Mng thng tin di ng s cellular

MN HC K THUT VIN THNG

Xun Din in t 8 Kho 48 H Ni 3/2007

Lch s v ng dng

1920s dng cho nghip v cnh st bng tn 2 MHz Sau CTTG II xut hin TTD dn dng 1946 AT&T cung cp dch v TTD thc s. 1960s knh TTD c di thng 30KHz v iu ch FM ti 450MHz .Nng hiu sut ln 4 ln. 1971 h thng cellular ra i, FM, tn 850 MHz.

Lch s v ng dng

u im:

S dng li tn s v cng sut pht ca trm BTS nh. S dng k thut iu ch tin tin, hiu qu s dng tn s cao. Gim t l tin tc bo hiu, dnh t l ln cho tin tc ngi s dng. p dng m ho knh v m ho ngun ca truyn dn s. H thng chng nhiu knh chung v nhiu knh k hiu qu hn. iu khin ng vic cp php knh lin lc lm cho tng hiu qu s dng tn s Iu khin truy nhp v chuyn giao hon ho. Dung lng tng, din tch cell nh i, chuyn giao nhiu knh hn.

c im ca mng TTD s cellular

1 Nguyn l cellular 2 Truyn sng v qun l v tuyn 3 Cu trc mng TTD s cellular .4 Tnh ton truyn sng TTD s cellular 5. Mt s thng s v mng cellular gms

1 Nguyn l cellular

1 Nguyn l cellular

1.1 Nguyn l cellular

(Khi mt MS chuyn dng ra ngoi vng ca no, no phi c chuyn giao lm vic vi BTS ca mt cell lin k m n hin ang trong vng ph sng.)

1 Nguyn l cellular

Nguyn l c bn khi thit k h thng t ong l cc mu s dng li tn s. S dng li tn s l s dng cc knh v tuyn cng mt tn s mang ph sng cho cc vng a l khc nhau. Cc vng ny phi cch nhau mt c ly ln mi nhiu giao thoa ng knh ( c th xy ra) chp nhn c. Nu ton b s knh quy nh N c chia lm F nhm th mi nhm s cha N/F knh.

1 Nguyn l cellular

ngha ca vic chia nh cell.

Khi s thu bao tng ln, s knh tn c sn khng cn p ng lu lng tng ln na th phi chia nh cell. Nu quy hoch li tn s sao cho m bo mi cell nh sau khi chia tch c cng dung lng nh cell trc khi tch. Thit k quy hoch li. Chuyn mi cell mi vo thi gian it ngi lin lc di dng. C th nht thi tch cell p ng s tng dung lng nht thi. Vic ny thc hin nh my tnh.

Chia tch cell th no.

i vi mng CDMA: Tt c cc sng mang s dng mt tn s sng mang duy nht. Tn s sng mang ny c s dng mi , mi sector trn mng. V vy dung lng mng CDMA ln hn rt nhiu so vi dung lng ca AMPS v cc cng ngh khc v s ngi s dng trong mt sector ca h thng CDMA tng ng vi s ngi s dng trn ton b mt knh CDMA 1.25 Mhz

1 Nguyn l cellular

Mng phi theo di MS lin tc xc nh MS ang trong cell no.

MS phi thng bo cho PLMN mi khi MS chuyn sang cell mi.(S cp nht MS nh vy l mc cell. Khi c cuc gi n MS th BTS pht sng thng bo qung b trong phm vi 1 cell) Thng bo tm gi c pht trong tt c cc cell ca PLMN.(Do khng cn s bo co c mt ca MS ti cell no) Ngi ta dung ho 2 phng n trn, s dng vng nh v

1 Nguyn l cellular

(Mi phn cp qun l lnh th gm mt s nhm cell lin thng nh hn ton b lnh th m PLMN qun l. Do MS chuyn ng t cell ny sang mt cell khc th n khng cn phi thng bo g cho PLMN, nu n chuyn sang vng nh v mi th n phi thng bo cho PLMN v vng nh v mi m n ang .)

1 Nguyn l cellular

C 5 phng php truy nhp vo knh vt l

FDMA TDMA CDMA PDMA(a truy nhp phn chi theo cc tnh) SDMA(a truy nhp phn chia theo khng gian)

2 Truyn sng v qun l v tuyn

TTD cellular i mi hin nay s dng tn s t 800 Mhz tr ln. Suy hao trn thng tin di ng t l vi d4. Thc t cc trm pht BTS v BT u thc hin iu chnh t ng cng sut pht my thu lun nhn c cng sut cn thit. Xy ra hin tng fading nn cn phi d tr fading. Trong TTD hiu ng Doppler th hin thnh tri ph Doppler

2 Truyn sng v qun l v tuyn

Hin tng Doppler

Khi vn tc my mobile di chuyn v tng, bin tn hiu thu c tr nn rt r rt v hiu ng kp doppler ln cc thnh phn tn hiu a lung thu c cng c nh hng ln tn hiu nhn, trong kp Doppler tnh theo

Fd=v/ cos() : trong l gc ti ca hng n

2 Truyn sng v qun l v tuyn

Cc loi fading

Fading nhanh ( fading thi gian ngn)

y l loi fading rt nhanh ( Khong cch nhnh l bc sng) xy ra khi anten mobile nhn tn hiu gm nhiu tia phn x. Tn hiu tng hp gm nhiu sng c bin v pha khc nhau nn n c tn hiu thay i bt k, nhiu khi chng cn trit tiu ln nhau. Fading nhanh gy ra hin tng ting n. C bin phn b theo phn b Rayleigh nn cn c gi l fading Rayleigh.

2 Truyn sng v qun l v tuyn

Cc loi fading

Fading chm

Loi fading ny do hiu ng che khut bi cc vt che chn ca a hnh xung quanh gy nn. N c phn b chn xung quanh mt gi tr trung bnh nu ta ly logarit cng tn hiu. Do vy ngi ta gi l fading loga chun. nh hng ca fading ny l lm gim kh nng ph sng ca my pht. chng fading ny ngi ta s dng khong d tr my pht. Khong d tr ny ph thuc vo lch tiu chun thng c gi thit l 4-8 dB.

2 Truyn sng v qun l v tuyn

Cc loi fading

Fading Rician

Khi thnh phn trc tip ca tn hiu mnh hn cng vi nhng tn hiu khng trc tip yu hn cng ti my thu th ti y fading nhanh vn cn xy ra nhng tn hiu s khng sc nt. ng bao fading c dng phn b Rician. Dng fading ny xy ra phn ln mi trng vng nng thn, microcellular hay picrocellular.

2 Truyn sng v qun l v tuyn

Suy hao do truyn sng l

C=R-

2<<5 ;

l hng s;

Fading :

Xy ra hin tng fading nhanh vi mc thng ging tn hiu trong phm vi 40 dB

S m rng thi gian tr. Suy hao do tm nhn thng v khng thng

3 Cu trc mng thng tin di ng s cellular

AUC ISDN VLR PSPDN MSC OSS BSC BTS MS BSS
ISDN : Intergated Service Digital network PSPDN: Packet switching public Data Network CSPDN: Circuit Swtched Public Data Network PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network

H thng chuyn mch EIR

HLR

CSPDN PSTN

PLMN

3 Cu trc mng thng tin di ng s cellular

Trm MS: gm thit b mobile ME v SIM GSM, MS c chia thnh 5 loi theo cng sut nh danh nh
nh sau:

Loi Loi Loi Loi Loi

1 2 3 4 5

20W 8W 5W 2W 0.8 W

Lp trn xe v xch tay Lp trn xe v xch tay Cm tay Cm tay Cm tay

H thng trm c s BSS gm BTS v BTC. Phn h vn hnh v h tr (OSS): OSS to ra cc chc nng cho vn hnh v qun l mng. Trung tm vn hnh v bo tr mng thc hin mi chc nng quan trng cn thit iu khin v qun l mng

i vi s qun l ca mng GSM, OSS hot ng theo cc hnh thc sau:

S qun l thu bao di ng S qun l mng Cellular iu khin chung

3 Cu trc mng thng tin di ng s cellular

HLR( Home Lucation Register) cha thng tin v thu bao nh cc dch v m thu bao chn la v cc thng s nhn thc. VLR( Visitor Location Register) cp nht b ghi nh v tm tr cng chuyn ti HLR. EIR ( Equipment Indentity Register) Cha s liu phn cng ca thit b. c ni vi MSC qua mt ng bo

3 Cu trc mng thng tin di ng s cellular

3 Cu trc mng thng tin di ng s cellular

Phn cp cu trc ca mng di ng cellular

3 Cu trc mng thng tin Hi! How are you! di ng s cellular

BSS MSC

BTS HLR

3 Cu trc mng thng tin di ng s cellular

Khi cha c cuc gi MS phi lng nghe thng bo tm cuc gi. Mt cuc gi lin quan n MS, yu cu h thng cho php MS truy nhp n h thng nhn c mt knh. Th tc truy nhp c thc hin trn mt knh c bit theo hng t MS n trm gc. Knh c cp pht l knh dnh ring.

3 Cu trc mng thng tin di ng s cellular

4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di ng cellular.

Cn tr li 3 cu hi khi thit k.

Trong gi cao im h thng c th phc v bao nhiu ngi? H thng c th chp nhn bao nhiu thu bao? H thng cn bao nhiu knh tn s?

4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di ng cellular.

Cc vn lin quan tnh ton

1. Knh s dng li tn s. 2. Gim can nhiu knh chung 3. m bo t s C/I 4. C ch chuyn giao 5. Tch cell ang c thnh cc cell nh hn.

4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di ng cellular.

S cuc gi c i.

Lu lng mun truyn A=QiT/60 erlang

Knh s dng li tn s.

T s D/R K= i2 +ij+j2

N l s cc i knh tn s ca mi cell. Q s cuc gi cc i trong 1h/1cell T thi gian trung bnh 1 cuc gi Vi xc sut nghn cho tra bng erlang B ta tnh c N

4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di ng cellular.

q= D/R s quyt nh can nhiu knh chung, khi q tng th can nhiu s gim Ki l s cell dng chung tn s vi cell xt.

C D f Ki , I

4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di ng cellular.

C I 1

q
k 1

k1

Dk qk R

4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di ng cellular.

4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di ng cellular.

C ly dng li tn s

C ly dng li tn s D ph thuc vo nhiu yu t

S cell dng li tn s xung quanh cell o c im a l ca vng Chiu cao anten Cng sut pht

K=4 K=7 K=12 K=19

D=3.46 R D=4.6 R D=6 R D=7.55 R

4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di ng cellular.

C ly D dng li tn s ph thuc

S cell dng li tn s xung quanh cell trung tm ang xt c im a l ca vng ph sng Chiu cao Anten Cng sut pht D=(3K)1/2.R Gim yu t can nhiu.

4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di ng cellular.

C ch chuyn giao.

Khi cuc gi ang c thit lp m MS dch chuyn ngy cng xa trm pht. Cn phi chuyn giao sang cell bn.

4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di ng cellular.

Thit b ca h thng cellular

Anten: Mu anten, gc nghing anten, tng ch anten u nh hng n c im ca h thng cellular. Tnh phng hng ca anten phi kt hp c tnh a l Thit b chuyn mch: Dung lng ca thit b CM trong h thng TTD cellular ph thuc nhiu hn c vo dung lng b x l iu khin chuyn mch. TBCM c cu trc modul c th d dng m rng. ng truyn s liu: ng truyn s liu phc v bo hiu trong mng. ng truyn s liu c t chc trong mng theo cc chun mng s liu

Outgoing Call
MS sends dialled number to BSS 2. BSS sends dialled number to MSC 3,4 MSC checks VLR if MS is allowed the requested service.If so,MSC asks BSS to allocate resources for call. 4 MSC routes the call to GMSC 5 GMSC routes the call to local exchange of called user 7, 8, 9,10 Answer back(ring back) tone is routed from called user to MS via GMSC,MSC,BSS
1.

Incoming Call

1. Calling a GSM subscribers 2. Forwarding call to GSMC 3. Signal Setup to HLR 4. 5. Request MSRN from VLR 5. Forward responsible MSC to GMSC 6. Forward Call to current MSC 7. 9. Get current status of MS 8. 11. Paging of MS 9. 13. MS answers 10.15. Security checks

Handovers

Between 1 and 2 Inter BTS / Intra BSC Between 1 and 3 Inter BSC/ Intra MSC Between 1 and 4 Inter MSC

5. Mt s thng s v mng cellular gms

GMS nguyn thy

Hai bng tn rng 25 Mhz di tn 900 Mhz MS pht ln 890-915 MHz BTS pht xung 935-960 MHz 25Mhz/125 knh =200kHz/ knh c nh s t 0-124 F ul =890 + 0.2*n ( Mhz) F dl = Fup(n) +45 (Mhz)

5. Mt s thng s v mng cellular gms

E-GMS

M rng thm mi bng tn 10 Mhz( 50 knh tn s) F ul =890 + 0.2*n ( Mhz) vi 0<=n<=124 F ul =890 + 0.2*(n-1024) ( Mhz) vi 975<=n<=1024 F dl = Fup(n) +45 (Mhz)

5. Mt s thng s v mng cellular gms

PCN-1800 ( Personal communication network)

F ul(n) =1710+ 0.2*(n-511) ( Mhz) vi 1710<=n<=1785 F dl = Fup(n) +95 (Mhz) C 374 knh c nh s t 512-885

5. Mt s thng s v mng cellular gms

PCS-1900

F ul(n) =1710+ 0.2*(n-512) ( Mhz) vi F dl = Fup(n) +80 (Mhz) n c nh s t 512-885

5. Mt s thng s v mng cellular gms

Mc cng xut pht v tuyn trong GSM Cc i cng xut Cp cng Cc i cng

xut
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

ca MS (dBm)
20 W (43) 8W(39) 5W(37) 2W(33) 0.8(29)

xut ca MS (dBm)
320 W (55) 160 W (52) 80 W (49) 40 W (46) 20 W (43) 10 W (40) 5 W (37) 2.5 W (34)

5. Mt s thng s v mng cellular gms

Mc cng xut pht v tuyn trong DCS1900 Cp cng Cc i cng xut Cc i cng xut ca MS (dBm) xut ca MS (dBm)

1 2 3 4

1 W (30) 0.25W(24) 2W(33)

20-40W (43-46) 10-20 W (40-43) 5-10 W (37-41) 2.5-5 W (34-37)

6. Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di dng.

Xu th chung ca cng ngh di ng l phi p ng ngy cng cao v cht lng, tnh thun tin, gi c, tnh a dng dch v ca ngi s dng. Trong tin trnh pht trin ln cng ngh khng dy th h 3G ni ln 2 hng pht trin theo 2 tiu chun chnh c ITU-T cng nhn l CDMA 2000 v W-CDMA. Chu u i theo hng GMS GPRS EDGE W-CDMA Bc M, Hn Quc, Trung Quc v mt s nc khc i theo hng IS 95A IS-95BCDMA2000 m bc u l CDMA1x Ring Nht Bn th h pht trin mng PDC ca mnh theo c 2 hng W-CDMA v CDMA2000

6. Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di dng.

GSM GPRS EDGE PDC IS-95B CDMA IS-95A CDMA2000 CDMA 20001xEV 4G W-CDMA

GSM Global System for Moblile Communication PDC Personal Digital Cellular