Gio n_Gii Bi Ton Trn My Tnh 2013

NG TH KIU NGUYN ON NH HNH Trang 1

Ngy son: 19/4/2013


Chng I
MT S KHI NIM C BN CA TIN HC

Bi 6: GII BI TON TRN MY TNH

I. MC TIU:
Kin thc:
Bit cc bc c bn khi tin hnh gii ton trn my tnh: xc nh bi ton, xy
dng v la chn thut ton, la chn cu trc d liu, vit chng trnh, hiu chnh, a ra
kt qu v hng dn s dng.
K nng:
Nm c ni dung c th cc bc cn thc hin khi gii mt bi ton trn my tnh.
Thi :
Rn luyn tnh khoa hc khi lm mt vic no : lp k hoch, lm theo k hoch.
II. CHUN B:
Gio vin: Gio n + bng v s khi ca thut ton tm UCLN.
T chc hot ng nhm.
Hc sinh: Sch gio khoa, v ghi. c bi trc.
III. HOT NG DY HC:
n nh t chc: Kim tra s s lp.
Kim tra bi c: (3)
Hi: Em hy so snh ngn ng my vi ngn ng bc cao ?
Chng trnh dch dng lm g?.
Ging bi mi:
TL Ni dung Hot ng ca Gio vin Hot ng ca Hc sinh
Hot ng 1: Cch xc nh bi ton v thut ton


25
Cc bc gii bi ton:
Bc 1: Xc nh bi ton
Bc 2: La chn hoc
thit k thut ton.
Bc 3: Vit chng trnh
Bc 4: Hiu chnh CT
Bc 5: Vit ti liu.



I. Xc nh bi ton:
Xc nh phn Input v
Output ca bi ton v mi
quan h gia chng. T
xc nh ngn ng lp trnh
v cu trc d liu mt cch
t vn : MT l cng c h
tr con ngi rt nhiu trong
cuc sng, nhng cho my
thc hin gii bi ton th ta phi
a li gii bi ton vo my
di dng cc lnh. Vy cc
bc gii mt bi ton l g?
GV c th ly mt bi ton
thc t (hoc ton hc) phn
tch.


H. Xc nh bi ton tc l cn
phi xc nh ci g?
Chia cc nhm tho lun v
gi i din cc nhm tr li












i din cc nhm tr li
+ Xc nh input v output

HS tr li
Gio n_Gii Bi Ton Trn My Tnh 2013

NG TH KIU NGUYN ON NH HNH Trang 2

thch hp.

II. La chn v thit k
thut ton
a) La chn thut ton:
Mi thut ton ch gii 1
bi ton, song mt bi ton
c th c nhiu thut ton
gii. Vy ta phi chn thut
ton ph hp nht trong
nhng thut ton a ra.



b) Din t thut ton:
Ta c th din t thut ton
bng cch lit k hoc bng
s khi.

V d: Tm UCLN (M, N)
* Xc nh bi ton.
Input: M, N nguyn dng
Output: UCLN(M,N).
* tng: S dng t/c
bit;
* Thut ton:
B1: Nhp M, N;
B2: Nu M = N th UCLN =
M; chuyn n B5;
B3: Nu M > N
th M = M N, quay li B2
B4: Nu M<N th
N = N M, quay li B2;
B5: a ra kt qu UCLN
ri kt thc.

H. Hy nhc li thut ton l g?

H. Vi mt bi ton c th c
bao nhiu thut ton gii? V
d: Xt bi ton "Tm UCLN
ca 2 s nguyn dng"

Thut ton ti u: L thut
ton c cc tiu ch sau : d
hiu, trnh by d nhn, thi gian
chy nhanh, tn t b nh.


GV hng dn HS thc hin
tng bc


H. Xc nh bi ton?


H. Nhc li tnh cht ca
CLN?


Cho mt nhm ln bng vit
thut ton bng cch lit k.

GV m t thut ton bng s
khi





. C th c nhiu thut ton
gii mt bi ton.
Tm UCLN c nhiu thut ton
+ dng hiu ca 2 s
+ dng thng ca 2 s










.
Input: M, N nguyn dng
Output: UCLN(M,N).
.
uCIN(H, N)
= _
H Nu H = N
uCIN(H, N H) Nu H < N
uCIN(HN, N) Nu H > N

Cc nhm tho lun ri a ra
cu tr li.



Hot ng 2: Cch vit chng trnh, Hiu chnh chng trnh,Vit ti liu


15
III. Vit chng trnh:
Vit chng trnh l tng
hp vic la chn cch t
chc d liu v s dng
ngn ng lp trnh din
t ng thut ton.
Khi vit chng trnh cn
chn ngn ng thch hp
vi thut ton. Vit chng
t vn : Ta c c thut
ton ca bi ton, cng vic tip
theo l phi chuyn i thut
ton sang chng trnh.

H. Hy nu cc ngn ng lp
trnh m em bit?









. Pascal, C,



Gio n_Gii Bi Ton Trn My Tnh 2013

NG TH KIU NGUYN ON NH HNH Trang 3

trnh trong ngn ng no th
phi tun theo qui nh ng
php ca ngn ng .

IV. Hiu chnh:
Sau khi vit xong chng
trnh cn phi th chng
trnh bng mt s b Input
c trng. Trong qu trnh
th ny nu pht hin sai st
th phi sa li chng
trnh. Qu trnh ny gi l
hiu chnh.

V. Vit ti liu:
Vit m t chi tit bi ton,
thut ton, chng trnh v
hng dn s dng

Ch : Cc bc trn c th
lp i lp li nhiu ln cho
n khi ta cho rng chng
trnh lm vic ng n
v hiu qu.



GV hng dn HS kim th
thng qua vic m phng thut
ton trn
Cho mt nhm m phng thut
ton, mt nhm tm theo cch
hc, ri i chiu kt qu.
Tm UCLN(25,35), UCLN(17,5)


Sau khi vit chng trnh
hon thin cng vic cn li l
vit ti liu m t thut ton,
chng trnh v hng dn s
dng chng trnh.









UCLN(25,35) = 5
UCLN(17,5) = 1














Hot ng 3: Cng c kin thc hc

2
Nhn mnh cc bc gii bi
ton trn my tnh, cch la
chn thut ton v vit chng
trnh.


4. BI TP V NH:
Bi 1, 2, 3 sch gio khoa.
c trc bi Phn mm my tnh Nhng ng dng ca tin hc
IV. RT KINH NGHIM, B SUNG:
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