Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

S DNG MATLAB/SIMULINK M HNH HA V M PHNG B B TNH NHM GIM NH NH HNG CA L H QUANG N LI IN

MODELLING AND SIMULATION STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR BY MATLAB/SIMULINK FOR REDUCING IMPACTS OF EAF ON POWER SYSTEM SVTH: Hong Cng, L Thun Ha, L Thin Chin, Ng c Bnh
Lp 05DTD, 05D2 Khoa in, Trng i hc Bch Khoa

GVHD: ThS. Nguyn Kim nh

Khoa in, Trng i hc Bch Khoa
TM TT Cc tnh cht c trng ca l h quang in xoay chiu (EAF) cng nh nhng tc ng nghim trng ca chng n h thng in c nghin cu to c s la chn phng n khc phc mt cch hiu qu, c bit khi s lng EAF gia tng nhanh theo s pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip thp. Bi bo xt m hnh mt h thng in c ti l EAF trc v sau khi lp t thit b b tnh (SVC). Kt qu phn tch cho thy nhng tc ng tiu cc ca EAF n li in v tc dng SVC trong vic ci thin cht lng in. Tt c cc qu trnh u c m hnh ha v m phng trn Matlab/Simulink. ABSTRACT The characteristics of electric arc furnace (EAF) and their serious impacts on power system are studied in order to make effective improvement, especially when the number of EAFs is increasing quickly following steel industrial development. This paper proposes a model of power system with EAF load before and after installing of static var compensator (SVC). The results show the harmful impacts of EAF and the effects of SVC in improving power quality. Moreover, all of study process are modelled and simulated by Matlab/Simulink.

1. t vn Vi s tng trng mnh v kinh t, v c s h tng v cng nghip, Vit Nam cn mt lng thp rt ln p ng nhu cu ny. iu ny c ngha rng chng ta phi u t rt nhiu l h quang in mt chiu, xoay chiu v l trung tn. Tt c cc ph ti ny u c cng sut ln v gy ra rt nhiu vn cho h thng in. Do tnh cht vn hnh n gin, sut u t r v cng sut ln nn EAF c u t ph bin. N thng c di cng sut t 10MW n 140MW, dng in t 5kA n 150kA. Ngoi nhng li ch m EAF mang li, do tnh cht phi tuyn mnh ca c tnh dng p ca h quang (gi l c tnh VIC) lm cho chiu di h quang lin tc thay i, mt i xng gia cc in cc. Nguyn nhn ny dn n vic bm hi dng vo li in, gy mo v chp chn in p hay flicker, mt i xng i vi h thng in 3 pha v h s cng sut thp. Nhng yu t ny dn n cc vn nh: vn hnh khng ng nguyn tc cho h thng in, gi ha nhanh chng my bin p l v gy ri lon cc thit b tiu th in u ni vo im kt ni chung PCC (Point of Common Connection), tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti v phn phi, gy st p li, lm gim hiu sut lm vic ca l, tng tn hao in cc. Hin tng chp chn in p cn gy ra
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Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

hin tng tm l khng n nh cho o gic ca con ngi khi c s thay i thng lng nh sng t cc bng n theo s thay i mang tnh chu k ca dao ng in p. Trc khi thit k b b th bc u tin phi nh gi, d on c cc tc ng ca ti EAF v cc kt qu mong mun sau khi a b b vo hot ng. Trong trng hp ny m phng t ra l mt cng c rt hiu qu. N cho php xc nh cc thnh phn hi dng in, in p v flicker khi EAF hot ng. V sau khi lp t thit b b, tc dng ci thin c th hin r qua cc kt qu m phng. Bn cnh m phng bng Matlab/Simulink cn dng lp trnh cho b iu khin trung tm ca SVC. Cc ni dung trong bi bo da trn m phng EAF v SVC tin hnh t rong mi trng Matlab/Simulink. 2. L h quang in xoay chiu EAF 2.1. C s l thuyt L h quang s dng nhit nng chuyn t in nng nu chy kim loi. Trong sut qu trnh hot ng, tnh cht ngu nhin ca h quang v h thng iu khin in cc to ra cc hin tng sng hi, flicker v mt cn bng ti. c nhiu m hnh EAF da trn nhng phng php khc nhau c a ra, trong phng php min thi gian theo c tnh V-I n gin v thun li hn c khi m phng dng h quang c tnh cht phi tuyn v thay i theo thi gian. Vic xy dng thnh cng m hnh ba pha, th hin c hin tng flicker cng nh c xt n nh hng ca cng sut ngn mch li in l mt im mi l, lm cho cc kt qu m phng cng gn vi thc t. 2.2. M hnh ha v m phng EAF S m phng EAF c th hin trong hnh 4 i km vi b SVC. M hnh gm mt l h quang cng sut 50 MVA, h s cng sut 0.82 c cp in t ngun U(t) c cng sut ngn mch 1000MVA, t l X/R = 9. Xs, Rs ln lt l in khng v in tr ca ng dy, my bin p pha trc PCC. Xc, Rc l in khng v in tr ca ng dy, my bin p v cp dn mm t PCC n .
V% = 1.56% V

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Hnh 1. Kt qu m phng khi cha c SVC (a) Dng in v in p h quang cng in p ti PCC (b) Flicker ti PCC (c) Ph dng in h quang (d) Ph in p ti PCC

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Cc thng s c th c s dng trong m hnh: Um = 566(V), Rs = 5.28e-5 (), Ls = 1.243e-6 (H), Rc = 3.336e-4 (), Lc = 8.541e-6 (H). Kt qu phn tch ph, hnh dng dng v p ti im kt ni chung PCC cng nh hin tng flicker c th hin r trong hnh 1. Thnh phn bc mt trong cc hnh 1(c) v hnh 1(d) ng gi tr 100% c cho vt ra ngoi thang o c th thy r cc bc hi khc. Kt qu THD o ti im PCC ca dng in v in p l 5.7% v 4.45%. Cc gi tr ny vt qu quy nh v sng iu ha ca tiu chun IEEE Std 519. C th thy rng trong cc bc hi nh hng li in th bc 5 v bc 7 c bin ln hn c nn cn c bin php lc hai bc hi ny. Ngoi ra dao ng in p l 1.56% trong khong tn s 8 n 10Hz s gy nh hng n mt v cc thit b chiu sng.
Bng 1. Kt qu phn tch hi gy ra bi EAF khi cha c SVC

Loi Ipcc Uarc Upcc

THD (%) 5.7 54.57 4.45

Bc 1 (nh) 66.21 (kA) 368.4 (V) 530.6 (V)

Bc 3 (%) 0.18 44.45 0.30

Bc 5 (%) 4.30 26.09 2.66

Bc 7 (%) 1.90 17.79 2.42

Bc 9 (%) 0.04 13.04 0.26

Bc11 (%) 0.39 9.93 0.33

3. Xy dng b b tnh SVC 3.1. C s l thuyt SVC thuc h thng FACTS l thit b b song song, s dng ngun in iu khin dng cng sut v ci thin n nh ca li in. B SVC iu chnh in p ti im n c mc vo, bng cch iu khin lng cng sut phn khng c tiu th hay pht vo h thng. Khi in p gim xung n s pht cng sut phn khng vo h thng v ngc li. Lng cng sut phn khng c iu khin bng vic ng m h thng cc t in v cun khng c mc vo pha th cp ca my bin p. i vi SVC loi FC-TCR th s lng cc t c gi c nh, cn cc cun cm c iu khin ng m bng h thng Thyristor. c tnh V-I ca SVC chia lm ba vng lm vic c m t bi cc phng trnh:
V Vref Xs * I

(-BCmax < B < 0) (B = -BCmax) (B = 0)

(1) (2) (3)

V
I

I BCmax
0

Hnh 2. c tnh V-I ca SVC

Khi dung dn ca SVC nm trong vng gii hn bi 0 v BCmax th in p c iu chnh ln cn gi tr in p tham chiu Vref v ng c tnh ca SVC s c dc nh hnh 2.

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3.2. M hnh ha h thng SVC Trong m hnh ny, h thng SVC c mc song song vi EAF bao gm 2 b FC1, FC2 (Fix Compensator) cng sut ln lt l 12MVAr v 6MVAr c chc nng b cng sut phn khng v lc sng hi bc 5 v 7. B TCR cng sut 18MVAr nhm iu chnh lng cng sut b cn thit. Khi SVC Controller c nhim v iu khin vic ng m van cho TCR. Khi iu khin ny c 4 khi con: Khi Mesurement System: o lng in p phn hi v ly in p ng b cp cho khu pht xung. Khi Voltage Regulator: iu chnh in p bm theo in p t. Khi Distribution Unit: tnh ton gc m alpha cho cc thyristor, nhm pht ng cng sut cn b. Khi Firing Unit: pht xung kch m cho cc thyristor ng thi im tng ng vi gc alpha.

Hnh 3. S khi b iu khin TCR

4. M hnh ha v m phng h thng gm SVC v EAF Sau khi a vo hot ng nh trong m hnh hnh 4 tc dng ca b SVC c th hin rt r rng. Hi in p ti im kt ni chung gim t 4.45% xung 0.57% trong khi hi dng in t 5.7% xung cn 2.13%. Kt qu cho thy hi dng in gim i mt V % na v hi in p gim gn nh hon ton. ng thi V = 0.012%, flicker khng cn nh hng nhiu n li in. Do SVC l mt s la chn hp l cho EAF v nhng ti c tnh cht tng t bi nhng u im c th hin trn.

Hnh 4. M hnh ha h thng SVC v EAF

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Bng 2. Kt qu phn tch hi gy ra bi EAF sau khi a SVC vo

Loi Ipcc Uarc Upcc

THD (%) 2.13 45.1 0.57

Bc 1(nh) 47.42 (kA) 413.5 (V) 542.4 (V)

Bc 3 (%) 0.76 35.59 0.17

Bc 5 (%) 0.40 20.30 0.11

Bc 7 (%) 0.62 13.34 0.25

Bc 9 (%) 0.18 9.28 0.05

V % = 0.012% V

Bc11 (%) 0.69 6.63 0.11

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Hnh 5. Kt qu m phng khi a SVC v hot ng (a) Dng in v in p ti PCC cng in p h quang (b) Flicker ti PCC (c) Ph dng in h quang (d) Ph in p ti PCC

Kt lun Phn u ca bi bo xy dng thnh cng mt m hnh l h quang ba pha vi y cc tnh cht c trng nh: khng cn bng, in tr h quang phi tuyn mnh v bin i theo thi gian. Da vo kt qu m phng c th nh gi v phn tch c mc nh hng ca EAF n li in. Trong phn tip theo, b b tnh loi FC-TCR c thit k cho h thng ny. Khi b b c lp t vo h thng th nh hng ca EAF gim i r rt. Hi dng in v c bit l hi in p gim ng k, hin tng flicker cng b trit tiu. iu cho thy s ng n khi chn b b tnh loi FC -TCR cho EAF v nhng ti c tnh cht tng t. ng thi phng php m phng chng minh y l mt cng c hu hiu trong vic thit k v la chn v th nghim cc loi b b. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] PGS. TS. Bi Quc Khnh, KS. Nguyn Kim nh (2009), Thit k b lc tch cc cho vic gim hi dng in v b cng sut phn khng cho ngun l nu thp cm ng, Tp ch KH & CN, i hc Nng, ISN 1859-1531, s 4(33), tr. 35-42. [2] G. Manchur, C.C. Erven (1992), Development of a model for predicting flicker from

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electric arc furnaces, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, (1/1992), Vol. 7, No. 1. [3] R. Hooshmand, M. Banejad, M. Torabian Esfahani (2008), A new time domain model for EAF, Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 195-202. [4] Xiao-Ping Zhang, Christian Rehtanz, Bikash Pal (2006), Flexible AC Transmission Systems: Modelling and Control, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Printed in Germany. [5] Sun Yusheng (Zhengzhou University of Light Industry) (2008), Research on ThreeLevel Hysteresis-Band Current Tracking Control of Single-Phase DC/AC Converter, Electrotechnical Application. [6] Wu Chunhua Zhang Yi Cui Kaiyong Chen Guocheng Chen Weimin Xiao Peng (Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China) (2009), Control Strategy for SingleStage Three-Phase Boost-Type Grid-Connected Inverter, Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society.

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