Professional Documents
Culture Documents
: ., ., ., .-., .,
., ., ., ., ., ., .,
., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., .
., ., ., ., ., ., .,
., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., .-.,
., ., ., ., ., ., ., .,
.-., ., ., ., ., ., .,
., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., .,
., ., - ., ., ., ., .,
.
- : .
/,
2010
1-2
,
, ,
, ,
, !
,
.
,
. (
)!
Scratch
2009-2010,
/, , . !
, , ,
, .
.
, Scratch.
,
, (cc) Creative Commons. , , ,
, , .
, .
.
!
1-3
....................................................................................... 46
5:
1:
5.1 ...................................................... 48
1.1 ;......................................................... 7
5.1.1 ...................................................... 48
1.2 ; ................ 8
5.1.2 ........................................................... 49
1.3 .............................................................. 9
5.1.3 .............................................................. 50
1.4 Scratching............................................................................................ 9
5.1.4 ........................ 51
..................................................................................................... 11
5.1.5 ! .................................................................................. 52
.................................................................................................... 11
5.1.6 .. 52
....................................................................................... 11
5.2 .............................................................. 52
2 :
2.1 Scratch............................................................. 13
5.2.2 ...................... 55
2.2 ................................................ 15
5.2.3 ......................................... 55
2.3 , , .................................. 17
5.3 ..................................................................................... 56
2.4 .......................................................... 19
..................................................................................................... 20
.................................................................................................... 59
.................................................................................................... 20
....................................................................................... 59
....................................................................................... 20
6:
3 :
6.1 .......................................................................................... 62
3.1 ................... 22
6.2 ............................................................................... 62
6.2.1 ......................................................................... 62
6.2.2 ............................................................................. 62
3.5 .................................................................................................. 26
6.2.3 .................................................................................... 62
..................................................................................................... 28
6.2.4 ..................................................................................... 63
.................................................................................................... 28
6.2.5 .......................................................................... 63
4:
6.3 , ................................................. 66
6.3.1 ....................................................... 66
4.2 ........................................................... 30
6.3.2 .................................................................. 66
4.2.1 ........................... 30
6.3.3 ................................................................ 67
4.2.2 .............................................. 34
6.4 ......................................................................................... 67
4.2.3 .......................... 35
..................................................................................................... 68
4.2.4 ....... 35
.................................................................................................... 68
4.3 ............................................................ 37
....................................................................................... 68
4.3.1 .......... 37
7:
4.3.2. ...................................... 37
7.1 , ..... 71
4.3.3 ................................................................................. 40
4.4 ......................................................................................................... 44
7.1.2 ....................................................... 72
4.4.1 ............................................................................... 44
..................................................................................................... 46
.... .............................................................................................. 73
.................................................................................................... 46
1-4
7.2.1 : ................................... 75
.................................................................................... 106
10:
7.2.3 : ............................................. 76
7.3 .................................. 77
7.3.1 : ........................................................... 78
7.3.2 ; 79
7.3.3 ................................................... 79
7.4 ..................................................................................... 80
7.4.1 ................................................................................... 80
.................................................................................................. 115
7.4.2 ................................................................................. 81
................................................................................................. 115
7.4.3 ................................................. 82
.................................................................................... 115
7.4.4 ...................................................................... 82
11:
7.4.5 .......................................................................... 83
7.4.5 .................................................................... 83
7.4.6 ......................................................................... 83
7.4.7 ...................................................................... 84
..................................................................................................... 84
.................................................................................................... 85
....................................................................................... 85
8 :
.................................................................................................. 126
................................................................................................. 126
8.1.1 stop/pause
.................................................................................... 126
clips ........................................................................................................... 87
12:
8.1.2 ............................................................. 88
8.2: ........................................................ 89
8.2.1: ............................ 89
8.2.2 .................................................... 90
8.3 ........................................................... 92
.................................................................................................. 139
8.3.1 ...................................... 92
................................................................................................. 139
8.3.2 ........................................................ 93
.................................................................................... 140
.......................................................................................................... 96
13:
.................................................................................................... 96
....................................................................................... 96
9 :
.................................................................................................. 150
................................................................................................. 150
.................................................................................... 151
.................................................................................................. 105
14: -
................................................................................................. 106
............................................................................................... 189
.................................................................................................. 189
.................................................................................................... 190
...................................................................................................... 191
........................................................................... 192
................................... 192
1:
.....................................
:
1.1
1.2 ;
1.3
1.4 Scratching
.....................................
. .
(John Johnson)
1.1 ;
, online
. ,
, ;
, ,
. ..
, -,
, .
, -
()
, .
, ..
( ,
, ;
).
. ;
;
;
; ,
, .
.
(..
, ,
).
, Tetris ,
,
- Wikipedia:
,
1-7
01011101..;
. ,
packman.
00101010... ( ). ,
, .
.
,
.
;
,
, .
packman
--
1.2
, .
packman,
1.3;
2.
3.
4.
5.
packman
1.
;
,
.
,
1-8
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
,
,
.
.
.
(
1.4 Scratching
, ,
, ,
Scratch. Scratch;
Scratch
1.3
, ,
; ,
,
-
. ,
.
.
, .
tetris, packman
,
1-9
,
.
Scratch
.
Scratch.
Lifelong Kindergarten group MIT
(
)
Mitchel
Resnick
2007,
(Windows,
, ,
Mac OS X Linux) .
, .
Scratch (http://scratch.mit.edu/) 700.000
200.000
!
Scratch
DJ's (scratching).
DJ's
. Scratch ,
Scratch;
, ,
Scratch
-
(-
Scratch).
. ,
Scratch
1-10
1)
). Scratch
tetris.
2)
3)
, ,
"":
. Scratch
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
( 4) 2
. ,
( 5) 3
Scratch
( 6) 4
4) : ,
. 3
, , , .
,
4,
5 8
, ,
. ;
,
,
.
6 !
!
1)
.
2)
;
3)
;
4)
;
5)
.
6)
Scratch
;
1-11
1-12
2:
.....................................
:
2.1 Scratch
2.2
2.3 , ,
2.4
.....................................
,
. , .
(Yogi Berra)
2.1 Scratch
Scratch,
. , ,
""
, .
(.. Internet Explorer)
http://scratch.mit.edu/
, ,
ScratchInstaller1.4.exe,
Microsoft).
' .
Download
Scratch.
.
Scratch. Scratch
.
2-13
Windows
.
Scratch. , Install
.
,
. Scratch
3
.
Next.
Scratch
.
,
, .
Program Files.
Next .
2-14
Next.
Scratch,
,
.
Scratch,
Finish.
) .
Scratch ( )
, .
Scratch,
.
, ,
, -
Games.
,
Scratch .
2.2
. Scratch
.
2-15
Packman.
Games
PacMan.
PacMan,
.
.
->
->
Scratch
. .
BreakDance.
...
,
.
, Stop
.
pacman ,
,
2-16
Scratch.
5 .
Rapper ( B boy)
. ,
(
)
,
.
.
,
. .
,
,
,
.
. ;
.
4 ,
, .
,
,
.
.
!!!
2.3 , ,
Pong.
Scratch
( games, Pong). ,
Scratch
'
Scratch). ,
, .
sprites
, .
.
.
.
Scratch;
2-17
.
.
->
. ;
.
,
;
,
; ,
: , .
( ).
.
, ,
, ;
;
, .
(..
, .) ,
. pong
,
.
,
Pong
.
.
;
,
.
2-18
2.4
,
, ,
.
.
,
.
. ;
! !
. !
. ,
,
.
. ,
( )
! ,
; . ,
2-19
3)
4) 3
, Pacman. '
5) 3
. ,
Pacman -
( )!
; ;
1) Scratch, ,
.
2)
Scratch
,
Scratch.
.
3)
Scratch.
( )
!
!
Scratch.
,
Scratch
.
, .
scratch
,
- .
(?).
1) :
2)
.
2-20
2-21
3: To
.....................................
:
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
.....................................
.
(L.Ron Hubbard)
3.1
Scratch
, .
Scratch.
, ,
( )
Scratch.
, .
( )
.
( )
Scratch
Scratch. -
:
.
3-22
: -
.sprite, .
: Scratch.
).
:
, , , .
: Scratch
Scratch.
(
).
. (.. LEGO Education
WeDo
(http://www.legoeducation.com).
Scratch.
(, , .).
Things
palmtree .
3.2
...
!
--; (
,
, ,
).
.
.
:
3-23
! Scratch
.
.
;
.
,
.
; 4
. ! Scratch
.
( )
shift
!
Scratch
!
, ,
1, .
-
;
! ;
(.. 1),
Scratch .
( )
3-24
:.
(
3.3) shift
.
Scratch.
, x,
y (
), (
90 ), ,
,
.
.
,
.
.
shift
.
.
.
shift+
.
3-25
, ,
.
.
Scratch
, -
. ,
""
Scratch ,
""
3.5
Scratch
3.4 ... .
; ; ; ; Scratch
, ,
.
, ,
.
. -
Scratch.
Scratch
3-26
,
. ,
.
,
.
, ,
: ,
. 20 .
.
10
.
:
:
, ..
, ..
, .
, ,
, ,
10
10%.
,
15 .
, (
, , .
).
,
,
6.
:
,
.
, ,
,
, .. ,
.
,
, .
,
Scratch.
3-27
.
,
Scratch.
LEGO!
Scratch , ,
() X .
, ,
- .
Scratch, .
, -
),
. ,
Scratch.
1)
2)
;
3)
;
4)
Scratch
.
5)
.
;
6)
,
. ;
,
.
x .
.
,
.
.
3-28
3-29
4:
.....................................
:
4.1 Scratch
4.2
4.3
.....................................
,
(Edwin Herbert Land)
4.1 Scratch
.
,
,
, .
, .
, ,
. ,
Scratch
3 3 , ,
4.2
. Scratch
Windows,
, .
4.2.1
,
()
.
,
.
4-30
,
.
,
.
,
. ,
Scratch.
. .
( ,
)
.
,
4-31
,
. ,
.
;
delete,
.
.
. ,
.
,
( ).
,
.
!
.
STOP
!
.
.
4-32
).
;
,
,
.
.
. , ,
!
.
.
.
.
, .
:
4-33
:
.
:
.
Sports (),
,
.
(
!). :
.
{:
4.2.2
, Scratch
""
. , ,
; Pacman;
(,
).
.
,
()
() . ,
4-34
. .
.
.
4.2.3
,
Scratch
.
.
.
,
(
)
.
,
,
.
,
,
4.2.4
, ,
. ,
.
4-35
.
,
. ,
.
- -
, .
(..
, , , ).
.
(!
!)
,
.
. 2
-.
4-36
. ,
.
4.3.2.
,
.
4.3
4.3.1
Scratch
, ,
.
Scratch. 1
.
.
Scratch. !
,
1. delete ,
.
, ,
.
, ,
.
, ,
: ,
,
.
.
4-37
.
.
,
.
. ,
, ,
, . ,
, .
.
.
4-38
.
, ,
.
;
.
. ,
, ,
.
. .
.
,
.
4-39
.
,
.
.
:
,
Scratch. ,
.
, Scratch
Facebook!
4.3.3
Scratch
. ,
. ,
.
,
(.. http://images.google.com).
,
, .
_,
Scratch.
,
Scratch .
4-40
,
, Scratch
.
,
,
Scratch
.
. ,
.
.
.
.
Scratch,
.
,
.
, ,
.
.
.
, !
!
4-41
, .
.
,
.
,
..
,
.
,
.
!
,
,
. ,
.
, .
.
4-42
, .
,
, .
.
.
, game over
.
Looney Tunes,
.
.
4-43
. Scratch !
:
,
!
;
4.4
4.4.1
-; , ,
, , .
.
,
Scratch
, -
. Scratch
Scratch .
, .
.
4-44
,
.
.. Bubble Bubble.
.
;
Scratch. ..
. Games
5 MarbleRacer
.
Scratch
.
,
.
!
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
,
,
Scratch.
. Music Loops
Triumph. , .
4-45
) Scratch
, , ,
)
, ,
, .
)
Scratch
Scratch
, Scratch
Triumph
1)
.
2)
;
3)
.
4) ;
1)
.
2) 5
.
3) !
.
. .
:
,
Triumph.
.
, , .
Scratch
:
)
4) " ",
" "
, , , .
4-46
5) , ,
.
6)
4-47
5:
.....................................
:
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
.....................................
()
5.1
Scratch.
-.
5.1.1
) ,
Scratch).
. ,
.... ,
, .
Scratch ,
!
.
.
100 . ,
. 100
10
). 10 ,
5-48
,
500 .
(
)
(-47).
(
-
5.1.2
;)
.
,
.
Scratch. 4
(90 ), (-90 ),
...
(0 ) (180 ).
,
.
. ,
...,
. ,
(90 ).
.
.
...
;
,
.
. ,
,
...
...
,
/.
5-49
,
(
).
Scratch
,
[05_01.sb]:
,
.
.
.
,
, .
5.1.3
; ; . Scratch
! ,
: )
) .
;
.
5-50
[05_02.sb].
Scratch
5.1.4
... ....
""
"".
- -
...;
, ,
, Scratch ...
...,
, .
..., .
, ,
..., .
,
...<2> ....
.
:
:
5-51
5.1.5 !
;
;
;
,
.
5.1.6
Scratch,
Scratch
, .
, .
, ,
180 . ,
.
.
().
, -,
, ,
90 90 . ,
Super Mario
,
.
Scratch
.
.
5.2
1000
...
180 .
.
.
x y.
. 180
. x
, ,
y;
Scratch.
5-52
Scratch 30 3
x y.
. ;
Scratch 0
. -
0. ,
(x = 0 , y = 0).
2
4 (x=2
y=4).
4 -3
(x=4 , y=-3).
.
xy-grid
Scratch.
:
Scratch. Scratch
(pixels),
.
. Scratch x
( ) y (
) (x, y)
5-53
- .
x=0 y=0. ,
Scratch
1
x y
) , x -240
240 ,
) , y 180
-180 .
, Scratch 2402 = 480
1802 = 360.
5.2.1 (x, y)
x y.
x,y
,
(x, y)
.
(x, y)
( -
).
x,y .
, ( 1).
( 2)
x y .
5-54
.
.
5.2.2
2
;
.
;
;
Scratch
x ... y ...
x y .
!
x y
, x y
y.
x =-202 y=-29.
x y
x 100 y 10 :
.
,
(-202)
(100).
; ;
y.
, Scratch
: x ... y
... x
y .
x y
x, y
x 100 y
10;
.
5.2.3
.
.
,
5-55
; ,
.
, :
, (
)
.
:
)
,
)
.
,
.
,
.
5.3
5.4 "
, .
"
, ;
Scratch
.... x, y.
[05_03.sb]:
1 : crab1-a
starfish1-a
(166,96).
().
1 . 2
(166,96)
Scratch.
animals
(0,0)
(0,0)
()
2:
5 .
underwater nature
x y (166,96)
Scratch.
3:
.
5-56
(-200,-130)
:
. :
. :
4: 2 : .
,
.
.
.
(-200,130) (200,-130) .
:
2 .
:
. .
(200,-130) .
5-57
2
, (3,13),
.
2
, (0,120), 90
90
.
:
90 (
)
(-220,20) (220,20).
5-58
(200,-130) (-200,-130) .
.:
.
,
1.
,
, ;
2. ....
x,y, x,y;
3.
.:
.
4.
(200,-130);
5.
,
;
6.
pacman
;
7. ,
1
.
!
1) ,
Scratch.
, 3 :
, ,
) ( )
) ( )
,
5-59
(Tip:
x, y)
,
, .
2) .
, ,
.
,
.
(Tip:
Scratch)
5-60
5-61
6:
.....................................
:
6.1
6.2
6.3 ,
6.4
.....................................
, !
()
6.2.2
6.1
" "
...
!
; Scratch
, .
...
,
.
,
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.3
).
- .
. ,
...
...
...
6-62
...
,
. ,
,
.
6.2.4
.
...
...
Scratch,
. ,
!
. ;
6.2.5
x: y: ,
.
6-63
.
,
,
,
, .
.
;
100mm
.
(90 )
100mm .
100
mm
. ,
:
[06_01.sb]
.
;
sprite ;
.
Scratch ,
))
) .
Scratch.
6-64
.
.
.
.
[06_02.sb]
[06_02.sb]
120 . ;
60 ; 60
( 120 + 60 = 180);
6-65
. .
, .
:
)
Scratch.
) ...
xy
. ,
.
6.3 ,
6.3.1
;
; Scratch
[06_04.sb]
. .
;
;
[06_03.sb]
6.3.2
. ,
( = 0 ,
+10
- +10,
100
300
1 pixel
6-66
[06_05.sb]
1 100
1 100 2
,
(
),
.
.
[06_07.sb]
100
5 3 .
[06_06.sb]
100 1
, 0,
100 .
6.4
6.3.3
, .
Scratch
Scratch. ,
, .
. 1 ;
..
6-67
1)
2)
.
;
3)
1)
1 .
2.
[06_07.sb]
,
.
.
.
2
2)
3.
, ,
, .
Scratch
.
, ,
-.
6-68
3
3)
,
4
6-69
6-70
7:
.....................................
:
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
.....................................
, !
(Henry David Thoreau)
7.1
Scratch ,
x)
(
).
,
.
,
7.1.1 !!!
Scratch. ,
,
; Scratch
,
(
).
7-71
_1
_1,
_1,
. ,
boy4-walking-a ,
x 10
People. ,
0,25
walking-e ,
_5.
0.25 .
_2,
10 0.25 .
0.25 .
.
,
;
;
;
;
;
7.1.2
...
. ,
[07_01.sb]
...
.
;
,
.
:
[07_02.sb]
7-72
.
:
;
,
(..
).
, ,
.
Scratch
train-tracks-1
( outdoor)
....
Cassy
( People).
. ,
dancing-4 .
: ) Scratch
, )
; .
;
:
7-73
(x=0, y=0)
3
.
, :
Scratch ,
....
....
!.
[07_03.sb]
...,
-.
: .
, Scratch
,
.
.
Scratch
/.
7.2 - ...
......
.......
,
-
/.
.
7-74
,
( )
.
,
! ;
,
,
7.2.1 :
......
"! scratch;" 3
. ,
...
Scratch, ( )
" ...".
.
:
- : ! scratch;
- : ;
;
- : , !
- :
, ,
... ....
... ...,
" ;
boycurly boyshorts
costumes/people,
3 (.. 2)
boycurly
boyshorts.
. ,
hall
...,
backgrounds/Indoors.
;".
!.
[07_04.sb]
!
""
. ,
x ... y ...,
170 -50 x y .
, 2
x y
-170 -50 .
. ' ,
7-75
. :
()
0
...
: !
()
'
;
2
3.5
: ;
: 1...
: 2...
: 3...
: Scratch rules!!!
:
...
: !
: !
2,5
: ..
:
' !
3,5
: Scratch rules!!!
: , .
5,5
2-3 .
: !
4,5
: !
8,5
: !!! .
: ..
10
: !
10,5
: , .
11,5
13
14
14,5
: ..
:
!
15,5
: !
;
17,5
18
19,5
: !
[07_05.sb]
clothing-store
backgrounds Indoors. ,
7.2.3 :
'
, boycurly2 boycurly3.
7-76
! (
curtain )
, ,
. ,
.
,
1 .
.
,
,
.
[07_05.sb]
,
.
.
7.3
! ,
!
,
, . ,
,
,
7-77
. Scratch, ,
, Scratch 2
. : .
! ,
...,
, ,
, , .
, -10
!
.
7.3.1 :
...%,
, .
( ),
Scratch. 2
50 (
. ,
50%) .
).
, .
.
,
( -->),
.
)
)
)
) .
,
.
7-78
. , ,
.
4
.
Scratch .
. :
,
(
).
).
. ;
. ,
Scratch
7.3.3
( !)
.
!
, Scratch
.
, 100 ..
10 110.
.
7.3.2 ;
.
,
.
7-79
[07_07.sb]
;
.
7.4
7.4.1
Scratch
.
, .
...
4 1 .
4 , 5
5 .
. !
7-80
7.4.2
.
Scratch, . ,
.
[07_08.sb]
, ,
, .
Scratch;
GAME OVER
5 -,
47
.
;
.
7-81
7.4.3
.
,
.
;
[07_09.sb]
,
, ,
.
7.4.4
.
25.
15
[07_10.sb]
7-82
7.4.5
!
:
.
7.4.5
.
.
;
.
7.4.6
.
7-83
10
.
[07_13.sb]
[07_11.sb]
7.4.7
, ,
, .
;
.
, .
Scratch
,
,
.
.
...,
#
, ,
..., #
.
...
. (
......
...)
[07_12.sb]
( ......
...),
. ,
; 7.69
...,
...%,
.
7-84
,
... ..., ......
.
.
1) ...
.......
2)
"" .
3)
""
.
4) !
2)
Scratch.
3) Scratch .
4-5 ,
5) .
. (
) ) # )
).
) ) ) #
@
) # ) # )
@
) ) )
@
) # )
: _ _ _ _ _
1) :
7-85
7-86
8:
.....................................
:
8.1
8.2
8.3
.....................................
,
( )
8.1 Scratch
DrumMachine ,
clip
Scratch
.
!
, ,
,
.
,
Scratch.
8.1.1 stop/pause
clips
, Scratch
.
Scratch .
Play Stop
Scratch
DrumMachine 5
208b, .
.
;
,
.
Scratch. Music Loops
8-87
.
,
.
_
, Scratch
, .
8.1.2
, ,
. %
, ,
110% , Scratch
, . ,
10%
. ,
. , 10
110%
120%.
, %
. ,
fade out ( )
. ; ,
Scratch
.
. [08_01.sb]
.
8-88
.
.
, ,
. ,
.
.
,
(.. )
.
,
.
, ,
% 100%
. ;
, ,
-15
Scratch
0.5 . ,
. (
. 60
) :
-10;
1 1
8.2:
Scratch
120 , 1
0.5
(120/60=2 ).
, 2 .
8.2.1:
.
.
8-89
, !
,
.
.
. !
.
. 60
10, 70
.
. ,
.
[08_02.sb]
8.2.2
,
!
: )
, )
.
Scratch,
8-90
. , ,
, .
Scratch
.
[08_03.sb]
:
;
; ;
8.2.3 White Stripes
Scratch
Seven Nation Army White Stripes.
tab
tablature
=).
.
.
[08_04.sb]
:
8-91
_ .
. _
8.3
.
,
8.3.1
7, 3
; :
: ,
.
, ,
.
;
,
.
1
; 1.5
. 1 2.5
,
(1+1.5)
clips
tish_bagpipes.wav
matador.wav,
chinese_riff.wav
Scot-
. ,
.
.
, .
6
matador.
:
.
.
,
clip scottish_bagpipes.
8-92
!
8.3.2
; 2 .
,
.
.
[08_05.sb]
:
)
; !
)
;
.
.
.
:
)
,
, .
!!! .
. ,
8-93
.
bedroom2
indoors
Scratch. 2
:
.
,
.
! !
.
.
,
,
( )
.
.
Dan People
Scratch. , Dan
,
.
dan1 dan6 .
(
).
8-94
,
. ;
, (
!) .
; !
,
Techno1.
Scratch.
!
, x 0
Dan .
,
, Dan ,
! , Dan
(dan4)
.
! .
!
.
.
Dan .
(0.2 ) Dan
- .
, 20 .
,
0.2
(x=0)
( )
x. , 0.2
.
8-95
! Dan
[08_06.sb]
(!)
, , .
. .
)
,
;
1)
2) ;
3)
4)
, ,
6)
dance.sb.
break-dancer
7)
( ...) .
, break-dancer
-.
8) !
-
.
1) .
.
2) ,
2
2
. -
. !
Scratch
3) "twinkle
Scratch.
Scratch
.
8-96
8-97
8-98
9:
.....................................
:
9.1
9.2
9.3 ....
.....................................
(Steve Mils)
9.1
, .
Scratch
-;
, , Scratch
;
.
Bold
.
,
:
.
; ,
, ,
.
9-99
,
.
.
) ,
.. ...
,
)
.
.
- .
1 ,
.
.
,
.
, ,
. .
.
Scratch.
Scratch
9.1.1 ...
,
.
; ,
. ,
, ... ,
9-100
. .
3
5, .
,
. ,
.
.. ,
90 10 .
:
,
... ,
.
;
8
Scratch.
...
,
.
, .
[09_01.sb]
5 5
:
) 4
.
Scratch
!
9-101
,
;
,
. ;
,
.
, Scratch,
, , ...
... ...
(..
) ,
9.2 ....
...
.
,
.
.
,
. :
,
, ,
.
[09_02.sb]
, , Pacman.
Pacman
.
Pacman
4 , .
,
.
9-102
!
,
.
, !
... ""
,
.
. ... ,
.
...
... :
,
12, :
.... x,y
Scratch:
, ,
(
;).
[09_03.sb]
: ...
9-103
12
enter ,
, ...:
(
enter
)
,
.
.
.
:
, .
[09_04.sb]
.
!
9-104
,
. ,
.
.
[09_05.sb]
,
.
,
4 .
.
, :
Scratch;
. Scratch
. ,
, ,
. ,
..
,
.
, ... ,
.
. ,
9-105
1)
Pacman.
2)
;
3)
.
5) .
.
6)
. .
7) .
1) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3) _ _ _ _ _ _
4) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1. .
2. .
3.
( ).
4.
.
5. .
6. .
1) ,
.
.
2) ...
.
3) ,
,
,
!
,
.
9-106
9-107
10:
.....................................
:
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
.....................................
, !
10.1
..
, ,
60
, 60
.
, ,
; , !!
.
; .
,
. ,
... !
10
, 10
,
. ,
( ).
10-108
,
.
:
.
12.
10.2 !
..
Scratch .
.
.
.....................................................
, ,
,
, :
.
.
;
.
!
10-109
.
.
,
" .
...". .
[10_01.sb]
( ) . ,
. ,
. .
Scratch.
. .
170
. ,
, ,
. :
.
,
.
[10_02.sb]
, ,
. ;
.
Scratch;
,
, .
! !
:
10-110
10.3
,
..
. .
,
, .
[10_04.sb]
. , , .
8,
! .
10 .
4!.
.
.
.
[10_03.sb]
.
[10_05.sb]
.
1
10
10-111
,
, .
15
..
.
20
; ,
- .
,
; ;
,
.
10
[10_06.sb]
,
.. 50
Scratch.
4, 1
20*2+20*2 , 80 !
4 .
28
10-112
[10_07.sb]
.
, .
10.4
10.4.1
" "
,
.
.
, .
, .
, .
10.4.2 !
10-113
3 .
3
.
[10_08.sb]
, 24.
, ,
60 .
360 /60 =6
. ,
60 .
, 6
! ,
60 .
, , 1
12
.
60=60*60 = 3600 ,
360/12 =15 .
, :
60*60*24=86400
60*24=1440
24 .
,
. ,
.
,
.
10-114
,
:
( )
( ).
-
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
1)
2) ,
3)
2)
. :
.
4)
1)
.
, .
10-115
10-116
11:
.....................................
:
11.1
11.2
"..."
"..."
"....."
11.3
.....................................
,
( ')
11.1
. ,
, , .
, .
Packman,
() ()
. Packman ,
) ( ).
. Scratch
. ,
pit stop
!!.
. ,
, ,
;.
:
11-117
) ,
) , .
.
.
,
, .
; ;
:
,
.
. ;
;
;
;
;
,
. ,
( ) ( ), (
).
.
.
facebook.
.
.
.
11-118
'.
( ) ' ( )
( )
, .
(,
'
11.2.2 "..."
. ;
, ! ,
Scratch
1 2
1 2
. , ....
.
.. , ,
Scratch.
11.2 scratch.
11.2.1 "..."
Scratch
; ,
.
.
[11_01.sb]
, ,
10
. ,
,
, ,
Scratch. A
, .
( ),
, ,
.
.
. . ,
.
11-119
.
,
,
,
.... :
, .
....
. ,
.. .
...
. ,
(a-z), (0-9) .
! ,
..;
;
[11_03.sb]
;
,
[11_02.sb]
... ....
. ,
(.. ,
10
, ) .
..
11-120
,
, ,
(!!) .
[11_05.sb]
;
-___
-___ .
[11_04.sb]
(..
11.2.3 "..."
).
).
. , =
Scratch ;
......
. , .
11-121
[11_06.sb]
[11_08.sb]
, .
. ,
. ,
. ..
. .
......
[11_07.sb]
...=...
.
[11_09.sb]
, .
.
,
,
. ,
.
;
;
11-122
.
.
. ,
,
.
.
;
...
.
11.2.2 "....."
;
.
,
. ......
.
,
, ......
.
.
...,
,
, ......
.
...... ,
, ...,
. ,
......
11-123
ninja ,
. .
ninja I-fel-se-kun.
ninja
ninja
.
;
.
.
.
.
ninja
Scratch ......;
- :
...... ninja.
[11_10.sb]
ninja
.
......
...; ...... ...;
;
.
; ninja.
, ninja (
) .
....
.
,
. ,
ninja .
......
...;
,
...
. .
.
......
.
11-124
11.3 .
, ,
,
1:
[11_11.sb]
2: .
. .
...
.
.
:
Scratch
...... ;
;
;
. ;
. ,
,
(woods-and-bench)
(school1).
11-125
.
... ... ...
.
(,
).
,
(..
, .).
;
,
,
1)
- ... ....
- ... 2 .
2)
....
.
3)
...... ......;
. .
4) ... .....
, !
.
( ) { }
. ,
( ) { }
, .
Scratch.
5) .
1) .
.
(, , )
,
( ).
,
.
2)
[11_12.sb]
.
11-126
.
.
.
.
3)
,
( ),
.
.
1.
c .
2.
d
.
3.
u
.
4.
5.
r
.
6.
g
.
7.
p
.
8.
y
.
9.
s
-1.
10. b
1.
11-127
11-128
12: !
.....................................
:
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
.....................................
, ,
()
12.1.
10,
( )
( ),
Scratch
.
, .
FaceWarp.
. ,
Scratch;
. ,
()
; ;
squareface Scratch.
,
12-129
,
. 4
.
.
x,y 4
4
[12_01.sb]
. x,y
! ,
, ,
20 ,
, Scratch
; !
Scratch
. , !
-; .
. ,
;
.
,
.
.
, .
; .
.
12.2
11 .
!
: !
!. !
.
;
:
.
: .
.
12-130
( )
!!!
. !
. ,
.
:
:
( animals, clam1):
.
. , :
!
:
,
!
,
.
,
,
,
'
... : ,
. ,
.
:
.
!
;
(?) ! fantasy1-b fantasy
Scratch.
12-131
( = )
. , Scratch
, .
. ,
5 ,
x,y. ,
.
, .
, .. ,
. :
[12_02.sb]
!
.
,
[12_03.sb]
.
, 1.
12-132
,
.
. 2
.
.
( ). ,
, , 3
.
.
;
Scratch People,
Scratch!
boy4-walking
rout66
outdoors:
,
.
:
,
.
( ):
,
10 .
.
:
12-133
10
)
;
)
;
)
;
)
,
;
E)
;
12.4
.
:
Suspense.
,
. ,
:
.
.
.
[12_04.sb]
16x15,
23x21 27x25,
.
12-134
110x105.
.
[12_05.sb]
. ;
8, 7
(
3!).
.
!
8 7;
;
( , ,
, ,
). , .
,
10 .
.
.
[12_06.sb]
:
(1).
# =8 ( ;).
10
) .
,
12-135
) ,
1
. ,
! 1 .
.
, ,
,
,
.
,
helicopter1 transportation
Scratch.
.
[12_07.sb]
y ,
x .
y .
; ,
Peculiar Electronic
Scratch.
..
); ,
) ,
Scratch
) ,
,
,
12.5 , !
) ,
) ,
, , ,
12-136
(,
.
!:
; ;
.
.
.
Scratch.
. Scratch
.
.
) .
Scratch
( , , , ,
-240
240.
-235, -230,
, , ,
, , ,
10)
-1 1.
100
Scratch;
. , 2
Scratch
(butterfly2 Animals),
(235,0) (-235,0) .
x,
26:
12-137
, stars Nature
Scratch.
[12_08.sb]
, x 210,
210,
. , Scratch
,
.
Scratch!
Scratch
!
, ,
x 100.
; Scratch
.
.
, .
(
). ,
,
Scratch,
! ,
c
.
12-138
. 2
:
, c.
.
...
[12_09.sb]
:
)
(..
),
)
(..
, ),
)
(.. , .)
: ,
. ,
= +*
10,
. ,
11. ,
Scratch.
, ,
. ;
1)
KAI
12-139
- : ,
- :
<, > =
- :
6) .
-,
- :
) ) )
, ,
- :
) - ) - ) -
- .
2)
) - ) )
..
- .
, ..
.
. .
.
3) :
- ;
, , .
)
)
)
-
;
)
)
)
- :
) ) )
4)
30
) cos 30 ) tan 30 ) atan 30
: _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7) .
;
5) .
1) :
12-140
.
, ,
1
.
2)
,
' . 3
.
, .
2 ,
.
.
, ,
, 5 .
3
.
.
12-141
12-142
13:
.....................................
:
13.1
13.2
13.3
.....................................
.
(Dr. June Singer)
clipart
).
Scratch
, ,
indoors spotlight-stage.
, ,
: .
, .
,
.
!
.
Scratch!
,
,
, . .
,
.
[13_01.sb]
:
(,
), ()
().
(.. Google)
. ..:
. GuitarChords2
music
loops.
,
,
.
;
,
-
, .
Drum music
loops. .
Scratch
.
,
.
:
got-inspiration
.. , ,
vocals.
, .
.
(, ,
).
, .
.
13-144
. ,
, ,
. 7
(2 5* [0.5+0.5]
) .
, .
, ;
. .
Scratch
.
,
.
scratch
... . ,
,
,
.:
... :
[13_02.sb]
, .
.
Scratch.
...,
... ....
13.3
1: : .
, ,
,
.
,
.
. "
" Scratch gia
;
13-145
, , -
, ,
1+1;
.
,
, 4
.
,
.
. 4
5.
.
.
.
: 1), 2)
- 3) .
"",
...
1+1
.
(
)
.
,
,
.
13-146
:
3
. ,
!!!!!!! -
2x100m,
2 .
(50m)
""
50 .
.
- .
.
.
. ,
.
[13_03.sb]
.
. 2 2
, 4 , (2 2
).
[13_04.sb]
13-147
. ;
;
.
1 :
,
( )
.
.
- diver1
. ,
diver2
People
Scratch
referee2.
...,
... .
90
.
,
,
:
,
:
,
,
. ,
13-148
,
( )
(
) .
,
.
,
)
2 :
( )
()
,
.
)
,
.... (
).
( )
, .
........
.......
. ,
.
,
:
13-149
..
Scratch
.
,
.
, .
1)
[13_05.sb]
2) 2 1
! :
2 .
2
;
3)
-
, ..
. , .. ,
.
- ,
, ,
.
4) :
1
5)
; .
13-150
3)
(, , ,
) ,
.
,
, , .
, ( )
. ,
.
2
, ,
.
: )
,
)
, )
6)
.
;
1) 10
.
,
.
2)
.
,
. , .
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
13-151
13-152
. 14:-
.....................................
:
14.1
14.2
14.3
.....................................
.
'.
(Suzanne Farrell)
14.1.
14.1.1
: !
;
,
;
) :
pacman
, .
. !
, , '
. ; .
) :
. ,
(.. , ,
).
. ,
, .
, ,
300 3 .
300
.
Scratch,
14-153
0,
,
.
, .
0
. ..
3
0.
.
1,
30;
30 ;
1,
, ,
-5 5
..
, 1
, 1
2.
-1,
1.
Scratch.
,
#,
Scratch . ,
, ,
.
[14_01.sb]
1000
14.1.2
: . 10:
. 10
. :
, :
)
,
)
Scratch (.. ,
, , .).
: :
. -
14-154
60 .
;
,
.
, 3
0.
[14_02.sb]
; .
, .
60, 60 .
.
, ,
, .
, ,
Scratch,
: :
, ; ,
! ,
- ,
- -!
.
,
: : , , -
2 .
3 .
. 3 .
.
:
14-155
.
2 2.
2.
, 3,
.
-
,
.
.
. ;
.
;
.
.
,
2 3 .
-
-
14.1.3
. ,
-.
. :
.
x y,
x
y
y,
x.
.
2.
y=0, x=
x y
y=0, x=0
y 2
y=2, x=0
x y
x, y
.
y , x .
,
,
14-156
) ,
, .
..
- !
14.2.2 Scratch
,
Scratch
! ..:
x
2. Scratch
( ),
x
, x. ,
14.2
14.2.1 ;
,
,
super market
.
,
,
. ,
supermarket
. ,
Scrabble.
, ,
(),
(Formula
, .
1)
20 !
.
14-157
).
Scratch,
[]
[]
'
,
.
[1]
[].
).
1
.
1
,
,
.
1
..
[4]
[].
[]
[]. ,
. , ,
!
.
(
),
-.
14-158
[1] []
[].
[] [1] [].
[] [1] []
[] [].
, 1
, ,
. ,
[]
[].
.
.
,
[].
[1] [].
2 .
[3] []
2 ,
14-159
. ,
,
,
. ,
,
,
.
. .
. ,
DVD .
. x; x
. ,
2.
. x
, -
. 2,
3 . ,
14.3
14.3.1
Bouncing Balls:
-.
14.2.3 vs.
, . ,
! ;
. ,
. .
_, _ _.
_ . ,
. ,
brick-wall1
Scratch
.
parking .
,
,
14-160
: ,
.
,
.
[score] [0],
.
,
.
.
,
. ,
1 , 2
, .
4 . ,
[] [] ,
(1
, 2 4
).
( )
!!
:
,
.
[14_05.sb]
Tetris:
Tetris,
14-161
. ,
.
.
.
7
,
1 7
1 7.
.
1 7 ,
,
next,
. ,
, randomnum
next
Tetris:
.
;
.
;
,
Scratch
,
.
14-162
x y.
Tetris,
http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/amyv/11292
.
14.3.2
1!
, ! ,
,, 6
.
.
,
. ;
, ..
,
[14_p05.sb]
[]
. ,
[]. :
. .
:
. ;
14-163
.
;
2,
.
[],
[ ] [2]
[].
:
, ,
[] [].
[] = [ ]
-,
Scratch,
,
,
. ,
) ,
, ,
[] [], []
[ ]
[] [1] [].
(
)
.
[]
[]. ,
,
. / ,
.
. ,
! :
14-164
,
, 0,
x -
[] = [0].
) ,
; .
, .
Scratch
.
, ,
,
[]
[//].
.
,
, .
) ,
.
,
,
.
[] [ ].
,
.
.
14-165
.
, .
fantasy10
fantasy14 Fantasy
Scratch. fantasy14
,
!
.
Mr.Blue Mrs.Pink.
.
Mr.Blue
Mr.Blue,
. ;
. , Mrs.Pink
, Mr.Blue
Love chase:
, .
. Mrs.Pink
Mr.Blue
Mrs.Pink .
Mr.Blue;
Mrs.Pink
Mrs.Pink, ,
Mr.Blue,
. ,
, Mr.Blue
! , .
Mr.Blue
[14_06.sb]
Mr.Blue .
.
.
.
14-166
[ x] [x] [ y] [y]
.
.
:
,
,
, .
.
,
.
x y
,
-1.
Mr.Blue
Mr.Blue;
Mr.Blue,
Mr.Blue,
. . ,
Mr.Blue
. ,
[2]
. ,
: x Mr.Blue
y,
x y .
, ,
Mrs.Pink Mr.Blue
Mr.Blue
. , x y
, .
, ,
[] [x]
Mr.Blue.
[] [y]. ,
Mr.Blue
. ,
Mr.Blue
Mr.Blue :
.
14-167
,
.
Mr.Blue
.
Mrs.Pink Mr.Blue
x y
[] [x/y].
, Mrs.Pink Mr.Blue
,
.
Mrs.Pink
Mrs.Pink .
Mrs.Pink
Mr.Blue; ,
Mr.Blue.
x y
. Mrs.Pink
Mr.Blue.
, ,
Mr. Blue, .
;
-.
,
.
!
, 0
x y.
Mrs.Pink
Mrs. Pink
Mr.Blue ;
x y .
, Mrs.Pink
[ ] [x] [ ] [y]
- .
, Mrs.Pink
,
.
.
( > x);
;
. Mrs.Pink
, Mr.Blue
.
Mrs.Pink
.
....
, Mrs.Pink
.
-:
Mr.Blue.
14-168
, [ ] [ ]
(+) (*).
= * ,
.
= 2*+2*,
.
= 3.14** , .
= 2*(3.14)*,
.
.
!
.
.
[14_07.sb]
Scratch,
.
!
. ,
. ,
. , ,
1number
2number.
1number,
2number.
. ,
. 1,
. , Scratch
2,
3,
. 4,
.
[ ]*[ ]
[ ]+[ ].
,
14-169
1)
0.
[] [-2];
2)
.
8)
.
3) 3
: 2 = 2 + 2.
[] []
9)
[],
4)
10)
. ,
5) .
1)
, ,
15 .
6) .
30. ,
, ..
.
3 1
. ,
. ,
.
.
15
7)
2) !
_.
40.
. , 34 40
: x_ = x_ + u * t .
14-170
.
3)
.
,
.
, 5 .
,
.
.
.
.
. .
,
. ,
.
14-171
14-172
15:
.....................................
:
15.1 Super Pong
15.1 !
15.3
15.4
15.5 Pacman
15.6
.....................................
.
:
1:
1)
, (
).
2)
( ):
, .
nature
);
lake.
; (
2:
Scratch
, .
; ;
,
, ,
&
.
.
15-173
( x )
x,
. ,
3:
. .
. ,
),
180
1 2.
things
Scratch.
.
.
. ; ,
,
;
( 90 270 )
;
( 1-4
),
.
.
-
; ;
;
15-174
1)
.
2)
,
.
; .
15-175
15.2 !
[15_02.sb]
Scratch
.
Scratch
.
,
.
Scratch!
,
)
(!) ) 0
Scratch(!). ,
, Scratch
,
.
. , ,
,
. ;
.
,
.
,
.
!
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
( ) .
.
.
15-176
()
.
:
.
.
.
:
.
:
,
.
: 4
,
.
.
. ,
,
.
.
1)
.
2)
3)
( .)
.
15-177
15-178
15. 3
[15_03.sb]
,
!
. ,
, .
!
, ,
, .
60'' .
.
WaterDrop effects
Scratch.
,
.
:
-,
, .
. ,
; ,
xy
.
15-179
, 60 .
. .
;
;
.
. :
60 ,
end .
:
.
,
.
2
.
.
,
, . .
.
-
.
things
Scratch! '
)!
, ,
,
.
:
60 .
mpoum
! !
60 .
;
15-180
.
. , ,
.
;
, y ,
start
Scratch.
. . . .
. . .
. x, y
-:
.
(),
( start, end), (
), 4
.
:
;
.
;
,
( Pop
effects
. .
),
, ,
,
,
.
.
1)
,
start. ' ,
15-181
2)
(..
20 ).
15-182
15.4
[15_04.sb]
, .
fish3 animals
Scratch.
(1 ).
(3 ).
(!).
(5 ).
, .
1 .
3 .
fish2
animals.
.
3 .
,
.
fish4
animals.
,
(..
bubbles (
).
Scratch)
underwater
nature Scratch.
,
15-183
. ,
. :
.
,
octobus1-a octobus1-b animals
: .
.
,
. . .
. . . .
5 .
. . .
(.. 0.01).
-
.
,
. fish1-a.
Scratch.
. . . %
20%.
15%.
; ,
20%.
(.. 1 ). ,
10%.
, ,
) .
, -
) .
(!) ,
) .
;
15-184
,
.
.
1 2
. :
x (240 -240),
(-90 90 ) y
.
:
.
,
. , ,
y.
,
,
. ,
, ,
. ,
shark-b
0.5
Scratch, ,
shark-b.
. ;
,
;
.
. ,
, : )
shark-c,
, , )
20 ( )
.
15-185
,
)
,
) .
:
,
. ;
0.
.
:
,
. ,
( !),
.
,
, ,
x
y
!
. ,
:
15-186
.
1)
.
!
2)
,
,
.
3) turbo-boost .
.
turbo-boost, 2
.
15-187
15.5
[15_05.sb]
...!.
(. ).
(!)
. ,
(!),
(space) .
,
.
, ,
, 0, 3 1 .
.
.
,
Scratch.
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
:
.
,
.
15-188
, ( )
.
. ,
.
,
.
;
,
.
,
( x x
) ( y
y ).
x/y ,
...!.
, y.
( ..
),
. ,
.
.
:
-,
.
15-189
, ,
rabbit1
Animals, Scratch. ,
Pop,
,
WaterDrop , ,
,
http://www.freesound.org
10. ,
10 . 10,
10 0!
, WaterDrop,
. ,
) Pop.
5, -5,
-1.
(
),
,
.
, .
,
10,
.
mod 0 10 0. ,
, 0
!
, ,
),
. ,
,
, -
, y
, x
().
, ,
-200,
(-217
). y
, (
).
15-190
,
. ,
,
. , 1,
,
.
,
( , ,
, ),
, ,
( )
.
().
15-191
3) (..
).
(..
+/- 10 )
.
.
, ,
.
,
.
.
.
1)
2 .
2) 2
2 .
15-192
15-193