Tp ch Khoa hc v Pht trin 2012: Tp 10, s 2: 330 - 339 TRNG I HC NNG NGHIP H NI

NGHIN CU CNG NGH KHAI THC DU THC VT T HT CI DU

Study on the Procesing Techniques of Vegetable Oil from Canola Seeds
Nguyn Th Hong Lan1, Bi Quang Thut2, V c Chin2, L Bnh Hong2, Nguyn Th nh Tuyt3 Khoa Cng ngh thc phm, Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Trung tm Du, Hng liu v Ph gia thc phm, Vin Cng nghip thc phm 3 Sinh vin K52 Bo qun ch bin nng sn, Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni a ch email tc gi lin lc: hoanglan27@yahoo.fr Ngy gi bi: 14.02.2012 Ngy chp nhn: 17.04.2012
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TM TT
Nghin cu c thc hin trn ging ci du TP3 Hpro vi hm lng du 41,99% nhp khu t c c trng trong v ng xun 2010-2011 ti H Giang nhm mc ch la chn phng php khai thc du ph hp vi iu kin thit b, cng ngh Vit Nam v ti u ha cc thng s k thut ca quy trnh. p kit mt ln l phng php thch hp nht c la chn khai thc du. Cc thng s k thut ca quy trnh cng ngh c kho st la chn thng s thch hp nng cao hiu sut tch du v cht lng du. Cc iu kin ti u ca quy trnh l kch thc bt nghin 1,0 mm; bt nghin c a vo chng nhit 1000C vi thi gian 50 pht. Bt ht ci sau khi gia m em sy nhit 900C trong thi gian 12 pht. Sau sy, bt ht ci c a vo thit b p v c n nhit nhit 550C trc khi i vo my p. Nng sut p 9 kg/gi. Du ht ci thu c c xp vo loi du salad c gi tr dinh dng cao do trong thnh phn khng cha axit erucic, hm lng cc axit bo cn thit a ni i omega-3 v omega-6 tng i cao (19,2%). T kha: Ci du, du ht ci, cng ngh, hiu sut p.

SUMMARY
The study was carried out on the canola (Brassica napus L.) cv. TP3 Hpro, in order to select the processing method most suitable to the technological facilities available in Vietnam and to optimize the processing techniques. The canola seeds of TP3 Hpro (with 41.99% oil content) introduced from Australia were sown in 2010-2011 winter-spring season in Ha Giang province. Expeller pressing, where raw materials are squeezed under high pressure in a single step, is the most suitable method that could be easily implemented in Vietnam to extract oil from the canola seeds. The main processing factors were examined in order to enhance the oil extraction yield and oil quality. The optimised processing conditions are listed as follows. The seeds were crushed to coarse powder with particle size of 1 mm. The powder was then steamed at 100C for 50 min, followed by a drying step at 90C for 12 min. After that, the powder was placed in the pressing equipment and was acclimatised at 55C before being pressed. The pressing capacity was 9 kg of powder per hour. The canola oil obtained was classified as salad oil with high nutritional values since it does not contain erucic acid, yet has relatively high levels (19.2%) of essential unsaturated fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6. Keywords: Canola, canola oil, techniques, pressing yield

1. T VN
Cy ci du (Brassica napus L.) l cy c kh nng cho hm lng du cao v c trng kh ph bin nhiu nc trn th 330

gii. Ht ci du c cha khong 40% du thc vt v kh b thu c sau khi p c cha mt lng ln protein (26-30%). Du ht ci c nh gi l loi du n rt tt cho sc khe nh s kt hp cn bng gia t

Nghin cu cng ngh khai thc du thc vt t ht ci du l cht bo bo ha thp cha n 7% (thp nht trong cc loi du c ngun gc t thc vt), t l cht bo khng bo ha n cao (61%), lng cht bo khng bo ha a va phi (32%) trong c cha axt omega 3 cn thit nh axt alpha-linolenic v axit bo omega 6 nh axt linoleic c li cho sc khe. Theo Delplanque v cs. (2004), du ht ci c vai tr quan trng trong vic ci thin tnh trng thiu omega 3 trong khu phn n ca con ngi. Axit alpha linolenic (ALA) c tm thy trong du ht ci c kh nng h thp lng cholesterol c hi LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), bo v nhng t bo tim khng tham gia vo hot ng nhanh ca tim gip gim nguy c t t (Hans v cs., 2008) v lm gim lng m trong mu (Nahla v cs., 1999). Nm 2006, FDA (Food and Drug Aministration) Hoa K khuyn co ngi dn nn dng 1,5 mung canh du ht ci trong thc phm hng ngy gip gim nguy c bnh tim mch bng cch h thp lng cholesterol c hi LDL. Nm 2008, trong tng lng du thc vt c tiu th trn th gii th du ci chim 15% (gn 20 triu tn), ng hng th ba sau du c (32%), du u nnh (30%) (World Vegetable Oil Consumption, 2009). Tng din tch ci du trn th gii trong nm 2007 l 30.234.863 ha vi nng sut bnh qun l 1637 kg/ha, trong Trung Quc, n v Canada c din tch trng ci du chim khong 64% din tch ci du ca th gii (FAO-Stat, 2009). Vi c tnh chng chu tt vi thi tit bt li, t nm 1993 cy ci du c trng th nghim tnh H Giang v c nh gi cao v gi tr kinh t, c kh nng tr thnh cy trng ch o v ng xun cc vng i ni v cao nguyn nc ta gp phn nng cao hiu qu s dng t ti vng ni , ng thi to thm vic lm, tng thu nhp cho ng bo cc dn tc. V ng xun 2006 - 2007, thu ng 2007, ng xun 2007 - 2008 v thu ng 2008, mt s ging ci du nhp khu t c v Trung Quc c trng nghin cu s thch nghi, tuyn chn ging cng vi mt s bin php canh tc c thc hin bi Nguyn Th Lin Hoa v cs. (2009). Kt qu nghin cu tuyn chn c 3 ging ti Lm ng c nng sut ht bnh qun cao (2550 - 2900 kg/ha) v nng sut du cao (1060 - 1190 kg/ha) vi thi gian sinh trng 90 n 122 ngy. Sn La, tuyn chn c 2 ging c nng sut ht 1690-1930 kg/ha v nng sut du 710-820 kg/ha, hm lng du trong ht t t 36 - 43% tnh theo trng lng kh. Ci du ha hn tr thnh vng nguyn liu mi cho nng sut v cht lng cao trong tin trnh pht trin ngnh du thc vt Vit Nam cng nh gp phn nng cao hiu qu s dng t v thay i c cu cy trng ti Lm ng v cc tnh vng ni pha Bc nc ta. Ngy nay, nhu cu tiu th du thc vt trn u ngi Vit Nam khng ngng tng. Nhm p ng c yu cu sn xut du thc vt bng ngun nguyn liu t sn xut trong nc, gim bt mc l thuc vo vic nhp khu du thc vt t nc ngoi, bn cnh vic nghin cu chn ging p dng khoa hc k thut nng cao nng sut, pht trin vng nguyn liu th cn phi nghin cu la chn quy trnh cng ngh khai thc du thch hp. Hin nay, nc ta cha c nhiu cng trnh cng b v cng ngh ch bin ht ci du tr thnh sn phm hng ha c gi tr kinh t cao. La chn phng php khai thc du ht ci thch hp v ti u ha cc yu t k thut ca phng php xy dng c quy trnh cng ngh khai thc du ht ci ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam l mc tiu ca nghin cu ny. 331

Nguyn Th Hong Lan, Bi Quang Thut, V c Chin....

2. VT LIU V PHNG PHP

2.1. Vt liu 4 ging ci du nhp khu t c trng trong v ng xun 2010-2011 ti H Giang: TP1 HL-1, TP2 H-B1, TP3 Hpro, TP4 HA1. 2.2. Phng php nghin cu

2.2.1. Phng php cng ngh

Nghin cu c tin hnh theo 3 phng php : Phng php p kit mt ln (PP1), phng php p kit 2 ln (PP2) v phng php trch ly bng n-hexan (PP3). Phng php p kit mt ln c thc hin nh sau : Nguyn liu ht ci du c nghin mn n kch thc 1,0 mm trn my nghin a sau em chng (gia m) 45 pht, nhit chng l 1000C v sy 900C trong 15 pht. Tip nguyn liu c p trn thit b p cng sut 10kg/h. Du ht ci sau p c ly tm tc 3.500 vng/pht trong thi gian 15 pht tch cn. Phng php p kit 2 ln thc hin tng t nh p kit mt ln vi cng thit b v cc thng s ca bt chng sy, sau kh du ht ci c a tr li thng tip liu p ln 2. Phng php trch ly c tin hnh bng cch ngm nguyn liu trch ly c nghin mn n kch thc 1,0 mm trong dng dung mi n - hexan chuyn ng. Nhit trch ly l 600C, s ln trch ly l hai ln, thi gian trch ly ln 1 l 3 gi, ln 2 l 2 gi, tc quay 40 vng/pht; t l nguyn liu/dung mi l 1/11 (1/6+1/5). Dch trch ly c lc v ui sch dung mi trn thit b bc hi bn mng nhit khong 600C thu nhn du ht ci.

khi chn c gi tr thch hp ca nhn t th gi tr ny c s dng cho cc nghin cu tip theo. iu kin tin hnh nghin cu ban u l ht ci du c nghin mn v c chng nhit 1000C, thi gian chng 45 pht, nhit sy 900C, thi gian sy 15 pht. p trn thit b p vi nhit p 600C, nng sut p 10kg/h. Sau khi p, du c ly tm tch cn. Nghin cu nh hng ca kch thc bt nghin n hiu sut p du c tin hnh vi 3 kch thc 1,2 mm; 1,0 mm, v 0,8 mm. nghin cu nh hng ca thi gian chng bt nghin n hiu sut p du tin hnh chng bt nghin vi cc thi gian chng khc nhau l 40 pht, 45 pht, 50 pht, 55 pht. Nghin cu nh hng ca nhit sy n hiu sut p du thc hin sy nguyn liu l bt ht ci du chng vi cc nhit sy khc nhau ln lt l 800C, 850C, 900C v 950C. xc nh nh hng ca thi gian sy n hiu sut p du th nghim c tin hnh cc thi gian sy l 10 pht, 12 pht, 15 pht. Th nghim v nh hng ca nhit p n hiu sut p du c tin hnh vi cc nhit p l 44; 50; 55; 60; 650C. Th nghim xc nh nh hng ca nng sut p n hiu sut p du c tin hnh cc nng sut p: 6, 7, 8, 9 v 10 kg/gi. Hiu sut khai thc du c xc nh theo cng thc:

m1.100 % m2

trong : X : Hiu sut thu nhn du so vi lng du trong nguyn liu (%). m1: khi lng du thu c (g) m2: khi lng du c trong nguyn liu (g)

2.2.2. Phng php xc nh nh hng cc yu t cng ngh n hiu sut p du ht ci

S dng phng php thay i mt nhn t, cc nhn t khc gi nguyn, sau 332

Nghin cu cng ngh khai thc du thc vt t ht ci du Bng 1. Cht lng ht nguyn liu mt s ging ci du (% cht kh)
Ch tiu phn tch TP1 HL-1 Nit tng s Khong tng s Hm lng du Axit Linolenic (C18:3, omega-3) 34,60 1,02 39,65 0,48 Ging ci du TP2 H-B1 37,80 1,87 36,74 0,73 TP3 Hpro 33,93 2,96 41,99 2,01 TP4 HA1 38,69 2,46 42,80 1,75

2.3. Cc ch tiu nghin cu Xc nh hm lng du trong nguyn liu bng phng php Shoxlet; Hm lng Nit tng s c xc nh bng phng php Kjeldhal; Hm lng khong tng s c xc nh bng phng php nung mu n trng lng khng i trong l nung 500 - 600oC; Ch s axt c xc nh bng phng php chun dng dung dch KOH 0,1N; Xc nh thnh phn axt bo ca du theo phng php AOCS Cele-91. S liu th nghim c x l thng k bng chng trnh IRRISTAT 4.0 v Microsoft Excel.

3. KT QU V THO LUN
3.1. nh gi cht lng cc ging nguyn liu Mi loi ci du khc nhau c cht lng khc nhau ph thuc vo tng ging, vng t thm canh, iu kin kh hu v k thut canh tc. la chn nguyn liu cho cht lng du tt nht, mt s ch tiu v ht nguyn liu c phn tch l 4 ging ci du TP1 HL-1, TP2 H-B1, TP3 Hpro, TP4 HA1 nhp khu t c c trng trong v ng xun 2010 - 2011 ti H Giang. S liu bng 1 cho thy hm lng du ca hai ging TP3 Hpro v TP4 HA1 cao hn so vi cc ging nhp khu t c v

Trung Quc gieo trng trong v ng xun nm 2007-2008 ti Lm ng (Nguyn Th Lin Hoa v cs, 2009). c bit ging TP3 Hpro c hm lng omega-3 cao nht (2,01%). Omega - 3 c tc dng trong vic lm h cholesterol v m trong mu, nga hin tng mu b ng cc, nga nghn mch vnh v gip iu ha nhp tim, nh trnh c nguy c t qu (Hooper v cs., 1998). Tuy nhin, trong khu phn n ca con ngi thng thiu loi axit bo ny v c th ngi khng t tng hp c v n khng sn c trong thc phm tr mt s loi c nh c trch, c ng. Vic la chn ging ci du TP3 HPro (c) lm nguyn liu nghin cu cng ngh khai thc du ht ci s gp phn a dng ha ngun thc phm giu omega-3 cho con ngi. 3.2. La chn phng php khai thc du ht ci T nguyn liu l cc loi ht c du, ty theo hm lng du c trong nguyn liu v mc ch s dng du thnh phm, kh b m p dng cc phng php khai thc khc nhau. la chn c phng php khai thc du ht ci ph hp cn phi da vo hiu qu khai thc du ngha l phi xem xt hiu sut v cht lng du thu c ng thi phi tnh n chi ph sn xut. 333

Nguyn Th Hong Lan, Bi Quang Thut, V c Chin.... Bng 2. Kt qu khai thc du ht ci bng cc phng php khc nhau
Phng php khai thc PP1 PP2 PP3 Hiu sut khai thc du (%) 76,90 81,52 87,80 Cht lng ca du ht ci Ch s axit (mgKOH/g du) 1,18 1,20 1,94 Ch s peroxyt (meqO2/kg du) 2,88 3,01 2,18

Phng php trch ly (PP3) cho hiu sut khai thc cao nht (87,80%) v cao hn so vi phng php p kit 1 ln hoc 2 ln (PP1 v PP2). Tuy nhin, xt v chi ph sn xut cho mt n v sn phm, phng php p kit mt ln t gi tr kinh t cao hn hn. So vi phng php p kit mt ln, phng php p kit hai ln phi p thi gian di gp i, khi p ln 2 vn phi gia nhit cho kh b nn chi ph cho cng on p cao gp i m hiu sut p tng ln khng ng k (4,62%). Phng php trch ly (PP3) tiu tn mt lng dung mi kh ln, dung mi s dng trong trch ly du Vit Nam kh t do phi nhp ngoi (80.000VN/lit), ngoi ra trch ly cn i hi trang thit b hin i v thi gian di (5 gi so vi p kit mt ln l 1,5 gi). Hin nay trn th gii gn 90% sn lng du thc thc vt c sn xut bng phng php p do phng php ny c u im vt tri: thao tc n gin, chi ph thp v an ton cao. Mt khc, phng php p kit mt ln ph hp vi trnh cng ngh v thit b Vit Nam. V vy, xt v hiu qu kinh t, phng php p kit mt ln (PP1) l phng php thch hp nht cho vic khai thc du ht ci. 3.3. nh hng ca cc yu t cng ngh n qu trnh khai thc du ht ci

3.3.1. nh hng ca kch thc bt nghin n hiu sut p du

Trong cc ht c du, du ch yu tp trung nhn, phn b trong cc khe vch t bo, trong cc ng vi m v v m. N lin kt 334

bn vng vi thnh phn k nc. V vy, vic nghin ht thnh bt nhm ph v cu trc t bo nguyn liu cha du gii phng du dng t do v khi p du d dng thot ra. Kch thc cc ht bt nghin cng nh, chiu di khuch tn ca nc v thi gian truyn nhit vo khi bt nghin trong qu trnh chng sy cng ngn, b mt tip xc gia cc phn t bt nghin vi nc, hi trc tip, hi gin tip cng ln, do hiu qu ca qu trnh chng sy s tng ln. Nghin cu tin hnh kho st cc kch thc bt nghin 0,8 mm; 1,0 mm, v 1,2 mm. Theo kt qu phn tch thng k th kch thc bt nghin khc nhau c nh hng khc nhau n hiu sut p du mc ngha = 5%. kch thc bt nghin 1,0 mm hiu sut p du t cao nht (Hnh 1A). Bt nghin kch thc 1,2 mm cho hiu sut p du thp hn (73,52%) do mc ph v t bo thp, du c gii phng ra ngoi t hn, kch thc ht ln nn khi lm m hi nc cha kp khuch tn vo trung tm dn n m ca bt chng sy khng ng u, kh nng trng n km v nhng bin i cn thit trong qu trnh chng sy cha t. Tuy nhin khi nghin bt ti kch thc 0,8 mm hiu sut p du li gim (73,29%) do kch thc cc ht bt qu nh. Khi chng sy bt khng xp, nhit v nc kh tip xc vi nguyn liu nn d sinh ra vn cc lm cho vic chng sy khng ng u. Mt khc trong qu trnh p di tc dng ca p lc p cc ht bt qu nh b y xt vo nhau lm tc cc ng mao dn khin du kh thot ra ngoi. Kch thc bt nghin 1,0 mm c la chn trong trong cc nghin cu tip theo.

Nghin cu cng ngh khai thc du thc vt t ht ci du

Hnh 1. nh hng ca kch thc (A) v thi gian chng bt nghin (B) n hiu sut p du

3.3.2. nh hng ca thi gian chng bt nghin n hiu sut p du

Khi p du bng phng php ngui, tc l dng bt sng p, hiu sut thu hi du s rt thp, nhiu trng hp p khng ra du, nht l i vi cc nguyn liu t du. Chng sy l qu trnh gia cng nhit, cho bt tip xc vi nhit v hi nc nhm to s bin i ha l lm bin i mt s tnh cht ca du v phn ho nc, to iu kin cho qu trnh p t hiu sut cao. Trong giai on chng (gia m) bt s ht nc v trng n, tuy nhin bt chng khng c lm cho trng n hon ton m ch c lm m n m nht nh. Khi lng nc lm m trong bt chng u trng thi hp th v hydrat ca mt h keo c cc. iu ny lm cho bt c s kt dnh vi nhau v to sc ht du t cc ng vi m ra ngoi, to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh p. t c hiu sut p du cao cn la chn thi gian chng sao cho cc ht qu m c thi gian truyn nc ca n cho cc ht kh hn, nc t b mt cc ht c phn tn vo ni tm ca n. Qu trnh chng c tin hnh cc khong thi gian khc nhau l 40, 45, 50 v 55 pht. Hnh 1B cho thy khi chng trong 50 pht hiu sut p du t cao nht (79,15%) do bt ht m t n trng n thch hp. Trong thi gian chng 40, 45 pht, bt ht nc cha trng n, bt kh v cc bin i cn thit xy ra cha t dn n mi lin kt gia du v phn ho nc cha c lm yu n cn thit nn khi p du

kh thot ra hn. Khi tng thi gian chng ln 55 pht, bt ht nc trng n gn nh hon ton gy dnh bt trong qu trnh p, du kh thot ra nn hiu sut thu hi du thp (77,4%). Do , thi gian chng l 50 pht c chn cho cc nghin cu tip theo.

3.3.3. nh hng ca nhit sy n hiu sut p du

Nguyn liu sau khi chng c m cao cn sy n m thch hp thun li cho cng on p du. Trong qu trnh sy, di tc dng ca nhit cao v s khuy trn c hc, hi nc bc ln lm th tch ht bt nghin gim, bt tr nn do v xp hn, du thot ra b mt bt nghin tr nn linh ng. Nhit sy bt nghin thng nm trong khong bc hi ca hi nc nhng khng c cao qu v c th gy nh hng n cht lng du. Tin hnh sy bt ci du c kch thc nghin 1,0mm sau khi chng 50 pht cc nhit sy khc nhau: 800C, 850C, 900C v 950C, thi gian sy l 15 pht sau em p v tnh hiu sut p du. nhit sy 800C hiu sut p du thp nht 76,08% (Hnh 2A) do m nguyn liu cn cao, bt cha t tnh xp khi p vn cn dnh bt. Khi tng nhit sy ln 900C, hiu sut p du t cao nht (79,12%). Nu tip tc tng nhit ln 950C bt b sy kh qu mt tnh do, khi p b ng bnh chc, du kh thot ra ngoi. V vy, nhit sy bt chng l 900C c chn cho cng ngh khai thc du bng phng php p thu c hiu sut du ht ci cao nht. 335

Nguyn Th Hong Lan, Bi Quang Thut, V c Chin....

Hnh 2. nh hng ca nhit sy (A) v thi gian sy bt (B) n hiu sut p du

3.3.4. Nghin cu nh hng ca thi gian sy n hiu sut p du

Thi gian sy c nh hng rt ln n hiu sut p du cng nh cht lng du. Th nghim tin hnh p du vi kch thc bt nghin 1,0mm, chng bt nghin trong 50 pht, sau bt chng c sy 900C trong nhng khong thi gian khc nhau: 10 pht, 12 pht, 15 pht. thi gian sy ngn (10 pht), bt sy vn cn t, khng t tnh xp v khi p cn b bt, hiu sut t thp nht (76,08%). Khi sy trong thi gian 12 pht bt tr nn xp, do, khi p cho hiu sut thu hi du cao (81,01%). Sy ko di thi gian 15 pht bt b kh, cng km do v hiu sut p gim xung 78,99 %. Nu tip tc sy trong thi gian lu hn na bt c th b chy kht. V vy thi gian sy bt ht ci chng l 12 pht 900C thch hp nht cho cc nghin cu tip theo

3.3.5. nh hng nhit p n hiu sut p du

Nhit p chnh l nhit ca nguyn liu c gia nhit khi i vo lng p v gi n nh trong sut thi gian p. Yu t cng ngh ny c nh hng ln ti hiu sut p v cht lng sn phm. Tin hnh p ti cc mc nhit 45; 50; 55; 60; 650C vi cc thng s k thut ca bt chng sy c la chn trn. Hnh 3A cho thy khi nhit p cao, nht ca du gim, du tr nn linh ng hn nn hiu sut p du tng ln. Tuy nhin khi tng nhit p 600C cht lng du ht ci bt u c s bin i (quan st thy mu ca du tr nn sm hn) trong khi hiu sut p tng khng nhiu. Nhit p 550C hiu sut p tng i cao, t 81,92% m cht lng du ht ci m bo yu cu c la chn cho cc nghin cu tip theo.

Hnh 3. nh hng ca nhit p (A) v nng sut p (B) n hiu sut p du 336

Nghin cu cng ngh khai thc du thc vt t ht ci du

3.3.5. nh hng nng sut p n hiu sut p du

Kt qu nghin cu cho thy nng sut p v hiu sut p du t l nghch vi nhau (Hnh 3B). Hiu sut p nng sut 6 kg/gi t cao nht (84,17%) nhng nu p tc ny th thi gian p s ko di, hao tn v nng lng v gim nng sut lao ng. Hiu sut p nng sut 8 kg/gi v 9 kg/gi tng i cao v khng khc nhau mc ngha =0,05 nn khi xt v hiu qu kinh t, nng sut p thch hp cho qu trnh p

du ht ci l 9 kg/gi. T cc kt qu nghin cu xc nh cc iu kin thch hp cho qu trnh p du ht ci, quy trnh cng ngh khai thc du ht ci c th hin s 1.

3.4. nh gi cht lng du ht ci

nh gi nhanh v tng i v cht lng ca du thc vt ngi ta thng da vo mu sc v cc ch s ha l c trng ca du. V vy, sn phm du ht ci thu c t kt qu nghin cu c em phn tch cc ch tiu cht lng ny.

Ht ci du

Nghin, qua ry 1,0 mm

Chng 1000C, 50 pht

Sy 900C, 12 pht

Kh b

p (nhit p: 550C, nng sut p: 9 kg/gi)

Cn

Ly tm

ng bao b v bo qun

Du ht ci

S 1. Quy trnh cng ngh khai thc du ht ci

337

Nguyn Th Hong Lan, Bi Quang Thut, V c Chin.... Bng 3. Kt qu phn tch cht lng ca du ht ci
TT 1 2 3 4 Ch tiu cht lng Mu sc m Ch s axt Ch s peroxyt n v tnh % mg KOH/g meqO2/kg Kt qu Mu vng sng 0,3 1,14 2,03 Gii hn cho php 1,0 10,0 20,0

Bng 4. Thnh phn axit bo ca du ht ci

TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Palmitic (C16:0) Stearic (C18:0) Oleic (C18:1) Linoleic (C18:2) Linolenic (C18:3) Arachidic (C20:0) Eicosenoic (C20:1) Tn axit bo Thnh phn axit bo (%) 6,06 2,32 72,59 13,71 5,31 Vt Vt

S liu bng 3 cho thy du ht ci c mu sc t nhin ca du, c ch s axit v peroxyt u nm trong gii hn cho php, t tiu chun cht lng du s dng trong thc phm. Tuy nhin nh gi chnh xc cht lng v gi tr ca sn phm du ht ci thu c theo quy trnh cng ngh ny cn phi phn tch xc nh thnh phn axit bo ca chng (Bng 4). Kt qu cho thy thnh phn chnh ca du ht ci l axit bo oleic 72,59%. Hai thnh phn c gi tr cao l axit linoleic (omega-6) v axit linolenic (omega-3) c hm lng tng i cao: 13,71% v 5,31%. So vi cc ging trng th nghim ti Lm ng ca Nguyn Th Lin Hoa v cs. (2009), du c cht lng tt hn v trong du khng tn ti axit erucic, mt cht c i vi con ngi v cc sinh vt khc. Nh vy, du ht ci 338

trong nghin cu c xp vo loi du salad, c gi tr dinh dng cao.

4. KT LUN
Nghin cu la chn c phng php ph hp vi trnh cng ngh v thit b Vit Nam cho qu trnh khai thc du t ht ci du l phng php p kit mt ln. Quy trnh cng ngh khai thc du ht ci theo phng php ny cho hiu qu p du t 82,98% vi cc thng s k thut ti u l kch thc bt nghin 1,0 mm; thi gian chng bt 50 pht; nhit sy bt chng l 900C trong thi gian sy 12 pht; nhit p 550C; nng sut p 9 kg/gi. Du ht ci thu c theo quy trnh cng ngh ny c cht lng cao, t cc ch tiu cht lng s dng trong thc phm, khng cha axit erucic c bit l hm lng axit linolenic

Nghin cu cng ngh khai thc du thc vt t ht ci du (omega-3) tng i cao c vai tr quan trng i vi sc khe con ngi. Delplanque B., N. Combe and J. Fenart (2004). Face aux besoins et la ralit des consommations, quelles sont les spcificits des diffrentes sources dacides gras omga 3 disponibles. Olagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides. Volume 11, Numro 2, p 103-108. FAO Start (2009). Ikisan, Crop information, Soils and Climate World Vegetable Oil Consumption. (2008). Hans S. , D. Francesca, F. Marco and M. Giorgio (2008). Canola oil decreases cholesterol and improves endothelial function in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Artery Research. Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 67-73. Hooper L., R. Thompson., R. Harrison et al (2006). Risks and benefits of omega 3 fats for mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer: systemstic review. British Medical Journal; 332:752-760. Nahla H. B., A. Karine and H. Zuheir (1999). Effects of dietary canola, olive, and linolenic acid enriched olive oils on plasma lipids, lipid peroxidation and lipoprotein lipase activity in rats Nutrition Research, Volume 19, Issue 4, p 601-612.

TI LIU THAM KHO

B Cng Thng (2009). Bo co tng hp d n Quy hoch pht trin ngnh du thc vt Vit Nam n nm 2020, tm nhn n nm 2025. V Th o, o Th Nguyn (1999). Nghin cu cng ngh ch bin ht ci du. Bo co tng kt ti cp B. Nguyn Th Lin Hoa, Nguyn Hi, Nguyn Hi Ninh, Thn Th Hng, o Th Ngc Lan (2009). Nghin cu tuyn chn ging v mt s bin php canh tc thch hp cy ci du vng cao Vit Nam. Tp ch Khoa hc v pht trin, Tp 7, s 5, tr. 595-603. Nguyn Th Lin Hoa, Nguyn Vit Thng, Nguyn ng Chinh, L Vn Sang, inh Vit Ton v L Giang Linh (2009). Nghin cu tuyn chn ging v mt s bin php canh tc cy ci du phc v mc tiu pht trin vng nguyn liu cho nghnh du thc vt. Bo co nghim thu ti hi ng khoa hc B Cng Thng, 46 tr.

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