25.1.

3 Two-dimensional solid element library

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25.1.3 Two-dimensional solid element library Products: Abaqus/Standard Abaqus/Explicit Abaqus/CAE

References

Solid (continuum) elements, Section 25.1.1 *SOLID SECTION

Element types

Plane strain elements CPE3 CPE3H(S) CPE4(S) CPE4H(S) CPE4I(S) CPE4IH(S) CPE4R CPE4RH(S) CPE6(S) CPE6H(S) CPE6M CPE6MH(S) CPE8(S) CPE8H(S) CPE8R(S) CPE8RH(S) 3-node linear 3-node linear, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear 4-node bilinear, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear, incompatible modes 4-node bilinear, incompatible modes, hybrid with linear pressure 4-node bilinear, reduced integration with hourglass control 4-node bilinear, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure 6-node quadratic 6-node quadratic, hybrid with linear pressure 6-node modified, with hourglass control 6-node modified, with hourglass control, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic 8-node biquadratic, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure

Active degrees of freedom

1, 2

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Additional solution variables

The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating to pressure, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have three additional variables relating to pressure. Element types CPE4I and CPE4IH have five additional variables relating to the incompatible modes. Element types CPE6M and CPE6MH have two additional displacement variables. Plane stress elements CPS3 CPS4(S) CPS4I(S) CPS4R CPS6(S) CPS6M CPS8(S) CPS8R(S)
Active degrees of freedom

3-node linear 4-node bilinear 4-node bilinear, incompatible modes 4-node bilinear, reduced integration with hourglass control 6-node quadratic 6-node modified, with hourglass control 8-node biquadratic 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration

1, 2
Additional solution variables

Element type CPS4I has four additional variables relating to the incompatible modes. Element type CPS6M has two additional displacement variables. Generalized plane strain elements CPEG3(S) CPEG3H(S) CPEG4(S) CPEG4H(S) CPEG4I(S) CPEG4IH(S) CPEG4R(S) 3-node linear triangle 3-node linear triangle, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear quadrilateral 4-node bilinear quadrilateral, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear quadrilateral, incompatible modes 4-node bilinear quadrilateral, incompatible modes, hybrid with linear pressure 4-node bilinear quadrilateral, reduced integration with

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hourglass control CPEG4RH(S) CPEG6(S) CPEG6H(S) CPEG6M(S) CPEG6MH(S) CPEG8(S) CPEG8H(S) CPEG8R(S) CPEG8RH(S) 4-node bilinear quadrilateral, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure 6-node quadratic triangle 6-node quadratic triangle, hybrid with linear pressure 6-node modified, with hourglass control 6-node modified, with hourglass control, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic quadrilateral 8-node biquadratic quadrilateral, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic quadrilateral, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic quadrilateral, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure

Active degrees of freedom

1, 2 at all but the reference node 3, 4, 5 at the reference node

Additional solution variables

The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating to pressure, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have three additional variables relating to pressure. Element types CPEG4I and CPEG4IH have five additional variables relating to the incompatible modes. Element types CPEG6M and CPEG6MH have two additional displacement variables. Coupled temperature-displacement plane strain elements CPE3T CPE4T(S) CPE4HT(S) CPE4RT CPE4RHT(S) 3-node linear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure

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CPE6MT CPE6MHT(S) CPE8T(S) CPE8HT(S) CPE8RT(S) CPE8RHT(S)

6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control 6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure

Active degrees of freedom

1, 2, 11 at corner nodes 1, 2 at midside nodes of second-order elements in Abaqus/Standard 1, 2, 11 at midside nodes of modified displacement and temperature elements in Abaqus/Standard
Additional solution variables

The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating to pressure, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have three additional variables relating to pressure. Element types CPE6MT and CPE6MHT have two additional displacement variables and one additional temperature variable. Coupled temperature-displacement plane stress elements CPS3T CPS4T(S) CPS4RT CPS6MT CPS8T(S) CPS8RT(S) 3-node linear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control 6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration

Active degrees of freedom

1, 2, 11 at corner nodes

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1, 2 at midside nodes of second-order elements in Abaqus/Standard 1, 2, 11 at midside nodes of modified displacement and temperature elements in Abaqus/Standard
Additional solution variables

Element type CPS6MT has two additional displacement variables and one additional temperature variable. Coupled temperature-displacement generalized plane strain elements CPEG3T(S) CPEG3HT(S) CPEG4T(S) CPEG4HT(S) CPEG4RT(S) CPEG4RHT(S) 3-node linear displacement and temperature 3-node linear displacement and temperature, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure 6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control 6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure

CPEG6MT(S) CPEG6MHT(S) CPEG8T(S) CPEG8HT(S) CPEG8RHT(S)

Active degrees of freedom

1, 2, 11 at corner nodes 1, 2 at midside nodes of second-order elements 1, 2, 11 at midside nodes of modified displacement and temperature elements 3, 4, 5 at the reference node
Additional solution variables

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The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating to pressure, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have three additional variables relating to pressure. Element types CPEG6MT and CPEG6MHT have two additional displacement variables and one additional temperature variable. Diffusive heat transfer or mass diffusion elements DC2D3(S) DC2D4(S) DC2D6(S) DC2D8(S)
Active degree of freedom

3-node linear 4-node linear 6-node quadratic 8-node biquadratic

11
Additional solution variables

None. Forced convection/diffusion elements DCC2D4(S) DCC2D4D(S)

Active degree of freedom

4-node 4-node with dispersion control

11
Additional solution variables

None. Coupled thermal-electrical elements DC2D3E(S) DC2D4E(S) DC2D6E(S) DC2D8E(S)

Active degrees of freedom

3-node linear 4-node linear 6-node quadratic 8-node biquadratic

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9, 11
Additional solution variables

None. Pore pressure plane strain elements CPE4P(S) CPE4PH(S) CPE4RP(S) CPE4RPH(S) 4-node bilinear displacement and pore pressure 4-node bilinear displacement and pore pressure, hybrid with constant pressure stress 4-node bilinear displacement and pore pressure, reduced integration with hourglass control 4-node bilinear displacement and pore pressure, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure 6-node modified displacement and pore pressure, with hourglass control 6-node modified displacement and pore pressure, with hourglass control, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, hybrid with linear pressure stress 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure stress

CPE6MP(S) CPE6MPH(S) CPE8P(S) CPE8PH(S) CPE8RP(S) CPE8RPH(S)

Active degrees of freedom

1, 2, 8 at corner nodes 1, 2 at midside nodes for all elements except CPE6MP and CPE6MPH, which also have degree of freedom 8 active at midside nodes
Additional solution variables

The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating to the effective pressure stress, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have three additional variables relating to the effective pressure stress to permit fully incompressible material modeling. Element types CPE6MP and CPE6MPH have two additional displacement variables and one additional pore pressure variable. Acoustic elements

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AC2D3 AC2D4(S) AC2D4R(E) AC2D6(S) AC2D8(S)

Active degree of freedom

3-node linear 4-node bilinear 4-node bilinear, reduced integration with hourglass control 6-node quadratic 8-node biquadratic

8
Additional solution variables

None. Piezoelectric plane strain elements CPE3E(S) CPE4E(S) CPE6E(S) CPE8E(S) CPE8RE(S)
Active degrees of freedom

3-node linear 4-node bilinear 6-node quadratic 8-node biquadratic 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration

1, 2, 9
Additional solution variables

None. Piezoelectric plane stress elements CPS3E(S) CPS4E(S) CPS6E(S) CPS8E(S) CPS8RE(S)
Active degrees of freedom

3-node linear 4-node bilinear 6-node quadratic 8-node biquadratic 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration

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1, 2, 9
Additional solution variables

None.
Nodal coordinates required

X, Y
Element property definition

For all elements except generalized plane strain elements, you must provide the element thickness; by default, unit thickness is assumed. For generalized plane strain elements, you must provide three values: the initial length of the axial material fiber through the reference node, the initial value of (in radians), and the initial value of (in radians). If you do not provide these values, Abaqus assumes the default values of one unit as the initial length and zero for and . In addition, you must define the reference point for generalized plane strain elements. Input File Usage: Use the following option to define the element properties for all elements except generalized plane strain elements: *SOLID SECTION Use the following option to define the element properties for generalized plane strain elements: *SOLID SECTION, REF NODE=node number or node set name Abaqus/CAE Usage: Property module: Create Section: select Solid as the section Category and Homogeneous or Generalized plane strain as the section Type Generalized plane strain sections must be assigned to regions of parts that have a reference point associated with them. To define the reference point: Part module: Tools
Element-based loading

Reference Point: select reference point

Distributed loads Distributed loads are available for all elements with displacement degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Distributed loads, Section 30.4.3. Load ID (*DLOAD): BX Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body force

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Units: FL3 Description: Body force in global X-direction. Load ID (*DLOAD): BY Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body force Units: FL3 Description: Body force in global Y-direction. Load ID (*DLOAD): BXNU Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body force Units: FL3 Description: Nonuniform body force in global X-direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit.

Load ID (*DLOAD): BYNU Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body force Units: FL3 Description: Nonuniform body force in global Y-direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit.

Load ID (*DLOAD): CENT(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: FL4(ML3T2) Description: Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as , where is the mass density per unit volume, is the angular velocity). Not available for pore pressure elements. Load ID (*DLOAD): CENTRIF(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Rotational body force

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Units: T2 Description: Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as Load ID (*DLOAD): CORIO(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Coriolis force Units: FL4T (ML3T1) Description: Coriolis force (magnitude is input as , where is the mass density per unit volume, is the angular velocity). Not available for pore pressure elements. Load ID (*DLOAD): GRAV Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Gravity Units: LT2 Description: Gravity loading in a specified direction (magnitude is input as acceleration). Load ID (*DLOAD): HPn(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: FL2 Description: Hydrostatic pressure on face n, linear in global Y. Load ID (*DLOAD): Pn Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Pressure Units: FL2 Description: Pressure on face n. Load ID (*DLOAD): PnNU Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: FL2 Description: Nonuniform pressure on face n with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in , where is the angular velocity).

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Abaqus/Standard and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit.

Load ID (*DLOAD): ROTA(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Rotational body force Units: T2 Description: Rotary acceleration load (magnitude is input as , where Load ID (*DLOAD): SBF(E) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: FL5T2 Description: Stagnation body force in global X- and Y-directions. Load ID (*DLOAD): SPn(E) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: FL4T2 Description: Stagnation pressure on face n. Load ID (*DLOAD): TRSHRn Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface traction Units: FL2 Description: Shear traction on face n. Load ID (*DLOAD): TRSHRnNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: FL2 Description: Nonuniform shear traction on face n with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD. is the rotary acceleration).

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Load ID (*DLOAD): TRVECn Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface traction Units: FL2 Description: General traction on face n. Load ID (*DLOAD): TRVECnNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: FL2 Description: Nonuniform general traction on face n with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD.

Load ID (*DLOAD): VBF(E) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: FL4T Description: Viscous body force in global X- and Y-directions. Load ID (*DLOAD): VPn(E) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: FL3T Description: Viscous pressure on face n, applying a pressure proportional to the velocity normal to the face and opposing the motion. Foundations Foundations are available for Abaqus/Standard elements with displacement degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Element foundations, Section 2.2.2. Load ID (*FOUNDATION): Fn(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Elastic foundation

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Units: FL3 Description: Elastic foundation on face n. Distributed heat fluxes Distributed heat fluxes are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Thermal loads, Section 30.4.4. Load ID (*DFLUX): BF Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body heat flux Units: JL3T1 Description: Heat body flux per unit volume. Load ID (*DFLUX): BFNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body heat flux Units: JL3T1 Description: Nonuniform heat body flux per unit volume with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX.

Load ID (*DFLUX): Sn Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface heat flux Units: JL2T1 Description: Heat surface flux per unit area into face n. Load ID (*DFLUX): SnNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: JL2T1 Description: Nonuniform heat surface flux per unit area into face n with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX. Film conditions

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Film conditions are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Thermal loads, Section 30.4.4. Load ID (*FILM): Fn Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface film condition Units: JL2T1 1 Description: Film coefficient and sink temperature (units of ) provided on face n. Load ID (*FILM): FnNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: JL2T1 1 Description: Nonuniform film coefficient and sink temperature (units of ) provided on face n with magnitude supplied via user subroutine FILM. Radiation types Radiation conditions are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Thermal loads, Section 30.4.4. Load ID (*RADIATE): Rn Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface radiation Units: Dimensionless Description: Emissivity and sink temperature (units of ) provided on face n. Distributed flows Distributed flows are available for all elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Pore fluid flow, Section 30.4.6. Load ID (*FLOW/ *DFLOW): Qn(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: F1L3T1 Description: Seepage (outward normal flow) proportional to the difference between surface pore

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pressures and a reference sink pore pressure on face n (units of FL2). Load ID (*FLOW/ *DFLOW): QnD(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: F1L3T1 Description: Drainage-only seepage (outward normal flow) proportional to the surface pore pressure on face n only when that pressure is positive. Load ID (*FLOW/ *DFLOW): QnNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: F1L3T1 Description: Nonuniform seepage (outward normal flow) proportional to the difference between surface pore pressures and a reference sink pore pressure on face n (units of FL2) with magnitude supplied via user subroutine FLOW.

Load ID (*FLOW/ *DFLOW): Sn(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface pore fluid Units: LT1 Description: Prescribed pore fluid effective velocity (outward from the face) on face n. Load ID (*FLOW/ *DFLOW): SnNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: LT1 Description: Nonuniform prescribed pore fluid effective velocity (outward from the face) on face n with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLOW. Distributed impedances Distributed impedances are available for all elements with acoustic pressure degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Acoustic and shock loads, Section 30.4.5.

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Load ID (*IMPEDANCE): In Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: None Description: Name of the impedance property that defines the impedance on face n. Electric fluxes Electric fluxes are available for piezoelectric elements. They are specified as described in Piezoelectric analysis, Section 6.6.3. Load ID (*DECHARGE): EBF(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body charge Units: CL3 Description: Body flux per unit volume. Load ID (*DECHARGE): ESn(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface charge Units: CL2 Description: Prescribed surface charge on face n. Distributed electric current densities Distributed electric current densities are available for coupled thermal-electrical elements. They are specified as described in Coupled thermal-electrical analysis, Section 6.6.2. Load ID (*DECURRENT): CBF(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body current Units: CL3T1 Description: Volumetric current source density. Load ID (*DECURRENT): CSn(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface current

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Units: CL2T1 Description: Current density on face n. Distributed concentration fluxes Distributed concentration fluxes are available for mass diffusion elements. They are specified as described in Mass diffusion analysis, Section 6.8.1. Load ID (*DFLUX): BF(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body concentration flux Units: PT1 Description: Concentration body flux per unit volume. Load ID (*DFLUX): BFNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body concentration flux Units: PT1 Description: Nonuniform concentration body flux per unit volume with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX.

Load ID (*DFLUX): Sn(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface concentration flux Units: PLT1 Description: Concentration surface flux per unit area into face n. Load ID (*DFLUX): SnNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface concentration flux Units: PLT1 Description: Nonuniform concentration surface flux per unit area into face n with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX.

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Surface-based loading

Distributed loads Surface-based distributed loads are available for all elements with displacement degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Distributed loads, Section 30.4.3. Load ID (*DSLOAD): HP(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Pressure Units: FL2 Description: Hydrostatic pressure on the element surface, linear in global Y. Load ID (*DSLOAD): P Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Pressure Units: FL2 Description: Pressure on the element surface. Load ID (*DSLOAD): PNU Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Pressure Units: FL2 Description: Nonuniform pressure on the element surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit.

Load ID (*DSLOAD): SP(E) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Pressure Units: FL4T2 Description: Stagnation pressure on the element surface. Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRSHR Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface traction

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Units: FL2 Description: Shear traction on the element surface. Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRSHRNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface traction Units: FL2 Description: Nonuniform shear traction on the element surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD.

Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRVEC Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface traction Units: FL2 Description: General traction on the element surface. Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRVECNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface traction Units: FL2 Description: Nonuniform general traction on the element surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD.

Load ID (*DSLOAD): VP(E) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Pressure Units: FL3T Description: Viscous pressure on the element surface. The viscous pressure is proportional to the velocity normal to the element surface and opposing the motion. Distributed heat fluxes Surface-based heat fluxes are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Thermal loads, Section 30.4.4.

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Load ID (*DSFLUX): S Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface heat flux Units: JL2T1 Description: Heat surface flux per unit area into the element surface. Load ID (*DSFLUX): SNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface heat flux Units: JL2T1 Description: Nonuniform heat surface flux per unit area applied on the element surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX. Film conditions Surface-based film conditions are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Thermal loads, Section 30.4.4. Load ID (*SFILM): F Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface film condition Units: JL2T1 1 Description: Film coefficient and sink temperature (units of ) provided on the element surface. Load ID (*SFILM): FNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface film condition Units: JL2T1 1 Description: Nonuniform film coefficient and sink temperature (units of ) provided on the element surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine FILM. Radiation types Surface-based radiation conditions are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Thermal loads, Section 30.4.4.

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Load ID (*SRADIATE): R Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface radiation Units: Dimensionless Description: Emissivity and sink temperature (units of ) provided on the element surface. Distributed flows Surface-based flows are available for all elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Pore fluid flow, Section 30.4.6. Load ID (*SFLOW/ *DSFLOW): Q(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: F1L3T1 Description: Seepage (outward normal flow) proportional to the difference between surface pore pressures and a reference sink pore pressure on the element surface (units of FL2). Load ID (*SFLOW/ *DSFLOW): QD(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: F1L3T1 Description: Drainage-only seepage (outward normal flow) proportional to the surface pore pressure on the element surface only when that pressure is positive. Load ID (*SFLOW/ *DSFLOW): QNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Not supported Units: F1L3T1 Description: Nonuniform seepage (outward normal flow) proportional to the difference between surface pore pressures and a reference sink pore pressure on the element surface (units of FL2) with magnitude supplied via user subroutine FLOW.

Load ID (*SFLOW/ *DSFLOW): S(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface pore fluid

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Units: LT1 Description: Prescribed pore fluid effective velocity outward from the element surface. Load ID (*SFLOW/ *DSFLOW): SNU(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface pore fluid Units: LT1 Description: Nonuniform prescribed pore fluid effective velocity (outward from the surface) on the element surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLOW. Distributed impedances Surface-based impedances are available for all elements with acoustic pressure degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Acoustic and shock loads, Section 30.4.5. Incident wave loading Surface-based incident wave loads are available for all elements with displacement degrees of freedom or acoustic pressure degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Acoustic and shock loads, Section 30.4.5. If the incident wave field includes a reflection off a plane outside the boundaries of the mesh, this effect can be included. Electric fluxes Surface-based electric fluxes are available for piezoelectric elements. They are specified as described in Piezoelectric analysis, Section 6.6.3. Load ID (*DSECHARGE): ES(S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface charge Units: CL2 Description: Prescribed surface charge on the element surface. Distributed electric current densities Surface-based electric current densities are available for coupled thermal-electrical elements. They are specified as described in Coupled thermal-electrical analysis, Section 6.6.2. Load ID (*DSECURRENT): CS(S)

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Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface current Units: CL2T1 Description: Current density applied on the element surface.
Element output

Output is in global directions unless a local coordinate system is assigned to the element through the section definition (Orientations, Section 2.2.5) in which case output is in the local coordinate system (which rotates with the motion in large-displacement analysis). See State storage, Section 1.5.4 of the Abaqus Theory Manual, for details. Stress, strain, and other tensor components Stress and other tensors (including strain tensors) are available for elements with displacement degrees of freedom. All tensors have the same components. For example, the stress components are as follows: S11 S22 S33 S12 Heat flux components Available for elements with temperature degrees of freedom. HFL1 HFL2 Heat flux in the X-direction. Heat flux in the Y-direction. , direct stress. , direct stress. , direct stress (not available for plane stress elements). , shear stress.

Pore fluid velocity components Available for elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom. FLVEL1 FLVEL2 Pore fluid effective velocity in the X-direction. Pore fluid effective velocity in the Y-direction.

Mass concentration flux components Available for elements with normalized concentration degrees of freedom. MFL1 MFL2 Concentration flux in the X-direction. Concentration flux in the Y-direction.

Electrical potential gradient Available for elements with electrical potential degrees of freedom.

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EPG1 EPG2

Electrical potential gradient in the X-direction. Electrical potential gradient in the Y-direction.

Electrical flux components Available for piezoelectric elements. EFLX1 EFLX2 Electrical flux in the X-direction. Electrical flux in the Y-direction.

Electrical current density components Available for coupled thermal-electrical elements. ECD1 ECD2 Electrical current density in the X-direction. Electrical current density in the Y-direction.

Node ordering and face numbering on elements

For generalized plane strain elements, the reference node associated with each element (where the generalized plane strain degrees of freedom are stored) is not shown. The reference node should be the same for all elements in any given connected region so that the bounding planes are the same for that region. Different regions may have different reference nodes. The number of the reference node is not incremented when the elements are generated incrementally (see Creating elements from existing elements by generating them incrementally in Element definition, Section 2.2.1).
Triangular element faces

Face 1 1 2 face Face 2 2 3 face Face 3 3 1 face

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Quadrilateral element faces

Face 1 1 2 face Face 2 2 3 face Face 3 3 4 face Face 4 4 1 face

Numbering of integration points for output

For heat transfer applications a different integration scheme is used for triangular elements, as described in Triangular, tetrahedral, and wedge elements, Section 3.2.6 of the Abaqus Theory Manual.

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