Pronunciation

Rules


Yousef AlMulla
mullaya_98@yahoo.com
July 2007

54321

867

t, d, ch

h, l

vowel + r

gh

k, g

p, b

s, th, w

m, n

K
ph
z

I
W

G
U

E
T

C
S

A
Q


:
)(Syllables
((Word Stress

)(Sentence Stress

.


..






Consonant

Vowels

u
: y )(Semi-vowel

5





:
sh ..
th
ch ""
ph ..

..
h w ..wh
k n



)(

) (

.

y ) (Semi-vowel

) mt) meat ) mt) meet

.

read )rd) read

)rd) read


)(Homophones
bin been
bierbeer
buryberry
birthberth
buildbilled
bitebight
byte
blueblew
bore boar
boredboard
border boarder
borneborn
bowbough
bowl boll
buoy boy

ere heir air

) I'll (I will isle aisle
awl all
aloud allowed

alter altar
auntant
eightate
balebail
bawlball
bombbalm
bearbare
bassbase
beech beach
beetbeat
bee be


)(Homophones
cereal
serial
cheepcheap
chequecheck
Czech
choosechews
coralchoral
, site sightcite
clueclew
clime climb
clothesclose
coursecoarse
coin coign
kernelcolonel
complimentcomplement
corpscore

braze braise

breakbrake
bredbread
bridle bridal
buttbut
bye bybuy
cashcache
caulcall
capitolcapital
castecast
seed cede
sellcell
, sensor censer, censor

scent sentcent

10



)(Homophones

farefair
phasefaze
feetfeat
fined find
flareflair
fur fir
fleeflea
flue flu flew
flower flour
four fore for

fourth forth
fowlfoul
gate gait
guilt gilt
guerilla gorilla

counsel council
cozen cousin
creek creak
coocoup
kerb curb
current currant
damndam
deer dear
dissent descent
due dodew

discrete discreet
doughdoe
dundone
urn earn
feint faint

11


)(Homophones
it's it is its
joulejewel
quaykey
needknead
new knew
nightknight
not knot
no know
laidlade
lamb lam
led vlead n
leekleak
lienlean
lesson lessen
lyre liar

greatgrate
grizzlygrisly
grown groan
halehail
hare hair
haulhall
heart hart
herd heard
here hear
he'd = he would heed
hymn him

hire higher
wholehole
horse hoarse
our hour

12


)(Homophones
mourning morning

knead need
gnu knew new

nun none
knot not
ore or oar
won one
pale pail
pane pain
pare pair pear

piece peace
peek peak
pique
purr per
pier peer

lone loan
maid made
male mail
mane main
maul mall
mayor mare
mete meet meat
mien mean
mite might
minor miner
mined mind
mown moan
mowed mode
more moor
mousse moose

13


)(Homophones
rows rose
rote
wrote write
sail sale
seen scene
skull scull
see sea
seem seam
seize sees seas
cell sell
sheer shear
shoo shoe
sleigh slay
slow sloe
soul sole
sum some
sun son

plane plain
pole
pore poor
principle principal
prophet profit
reign rain
wrap rap
reed read
red read
reel real
wreak reek
wrest rest
rite right
write wright
rode ride road
roll role

14


)(Homophones
thrown throne
time thyme
tied tide
two too to
tun ton
vein vane vain

veil vale
vile vial
whale wale wail
wane wain
waste waist
weight wait
wave waive
where wear ware
worn warn

stayed staid
stare stair
steak stake
stationerystationary
steel steal
style stile
story storey
strait straight
suite sweet
tail tale
taut taught
tee tea
teem team
tier tear
turn tern
their there
through threw

15


)(Homophones
wort wart
weigh way
whey
wee we
week weak
wheel weal
whether weather
whet wet
witch which
wile while
wit whit
whose who's
would will wood
your yore
you're = you are
yolk yoke

16


Silent p

pneumonia
pseudonym
psychiatrist
psalm
...

corps
coup
cupboard
raspberry
receipt

mb

Silent b

debt
doubt
...
dumb
thumb
...
plumber
tomb
lamb
climb
bomb

s, -ed,-
-ing, -er

When is
mb pronounced?

mb

m-b
bombs
bombed
bombing
bomber

bom-bard
com-bine
crum-ble
dum-bo

17


Silent k

knee kneel
knelt
know knew
known
knowledge
knife knight
knot

Silent g

gnome
campaign reign
foreigner
sign design
resign

gn at end


s, -ed, -ing,-er

diaphragm

signs
signed
signing
signer

When is gn
?pronounced

gn
g-n

sig-nal
sig-nature
re-sig-na-tion

18


Silent t

castle whistle
catch watch kitchen
chestnut Christmas
fasten listen
often soften
mortgage mustn't

Silent d

handkerchief
handsome
Wednesday
ma'am = madam

Silent ch

yacht

ballet buffet chalet

crochet gourmet valet
depot debut
= 3
t

acts ducts students

19


Silent h

Silent l

ghetto ghost
heir honor
what when where why
while whether white
rhythm rhyme
Thomas Theresa
Oprah Hannah

calf half salve

balm calm palm psalm
chalk talk walk
could should would
colonel
folks
Lincoln
almond salmon

20


Silent m
mnemonic

Silent n
autumn
hymn
damn
solemn
column

When is mn
pronounced?
mn

m-n

dam-na-tion
au-tum-nal
hym-nal
so-lem-ni-ty

21


Silent s

Silent th

aisle island debris asthma

Arkansas Illinois

Silent w
answer sword
toward two

3
th =
:h wh

whole

clothes months depths who whom whose

lengths

:r wr
write wrote written
th:clothing cloth writing
wrap wrestle wrist

22


Silent gh
daughter slaughter
fraught ought to
haughty naughty

neighbor sleigh
weigh weight
straight

catch caught ... teach taught
buy bought ... bring brought
fight fought ... seek sought
think thought

(al)though
dough doughnut donut
borough boro thorough

bright light night

sigh sight
high height

through

bough plough
drought

plow

23


= r +

pr, br

fr, vr

tr

...

aspirin
temperature
opera
laboratory
deliberate

comfortable
different
every
beverage
favorable
favorite

documentary
elementary
interested
interesting

honorable
miserable

adjective only

separate

adjective only

24


Syllables

()Word Spelling
:

must

2
3
4
5

stu.dy
di.li.gent
a.na.ly.sis
du.ra.bi.li.ty

.y

25


Syllables


)pronunciation ( pr-nn's-'shn

Pronunciation Key

Syllables

26


Syllables

27


Syllables

total
stressed
syllables syllable

shape

PHO TO GRAPH

#1

#2

TO GRAPH ER

#3

GRAPH IC

28

word

PHO

PHO TO

Pronunciation Keys


:
)knife (nf
')exceed (k-sd
)general (jn'r-l

29


Pronunciation Keys
()

b
ch
d

f
g
h
hw

pat
pay
care
father
bib
child , rich
deed, milled
pet
bee
fife, phase, rough
gag
hat
which

pit

pie, by
r
pier
j
judge
k
kick, cat, pique
l
lid, needle
m mum
n
no, sudden
ng thing

pot

toe

caught , paw, for,

horrid,
hoarse
oi
noise

Reference: The American Heritage Dictionary

30


Pronunciation Keys
) (

v
valve
w with
y
yes
z
zebra, xylem, noise
zh vision, pleasure, garage

about, item, edible,

gallop,
circus
r butter
:

)
(

.

)
(
.

took

boot
ou out
p
pop
r
roar
s
sauce
sh ship, dish
t
tight, stopped
th thin
th this

cut
r urge, term, firm,
word,
heard

31

Reference: The American Heritage Dictionary


Sentence Stress

.
We want to go :

.
:
want / go

We WANT to GO :

32

)
(

hat , fat

()

heat ,
meat

)(

rate

)(

wait

33

y, i, e

)(

)
(

ch

34

cycle
city
center
channel
watch
chemistry
car , cut
back
Arabic

)
(

bed , web

bite , site

silent e

are

free

)(

meet

)(

eat , seat

e

i i )(

)(

35

)
(

36

go , bag

rough

zh

orange

)
(

sit

) i(
e

bite

)(

wait
Kuwaiti

37

)
(

n
n

38

key ,
check

silent k

know ,
knife

)
(

39

queen

)
(

e

ion

)(

40

sea , biscuit

sh

she , wash

noise

zhn

television

)
(

th

th

three

ion )(

shn

action

)(

chr

future

ur

41

tea
beat
the

)
(

)(
o

42

shut
fun

ou

shout
mouth

)
(

wet
beware

)(

ou

how
now

write

43

ph, xy,

)
(

ph

phase

X
y

xylem

44

bat/ establish

date/ hard

fast/ wolf

hate/ behave

)(

juice/ project

land/ reflect

man/ human

near/ and

) (

45

one/ lemon

)
)

pen/ paper

run/ remember

)
)

van/ five

mix/ sixteen

yes/ family

zero/ quiz

) (

46

) (

End
47