Write down, in any form, the five complex numbers which satisfy the equation z 5 1 = 0 .

. Hence show that the five complex numbers which satisfy the equation k (1 + z )5 (1 z )5 = 0 are i tan , where k = 0,1, 2, 3, 4 . 5

z5 1 = 0 z5 = 1
z=
2 k i e 5 ,k

= 0,1, 2, 3, 4
5 5

To solve (1 + z ) (1 z ) = 0 , we take the following steps.

Steps 1 & 2:
1+ z 1+ z 1 = 0 =1 1 z 1 z
5 5

Step 3:
1+ z We use the substitution to replace z. 1 z So 1+ z =e 1 z
2 k i 5 ,k
5

= 0,1, 2, 3, 4

Step 4: (a) Make z the subject.

1 + z = (1 z )
2 k i e 5

2 k 2 k i i 5 = e 5 1 z 1 + e
2 k i e 5

z=

2 k i 1+ e 5

(b)

Use the polar form representation of complex numbers, i.e. ei = cos + i sin . cos

2k 2 k + i sin 1 5 5 z= 2 k 2 k + i sin 1 + cos 5 5

(c)

Use trigonometric identities to simplify further. Recall: cos 2 = 2 cos 2 1 = 1 2sin 2 and sin 2 = 2sin cos

k k 2 k cos 1 2sin + i 2 sin 1 5 5 5 z= k k k 1 + 2 cos 2 cos 1 + i 2sin 5 5 5 k k k 2sin 2 + i 2 sin cos 5 5 5 z= k k k 2 cos 2 + i 2sin cos 5 5 5 k k k 2sin + i cos sin 5 5 5 i z= k k k i 2 cos + i sin cos 5 5 5 [ Introduce i, since the final expression has it. ] k k sin + i cos k 5 5 z = i tan k k 5 sin i cos 5 5 k z = i tan , k = 0,1, 2, 3, 4 (shown) 5