( ) 34

106 79
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025
e-mail : info@hms.gr
www.hms.gr

GREEK MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY

34, Panepistimiou (leftheriou Venizelou) Street
GR. 106 79 - Athens - HELLAS
Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025
e-mail : info@hms.gr
www.hms.gr

71


, 30 2010

1. x = 32 4 23 : 4 + 25 y = 4 52 43 + 7 32 .
() x y .
() ,
x y .

()
x = 32 4 23 : 4 + 25 = 9 4 8 : 4 + 32 = 9 32 : 4 + 32 = 9 8 + 32 = 33 .
y = 4 52 43 + 7 32 = 4 25 64 + 7 9 = 100 64 + 63 = 99 .
()
x, y . ( 33,99 ) = 33 , = 33 .
2. , .
6. ,
7,
16, 32 248.

, 16, 32 248.
16 32 248
16 0
8 ,
0 0
8
= (16, 32, 248 ) = 8 .

: = 8 6 + = 48 + ,
0 7 .
= 1 , = 49 ,
7.
= 49 = 8 .

2
3. .
.

= 700
= 1300 , :
.
.
)

.
) o

= = 70o ,(
. / / :
1
, ).

/ / , : = 1 = 180o 130o = 50o . ( ,
1
,
).
,
, :
,
+
= 180o
+ = 180o
= 180o 70o 50o = 60o .

= = 70 = 35o .
, :
.
1
2
2
o

, / / , : I1 = 1 = 35 , I1 , 1
, I .

50o
, : 1 = =
= 25o .
2
2
o

E / / , : I 2 = 1 = 25 , I 2 , 1
E, .
4. .
80 , 120 .
2600 .
10%
,
:
. .

3
. 150%
.

. 120+80=200
,
2600:200=13 . 120
120 13 = 1560 .
10
1560
= 156 .
100
. x
,
150 3x
x
=
.
100 2

3x
2600
80 x + 120
= 2600 80x + 180x = 2600 260x = 2600 x =
= 10 .
2
260
3 10

= 15
2
, 120 15 = 1800
10
1800
= 180 .
100

3 4
1. x + y = 3 ( 2 ) y w =
5
: = 7x + 10y 3w 87 .
2

3 6
,
5

2
x + y = 3 ( 2 ) = 3 4 = 12

3 4
y w =
5

24
24
24
24
3 6
3 3
3 5
= =
5 5
5 3
5
.
24

3 5
= = 124 = 1.
5 3
:

= 7x + 10y 3w 87 = 7x + 7y + 3y 3w 87

= 7 ( x + y ) + 3 ( y w ) 87 = 7 12 + 3 1 87 = 84 + 3 87 = 0.
2. ,
:
() 4,
() ,
() 5 ,
()
1.

xyzw = 1000 x + 100 y + 10 z + w

. , () w = 0 4 8 , ()
z = 0 2 4, . , () y = 1 5 .
:
x100, x124, x148, x500, x524, x548 .
() 4500, 4524, 4548 ,
0.
= 1200 .
3.
x y , ,
= 1200 ,
= 600
, .

2 3 , :
. .
. .
. .

= 120o ,
. 1 2 =
= 60o . = 60o .
1

2
. (x) E (y)
=
=
90D = 1200 90D = 30o .
, :
1

: = ( ),
=
= 30o . ,
2 = 2 = 120o
1
3
= .

,
= = 300 , .
= 60D =

.
.
H :
2
2
3 2
2 = 2 + 2 2 =
+ 2 3
= 12 = 4 .
4
4
H :

3
= + , = + 2 3
2
12 + 8 3 .
2

2 = 48 = 4 3 .

12 ,

3+ 2 3
.
3

4. 2 . 1

C ( , )
, , . 2
C ( , ) .

. ( ,, )

C ( , ) C ( , ) .
. ( 1 ) ( 2 ) 1 2 ,

( 1 )
13

.
5
( 2 )

. x C ( , x )

( ,, ) .

()
2 = 2 + 2 2 = 2 2 = 2 ,

( ( ,, ) ) = 2

2 = 2 2 2 = 2 .

() 1

2 , .

( 1 ) = 2

( 2 ) = 2 2 4 2 = ( 2 4 ) 2 .
2

2 ,
,
( 2 ) = ( 2 ) 2 = 4 2 2 = ( 4 ) 2 .
2

( 1 ) 2 4
=
:
( 2 ) 4

( 1 ) 2 4 13
72
=
> 5 ( 2 4 ) > 13 ( 4 ) 23 > 72 >
3,1304 ,
( 2 ) 4
5
23
, 3,14 .
() < x < 2
,
2
2 x 2 = ( x 2 2 ) 2 2 x 2 = x 2 2

.
2
3
3
2x 2 = 3 2 x 2 =
x = .
2
2

1.
x 1 x 2 1 x ( x 1)
+
<
x 2 5x = 14,
.
2
4
4

x 2 5x = 14 x ( x 5 ) = 14 .
, x
14. x {1, 2, 7, 14} .

7 -2.
,
x 2 5x 14 = 0 , = 1, = 5, = 14 ,
= 2 4 = 81 x = 7 x = 2 .

x 1 x 2 1 x ( x 1)
+
<
2x 2 + x 2 1 < x 2 x 3x < 3 x < 1 .
2
4
4
x = 2 .
2. ,, ,
, :
= 4 + 2 3 + 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 2 2 + 2 4 .

= 4 + 2 3 + 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 2 2 + 2 4
= ( 4 + 2 3 + 2 2 ) ( 2 2 2 + 2 3 2 + 4 2 ) ( 2 2 2 4 )
= 2 ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) 2 2 ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) 2 ( 2 2 2 )
= ( 2 + 2 + 2 )( 2 2 2 ) 2 ( 2 2 2 )
2
2
= ( 2 2 2 )( 2 + 2 + 2 2 ) = 2 ( ) ( + ) 2

= ( + )( ) ( + + )( + ) .

3. :
x
4
x 1 2 5 x
,
1 =

= + .
2
y
2
3y 3 3

1
= w , :
y

8
x 8w = 2
x = 2 + 8w
x = 2 + 8w

x = 2 + 8w

x 4w = 13
x = 13 + 4w
2 + 8w = 13 + 4w
8w 4w = 13 2
11

x = 2 + 8
x = 2 + 2 11
x = 24

x = 2 + 8w

11
11 .
4w = 11
w = 11

w = 4

w = 4
4

( x, y ) = 24,
11

4. ( = ) .
() .
() ,
= < .
.

= )
. = ,
( = ) (
.

( = ).
, 1 = 2 = .
, = ,
3

1 , 2 .

4
:
1. = ( ).
2. = ( ).

9
3. 3 = 4 ( 1 , 2 ).
=
.
=

:
1. = ( ).
2. = ( ).
=
( ).
3.
= .
:
1. = ( )
2. = ( )
=
+
=
+
=

3.
= .

1
1
,
= ,

1
1
, .
, .

10

1. x, y, z
x2 y z = x 2
y2 z x = y 2
z 2 x y = z 2,

x + y + z = 6 x, y, z .

:
x 2, y 2 z 2 , x 2 y + z, y 2 z + x z 2 x + y.

x 2 y z = x 2 4x + 4
4x y z = 4
2

2
(1)
y z x = y 4y + 4 x + 4y z = 4 ,
2

x y + 4z = 4
2

z x y = z 4z + 4

: x + y + z = 6 .
x, y, z (1),

5x ( x + y + z ) = 4
5x 6 = 4
x = 2

5y ( x + y + z ) = 4 5y 6 = 4 y = 2 .

5z 6 = 4
z = 2

5z ( x + y + z ) = 4

,
x 2, y 2 z 2 , x > 2 ,
x + y + z > 6 , .
x = y = z = 2 .

2. c1 (, ) (
R1 = ) c 2 (, ) (
R 2 = ). c1 (, )
. c 2 (, )
.
. .
. = = 30o ,
.

11
. ( ) c1 (, ) ,
= 90o .

( ) c 2 (, ) ,
= 90o .


, , = / / .
=
= 90o

, / / .

=
= 90o

.

5
.
. = 30o ,
.

=
= = ,
2
, = , = ,
, .
3. x, y x + y = 4 ,
:

( 2x + 1)
x

( 2y + 1)
+
y

25 .

12
4x 2 + 4x + 1 4y 2 + 4y + 1
+
25
x
y
1 1
: 4 ( x + y ) + 8 + + 25
x y
1 1
+ 1.
:
x y
.

1 1
( x + y) + 4 ,
x y
x + y = 4 ,

1 1
x y
x y
+ = 2 + + 2 + 2
= 4.
y x
x y
y x
x = y = 2 .
,
1 1
x+y
+ 1
1 xy 4 x ( 4 x ) 4 x 2 4x + 4 0
x y
xy

( x + y)

( x 2 ) 0, .
x = y = 2 ,
x = y = 2 .
2

= 90o )
4. (
.
.
,
.

E A ,
:

13
6
= .

=
= .

1
1
2

,
=
=

1
2
2

=
=
= ,
= .

1
1
1
2
2
2
= ,
.
:

=

1
2

=
,
1
2

= ,
.
2

= = ,
.
,
.
,
, .

14

1.

( 2x

+ 3x + 1) ( x 2 + 3x + 2 ) = 7 ( x 2 1) .
3

(1 )
a = 2x 2 + 3x + 1, b = x 2 + 3x + 2 , a b = x 2 1
:
3
3
a 3 b3 = 7 ( a b ) ( a b ) ( a 2 + ab + b 2 ) = 7 ( a b )

( a b ) ( a 2 + ab + b 2 7a 2 + 14ab 7b 2 ) = 0
( a b ) ( 6a 2 15ab + 6b 2 ) = 0
a b = 0 2a 2 5ab + 2b 2 = 0
a = b a = 2b 2a = b
x 2 1 = 0 3x 3 = 0 3x 2 + 3x = 0
x = 1 x = 1 x = 1 x = 0 x = 1
x = 1 ( ) x = 0 x = 1.
2

3
( x + 1) ,

( x + 1) ( 2x + 1) ( x + 2 )

3
7 ( x 1) = 0 x = 1( )

3
2
3
2
8x + 12x + 6x + 1 x 6x 12x 8 7x 3 + 21x 2 21x + 7 = 0
3

x = 1( ) 27x 2 27x = 0
x = 1( ) x = 0 x = 1.
2. .

.
,
.

= + .
:
1
1
2

: = .
1

15

7
1 = 1 + 2 ,
. 1 = 2 .
: = .
1

: 1 = 2 ,
.
3. 2m , m ,
.
.
,
.

.
.
10 , 20 ,
30 .
. m 3 ,
7 .
. 210 ,
.

1 2m , 2m 1
m 1
2 .

16
2 2m 1 , 2m 2
2m 2 .
3 2m 2 , 2m 3
2m 3 m
2m m +1 = 21 = 2 , 2m m = 20 = 1
2m m = 20 = 1 .
:
m 2m 1 + 2m 2 + 2m 3 + " + 2 + 1 = 2m 1 .
:
n 1 = ( 1)( n 1 + n 2 + " + + 1) .
. m 3 , m = 3k ,
k , :
2m 1 = 23k 1 = ( 23 ) 1 = 8k 1 = (8 1)(8k 1 + 8k 2 + " + 1) = 7n ,
k

n .
. m ,
:
m(m + 1)
= 5m(m + 1) .
10 + 20 + 30 + " + (m 10) = 10(1 + 2 + 3 + " + m) = 10
2
:
5m(m + 1) = 210 m(m + 1) = 42 m = 6 ,
26 = 64 .
4. c1 = (O1 , r1 ) c 2 = (O 2 , r2 )
A B . M c1 , c 2
r1 < r2 , MA < MB .

1
2
MA = 2r1
M = 2r2
,
2
2

1
r1

.
=
B

2
r2

(1)

17

1

2
,

, .





1
1

.
,

=

()

= ()
2
2

(1)

r1 ()
(2)
=

r ()

()
B
=
,

A
()

(2)
2

r1
r1 MB

=

= < 1 MA < MB .
r2 MA
r2

,
.
A, B, M , A, B
, M
A, B ( AB

).