NHNG THNH TU CA KT CU THP TRONG HAI THP K HI NHP V M CA

Gs TS on nh Kin PGS. TS Phm Vn Hi

I. Qu trnh s dng v pht trin ca Kt cu thp Vit Nam qua cc thi k

1. Trc thi k Php thuc
Cha c kt cu kim loi ni chung Vt liu: st, gang dng lm cht, thanh cng, b ct.

2. Thi k Php thuc:

KCT ch xut hin t u th k 20 Cc cng trnh chnh:

- Cng nghip: Nh my xe la, nh my ng tu thy Nh my tuyn than, nh my dt - Dn dng: Nh ht ln, rp chiu bng - Dng kt cu: gin v ko, dm sn vm gch, cn thang, lanh t

3. Nhng nm 1950 1960

c im: sau ha bnh, bt xy dng c s cng nghip ha; C s gip ca cc nc XHCN; Vt liu thp him nn ch s dng cho cc cng trnh ln: L 24m; ct bc B 12 m, sc trc Q 50T Cc cng trnh ln:
Ton b bng thp: Nh my gang thpThi Nguyn (dm cu trc thp 2,5m, Q=150T), c kh H Ni,supe Pht pht Lm Thao, mt s kho Gin thp, ct b tng: Xe la Gia Lm, Phn m H Bc, in Ninh Bnh, ng tu Bch ng + L thuyt, Tiu chun tnh ton theo Nga.

Nh my Supe phtphat Lm Thao ang xy dng

Nh my gang thp Thi Nguyn (Tisco)

Hnh 3. Nh my c kh H Ni

4. Nhng nm khng chin chng M

c im: xut hin cc kt cu ph hp vi cc yu cu s tn chng chin tranh ph hoi: qui m nh, lp rp nhanh Loi kt cu ph bin: cc nh kho, nh xng bng gin v ko thp trn 3 mt, c thanh cng, nhp 12-18 m: do Trng HXD nghin cu di s ch o ca c GS Quc Sam Cc nh khung ghp t cc ray tu ha

5. Sau chng M, t 1975-1990

Nhim v chnh l phc hi cc cng trnh sau chin tranh ph hoi v xy dng cc nh my mi loi nh Cc hnh thc kt cu a dng kt hp thp v b tng Tn dng cc cng trnh do nc ngoi gip :
Khung kho Tip: ci tin thnh nh xng, nh th thao, ga hng khng Ni Bi Cc cng trnh dn dng 1-2 tng bng thp: trng hc, bnh vin ca nc ngoi vin tr nhn o

Ti min Nam: ch yu do phng ty gip: nh cng nghip, xng ng tu, nh cao tng khung thp ti16 tng.

Khung kho Tip lm nh xng

Hng ga my bay Tn Sn Nht trc 1975

II. Nhng thnh tu v pht trin KCT t 1990 n nay:

c im: y l thi k pht trin mnh m c v xy dng thc t v l thuyt tnh ton, tiu chun TK; Nhiu yu t thc y vic xy dng cc cng trnh ln: pht trin kinh t, cc s kin vn ha, th thao: SEA Games 2003, Hi ngh APEC 2007

2.1 Cc cng trnh dng KCT 2.1.1. Cc cng trnh ln:

a. Loi mi li khng gian: Nh thi u: Nam nh, Vnh Ph, H Ni, Ninh Bnh, Nng, Hi Phng, Tun Chu Qung Ninh Kt cu mi khng gian ngy cng p v hin i Kh nng ch to, dng lp tin b nhiu

Dng lp Nh thi u Nam nh L = 42m

Hnh 9. Mi nh biu din c heo Tun Chu

Nh trin lm Hi Phng (60x125m)

b. Cc cng trnh dng KC khc Nh thi u Ph Th TPHCM Mi sn vn ng Thin Trng

Mi sn M nh: d= 1000, t = 20; L = 160 m, gin cao 9m Mi cupn nh thi u th thao Nng: d =400, L =100 m

Nh thi u TDTT Ph Th TP HCM (Vm, L = 102 m)

Mi sn vn ng Thin Trng Nam nh, L=25m

Mi sn vn ng M nh L =160 x 9 m

Phi cnh nh thi u Nng

Nh thi u Nng Cupn L = 100 m

 Cng trnh c bit

Trung tm Hi ngh Quc gia, l cng trnh ln nht, ti 10000 tn thp, dn nng hai thnh, ct thp dng ch thp, bc lp chng chy Bo tng H Ni, s dng h sn vi dm thp treo

Trung tm hi ngh Quc gia 33x57x33 m

Trung tm hi ngh Quc gia

Gin thp bo tng H Ni

 Nh cao tng

Ton nh Diamond Plaza Khung thp, bc x l cao Thnh ph HCM

Khu trung tm thng mi 5 tng ca ta nh BITEXCO (TP HCM) bng kt cu lin hp thp- b tng

 Cc nh my ln bng thp
Nh my ha du Dung Qut c ng ng dn kh trn bin di 300 Km Nh my in C Mu, Nhn Trch, v.v. Cc ng dy ti in 500 kv, 200 kv B cha xng du ti 60000m3

Kt cu khung gian my nh my in C Mu

Nh my cn thp Vit Hi Dng- CTY T vn HXD thit k , COMA ch to

 Ct ng dy ti in Bc Nam 500 kV

 Cc b cha xng du ti 30.000 M3

2.1.2. Nh tin ch
Pht trin rng ri khp nc Hng nghn nh xng Nh lm vic, nh thi u th thao Nhp khc nhau: 12 mt ti gn 100 m

Nh my ch to kt cu thp tin ch

Kho nh my m Ph M 82 x 600 m

2.1.3. Kt cu thnh mng to hnh ngui

Lm cc cu kin trong nh tin ch: tm mi, x g, h sn tng Dng lm nh xng nh, nh dn dng Nhp n 20 m

Cc loi x g dm tng thnh mng

Nh khung bng cu kin thnh mng

Gin nhp ln ca Hi trng bng thanh thnh mng

2.1.4. Thp thp

Cc ct vt trong li in 500kV, 220 kV cao ti 150 m Hng trm thp vin thng H = 60 150 m Cc thp truyn hnh (cao nht l thp Bnh Dng ti 252 m ) Ct cp treo ( Yn T, Cha Hng, B N, Vinpearland) cao 50 -60 m Thp khoan du kh, cc cng trnh DK

Thp v tuyn vin thng

Ct ng cp treo

2.2 Thnh tu v vt liu v cng ngh ch to kt cu thp

2.1.2 Vt liu thp
Luyn 30% nhu cu thp Cn 50% nhu cu thp Ch yu l thp cc bon mc thp

 Nhc im:
Sn lng phi cn thp so vi nhu cu Ch yu cn thp trn, thp hnh nh (< 120mm), cha cn thp tm

Thp nc ngoi:
Thp Nga CT3 (mt s xng Nh my du Dung Qut) Hn Quc, Nht JIS SS400 (nh xng, ct in) Trung Quc: Q235, Q345 theo TC GB (SVQG M nh) Thp Chu u theo EN: S355 (TDTT M nh); S235JR, S355JR ( Trung tm HNQG) Thp M theo ASTM: hp kim thp A572 grade 50, thp cun A606. Dng nhiu trong nh tin ch Nh my thp cun: H Ni, Qung Ninh, Ph M

 Vt liu hn:
Que hn, Dy hn, thuc hn : sn xut c trong nc Ch yu theo tiu chun M: AWS Que hn E6018, E7016 Dy v thuc hn: F7XX-EXXX Dy hn li thuc E7XT-1

2.2.2. Cng ngh ch to

Cc nh my ch to KCT pht trin trong rng khp trn ton quc Mt s nh my c cng ngh hin i: my CNC, hn t ng, dy chuyn sn xut t ng, phng phun ht, b sn nhng, cc phng php kim tra hn t ng C kh nng ch to KCT phc tp: mi b cha cong hai chiu, gin khoan bin, gin nng nhp ln, dm cu dy vng, nt cu gin mi li khng gian Mi giai on pht trin ban u, tnh hin i cha ng b, cn pht trin mnh hn p ng nhu cu thc t

My hn t ng h quang chm loi c nh

My ct thp CNC

Dng lp gin nng ti Trung tm Hi ngh Quc gia (dng cu trc ln, ti 300 tn)

2.3. Thnh tu v nghin cu v bin son cc Tiu chun v KCT

2.3.1. V nghin cu trong lnh vc KCT Cc nghin cu gn lin vi cc cng trnh thc t:
ng dy din 500kV: kh nng chu lc ca ct, cch ch to, dng lp, m in Mi li khng gian: phng php thit k, ch to nt cu, bu lng HR, hn hi bo v, dng lp Nh tin ch: cch tnh n nh ct vt, dm tit din thay i, thanh thnh mng

Th nghim gi thp c cng trnh TTHNQG

2.3.2 V bin son cc Tiu chun v KCT a. Tiu chun Vit Nam
Lun bin son li cc Tiu chun TK ph hp vi nhu cu sn xut Sau 3 ln bin son (1963, 1972, 1991) TCXDVN hin hnh 338:2005 c tin b rt nhiu, thc y c pht trin KCT (cc khng ch v chuyn v, thit k cc b phn nh tin ch, tnh ton v ni thp ng, k hiu)

b. Tiu chun nc ngoi

Cc cng trnh ca nc ngoi thit k dng theo TC nc ngoi: AISC,BS, DIN, AS, JIS, Eurocode xut bn nhiu sch v kt cu thp theo Tiu chun nc ngoi. Cc k s Vit Nam bit s dng TC kt cu thp nc ngoi Nhiu nghin cu so snh cch tnh ca cc TC so vi TCVN tm hiu v p dng

c. Nhc im:
Cha c cc TCTK cho cc kt cu c th: thanh thnh mng, gin li khng gian TC v nghim thu KCT cn cha (TCXD 170-87), Qui phm v hn cha c

III. Nhng vn tn ti cn khc phc- D on nh hng pht trin

1. Cc tn ti
Lng thp sn xut c cn t, phi nhp > 50% s phi Mi cn c thp hnh nh, ch yu l thp trn Ch sn xut c thp cht lng thng, cha c thp cng cao, thp tm.

 Cc nh my ch to kt cu thp cn nh, trang b thiu Cc Tiu chun trong lnh vc KCT cn thiu nhiu: thit k, ch to, kim nh, th nghim hn, phng chng chy, bo v vt liu

2. Hng pht trin

Nh tin ch Kt cu thp nh (thnh mng, hp kim nhm) Kt cu dng thp ng, gin khng gian Kt cu nh cao tng Kt cu lin hp-thp b tng

Gs TS on nh Kin PGS. TS Phm Vn Hi