Date: 18th 21st May, 2009 Subject: Chemistry Class: Grade 9 No.

. of students: 25 Duration of lesson: 1hour 10 minutes Unit topic: Chemical Bonding Lesson Topic: Comparing Ionic and Covalent Bonding Strategies: Lecture-Discussion, Direct Instruction, and Co-operative Learning. General Objectives: Students should gain knowledge about Chemical Bonding. Specific Objectives: From the notes given, students should be able to: 1. Compare and contrast the properties of covalent and ionic compounds. 2. Explain metallic bonding as the bonds that exist within a metal.

Previous Knowledge: Students are familiar with ionic and covalent bonding. Summary of Content: Because of the nature of ionic and covalent bonds, the materials produced by those bonds tend to have quite different properties. The atoms of covalent materials are bound tightly to each other in stable molecules, but those molecules are generally not very strongly attracted to other molecules in the material. On the other hand, the atoms (ions) in ionic materials show strong attractions to other ions in their vicinity. This generally leads to low melting points for covalent solids, and high melting points for ionic solids. For example, the molecule carbon tetrachloride is a non-polar covalent molecule, CCl4. It's melting point is -23C. By contrast, the ionic solid NaCl has a melting point of 800C.

Ionic Compounds

Covalent Compounds

1. Gases, liquids, or solids (made of 1. Crystalline solids (made of ions) 2. High melting and boiling points 3. Conduct electricity when melted 4. Many soluble in water but not in nonpolar liquid 4. Many soluble in nonpolar liquids but not in water Metals consist of a lattice of positive ions through which a cloud of electrons move. The electrons are the valency electrons of the metal, e.g. for sodium they are the outermost electron from each atom. The positive ions tend to repel one another, but are held together by the negatively charged electron cloud. molecules) 2. Low melting and boiling points 3. Poor electrical conductors in all phases

Instructional Materials: Notes. Procedure: Step 1. (10 minutes) Teacher introduces the lesson and will lead a question session to revise the topic of chemical bonding.

Step 2. (50 minutes) Teacher will develop the lesson. Step 3. (10 minutes) Teacher will ask students to make a table comparing ionic and covalent bonding.