567 Bài BĐT Hay Và Khó

Nguyen Duy Tung 567 Nice And Hard Inequalities ====================================== ==============================================
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IF A if a, b, c re positive rel numersD then
a b c + + b c a
a2 + 1 + b2 + 1
b2 + 1 + c2 + 1
c2 + 1 . a2 + 1
Avet a, b, c, d e positive rel numersFrove tht
a2 bd b2 ca c2 db d2 ac + + + 0. b + 2c + d c + 2d + a d + 2 a + b a + 2 b + c
SolutionX
Afy guhyEhwrz9s inequlityD e hveX
a2 + b2
(a2 + 1) (b2 + 1) a2 + b2 (ab + 1)
= ab a2 + b2 + a2 + b2 ab a2 + b2 + 2 a + b = b = a a2 + b2 ab a2 + 1 + b2 + 1 b2 + 1 a2 + 1
a2 + b2 + 2 (a2 + 1) (b2 + 1)
fy gheyshev9s inequlityD e hve
a2 = b2
herefore
a2 + b2 + 1 1+ 1+2
a2 b2 (b2 + 1) a b
2
a2 + b2 + 1 a + b b2 + 1 a2 + 1 a2 + 1 b2 + 1
2
b2 = b2 (b2 + 1) b a + + a2 b2 a2 + 1 b2 + 1
a2 + 1 . b2 + 1
=1+2 a2 + 1 + b2 + 1
=
herefore
1+
a b c + + b c a
s requireF Axotie tht
a2 + 1 + b2 + 1
b2 + 1 + c2 + 1
c2 + 1 a2 + 1
2a2 + b2 + d2 + 2c(b + d) 2(a2 bd) +b+d= b + 2c + d b + 2c + d 2 2 (a b) + (a d) + 2(a + c)(b + d) = (1) b + 2c + d

end similrlyD
2(c2 db) (c d)2 + (c b)2 + 2(a + c)(b + d) +b+d= (2) d + 2a + b d + 2a + b sing guhyEhwrz9s inequlityDwe get (a d)2 (c d)2 [(a b)2 + (c d)2 ] + (3) b + 2c + d d + 2a + b (b + 2c + d) + (d + 2a + b)
Q
(a d)2 (c b)2 [(a d)2 + (c b)2 ]2 + (4) b + 2c + d d + 2a + b (b + 2c + d) + (d + 2a + b) 2(a + c)(b + d) 2(a + c)(b + d) 8(a + c)(b + d) + (5) b + 2c + d d + 2a + b (b + 2c + d) + (d + 2a + b)
prom @IAD@PAD@QAD@RA nd @SAD we get
2(
or
c2 db (a + c b d)2 + 4(a + c)(b + d) a2 bd + )+b+d = a + b + c + d. b + 2c + d d + 2a + b a+b+c+d
a2 bd c2 db a+cbd + b + 2c + d d + 2a + b 2 sn the sme mnnerDwe n lso show tht b2 ca d2 ac b+dac + c + 2d + a a + 2b + c 2

nd y dding these two inequlitiesDwe get the desired resultF inqulity holds if nd only if a = c nd b = dF PD vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht
a+b+c=1
rove tht the following inequlity holds
bc ca 3 ab + + 1 c2 1 a2 1 b2 8
SolutionX prom the given ondition he inequlity is equivlent to

4ab 3 a2 + b2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) 2
ut from guhy hwrz inequlity
4ab a2 + b2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) = a2 ab ab + 2 + ab + bc + ca b + ab + bc + ca ab (b + c)(a + b)
ab + (a + b)(a + c) =
a(b + c)2 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
hus e need prove tht
3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 2

whih redues to the ovious inequlity
a(b + c)2
ab(a + b) 6abc
he Solution is ompletedFwith equlity if nd only if
a=b=c=
R
1 3
yr e n use the ft tht
4ab a2 + b2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) = = 1 2 ab + 2a(b + c) 1 2
4ab (2ab + 2ac) + (2ab + 2bc) ab 2b(a + c)
b a + b+c a+c b c + b+c b+c = 3 2
QD vet a, b, c e the positive rel numersF rove tht
1+
4. 3 (a2 + ab + bc)(b2 + bc + ca)(c2 + ca + ab) ab2 + bc2 + ca2 (ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c) (a + b + c)2
SolutionX wultiplying oth sides of the ove inequlity with (a + b + c)2 it9s equivlent to
prove tht
(a + b + c)2 +
(a + b + c)(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 ) ab + bc + ca
4. 3 (a2 + ab + bc)(b2 + bc + ca)(c2 + ca + ab)

e hve
(a + b + c)2 +
(a + b + c)(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 ) = ab + bc + ca
(a2 + ab + bc)(c + a)(c + b) ab + bc + ca
fy using ewEqw inequlity e get
(a2 + ab + bc)(c + a)(c + b) 3. ab + bc + ca

ine it9s suffies to show tht
(a2 + ab + bc)(b2 + bc + ca)(c2 + ca + ab)[(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)]2 ab + bc + ca
3. 3 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 2. ab + bc + ca
whih is lerly true y ewEqw inequlity ginF he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds for a = b = c RD vet a0 , a1 , . . . , an e positive rel numers suh tht ak+1 ak 1 for ll k = 0, 1, . . . , n 1. rove tht
1+
1 a0
1+
1 a1 a0
1 +
1 an a0
1+
1 a0
1+
1 a1
1 +
1 an
SolutionX e will prove it y indutionF

por n = 1 e need to hek tht
1+
1 a0
1+
1 a1 a0
1+
1 a0
1+
1 a1
whih is equivlent to a0 (a1 a0 1) 0, whih is true y given onditionF vet
1+
1 a0
1+
1 a1 a0
1 +
1 ak a0
S
1+
1 a0
1+
1 a1
1 +
1 ak
it remins to prove thtX
1+
1 a0
1+
1 a1 a0 1+ 1 a1
1 + 1 a1
1 ak+1 a0 1 ak+1
fy our hypothesis
1+ 1 a0
1 a0
1 +
1+ 1+ 1 ak+1
1+ 1 a0
1 + 1 a1 a0
1 ak+1
1+
1+
1 +
1 ak a0
id estD it remins to prove thtX
1+
1 ak+1 1+
1+ 1 a0 1+ 1 a0
1 a0 1+ 1 a0
1+
1 a1 a0
1 +
1 ak a0
1 a1 a0 1+
1 +
1 ak+1 a0 1 ak a0
fut
1+
1 ak+1 1+
1 a1 a0
1 +
1+
1 a1 a0 1+ 1+
1 +
1 ak+1 a0
1 1 + ak+1 ak+1 a0 1 (ak+1 a0 )a0 1 ak+1 a0
1 a1 a0
1 + 1 +
1 ak a0
1 a1 a0 1 a1 a0
1 ak a0 1 ak a0
1+
1 +
fut y our onditions e otinX
1 ak+1 a0
husD the inequlity is provenF SD qiven a, b, c > 0F rove tht
1+
1 a1 a0 1 1
1 + 1 k1
1 ak a0 = 1.
1 k
1+
1 +
3 a2 + bc abc 9 . b2 + c2 (a + b + c)
Solution X his ineq is equivlent toX

a2 + bc
3
9 (a + b + c)
3
abc(a2 + bc) (b2 + c2 )
fy ewEqw ineq D e hve
a2 + bc
3
abc(a2 + bc) (b2 + c2 )

T
a2 + bc
3
(a2 + bc)c(a2 + bc)b(b2 + c2 )a
3(a2 + bc) a2 b
sym
imilrlyD this ineq is true if e prove thtX
3(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca) 9 3 2 a b (a + b + c)
sym
a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc
sym
a2 b
hih is true y hur ineqF iqulity holds when a = b = c TD vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numers suh tht ab + bc + ca > 0F rove tht
1 1 1 2 + + . 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca 2c2 + ab ab + bc + ca

he inequlity is equivlent to
ab + bc + ca 2, (1) 2a2 + bc a(b + c) bc + 2.(2) 2a2 + bc bc + 2a2 sing the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e hve bc bc + 2a2
hereforeD it suffies to prove tht or
( bc) = 1.(3) bc(bc + 2a2 )
a(b + c) 1.(4) 2a2 + bc

ine it is enough to hek tht
a(b + c) a(b + c) 2 2a + bc 2(a2 + bc) a(b + c) 2, (5) a2 + bc
whih is known resultF emrkX
2ca + bc 2bc + ca 4c + 2 . 2 2a + bc 2b + ca a+b+c
UD vet a, b, c e non negtive rel numers suh tht ab + bc + ca > 0F rove tht
2a2
1 1 1 1 12 + 2 + 2 + . + bc 2b + ca 2c + ab ab + bc + ca (a + b + c)2
SolutionX IA e n prove this inequlity using the following uxiliry result

if 0 a min{a, b}D then
1 1 4 + . 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca (a + b)(a + b + c)

U
in ftD this is used to repled for 4no two of whih re zero4D so tht the frtions
1 1 1 1 , , , 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca 2c2 + ab ab + bc + ca

hve meningsF fesidesD the iker lso works for itX
2a2
1 1 1 + 2 + 2 + bc 2b + ca 2c + ab
a2 b2
2(ab + bc + ca) + abc(a + b + c)
fut our Solution for oth of them is expnd vet a, b, c e non negtive rel numers suh tht ab + bc + ca > 0F rove tht
1 1 1 1 12 . + + + 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca 2c2 + ab ab + bc + ca (a + b + c)2

PA gonsider y ewEqw inequlityD e hve
2 a2 + ab + b2 (a + b + c) = (2b + a) 2a2 + bc + (2a + b) 2b2 + ca 2 (2a + b)(2b + a) (2a2 + bc) (2b2 + ca).
end y ewEqw inequlityD e hve
c2 (2a + b) c2 (2b + a) + 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca 2 = c4 (2a + b)(2b + a) (2a2 + bc) (2b2 + ca) 2c2 (2a + b)(2b + a) + ab + b2 ) (a + b + c) c a2 + ab + b2
(a2
4c2 6abc + a+b+c a+b+c
2c2 a + bc2 + 2ab2 + b2 c 2a2 + bc = = c2 (2a + b) c2 (2b + a) + 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca c a2 + ab + b2 c a2 + ab + b2 (a + b + c)2 c (a2 + ab + b2 )
4c2 6abc + a+b+c a+b+c
4 a2 + b2 + c2 6abc + a+b+c a+b+c
4 a2 + b2 + c2 6abc + a+b+c a+b+c =
4 a2 + b2 + c2 6abc + ab + c ab + bc + ca
2a2 b + 2ab2 + 2b2 c + 2bc2 + 2c2 a + 2ca2 2a2 + bc

V
= =
(b + c) + (b + c) +
2c2 a + bc2 + 2ab2 + b2 c 2a2 + bc
4 a2 + b2 + c2 6abc + a+b+c ab + bc + ca
8 a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca 2 a2 b + ab2 a+b+c ab + bc + ca 1 1 + 2a2 + bc ab + bc + ca 4 a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca (a + b + c) ( (a2 b + ab2 )) 12 . (a + b + c)2 a2 + bc 12(ab + bc + ca) 2 2a2 + bc (a + b + c)2
<=>
prom e get
(a + b)(a + c) + 2a2 + bc
2a2 + 2bc bc 3= 2 1 2 2a + bc 2a + bc a2 + bc 20 2a2 + bc (a + b)(a + c) 12(ab + bc + ca) 2 2a + bc (a + b + c)2
xowD e will prove the stronger
prom uhyEshrztD e hve
(a + b)(a + c) = (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)( 2a2 + bc

pinllyD e only need to prove tht
(2a2
3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 1 + bc)(b + c) ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a)
4(ab + bc + ca) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a) (a + b + c)2 (a + b + c)2 4[ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a) 8abc =4 ab + bc + ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 ab + bc + ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
whih is old prolemF yur Solution re ompleted equlity our if nd if only
a = b = c, a = b, c = 0
or ny yli permutionF VD vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht 16(a + b + c)
1 a
1 b
+1 c F rove tht
1
3
a+b+
2(a + c)
8 . 9
SolutionX his prolem is rther esyF sing the ewEqw inequlityD e hveX
a+b+ 2(c + a) = a + b + c+a + 2
W
c+a 3 (a + b)(c + a) 3 . 2 2
o thtX
1
3
a+b+
husD it9s enough to hek thtX
2(c + a)
2 . 27(a + b)(c + a)
1 4 6(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) a + b + c, 3(a + b)(c + a)

whih is true sine
9(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)

nd
16abc(a + b + c) ab + bc + ca
16(ab + bc + ca)2 3 ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca . 3 16
1 he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 4 F
WD vet x, y, z e positive rel numers suh tht xyz = 1F rove tht
x3 + 1 x4 + y + z
y3 + 1 y4 + z + x
z3 + 1 z4 + x + y
2 xy + yz + zx.
SolutionX sing the ewEqw inequlityD e hve

2 (x4 + y + z )(xy + yz + zx) = 2 [x4 + xyz (y + z )](xy + yz + zx) = 2 (x3 + y 2 z + yz 2 )(x2 y + x2 z + xyz ) (x3 + y 2 z + yz 2 ) + (x2 y + x2 z + xyz ) = (x + y + z )(x2 + yz ) =
it follows tht
(x + y + z )(x3 + 1) . x
x3 + 1 x4 + y + z
2x xy + yz + zx . x+y+z
edding this nd it nlogous inequlitiesD the result followsF IHD vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numers stisfying a + b + c = (a2 b2 )(b2 c2 )(c2 a2 ) 5
5F rove tht
SolutionX por this oneD e n ssume vyq tht c b a so tht e hve

P = (a2 b2 )(b2 c2 )(c2 a2 ) = (c2 b2 )(c2 a2 )(b2 a2 ) b2 c2 (c2 b2 ).
elso note tht hve
5 = a + b + c b + c sine a 0F xowD using the ewEqw inequlity e (c + b) 5 1 2 5 c + 1 b (c b) 2 5 5(b + c) (c + b) 5; 5

2
o tht e get P 5F end hene e re doneF iqulity holds if nd only if (a, b, c) = 5 5 2 + 1; 2 1; 0 nd ll its yli permuttionsF 2
IH
IID vet a, b, c > 0 nd a + b + c = 3F rove tht
1 1 3 1 + + 2 2 2 2 2 2 3+a +b 3+b +c 3+c +a 5
SolutionX e hveX
1 1 1 3 + + 3 + a2 + b2 3 + b2 + c2 3 + c2 + a2 5 <=> 3 3 9 3 + + 3 + a2 + b2 3 + b2 + c2 3 + c2 + a 2 5 a2 + b2 6 3 + a2 + b2 5
sing guhyEhwrz9s inequlityX
a2 + b2 3 + a2 + b2
ht mens e hve to prove
3 + a2 + b2 ) (
a2 + b2 )2
( (a2 + b2 ) + 2 8 a2 + 10
a2 + b2 )2
6 ( 5
(3 + a2 + b2 )) 54 12 + 5 5 a2
(a2 + b2 )(a2 + c2 )
ab 54 <=> 5(a + b + c)2 + 3
a2 54
it is true with a + b + c = 3F IPD qiven a, b, c > 0 suh tht ab + bc + ca = 1F rove tht
1 1 1 + + 1 4a2 bc + 1 4b2 ca + 1 4c2 ab + 1
SolutionX in ftD the shrper inequlity holds

1 1 1 3 + + . 4a2 bc + 1 4b2 ca + 1 4c2 ab + 1 2
1 1 1 3 + + . a(4a + b + c) b(4b + c + a) c(4c + a + b) 2

sing the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e hve
1 a(4a + b + c)
hereforeD it suffies to prove tht
4a + b + c a
1 a
1 . a2 b2 c2
2 4a + b + c 4b + c + a 4c + a + b + + . 3a2 b2 c2 a b c
ine
4a + b + c = a
a+b+c a a+b+c =9+ , abc 3+

II
=9+
(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) abc
this inequlity n e written s
9a2 b2 c2 + abc(a + b + c)
whih is true euse
3
2 , 3 1 , 27
a2 b2 c2
nd
ab + bc + ca 3
(ab + bc + ca)2 1 = . 3 3 IQD qiven a, b, c 0 suh tht ab + bc + ca = 1F rove tht abc(a + b + c) 1 1 1 + + 1 4a2 bc + 2 4b2 ca + 2 4c2 ab + 2
SolutionX xotie tht the se abc = 0 is trivil so let us onsider now tht abc > 0F sing
the ewEqw inequlityD e hve
4a2 bc + 2(ab + bc + ca) = (2a + b)(2a + c)
[c(2a + b) + b(2a + c)]2 4bc 1 (ab + bc + ca)2 = . = bc bc
it follows tht
1 bc. 4a2 bc + 2 edding this nd its nlogous inequlitiesD e get the desired resultF
IRD qiven a, b, c re positive rel numersF rove tht
1 1 1 1 1 1 9 ( + + )( + + ) . a b c 1+a 1+b 1+c 1 + abc
SolutionX he originl inequlity is equivlent to

abc + 1 abc + 1 abc + 1 + + a b c
or
cyc
1 1 1 + + a+1 b+1 c+1
1 + a2 c a
1 1 1 + + a+1 b+1 c+1
fy guhy hwrz ineq nd ewEqw ineqD
cyc
1 + a2 c a
cyc
c(1 + a)2 3 3 (1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c) a(1 + c) 3

3
nd
1 1 1 + + a+1 b+1 c+1
(1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c)
wultiplying these two inequlitiesD the onlusion followsF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 1F ISF qiven a, b, c re positive rel numersF rove thtX
a(b + 1) +
b(c + 1) +
c(a + 1)
3 2
(a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)
IP
SolutionX gseIFif a + b + c + ab + bc + ca 3abc + 3 <=> 4(ab + bc + ca + a + b + c)

3(a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1) sing guhyEhwrz9s inequlity De hveX ( a(b + 1) + b(c + 1) + c(a + 1))2 3(ab + bc + ca + a + b + c) 9(a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1) 4
he inequlity is trueF gsePF ifa + b + c + ab + bc + ca 3abc + 3.
<=>
9(a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1) 2(a + b + c + ab + bc + ca) + 3abc + 3 4
fy ewEqw9s inequlity X
ab(b + 1)(c + 1)
[ab(c + 1) + (b + 1)] = a + b + c + ab + bc + ca + 3abc + 3 ab(b + 1)(c + 1) c(a + 1))2 [ 3 2 9 4(a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)
=> ab + bc + ca + a + b + c + 2 => ( a(b + 1) + b(c + 1) +
(a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)]2
=> Q.E.D inqulity holds when a = b = c = 1. ITD qiven a, b, c re positive rel numersF rove thtX 1 1 1 10 + 2 + 2 a2 + b2 b + c2 c + a2 (a + b + c)2
SolutionX essume c = min{a, b, c}F hen

a2 1 1 2 + 2 (ab c2 )(a b)2 0 2 2 +c b +c ab + c2
end y guhyEshwrz
((a2 + b2 ) + 8(ab + c2 ))
rene e need only to proveX
1 2 + a2 + b2 ab + c2
25
5(a + b + c)2 2((a2 + b2 ) + 8(ab + c2 )) 3(a b)2 + c(10b + 10a 11c) 0

iqulity for a = b, c = 0 or permuttionsF IUD vet a, b nd c re nonEnegtive numers suh tht ab + ac + bc = 0F rove tht
b2 (a + c)2 c2 (a + b)2 a2 (b + c)2 + + a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + 3bc b2 + 3ac c2 + 3ab
Solution:
fy guhyEhwrz ineq D e hve
a2 (b + c) a2 (b + c) a2 (b + c) = 2 = 2 2 a + bc (a + bc)(b + c) b(a + c2 ) + c(a2 + b2 ) a2 (b + c) b2 c2 a2 (b + c) b c ( 2 + ) = ( 2 + 2 ) 2 2 2 2 4 b(a + c ) c(a + b ) 4 a +c a + b2 c(a2 (b + c) + b2 (c + a)) a2 + b2
imilrlyD e hve
LHS
a2 (b + c)(
b c + 2 )= 2 2 a +c a + b2
IQ
= a2 + b2 + c2 +
abc(a + b) a2 + b2 + c2 + a2 + b2 whih is true y ewEqw ineq

he originl inequlity n e written s
abc(a + b) a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca a2 + b2
8 (a + b)2 (a + c)2 (a + b + c)2 . a2 + bc 3

ine (a + b)(a + c) = (a2 + bc) + a(b + c) e hve
(a2 + bc)2 + 2a(b + c)(a2 + bc) + a2 (b + c)2 (a + b)2 (a + c)2 = a2 + bc a2 + bc a2 (b + c)2 = a2 + bc + 2a(b + c) + 2 , a + bc
nd thus the ove inequlity is equivlent to
8 a2 (b + c)2 (a + b + c)2 a2 + bc 3
or ine
a2 5
ab,
5(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + ab + bc + ca a2 (b + c)2 . 2 a + bc 3
5(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca 3 it is enough show tht a2 (b + c)2 a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca. a2 + bc
FiFh IVD qiven
a1 a2 . . . an 0, b1 b2 . . . bn 0
n n
ai = 1 =
i=1 i=1 n
bi
pind the mxmium of
(ai bi )2
i=1
SolutionXithout loss of generlityD ssume tht
a1 b1
xotie tht for
a x 0, b, y 0
e hve
(a x)2 + (b y )2 (a + b x)2 y 2 = 2b(a x + y ) 0.

eording to this inequlityD e hve
(a1 b1 )2 + (a2 b2 )2 (a1 + a2 b1 )2 + b2 2, (a1 + a2 b1 )2 + (a3 b3 )2 (a1 + a2 + a3 b1 )2 + b2 3,

IR
(a1 + a2 + + an1 b1 )2 + (an bn )2 (a1 + a2 + + an b1 )2 + b2 n.

edding these inequlitiesD e get
n 2 2 (ai bi )2 (1 b1 )2 + b2 2 + b3 + + bn i=1
(1 b1 )2 + b1 (b2 + b3 + + bn ) = (1 b1 )2 + b1 (1 b1 ) = 1 b1 1
iqulity holds for exmple when
1 . n
a1 = 1, a2 = a3 = = an = 0
nd
b1 = b2 = = bn =
1 n
IWD qiven
a, b, c 0
suh tht
a2 + b2 + c2 = 1
rove tht
1 ab 1 bc 1 ca 1 + + 7 3ac 7 3ba 7 3cb 3 SolutionX pirstD e will show tht 1 1 1 1 + + . 7 3ab 7 3bc 7 3ca 2
1 1 1 1 = +1 . 7 3ab 3(1 ab) + 4 9 3(1 ab)

it follows tht
1 1 7 3ab 27 nd thusD it is enough to show tht
1 1 + , 1 ab 3
1 1 9 1 + + , 1 ab 1 bc 1 ca 2
whih is s9s inequlityF xowD e write the originl inequlity s
3 3ab 3 3bc 3 3ca + + 1, 7 3ac 7 3ba 7 3cb

or
7 3bc 7 3ca 7 3ab + + 1+4 7 3ac 7 3ba 7 3cb 4
1 1 1 + + 7 3ab 7 3bc 7 3ca 2
ine
1 1 1 + + 7 3ab 7 3bc 7 3ca

IS
it is enough to show tht
7 3ab 7 3bc 7 3ca + + 3, 7 3ac 7 3ba 7 3cb

whih is true ording to the ewEqw inequlityF PID vet
a, b, c 0
suh tht
a+b+c>0
nd
b + c 2a
por
x, y, z > 0
suh tht
xyz = 1
rove tht the following inequlity holds
1 1 3 1 + + a + x2 (by + cz ) a + y 2 (bz + cx) a + z 2 (bx + cy ) a+b+c
SolutionX etting
u=
nd
1 1 ,v = x y 1 z
w=
nd using the ondition
uvw = 1
the inequlity n e rewritten s
u = au + cv + bw
epplying guhyD it suffies to prove
u2 au2 + cuv + bwu
3 F a+b+c
(u + v + w) u2 + (b + c)
uv
3 a+b+c 0D
1 (b + c 2a) 2 whih is ovious due to the ondition for a, b, c
(x y )2
PPD qiven
x, y, z > 0
suh tht
xyz = 1
IT
rove tht
1 (1 + x2 )(1 + x7 )
1 (1 + y 2 )(1 + y7 )
1 (1 + z 2 )(1 + z7)
3 4
SolutionX pirst e prove this ineq esy

1 (1 +
end this ineq emeX
x2 )(1
x7 )
3 4(x9 + x 2 + 1)
9
1 x9
with
+x +1
9 2
1 y9 +y +1
9 2
1 z9 + z2 + 1
9
xyz = 1
it9s n old result PQD vet
a, b, c
e positive rel numers suh tht
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + ab + bc + ca = 12
rove tht
3 a b c . + + c + a a+b b+c 2
SolutionX vet
A = a2 + b2 + c2 , B = ab + bc + ca 2A + B = 2 a2 + ab 3 3 4 a2 + ab = 9.
fy guhy hwrz inequlityD e hve
a = a+b a+b+c
a a+b a . a+b
fy guhy hwrz inequlity ginD e hve
b = a+b
b2 b(a + b)
(a + b + c)2 b(a + b) = A + 2B A+B
a =3 a+b heneD it suffies to prove tht
b A + 2B 2A + B 3 = a+b A+B A+B
( a + b + c)
2A + B 9 A+B 2
IU
gonsider
(a + b + c) 2A + B = (A + 2B ) (2A + B )
(A + 2B ) + (2A + B ) 2 3 = (A + B ) 2 2A + B 3 9 (a + b + c) 2A + B A+B 2 2
s requireF fy ewEqw ineq esy to see tht
3 a2 + b2 + c2 4
fy guhyEhwrz ineqD e hve a a+c 2 ) (a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)( LHS = ( (a + b)(a + c) sing the fmilir ineq
a ) (a + b)(a + c)
9(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)

e hve
2(ab + bc + ca) 9 a = (a + b)(a + c) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 4(a + b + c)
end e need to prove tht
9 9(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca) 4(a + b + c) 2
6 (a2 + b2 + c2 ) 24 5(a2 + b2 + c2 )
(6 (a2 + b2 + c2 ))2 24 5(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (3 (a2 + b2 + c2 ))(4 (a2 + b2 + c2 )) 0

hih is true e re done equlity holds when
a=b=c=1
PRF qiven
a, b, c 0
rove tht
8(a + b + c)2 1 (a2 + bc)(b + c)2 3(a + b)2 (b + c)2 (c + a)2
SolutionX in ftD the shrper nd nier inequlity holdsX

b2 (c + a)2 c2 (a + b)2 a2 (b + c)2 + + a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca. a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab a2 (b + c)2 b2 (c + a)2 c2 (a + b)2 + + a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab
IV
PSF qiven
a, b, c 0
suh tht
ab + bc + ca = 1
rove tht
8 2 5a
1 1 1 9 + 8 2 + 8 2 4 + bc b + ca c + ab 5 5 abc
essume vyq this ineq

8 2 5a
1 5 1 5 1 + 8 2 + 8 2 10 8 + bc 8 5 b + ca 5 c + ab
8 2 c ab 8 8a2 5bc 8 8b2 5ca 1 5 0 + + 2 2 2 8a + 5bc 8b + 5ca c +8 5 ab 8 c) 8a(b + c a) + 3bc 8b(a + c b) + 5ac c(a + b 5 + + 0 8 2 2 2 8a + 5bc 8b + 5ca c + 5 ab
xotie tht e only need to prove this ineq when
ab+c
y the wy e need to prove tht
8b2
8b 8a 2 + 5ca 8a + 5bc
(a b)(8ab 5ac 5bc) 0

isy to see thtX if
ab+c
then
8ab = 5ab + 3ab 5ac + 6bc 5ac + 5ac

o this ineq is trueD e hve qFdFe D equlity hold when
(a, b, c) = (1, 1, 0)
PTD qive
a, b, c 0
rove thtX
b2
a b c a+b+c abc(a + b + c) + 2 + 2 + 3 2 2 2 +c a +c a +b ab + bc + ca (a + b3 + c3 )(ab + bc + ca) b2 a = + c2 ab2 a2 + c2 a
it suffies to prove tht
(a + b + c)2 , (ab2 + c2 a)
1 a+b+c abc + , (ab2 + c2 a) ab + bc + ca (ab + bc + ca) (a3 + b3 + c3 )

IW
euse
a+b+c 1 2 2 (ab + c a) ab + bc + ca = 3abc , (ab + bc + ca) (ab2 + ca2 ) ab2 + c2 a , ab2 + c2 a .
3 a3 + b3 + c3
whih is true euse
2 a3 + b3 + c3
emrkX
a b c a+b+c 3abc(a + b + c) + 2 + 2 + . b2 + c2 c + a2 a + b2 ab + bc + ca 2(a3 + b3 + c3 )(ab + bc + ca)

qive
a, b, c 0
rove tht
a2
1 1 3 81a2 b2 c2 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + bc b + ca c + ab ab + bc + ca 2(a + b2 + c2 )4
iqulity our if nd if only
a = b = c, a = b, c = 0
or ny yli permutionF it is true euse
(1) 3 a2 + b2 + c2 1 1 1 + + a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab a3 b + ab3 + b3 c + bc3 + c3 a + ca3

nd
(2)
feuse
3 a2 + b2 + c2 3 81a2 b2 c2 + . a3 b + ab3 + b3 c + bc3 + c3 a + ca3 ab + bc + ca 2(a2 + b2 + c2 )4 a2 1 + ab3 ) ab + bc + ca
(a3 b =
abc(a + b + c) , (ab + bc + ca) ( (a3 b + ab3 ))
2(a + b + c) a2 + b2 + c2
whih is true euse
27abc(ab + bc + ca)
a3 b + ab3
(a) (a + b + c) a2 + b2 + c2 9abc, (b) a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca, (c) 2 a2 + b2 + c2

whih
2
a3 b + ab3 ,
(c)
PH
is equivlent to
a2 ab + b2 (a b)2 0,
whih is trueF PUD vet
a, b, c
e nonnegtive numersD no two of whih re zeroF rove tht
a2 (b + c) b2 ( c + a ) c2 (a + b) + + b2 + bc + c2 c2 + ca + a2 a2 + ab + b2
2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) . a+b+c
SolutionX
a2 (b + c) b2 + bc + c2 = (b2 4a2 (b + c)(ab + bc + ca) + bc + c2 ) (ab + bc + ca) 4a2 (b + c)(ab + bc + ca) (b2 + bc + c2 + ab + bc + ca) = 4a2 (ab + bc + ca) , (b + c)(a + b + c)2
2
it suffies to prove
(a + b + c) a2 + b2 + c2 a2 , b+c 2(ab + bc + ca) a2 +a b+c (a + b + c)3 , 2(ab + bc + ca)
or or
a (a + b + c)2 , b+c 2(ab + bc + ca)
whih is true y guhyEhwrz inequlity
a = b+c
a2 a(b + c)
(a + b + c)2 . 2(ab + bc + ca)
e just wnt to give little note hereF xotie tht
b2
nd
a2 (b + c) a(b + c) a(b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca) + = , 2 + bc + c a+b+c (b2 + bc + c2 )(a + b + c)
a(b + c) 2(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca) 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + = . a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c hereforeD the inequlity n e written in the form b2
xote tht
a(b + c) b(c + a) c(a + b) + 2 + 2 2, 2 2 + bc + c c + ca + a a + ab + b2
cyc
a(b + c) = b2 + bc + c2
cyc
4a(b + c)(ab + bc + ca) 4(b2 + bc + c2 )(ab + bc + ca)

PI
cyc
4a(ab + bc + ca) . (b + c)(a + b + c)2
o tht e hve to proveX

cyc
4a(ab + bc + ca) (b + c)(a + b + c)2 a b+c
2,
or
cyc
(a + b + c)2 , 2(ab + bc + ca)
whih is oviously true due to the guhyEhwrz inequlityF his is nother new SolutionF pirstD e will prove tht
(a2 + ac + c2 )(b2 + bc + c2 )
ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a) .(1) a+b
indeedD using the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e hve ac bc + a2 + ac + c2 b2 + bc + c2 (ac + a2 + ac + c2 )(bc + b2 + bc + c2 )
= (a + c)(b + c).
it follows tht
(a2 + ac + c2 )(b2 + bc + c2 ) ab + c2 + c a + b =
ab ab + c2 + c a + b
2ab a+b
ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a) . a+b
xowD from @IAD using the ewEqw inequlityD e get
1 1 + 2 a2 + ac + c2 b + bc + c2
(a2 + ac + c2 )(b2 + bc + c2 ) (2) 2(a + b) . ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a)
prom
(2)
e hve
b2
a(b + c) = + bc + c2
ab
1 1 + 2 2 + ac + c b + bc + c2 2ab(a + b) = 2. ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a) a2 a, b, c > 0
PWD if then the following inequlity holdsX
a2 (b + c) b2 (c + a) c 2 ( a + b) + + 2 b2 + bc + c2 c2 + ca + a2 a2 + ab + b2
his inequlity is equivlent to
a3 + b3 + c3 a+b+c
a2 (b + c)(a + b + c) 2 b2 + bc + c2
or
(a3 + b3 + c3 ) (a + b + c)
a2 +
a2 (ab + bc + ca) b2 + bc + c2
(a3 + b3 + c3 ) (a + b + c),
PP
euse
(a3 + b3 + c3 ) (a + b + c) a2 + b2 + c2 +
a3 + b3 + c3 (a + b + c) , a2 + b2 + c2
a3 + b3 + c3 (a + b + c) a2 , b2 + bc + c2 (a2 + b2 + c2 ) (ab + bc + ca)

y guhyEhwrz inequlityD e hve
a2 2 b + bc + c2
a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + b2 + c2 = , 2 2 2 a (b + bc + c ) 2 a2 b2 + a2 bc
a2 + b2 + c2
vet
(ab + bc + ca) a3 + b3 + c3 (a + b + c) 2 1 2
a2 b2 +
a2 bc .
A=
e hve
a4 , B =
a3 b + ab3 , C = a2 + b2 + c2
2
a2 b2 , D =
a2 bc,
= A + 2C,
a2 + b2 + c2 (ab + bc + ca) = 2B + D, a3 + b3 + c3 (a + b + c) = A + 2B,

nd
2
a2 b2 +
a2 bc = 2C + D.
(A + 2C ) (2B + D) (A + 2B ) (2C + D) ,
or
2 (A D) (B C ) 0,
whih is true euse
AD
nd
BC
QHD qiven
a, b, c 0
suh tht
a+b+c=1
rove tht
a2 b + b2 c + c2 a + ab + bc + ca 1
ewrite the inform inequlity s
a2 b + b2 c + c2 a + ab + bc + ca (a + b + c)2
PQ
(a2 b + b2 c + c2 a) (a + b + c) a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca
essume tht is the numer etien nd F henD y pplying the ewEqw inequlityD e get a2 b + b2 c + c2 a 2 (a2 b + b2 c + c2 a) (a + b + c) + b(a + b + c) b it is thus suffiient to prove the stronger inequlity
a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca
a2 b + b2 c + c2 a + b(a + b + c) b
c(a b)(b c) 0, b whih is oviously true ording to the ssumption of b

row to prove
a4 + 2
only y ewEqw iquivlent to prove
a3 c
a2 b2 + 2
a3 b
(a b)2 (a + b)2 4(a b)(b c)(a c)(a + b + c)

vyq e n ssume tht
a b c, a b = x, b c = y
then e need to prove tht
x2 (2c + 2y + x)2 + y 2 (2c + y )2 + (x + y )2 (2c + x + y )2 xy (x + y )(3c + 2x + y )

y
(x + y )4 xy (x + y )(x + 2y )
nd
(x + y )3 3xy (x + y )
e hve ompleted the Solution QID vet
a, b, c
e positive numers suh tht
a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 a2 b2 c2
pind the minimum of e
A=
b2 c2 c2 a2 a2 b2 + + c3 (a2 + b2 ) a3 (b2 + c2 ) b3 (c2 + a2 )
xo one like this prolemc etting
x=
1 1 1 ,y = ,z = a b c
PR
e hve
x2 + y 2 + z 2 1
e will prove tht
y3 z3 x3 3 + 2 + 2 y2 + z2 x + z2 x + y2 2
sing guhyEhwrzX
LHS
fy ewEqw e hveX
x(y 2
z2)
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )2 + y (x2 + z 2 ) + z (x2 + y 2 )
x(y 2 +z 2 )+y (x2 +z 2 )+z (x2 +y 2 )

feuse
2 2 2 2 2 (x +y +z )(x+y +z ) (x2 +y 2 +z 2 ) x2 + y 2 + z 2 3 3 x2 + y 2 + z 2 1
o
2 (x2 3
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )2 + y 2 + z 2 ) x2 + y 2 + z 2
3 2
e done3 QPF vet xDyDz e non negtive rel numers suh tht x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 F find the minimum nd mximum of f = x + y + z xyz. Solution IF pirst e fix z nd let m = x + y = x + 1 x2 z 2 = g (x)(0 x 1 z 2 ), then e hve
g (x) = 1
e get
x , 1 x2 z 2
g ( x) > 0 0 x <
nd
1 z2 2 1 z2,
g (x) < 0
so e hve
1 z2 <x 2
mmin = min{g (0), g ( 1 z 2 )} =

nd
1 z2
mmax = g
etullyD f nd written s
1 z2 2
2 2z 2 .
z z f = f (m) = m2 + m + 1 z 2 + z, 2 2 esy to prove tht the xis of symmetry m= 1 > z 2 2z 2
PS
so f (m) is inresing in the intervl of mD thusD e hve
f (m) f ( 1 z 2 ) =
nd
1 z2 + z
f (m) f ( 2 2z 2 ) =
ine
z z3 + + 2 2
2 2z 2 .
( 1 z 2 + z )2 = 1 + 2z
1 z2 1
e get f (m) 1 nd when two of xDyDz re zero e hve f = 1, soW egetfmin = 1. vet z3 z h(z ) = + + 2 2z 2 , 2 2 esy to prove tht
1 1 h (z ) > 0 0 z < andh (z ) < 0 < z 1 3 3

then e get
f (m) h
8 3 1 8 3 D so e getfmax = . when x = y = z = W ehavef = 9 9 3 honeF Solution PF hen two of xDyDz re zero e hvef = 1D nd e will prove tht f 1 then e n get fmin = 1F etullyD e hve f 1 x + y + z xyz 1 (x + y + z ) x2 + y 2 + z 2 xyz x2 + y 2 + z 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2
3 3
1 3
8 3 = , 9
(x + y + z ) x2 + y 2 + z 2 xyz
x2 y 2 z 2 + 2
sym
x5 y + x3 y 3 + x3 y 2 z 0,
1 the lst inequlity is ovious trueD so e got f 1; henx = y = z = e hve 3 8 3 f= , 9 nd e will prove tht 8 3 f 9 then e n get 8 3 fmax = 9 etullyD e hve 8 3 8 3 f x + y + z xyz (x + y + z ) x2 + y 2 + z 2 xyz 9 9 3 8 3 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2 27 (x + y + z ) x2 + y 2 + z 2 xyz 9 1 3 2 S (x, y, z ) (y z ) 0, 64 x2 + y 2 + z 2 4 cyc
PT
where
S (x, y, z ) = 17y 2 (2y x)2 +17z 2 (2z x)2 +56y 2 (z x)2 ++56z 2 (y x)2 +24x4 +6y 4 +6z 4 +57x2 (y 2 +z 2 )+104y 2 z 2 8 3 is ovious positiveD so the lst inequlity is ovious trueD so e gotfmax = . 9
QQD por positive rel numersD show tht
ab + bc + ca a3 (b + c a) b3 (c + a b) c3 (a + b c) + + a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab 2
ineq
a2 + b2 + c2 + a2 + b2 + c2 +
ab + bc + ca 2
a3 (b + c a) + a2 a2 + bc
ab + bc + ca a2 (ab + bc + ca)( ) 2 a2 + bc 5 bc ) (ab + bc + ca) a2 + b2 + c2 + (ab + bc + ca)( a2 + bc 2 a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca

se two ineq
a2
bc 5 + bc 2
a2
it is esy to proveF
ab ac 4abc bc + 2 + 2 + 1(1) + bc c + ab b + ac (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
a2 + b2 + c2 8abc + 2(2) ab + bc + ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

o esy to see tht
a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca
a2 + b2 + c2 4abc bc + +1 2 a + bc ab + bc + ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) a2 + b2 + c2 5 +2 2(ab + bc + ca) 2
e hve done 3
a3 (b + c a) b3 (c + a b) c3 (a + b c) 3abc(a + b + c) + + 2 2 2 a + bc b + ca c + ab 2(ab + bc + ca)
Solution
end e prove tht
a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca
bc 3abc(a + b + c) + 3 a2 + bc 2(ab + bc + ca)2 4abc (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
3abc(a + b + c) 2(ab + bc + ca)

2
3(a + b + c)(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8(ab + bc + ca)2

his ineq is true euse
3(a + b + c)(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
8 (a + b + c)2 (ab + bc + ca) 8(ab + bc + ca)2 3

PU
LHS
vet
a2 + b2 + c2 4abc 4abc + + +13 ab + bc + ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) a, b, c > 0
how tht
a3 (b + c a) b3 (c + a b) c3 (a + b c) 9abc + + a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab 2(a + b + c)
pirstDe prove this lenmX
a2 b2 c2 (a + b + c)2 + + a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab 2(ab + bc + ca) ac ab a2 + b2 + c2 bc + + + 2 a2 + bc b2 + ac c2 + ab 2(ab + bc + ca)

whih is true from
bc ac ab 4abc + + 1+ a2 + bc b2 + ac c2 + ab (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) a2 + b2 + c2 4abc + 1 2(ab + bc + ca) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

equlity our if nd if only
a=b=c
or
a = b, c = 0
or ny yli permutionF eturn to your inequlityDe hve
(
or
a3 (b + c a) 9abc + a2 ) a2 + b2 + c2 + a2 + bc 2(a + b + c) a2 9abc a2 + b2 + c2 + + bc 2(a + b + c)
(ab + bc + ca)
prom
a2
a2 b2 c2 (a + b + c)2 + + a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab 2(ab + bc + ca)
e only need to prove tht
(a + b + c)2 9abc a2 + b2 + c2 + or 2 2(a + b + c) 9abc 2(ab + bc + ca) a+b+c hih is shur inequlityF yur Solution re ompleted equlity our if nd if only a2 + b2 + c2 + a = b = c, a = b, c = 0
or ny yli permutionF QQD vet
a, b, c > 0
PV
suh tht
a+b+c=1
hen prom the ondition
a3 + bc b3 + ca c3 + ab + + 2 a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab a 1 = (b + c)
it follows tht
a3 + bc = a2 + bc
a2 (b + c) +1 a2 + bc
hus it suffies to prove tht
a+b+c
por
a2 (b + c) a2 + bc
a, b, c
positive rels prove tht
ab(a + b) c2 + ab ab(a + b) + c2 + ab
nd our inequlity eomes
<=> a4 + b4 + c4 b2 c2 c2 a2 a2 b2 0 c2 (a + b) =2 c2 + ab a (ca + cb)2 + c2 ) + b(a2 + c2 ) a a
c2 (a + b) (c2 + ab) c2 (a + b)2 = + ab)(a + b)
ut
c2 (a + b) = (c2 + ab)
(c2
a(b2
c2 a2 + a(b2 + c2 )
QR vet
c2 b2 = b(a2 + c2 )
a, b, c 0
suh tht
a+b+c=1
hen
6(a2 + b2 + c2 )
a3 + bc b3 + ca c3 + ab + + a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab a2 (b + c) 3 a2 + bc (a a2 (b + c) ) a2 + bc
Solution
6(a2 + b2 + c2 ) +
6(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 2(a + b + c)2 4 (a b)(a c)
a(a b)(a c) a2 + bc a (a b)(a c)(4 2 )0 a + bc

PW
essuming vyq
abc
then esy to see tht
4
nd
a 0 a2 + bc c 0 c2 + ab
4 (c a)(c b)(4
e hve two ses gse I
a c ) 0and(a b)(a c)(4 2 )0 c2 + ab a + bc
4
then
b2
b 0 + ac b )0 + ac
(b c)(b a)(4
so this ineq is true gse P
b2
4
esy to see tht
b 0 b2 + ac
4
o
c2
c b 4 2 + ab b + ac
LHS (c b)2 (4
FiFh QSF vet
c b c ) + (a b)(b c)( 2 )0 c2 + ab b + ac c2 + ab
x, y, z
e rel numers stisfyX
x2 y 2 + 2yx2 + 1 = 0
pind the mximum nd minimum vlues ofX
f (x, y ) =
2 1 1 + + y (y + + 2) x2 x x 1 ;k = y + 1 x
SolutionX ut
t=
D e hveX
t2 + k 2 = 1 f (x, y ) = t2 + tk
ut
t = cos ; k = sin
then
f (x, y ) = cos 2 + cos sin = sin 22 = 1 1 + cos (2 ) 2 4 2 1 1 max f (x, y ) = + 2 2

QH
min f (x, y ) =
1 1 2 2
FiFh F QTF uppose DDDd re positive integers with ab + cd = 1. henD por W e = 1, 2, 3, 4,let (xi )2 + (yi )2 = 1, where xi nd yi re rel numersF how tht
a b c d (ay1 + by2 + cy3 + dy4 )2 + (ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx1 )2 2( + + + ). b a d c

olitionX se guhyEhwrtz D e hve
(ay1 + by2 + cy3 + dy4 )2 (ab + cd)( (ay1 + by2 )2 (cy3 + dy4 )2 + )= ab cd (cy3 + dy4 )2 (ay1 + by2 )2 + ab cd (ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx1 )2 (ab + cd)( (ax4 + bx3 )2 (cx2 + dx1 )2 + ) ab cd (ax4 + bx3 )2 (cx2 + dx1 )2 = + ab cd
imilrX
futX
(ay1 + by2 )2 (ay1 + by2 )2 + (ax1 bx2 )2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab(y1 y2 x1 x2 )

imilrF
(cx2 + dx1 )2 c2 + d2 + 2cd(x1 x2 y1 y2 )

D then e getX
(ay1 + by2 )2 (cx2 + dx1 )2 + ab cd a b c d + + + b a d c

@IA he sme rgument show thtX
(ax4 + bx3 )2 (cy3 + dy4 )2 + cd ab a b c d + + + b a d c

@PA gomining @IAY@PA e get F FiFh QUF in ny onvex qudrilterl with sides
abcd
QI
nd re F rove tht X
3 3 2 F c 4
SolutionX
he inequlity is rewritten sX (a + b + c + d)(a b + c + d)(a + b c + d)(a + b + c d) 27c4 . e sustitute x = a + b + c + dD y = a b + c + dD z = a + b c + dD t = a + b + c dF x+yz+t = c nd x y z t. hen 4 x+yz+t 4 hus e hveX xyzt 27( ) . 4 he left side of the inequlity is mximum when z = y while the right side of the inequlity is minimum @e hve fixed xDy nd tAF x+t 4 hen e just prove tht xy 2 t 27( ) . 4 2 3 feuse xy t x tD e just hve to prove
x3 t (
x+t 4 ) 4
end then it follows tht the ove inequlity is lso trueF
x x x + + +t 3 3 3 44
hene
x x x t 3 3 3
27(
QVF vet efg e tringleF rove thtX
x+y 4 ) x3 t 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 + + + + a b c a+bc b+ca c+ab
SolutionX
IF
1 1 2b 2b 2b 2 + = = 2 2 = a+bc b+ca (a + b c)(b + c a) b (c a)2 b b
imilrlyD e hve
1 1 2 + b+ca c+ab c 1 1 2 + c+ab a+bc a edd three inequlities together nd divide y P to get the desired resultF PF use urmt for the numer rrys (b + c a; c + a b; a + b c) (a; b; c) nd the onvex funtion 1 f (x) = x
QP
yr mke the sustitution x = 1 (a + b c) nd get z=2
1 2
(b + c a)D y =
1 2
(c + a b)D
a = y + z, b = z + x, c = x + y,
so tht the inequlity in question n e rewritten s
1 1 1 1 1 1 + + + + y+z z+x x+y 2x 2y 2z

D wht diretly follows from ewErwX
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 + , + , + y+z 2y 2z z + x 2z 2x x + y 2x 2y
QWF vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersF rove tht
a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc
(a2 b + b2 c + c2 a)2 (ab2 + bc2 + ca)2 + 2 2 2 2 ab + bc + ca a b + b2 c + c2 a
SolutionX
if a = 0 or b = 0 or c = 0 Dit9s trueFif
abc > 0
b c ut x = a b , y = c , z = a Fe need prove
x y z (xy + yz + zx)2 (x + y + z )2 + + +3 + z x y xyz (x + y + z ) xy + yz + zx z x2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 x2 + y 2 + z 2 x y + + + z x y xyz (x + y + z ) xy + yz + zx x2 z2 y2 (x2 + y 2 + z 2 )(x + y + z ) + + z y x xy + yz + zx x3 y y 3 z z3x + + x2 y + y 2 z + z 2 x z x y

fy using ew qw9inequlityD e hveX
x3 y y3 z + xyz 2x2 y, + xyz 2y 2 z z x z3x + xyz 2z 2 y, x2 y + y 2 z + z 2 x 3xyz y

e hve done RHF vet x, y, z e positive rel numersF rove thtX
x+
1 1 y
y+
1 1 z
3.
SolutionF
e rewrite the inequlity s
y + x
1 2 xyz
x+ 1
QQ
2 xyz
xy + 3 0.
utting xyz = k 3 D then there exist a, b, c > 0 suh tht x = he inequlity eomes
ka b ,y
kb c ,z
kc a .
a2 + bc f (k ) =
e hve tht
1 2k k2 2 k
a 2 + k2 b k a2 b + 1 2k k2
b +30 a ab2 + 3abc 0
a3 + k 2
f (k ) =
2(k 3 + 1) k k3
a2 b ab2 . a2 b
ab2
f (k ) = 0 k =
prom nowD ording to the rition fordD e n dedue our inequlity to show tht
f
or equivlentlyD
ab2 a2 b
a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc
FiFh RIF qiven a, b, c 0Frove thtX
(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 )2 (a2 b + b2 c + c2 a)2 + . ab2 + bc2 + ca2 a2 b + b2 c + c2 a
a2 b2 c2 (a + b + c)2 2 + 2 + 2 2(ab + bc + ca) a + bc b + ca c + ab
SolutionX
e hve
2a2 (a + b)(a + c)
a2
a2 = + bc
a2 (a b)(a c) 0 (a + b)(a + c)(a2 + bc)
@esy to hek y orniu hurA it suffies to prove tht
(a + b + c)2 2(ab + bc + ca)
2a2 2 ab(a + b) = (a + b)(a + c) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
essume tht a + b + c = 1 nd put q = ab + bc + ca, r = abcD then the inequlity eomes
1 q 3r 4q qr qr 4q q 3r 2r 4q 1 q 3r
4q 1 9 D
fy hur9s inequlity for third degreeD e hve r
then
6r 2r 2r 1 = 1 q q 3r q 4q3
QR
it suffies to show tht
6r (4q 1)(1 q )
fut this is just hur9s inequlity for fourth degree
a4 + abc
e hve doneF PF uppose a + b + c = 3F e need to proveX
ab(a2 + b2 )
f (r) = 4q 4 9q 3 + 24qr2 54q 2 r 72r2 243r + 216qr 0 f (r) = 48qr 54q 2 144r 243 + 216q f (r) = 48(q 3) 0, sof (r) f (0) = 54q 2 144 + 216q 0
9 , f (r) f (0) = q 3 (4q 9) 0 oD with q 4 9 9 9 ith q 4 D e hveX f (r) f ( 4q3 ) 0 @trues with q 4 A RPF vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numers suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 1F rove tht
b3 + c3 a3 + 2 2 2 2 b bc + c a
SolutionX
a3 b3 + c3 (a2 + b2 + c2 )2 + b2 bc + c2 a2 a[b2 bc + c2 + a(b + c)] 1 1 = 2 32a2 3 2 a 2.a[ 4 ] 2 a2 ( 2 2 )2
RQF vet ABC nd max(A, B, C ) 90F rove tht X
SolutionX
cosBcosC cosCcosA cosAcosB 3 + + sin2C sin2A sin2B 2
fut if A = 90 the left side does not existF if max{A, B, C } < 90 F vet a2 + b2 c2 = z, a2 + c2 b2 = y nd b2 + c2 a2 = x. reneD x, y nd z re positive nd
cyc
cos A cos B = sin 2C
b2 +c2 a2 a2 +c2 b2 2bc 2ac 2S a2 +b2 c2 2 cyc ab 2ab
=
cyc
ab(b2 + c2 a2 )(a2 + c2 b2 ) = 8c2 S (a2 + b2 c2 ) =

cyc
cyc
xy (x + y )z
a2 b2 = 2(a2 b2 + a2 c2 + b2 c2 ) a4 b4 c4
xy (x + y )z
(x + z )(y + z ) . 4(xy + xz + yz )
husD it remins to prove tht
cyc
xy (x + y )z
(x + z )(y + z ) 3, xy + xz + yz
QS
whih is equivlent to
x2 y 2
cyc
(x + z )(y + z ) xyz x+y
3(xy + xz + yz ).
fy guhyEhwrtz e otinX
x2 y 2
cyc
(x + z )(y + z ) x+y
x+y
cyc
(x + z )(y + z )
(xy + xz + yz )2 .
reneD e need to prove tht
(xy + xz + yz )2
cyc
x+y (x + z )(y + z )
xyz
3(xy + xz + yz ).
e otinX
(xy + xz + yz )2
cyc
x+y (x + z )(y + z )
xyz
3(xy + xz + yz )
xy + xz + yz
(x + y )(x + z )(y + z )
cyc
xyz (x + y ) 3(x + y ) (x + y )3 +
cyc
(xy + xz + yz )3 (x + y )(x + z )(y + z ) 3x2 y 2 z 2 +6x y z

2 2 2 cyc
(x + y )(x + z ) (x + y )(x + z ) (2x3 + 3x2 y + 3x2 z )+

cyc
(xy + xz + yz )3 (x + y )(x + z )(y + z ) 3x2 y 2 z 2 +3x2 yz

cyc
(x + y )(x + z )2 z 2 (x + y )y 2 (x + z ).
fy ewEqw 2 z 2 (x + y )y 2 (x + z ) y 2 x + y 2 z + z 2 x + z 2 y. reneD it remins to prove tht
(xy + xz + yz )3 (x + y )(x + z )(y + z ) 3x2 y 2 z 2

cyc
(2x3 + 3x2 y + 3x2 z )+
+3x2 yz cyc (x + y )(x + z )(y 2 x + y 2 z + z 2 x + z 2 y ), whih is equivlent to 5 4 5 3 4 3 2 4 4 3 3 3 sym (x y + x y z 5x y z + x y z + 2x y z ) 0, whih is true y ewEqw euse (x5 y 4 + x5 y 3 z 5x4 y 3 z 2 + x4 y 4 z + 2x3 y 3 z 3 ) 0
sym
FiFh
2 1 5 x4 y 3 z 2 . (x5 y 4 + x5 y 3 z + x4 y 4 z + x4 z 4 y + 2x3 y 3 z 3 ) 3 3 sym sym
RRF vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersD no two of whih re zeroF rove tht
a b c a2 b + b2 c + c2 a 5 + + + 2 2 2 b + c c + a a + b ab + bc + ca 2
QT
Solution
IFFFsume p = 1 nd vemm ab2 + bc2 + ca2
4 27
a b c ab(a + b) + + + 2 b + c c + a a + b ab + bc2 + ca2 7 2
e hve
a 1 2q + 3r 27q 81r b c ab(a + b) + + + 2 + 2 2 b + c c + a a + b ab + bc + ca qr 4 27r

e need prove tht
1 2q + 3r 27q 81r 7 + qr 4 27r 2 1+r 27q 12 7 2+ +3 qr 4 27r 2 1 + r 27q 12 5 + qr 4 27r 2
135r2 + r(81q + 2) + (54q 2 + 8 44q ) 0 f (r) = 135r2 + r(81q + 2) + (54q 2 + 8 44q ) f (r) = 270r + 81q + 2 0 @euse q 9rA f (r ) f (
PFFFFFFFF
570q 2 349q + 55 4q 1 )= 0 9 9
a b c a2 b + b2 c + c2 a 5 + + + 2 b + c c + a a + b ab + bc2 + ca2 2
cyc
a 1 b+c 2
(a2 c a2 b) a2 c
cyc
a b (c a) (a b)(b c)(c a) 2(b + c) a2 c + b2 a + c2 b 1 1 b+c a+c (a b)(b c)(c a) a2 c + b2 a + c2 b
cyc
ab 2
cyc
(a b)2 2(a b)(b c)(c a) . (a + c)(b + c) a2 c + b2 a + c2 b
if (a b)(b c)(c a) 0 then the inequlity holdsF 2 c+b2 a+c2 b vet (a b)(b c)(c a) > 0 nd a a2 b+b2 c+c2 a = t. hen t > 1. fy ewEqw e otinX
cyc
(a b)2 (a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 33 . (a + c)(b + c) (a + b)2 (a + c)2 (b + c)2
27(a2 c + b2 a + c2 b)3 8(a + b)2 (a + c)2 (b + c)2 (a b)(b c)(c a).

QU
fut
(a + b)(a + c)(b + c) =
cyc 3
(a2 b + a2 c) + 2abc
16 9 (t 2
4 3
(a2 b + a2 c).
cyc
id estD it remins to prove tht 27t 8 + 1) (t 1), whih oviousF RSF por ll nonnegtive rel numers a, b nd cD no two of whih re zeroD
3 1 1 1 + + 2 2 2 ( a + b) (b + c) (c + a )
3abc(a + b + c)(a + b + c)2 4(ab + bc + ca)3
1 1 1 Solution epling a, b, c y a , b , c respetivelyD e hve to prove tht
3 3(ab + bc + ca)(ab + bc + ca)2 a2 b2 . (a + b)2 4(a + b + c)3 xowD using guhy hwrz inequlityD e hve (ab + bc + ca)2 (ab + bc + ca)2 a2 b2 = . (a + b)2 (a + b)2 + (b + c)2 + (c + a)2 2(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca) it suffies to prove tht 3 (ab + bc + ca)2 2 2 2 2(a + b + c + ab + bc + ca) or equivlentlyD 2(a + b + c)3 3
tht is
3(ab + bc + ca)(ab + bc + ca)2 4(a + b + c)3
3(ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca),
4(a + b + c)6 27(ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)2

fy ewEqwD e see tht
27(ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)2
1 2
3
2(ab + bc + ca) + (a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca) + (a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)

hereforeD our Solution is ompleted RTF 1 1 1 1 2 2 ( + + ) + 3 a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2 SolutionX ewrite our inequlity sX
= 4(a+b+c)6 .
1 3(a + b + c)2 . a2 + bc 2(a2 + b2 + c2 )(ab + bc + ca)

e will onsider P sesX gse IF a2 + b2 + c2 2(ab + bc + ca), then pplying guhy hwrz inequlityD e n redue our inequlity to
6 (a + b + c)2 , a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca (a2 + b2 + c2 )(ab + bc + ca) (a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca)(2ab + 2bc + 2ca a2 b2 c2 ) 0, whih is trueF gse PF a2 + b2 + c2 2(ab + bc + ca), then (a + b + c)2 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ), whih yields tht 3(a + b + c)2 3 , 2(a2 + b2 + c2 )(ab + bc + ca) ab + bc + ca
QV
nd e just need to prove tht
1 1 1 3 + + , a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab ab + bc + ca whih is just your very known @nd nieA inequlityF RUF vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersD no two of whih re zeroF rove tht (a) 2a2 1 1 1 1 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + bc 2b + ca 2c + ab ab + bc + ca a + b2 + c2
SolutionX Ist Solution

fy guhy inequlityD
(b + c)2 (2a2 + bc)

cyc cyc
1 4(a + b + c)2 2a2 + bc
it remins to show tht
(b + c)2 (2a2 + bc) 4(a2 + b2 + c2 )(ab + bc + ca)

cyc
whih is esyF Pnd SolutionF ine ab + bc + ca = 2a2 + bc cyc e need to show

cyc
cyc
bc + 2a2 + bc
cyc
a(b + c) 2a2 + bc
2a2
bc 1 + bc
nd
cyc
a(b + c) 2(ab + bc + ca) 2 2a + bc a2 + b2 + c2
he former is illEknownX if x, y, z 0 suh tht xyz = 1D then
1 1 1 + + 1 2x + 1 2y + 1 2z + 1 he lterX y guhy inequlityD a(b + c)(2a2 + bc)

cyc cyc
a(b + c) 4(ab + bc + ca)2 2a2 + bc
he result then follows from the following identity
a(b + c)(2a2 + bc) = 2(ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 )

cyc
Qrd SolutionF
2(a + b + c)(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 + 3abc cyc (a2 + ab + b2 )(a b)2 LHS RHS = a+b+c (2a2 + bc)(2b2 + ca)(2c2 + ab)(ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) Qrd SolutionF essume tht c = min{a, b, c}D then the guhy hwrz inequlity yields 1 1 4 + , 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca 2(a2 + b2 ) + c(a + b)
QW
then e just need to prove tht
4 1 1 2 , + + 2(a2 + b2 ) + c(a + b) ab + 2c2 ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2

or equivlently
c(a + b 2c) 2c(a + b 2c) 2 , (ab + 2c2 )(ab + bc + ca) (a + b2 + c2 )(2a2 + 2b2 + ac + bc)
tht is
(a2 + b2 + c2 )(2a2 + 2b2 + ac + bc) 2(ab + 2c2 )(ab + bc + ca),

whih is true sine a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca nd 2a2 + 2b2 + ac + bc 2(ab + 2c2 ). honeF RVF vet a, b, c e positive rel numer F rove thtX
(c)
2(
1 1 1 1 1 + + ) + a2 + 8bc b2 + 8ca c2 + 8ab ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2

1 1 1 a, b, c
SolutionX
epling a, b, c y respetivelyD e n rewrite our inequlity s
4(a + b + c)
a b c + + 8a2 + bc 8b2 + ca 8c2 + ab
2+
2abc(a + b + c) . a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2
xowD ssume tht c = mina, b, cD then e hve the following estimtionsX
(a b)2 (32ab 12ac 12bc + c2 ) a(4a + 4b + c) b(4a + 4b + c) + 2 = 0, 8a2 + bc 8b2 + ca (8a2 + bc)(8b2 + ca)
nd
2abc(a + b + c) 2c(a + b + c) . 2 2 2 2 +b c +c a ab + 2c2 ith these estimtionsD e n redue our inequlity to a2 b2 3ac 3bc 4c(a + b + c) 2c(a + b + c) + + , 8a2 + bc 8b2 + ca 8c2 + ab ab + 2c2
or
3b 2(a + b + c)(4c2 ab) 3a + . 8a2 + bc 8b2 + ca (ab + 2c2 )(ab + 8c2 )
eording to guhy hwrz inequlityD e hve
3a 3b 12 + 8a2 + bc 8b2 + ca 8(a + b) + c

a b
b a
6 8(a + b) + c
a b
b a
(a + b + c)(4c2 ab) . (ab + 2c2 )(ab + 8c2 )
if 4c2 abD then it is trivilF ytherwiseD e hve a b ab c2 a + b c + ab c , nd b + a c2 + ab . e need to prove
8 c+
ab c
6 +c
ab c2
c2 ab
2 2c + ab c (4c ab) , (ab + 2c2 )(ab + 8c2 )
RH
whih isD fter expndingD equivlent to
(9ab 4c2 )(ab c2 )2 0, c(ab + 8c2 )(c4 + 8abc2 + 9a2 b2 )

whih is true s c = mina, b, c. yur Solution is ompletedF RWF vet a, b, c > 0Frove thtX
1 1 1 2 1 5 ( + + ) + 3 4a2 + bc 4b2 + ca 4c2 + ab ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2
SolutionX
essume tht c = min(a, b, c)D then e hve the following estimtionsX
1 4 1 (a b)2 (32ab 12ac 12bc + c2 ) + = 0, 4a2 + bc 4b2 + ca 8ab + ac + bc (4a2 + bc)(4b2 + ca)(8ab + ac + bc) 1 1 . 2 2 +b +c 2ab + c2 sing theseD e n redue our inequlity to a2 20 5 6 3 + + . 8ab + ac + bc ab + 4c2 ab + ac + bc 2ab + c2 henote x = a + b 2 ab then this inequlity n e rewritten s f ( x) =
e hve nd
20 6 5 3 + 0. cx + 8ab cx + ab ab + 4c2 2ab + c2
6c 20 20c 20c 140abc = 0. 2 2 2 (cx + ab) (cx + 8ab) (cx + ab)(cx + 8ab) (cx + 8ab) (cx + ab)(cx + 8ab)2 his shows tht f (x) is inresingD nd e just need to prove tht f (2 ab) 0, whih is equivlent to f (x) = 7c(13t2 + 6tc + 8c2 )(t c)2 0, t(t + 2c)(4t + c)(2t2 + c2 )(t2 + 4c2 )
here
t= ab
his is oviously nonnegtiveD so our Solution is ompletedF SHF vet a, b nd c rel numers suh tht a + b + c + d = e = 0F rove thtX
30(a4 + b4 + c4 + d4 + e4 ) 7(a2 + b2 + c2 )2
SolutionX
xotie tht there exitst three numers mong a, b, c, d, e hvinh the sme singF vet these numer e a, b, c, d, e Fithout loss of generlityDe my ssume tht a, b, c 0@it notDe n tke 1, b, cAF xow Dusing the guhyEhwrz inequlityDe hveX
[(9(a4 +b4 +c4 )+2(d4 +e4 ))+7d4 +7e4 )](84+63+63) [2 21(9(a4 + b4 + c4 ) + 2(d4 + e4 ))+21d2 +21e2 ]2 .
RI
end thusDit suffies to prove thtX
2
yr
9(a4 + b4 + c4 ) + 2(d4 + e4 ))
21(a2 + b2 + c2 ).
36(a4 + b4 + c4 ) + 8(d4 + e4 ) 21(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 .

ine
d4 + e4
(d2 + e2 )2 (d + e)4 (a + b + c)4 = , 2 8 8
36(a4 + b+ c4 ) + (a + b + c + d)4 21(a2 + b2 + c2 )2

hih is true nd it is esy to proveF SIF vet a, b, c > 0Frove thtX
a(b + c) b(c + a) c(a + b) 1 + 2 + 2 2 a + bc b + ca c + ab 2
27 + (a + b + c)
1 1 1 + + a b c
Solution
a2 (b + c)2 +2 (a2 + bc)2

xotie tht
ab(b + c)(c + a) 15 1 + (a2 + bc)(b2 + ca) 2 4
b+c a
(a2 + bc)(b2 + ca) ab(b + c)(c + a) = c(a + b)(a b)2

then
2
@IA yther hndD
ab(b + c)(c + a) 6 (a2 + bc)(b2 + ca)
a2 (b + c)2 (a2 + bc)2
1 a2 (b + c)2 = 4a2 bc 4
b c + +2 c b
@PA prom @IA nd @PA e hve done3 fesidesD y the sm wysD e hve nie Solution for n old prolemX
a(b + c) a2 + bc
SPF por ny positive rel numers a, b nd cD
1 a
a(b + c) + a2 + bc
b(c + a) + b2 + ca
c(a + b) c2 + ab
a+ b+
1 1 1 + + a c b
SolutionX
e hve the inequlity is equivlent to
2
a(b + c) a2 + bc
1 a
RP
<=>
a(b + c) +2 a2 + bc
ab(a + c)(b + c) (a2 + bc)(b2 + ca)
1 a
e n esily prove tht
ab(a + c)(b + c) 3 (a2 + bc)(b2 + ca)

oD it suffies to prove tht
<=>
a(b + c) +6 a2 + bc
1 a
o prove this ineqD e only need to prove tht
a + b c(a + b) 2 10 c + ab ab
fut this is trivilD euse
a + b c(a + b) 2 1 = (a + b) c + ab ab 2 ab
e re doneF SQF vet a, b, c > 0F rove thtX
1 c 2 ab c + ab
1 c 2 1 ab c + ab 2 c ab 0 1= c2 + ab
(a + b + c)3 ab2 + bc2 + ca2 + 10 3abc a3 + b3 + c3
Solution
ab2 + bc2 + ca2 a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc a3 + b3 + c3
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 10 abc
sing ewEqw9s inequlity De hveX
a3 + b3 + c3 ab2 + bc2 + ca2 + 2 3abc a3 + b3 + c3
ab2 + bc2 + ca2 2 3abc
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8 abc

SRF in ny tringle efg show tht
ama + bmb + cmc
bcma +
camb + abmc
SolutionX
e hve to prove the inequlity
ama + bmb + cmc
bcma +
camb + abmc
D where ma D mb D mc re the medins of tringle efgF 2bc 2ca 2ab ine b bcD c ca nd a ab +c +a +b
RQ
y the rwEqw inequlityD it will e enough to show the stronger inequlity
ama + bmb + cmc

D sine then e will hve
2bc 2ca 2ab ma + mb + mc b+c c+a a+b
ama + bmb + cmc
2ca 2ab 2bc ma + mb + mc b+c c+a a+b bcma + camb + abmc
nd the initil inequlity will e provenF o in the followingD e will onentrte on proving this stronger inequlityF feuse the inequlity e hve to prove is symmetriD e n vyq ssume tht a b cF henD lerlyD bc ca abF 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 yn the other hndD using the formuls m2 nd m2 a = 4 2b + 2c a b = 4 2c + 2 a b D e n get s result of strightforwrd omputtionF
ma b+c
mb c+a
3ac + 3bc + a2 + b2 + 4c2 (a + b c) (b a) 4 (b + c) (c + a)

2 2
xowD the frtion on the right hnd side is 0D sine 3ac + 3bc + a2 + b2 + 4c2 0 @this is trivilAD
a + b c > 0 @in ftD a + b > c euse of the tringle inequlityA nd b a 0 @sine a bAF reneD
ma b+c
ma wht yields b +c mb mc F c+a a+b husD e hve 2
mb c+a
ma b+c
0
imilrlyD using b cD e n find
mb c+a
nd thus
mb c+a F
ma mb mc b+c c+a a+b ine e hve lso bc ca abD the sequenes mb mc ma ; ; b+c c+a a+b
nd (bc; ca; ab) re eqully sortedF husD the errngement inequlity yields
ma mb mc ma mb mc bc + ca + ab ca + ab + bc b+c c+a a+b b+c c+a a+b ma mb mc ma mb mc bc + ca + ab ab + bc + ca b+c c+a a+b b+c c+a a+b umming up these two inequlitiesD e get 2 ma mb mc bc + 2 ca + 2 ab b+c c+a a+b
RR nd

his simplifies to
ma mb mc (ca + ab) + (ab + bc) + (bc + ca) b+c c+a a+b
2bc 2ca 2ab ma + mb + mc b+c c+a a+b mb mc ma a (b + c) + b (c + a ) + c (a + b) b+c c+a a+b 2bc 2ca 2ab ma + mb + mc ama + bmb + cmc b+c c+a a+b ama + bmb + cmc
iF eF to husD e hve
2bc 2ca 2ab ma + mb + mc b+c c+a a+b nd the Solution is ompleteF xote tht in eh of the inequlities ama + bmb + cmc
nd
bcma +
camb + abmc
2bc 2ca 2ab ma + mb + mc b+c c+a a+b equlity holds only if the tringle efg is equilterlF SSF por aD bD c positive rels prove tht ama + bmb + cmc a2 + 3 b2 + 3 c2 + 3 4 3 =
3
abc (ab + bc + ca)
SolutionX
hivide abc for oth term nd tke x = 3 3 ) (4 (xy + xy 3 ) (x + y + z ) xote thtX
bc a ;y ac b ;z
ab c
nd e must prove thtX
LHS 3(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) + x2 y 2 z 2 +
STF veta, b, c > 0 Frove thtX
4 4 (x + y + z )2 + 4 4(x + y + z ) ( )3 (x + y + z ). x2 y 2 z 2 3
a+b b+c c+a 3 6 + + . c a2 + b2 a b2 + c2 b c2 + a2 a2 + b2 + c2
Solution
IFFFelterntivelyD using gheyshev nd guhyD
cycl
a+b 2(a + b + c) 2 2 3 c a +b a+b+c 3
cycl
a2
b2
6(a + b + c) 2 2 cycl c a + b 6(a2 + b2 + c2 )
nd
c a2 + b2
cycl
a2 + b2
cycl
a+b+c 3
gomining e get the desired resultF SUF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 + abc = 4 rove tht
a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 a2 + b2 + c2
RS
SolutionX
vet a = 2
yz (x+y )(x+z ) , b
=2
xz (x+y )(y +z )
nd c = 2
xy (x+z )(y +z ) ,
where x, y nd z re positive numers @ esy to hek tht it exists AF husD it remins to prove tht
cyc
xy (x + z )(y + z )
4 2
cyc
4x2 yz , (x + y )(x + z )(y + z )2
whih equivlent to
cyc (x
y + x4 z 2 2x4 yz +2x3 y 3 2x2 y 2 z 2 ) 0, whih true y ewEqwF
SVF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht a + b + c = 1Frove tht
c2 a2 3 b2 + + 2 2 a+b b+c c + a2 4
Solution
e hve
a2 + b2 + c2 b2 c2 a2 + + 4 2 2 2 4 a+b b+c c+a (a + b + c4 ) + (ab2 + bc2 + ca2 )

rene it suffies to prove tht
a2 + b2 + c2 3 (a4 + b4 + c4 ) + (ab2 + bc2 + ca2 ) 4 4 4 a4 + 8

ine e lwys hve
a2
ab2 a4 + 3
a +3
a4
a2 b2 3
a2 b2 + abc2 + a3 c a +3 a3 c
a4 + 5
a2 b2 3abc
3 a3 c + b3 a + c3 b a2 + b2 + c2
herefor it suffies to prove tht
= a4 + b4 + c4 + 2 a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2
3 a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 3abc (a + b + c)
whih oviously trueF SWF vet a; b; c > 0F rove tht
ab+c + ba+c + ca+b 1
Solution
if a 1 or b 1 or c 1 then the inequlity is true if 0 a, b, c 1 then suppose c = mina, b, c C if a + b < 1 e hve b + c < 1 Dc + a < 1 RT
epply fernoulle 9 inequlity
1 1 a b+c (b + c)(1 a) a+b+c ( )b+c ) = (1 + ) <1+ < a a a a a b+c herefore a > a+b+c imilr for bc+a nd ca+b dedue ab+c + ba+c + ca+b > 1
C if a + b > 1 then ab+c + ba+c + ca+b > ab+c + ba+c aa+b + ba+b epply fernoulle 9 inequlity e hve X haa+b = (1 + (a 1))a+b > 1 + (a + b)(a 1) imilr forba+b whene ab+c + ba+c + ca+b > 2 + (a + b)(a + b 2) = (a + b 1)2 + 1 1 THF vet a, b, c e the sidelengths of tringle with perimeter 2 ( a + b + c = 2). rove tht
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3 <3 + + b c a c a b
SolutionX
his ineq is equivlent toX
|a4 c + c4 b + b4 a a4 b bc c4 a| 3abc <=> |(a b)(b c)(c a)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)| 3abc

fy ve ustitution D denoteX a = x + y, b = y + z, c = z + xD so x + y + z = 1D this ineq eomesX
|(x y )(y z )(z x)(3(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) + 5(xy + yz + zx)| 3(x + y )(y + z )(z + x)

isy to see tht |(x y )(y z )(z x)| (x + y )(y + z )(z + x) o e need to prove (3(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) + 5(xy + yz + zx) 3 = 3(x + y + z )2
<=> xy + yz + zx 0
whih is ovious true FiFh F TIF qiven xDyDzbHFrove tht
x(y + z )2 y (x + z )2 z (x + y )2 + + = 2x + y + z x + 2y + z x + y + 2z
(3xyz (x + y + z ))
SolutionX
x(y + z )2 2x + y + z 3xyz (x + y + z ) =
cyc
=
cyc
x( y + z ) 2 yz 2x + y + z
+ xy + xz + yz
3xyz (x + y + z ) =
=
cyc
z 2 (x y ) y 2 (z x) + 2x + y + z
z 2 (x y )2
cyc
2 xy + xz + yz +
RU
3xyz (x + y + z )
=
cyc
(x y )
z2 z2 2x + y + z 2y + x + z z 2 (x y )2
+
cyc
2 xy + xz + yz + z
2
3xyz (x + y + z ) z . (2x + y + z )(2y + x + z )

2
=
cyc
(x y )2
2 xy + xz + yz +
3xyz (x + y + z )
(2x + y + z )(2y + x + z ) 2 xy + xz + yz +
fut
3xyz (x + y + z ) .
(2x + y + z )(2y + x + z ) 2 xy + xz + yz + 2x2 + 2y 2 + z 2 + 3xy + xz + yz 2

whih is true euse
3xyz (x + y + z ) 3xyz (x + y + z ),
x2 + y 2 + z 2 xy + xz + yz
it seems tht the following inequlity is true tooF vet x, y nd z re positive numersF rove thtX
3xyz (x + y + z ).
x( y + z ) 2 y (x + z )2 z (x + y )2 4 + + 3x + 2 y + 2 z 2x + 3y + 2z 2x + 2 y + 3 z 7
3xyz (x + y + z )
TPF vet a, b R suh tht 9a2 + 8ab + 7b2 6 rove tht X7a + 5b + 12ab 9 SolutionX IFFF fy ewEqw inequlityD e see tht
7a + 5b + 12ab 7 a2 +
1 4
+ 5 b2 +
1 4
+ 12ab
= (9a2 + 8ab + 7b2 ) 2(a b)2 + 3 (9a2 + 8ab + 7b2 ) + 3 6 + 3 = 9.

iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = 1 2. TQF vet x, y nd z re positive numers suh tht x + y + z = rove tht xyz + yz + zx + xy 4. SolutionX
1 x
1 y
1 +z .
xyz (x + y + z ) 4xyz (x + y + z )2 +x+y+z yz + zx + xy (yz + zx + xy )2 = 1+ 4xyz (x + y + z )2 3xyz +x+y+z yz + zx + xy (yz + zx + xy )2 x3 (y z )2 + y 3 (z x)2 + z 3 (x y )2 0 = (yz + zx + xy )2 1 1 1 4 + + xyz + yz + zx + xy 4 x y z xyz
RV
TRF vet a, b, ca0 stisfy a + b + c = 1 1 rove tht (a2 + b2 )(b2 + c2 )(c2 + a2 )a 32 SolutionX let f (a, b, c) = (a2 + b2 )(b2 + c2 )(c2 + a2 ) let c = max(a, b, c); e hve f (a, b, c) f (a + b, 0, c)@whih is equivlent ab(4abc2 + a3 b + ab3 4a2 c2 4b2 c2 2c4 ) 0@trueA e will prove tht f (a + b, 0, c) = f (1 c, 0, c) 1 2 whih is equivlent to
1 (16c4 32c3 + 20c2 4c 1))(1 + 2c)2 0 32

rememer tht 16c4 32c3 + 20c2 4c 1 = 4(2c2 2c + 14 5 )(2c2 2c + TSF vet a, b, c e the sides of tringleF rove thtX
1+ 5 4 )
0 for every c [0, 1]
b c 3 a + + 2a b + c 2b c + a 2c a + b 2
SolutionX
the inequlity is equivlent to
1 1+
a a+cb
3 2
fy guhy e hve X
a +12 a+cb
o e need to prove
a a+cb
a+cb 3 a feuse a, b, c e the sides of tringle so e hveX

B 2 sin C a+cb sin A + sin C sin B 2 cos 2 = = a sin A cos A 2
it9s following tht
cos B sin C + cos C sin A + cos A sin B a+cb 2 2 2 = a cos A cos B cos C
2 2 2
2C 2A cos2 B 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 (sin C + sin A + sin B ) B C cos A 2 cos 2 cos 2
2 (cos B + cos C + cos A) + 6
3 2. + 6 = 3 2
TTF vet a, b, c, d > 0Frove the following inequlityFhen does the equlity holdc
3 5 7 9 36 + + + + 1 1+a 1+a+b 1+a+b+c 1+a+b+c+d
4 1+
1 1 1 1 + + + a b c d
RW
SolutionX
e n hve
(1 + a + b + c + d)(
so
4 16 36 64 4 2 4 6 8 + + + + ) ( + + + + 2)2 = 9 25 25a 25b 25c d 5 5 5 5
(
nd
4 16 36 64 4 1 + + + + ) 36 25 25a 25b 25c d 1+a+b+c+d 9 9 81 36 3 3 9 6 + + + )( + + + ) 100 25a 100b 25c 10 5 10 5
(1 + a + b + c)(
so e hve
(
nd
9 81 36 1 9 + + + )9 100 25a 100b 25c 1+a+b+c (1 + a + b)( 7 7 7 + + )7 36 9a 4b
e get
(
nd then
7 7 7 7 + + ) 36 9a 4b 1+a+b 5 20 (1 + a)( + ) 5 9 9a
5 20 5 + 9 9a 1+a nd dd these inequlity up e n solve the prolemF TUF vet DD e positive rel numer suh tht 9 + 3abc = 4(ab + bc + ca) rove tht a + b + c 3 SolutionX ke a = x + 1; b = y + 1; c = z + 1Dthen e must prove thtX x + y + z 0 when 5(x + y + z ) + xy + xz + yz = 3xyz e onsider three seX +z )2 gse IXxyz 0 (x+y + 5(x + y + z ) 3 5(x + y + z ) + xy + xz + yz = 3xyz 0 x + y + z 0
gse PX x 0; y 0; z 0 essume tht x + y + z 0 x y + z F
5(x + y + z ) = yz (3x 1) x(y + z ) 4yz + (y + z )2 = (y z )2 0

gse QX x 0; y 0; z 0Fyserve tht x, y, z [0, 1] thenX
0 = 5(x+y +z )+xy +yz +xz 3xyz 5(x+y +z )+2(xy +xz +yz ) 5(x+y +z )+
o e hve doneF TVF if a, b, c, d re nonEnegtive rel numers suh tht a + b + c + d = 4D then
2(x + y + z )2 x +y +z 0 3
a2 b2 c2 d2 + + + 1. b2 + 3 c2 + 3 d2 + 3 a2 + 3
SH
yviyxX fy guhyEhwrz
[a2 (b2 + 3) + b2 (c2 + 3) + c2 (d2 + 3)](
a2 b2 c2 d2 + 2 + 2 + 2 ) (a2 + b2 + c2 )2 . +3 c +3 d +3 a +3 prom guhy e see tht it is suffiient to prove tht b2 (a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 )2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 ) + a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 d2 + d2 a2
whih n e rewritten s
(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 )(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 3) a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 d2 + d2 a2
xow you must homogeneize to hve rrze form
(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 )(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 3(
whih follows from
a+b+c+d 2 ) ) a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 d2 + d2 a2 4
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 4
nd
(x + y + z + t)2 4(xy + yz + zt + tx)

with x = a2 nd similrF TWF if a 2D b 2D c 2 re relsD then prove tht
8 a3 + b
yviyxX vets write LHS s
b3 + c
c3 + a 125 (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
8 (a3 b3 c3 + abc + a4 b3 + b4 c3 + c4 a3 + a4 c + b4 a + c4 b)
prom the wuirheds inequlity e hve tht
a4 b3 + b4 c3 + c4 a3
nd
a3 b2 c2 = a2 b2 c2 (a + b + c) a3 bc = abc(a2 + b2 + c2 )
a4 c + b4 a + c4 b
F()N owletsseethat a2 b2 c2 = (ab)(bc)(ca) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)T hisiseasytoprove. F romthe@BBAW egetthat LHS 8(a3 b3 c3 + abc + a2 b2 c2 (a + b + c) + abc(a2 + b2 + c2 ))
= 8a2 b2 c2 (abc +
so e hve to prove tht X
1 a2 + b2 + c2 +a+b+c+ ) abc abc
abc +
1 a2 + b2 + c2 125 +a+b+c+ abc abc 8
SI
or
8a2 b2 c2 + 8 + 8abc(a + b + c) + 8(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 125abc

vyq let a b c xow let abc = P e will mke tht following hnge
a
nd b b where
1 nd a F
he RHS doesnt hngeF in the LHS the first prt lso doesn9t hngeF
a+b
+b
equivlent to ( 1)(a b ) whih is trueF elso e get tht
a2 + b2
a2
2
+ b2
o s e get the numers loser to eh other the LHS dereses while the RHS remins the sme so it is enough to prove the inequlity for the se a = b = c whih is equivlent to X
8a6 + 8 + 24a4 + 24a2 125a3

hih is pretty esyF UHD vet a, b, c 0F rove thtX
2a2
1 1 1 9 . + + 2 2 2( a + b + c) + ab + bc 2b + bc + ca 2c + ca + ab
SolutionX
e hveX
cyc
2a2
1 = + ab + bc
cyc
cyc
2a+b+c 2
2a + b + c 2a2 + ab + bc .
2a + b + c
2a+b+c 2 2
+ 2a2 + ab + bc 9 2(a + b + c)
fut
cyc
2a + b + c
2a+b+c 2 2
2a2
+ ab + bc
cyc
(100a6 + 600a5 b + 588a5 c + 1123a4 b2 357a4 c2 1842a3 b3 + +1090a4 bc 1414a3 b2 c + 1330a3 c2 b 1218a2 b2 c2 ) 0,
whih is esyF UIF vet DD b H Frove tht X
a b c 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + a + 2b b + 2c c + 2a (a + b + c)2
SP
SolutionX
1 a a + 2b 3 6(ab + bc + ca) 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) = 2 (a + b + c) (a + b + c)2
b c a 3(ab + bc + ca) + + a + 2b b + 2c c + 2a (a + b + c)2
fy guhyEhwrz e get
b a + 2b
it suffie to show tht
b(a + 2b) (a + b + c)2
(a + b + c)4 3(ab + bc + ca)(ab + bc + ca + 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 )

ithout loss of generosityDssume tht ab + bc + ca = 3Dthen it eomes
(a + b + c)2 9
whih is oviousF UPF vet a, b, c, d e positive rel numersF rove tht the following inequlity holds
b4 + c4 c4 + d4 d4 + a4 a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 a4 + b4 + + + (a + b)(a2 + ab + b2 ) (b + c)(b2 + bc + c2 ) (c + d)(c2 + cd + d2 ) (d + a)(d2 + da + a2 ) a+b+c+d
SolutionX
1 2 2 2 a4 + b4 2 (a + b ) (a + b)(a2 + ab + b2 ) (a + b)(a2 + ab + b2 )
hus D it remins to prove tht
cyc
(a2 + b2 )2 2(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 ) 2 2 (a + b)(a + ab + b ) a+b+c+d
eording to guhyEhwrz inequlity e hve X
LHS
4(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 )2 A
cyc
where A = cyc (a + b)(a2 + ab + b2 ) = 2(a3 + b3 + c3 + d3 ) + 2 it suffies to show tht
ab(a + b)
2(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 )(a + b + c + d) 2(a3 + b3 + c3 + d3 ) + 2

cyc
ab(a + b) 2a2 c 0
cyc
2a3 + 2a2 b + 2a2 c + 2a2 d 2a3 2ab(a + b) =

cyc
UQF if a, b, c re nonnegtive rel numersD then
a2 + 4b2 + 4c2 (a + b + c)2 .
SolutionF
in the nontrivil se when two of DD re nonzeroD e tke squre oth sides nd write SQ
the inequlity s
a2 (a2 + 4b2 + 4c2 ) + 2
ab (a2 + 4b2 + 4c2 )(4a2 + b2 + 4c2 ) (
a) .
epplying the guhyEhwrz inequlity in omintion with the trivil inequlity
(u + 4v )(v + 4u) 2u + 2v +
e get
2uv u, v 0, u + v > 0, u+v
ab
(a2 + 4b2 + 4c2 )(4a2 + b2 + 4c2 ) ab 2a2 + 2b2 + 2a2 b2 + 4c2 . a2 + b2
ab
(a2 + 4b2 )(b2 + 4a2 ) + 4c2
a4 + 8
a2 b2 + 4
ab(a2 + b2 ) + 8abc 4 ( a) .
a+4
a3 b3 a2 +b2
his inequlity redues toF URF vet DD e nonnegtive rel numersD no two of whih re zeroF rove tht
c2 + a 2 a 2 + b2 2a 2b 2c b2 + c2 + 2 + 2 + + . 2 a + bc b + ca c + ab b+c c+a a+b
SolutionF
fy the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e hve
b2 + c 2 a2 + bc
(b2 + c2 ) = 2 (b + c2 )(a2 + bc)
4(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 . ab(a2 + b2 ) + 2 a2 b2
2(a2 + b2 + c2 )2
ine
ab(a2 + b2 ) + 2 b+c
a2 b2
.4
ab(a2 + b2 ) + 2
a2 b2 =
= (b + c)[a3 + 2a2 (b + c) + bc(b + c) + a(b2 bc + c2 )] 4a2 bc,

this inequlity n e written s
a2
+ 4abc
a2 b+c
a[a3 + 2a2 (b + c) + bc(b + c) + a(b2 bc + c2 )],
or equivlentlyD
a4 + 2
a2 b2 + 4abc
a2 abc b+c
a+2
a3 (b + c).
xowD y gheyshev9s inequlityD e hve
a2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) , b+c 2(a + b + c)

SR
nd thusD it suffies to show tht
a4 + 2
a2 b2 +
6abc a
a2
abc
a+2
a3 (b + c).
efter some simple omputtionsD e n write this inequlity s
a3 (a b)(a c) + b3 (b c)(b a) + c3 (c a)(c b) 0,

whih is hur9s inequlityF he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c, ora = b nd c = 0, or ny yli permuttionFF
a2 b2 + 2
or
a2
a 3 b3 2abc + b2 a.
a,
a2 b2 (a + b)2 2abc a 2 + b2 fy the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e hve
a2 b2 (a + b)2 [ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a)]2 , a2 + b2 (a2 + b2 ) + (b2 + c2 ) + (c2 + a2 )

nd thusD it is enough to to hek tht
[ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a)]2 4abc(a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ).

ithout loss of generlityD ssume tht b is etien and cF prom the ewEqw inequlityD e hve
4abc(a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) [ac(a + b + c) + b(a2 + b2 + c2 )]2 .

yn the other hndD one hs
ac(a + b + c) + b(a2 + b2 + c2 ) [ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a)] = = b(a b)(b c) 0.

gomining these two inequlitiesD the onlusion followsF iqulity ours if nd only if aaD or a = b = 0, orb = c = 0, orc = a = 0. USF vet a, b, c e positive rel numerF rove thtX
2(b + c) 27(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) a 4(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)
SolutionF
fy ewEqw inequlity e hve
1 a 2(a2 + bc)
b+c
2a. (ab + ac)(a2 + bc)
2(b + c) a.(a + b)(a + c)
(b + c)
fy gheyselv inequlity e hve
2(b + c) 9(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) a 2(ab + bc + ca)
(b + c)
2(b + c) 2 (a + b + c). a 3
SS
2(b + c) a
reneD it suffies to show tht
2(b + c) 27(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) a 4(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)

fy guhyEhwrz inequlityD e get
2(b + c) a
end y ewEqw inequlityD
a(b + c)2 16(a + b + c)3
27(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8(a + b + c)3

pinllyD e need to show tht
16(a + b + c)3 27.8(a + b + c)3 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 2 a(b + c) 16(a + b + c)2 (ab + bc + ca)2
or
32(a + b + c)2 (ab + bc + ca)2 27(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) ((a + b)(b + c)(c + a) + 4abc)
or
5x2 + 32y 2 44xy

where e setting x = (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)D y = abc nd using the equlity (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) = x + y he lst inequlity is true euse it equivlent (x 8y )(5x 4y ) 0D oviouslyF UTF if DD re positive rel numersD then
1 a
pirst SolutionF fy rolder9s inequlityD e hve
2(a2
+ bc)
9 . 2(ab + bc + ca)
1 a a2 + bc
it follows tht
a2 + bc a
1 a
1 2 a a + bc
nd heneD it suffies to prove tht
(ab + bc + ca)3 a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 + a2 bc
2(ab + bc + ca)5 81a2 b2 c2
a 2 b2 +
a2 bc .
etting x = bc, y = ca nd z = abD this inequlity eomes
2(x + y + z )5 81xyz (x2 + y 2 + z 2 + xy + yz + zx).

sing the illEknown inequlity
xyz
(x + y + z )(xy + yz + zx) , 9
ST
e see tht it is enough to hek tht
2(x + y + z )4 9(xy + yz + zx)(x2 + y 2 + z 2 + xy + yz + zx),

whih is equivlent to the ovious inequlity
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 xy yz zx)(2x2 + 2y 2 + 2z 2 + xy + yz + zx) 0.

he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c. eond SolutionF fy the ewEqw inequlityD e hve
1 a 2(a2 + bc)
= 2a
b+c ac)(a2 + bc)
(ab +
2(b + c) . a(a + b)(a + c)
b+c 1 9 . 2a (a + b)(a + c) 4(ab + bc + ca)

ithout loss of generlityD ssume tht a b cF ine
b+c 2a
nd
c+a 2b
a+b 2c
1 1 1 , (a + b)(a + c) (b + c)(b + a) (c + a)(c + b)

y gheyshev9s inequlityD e get
b+c 1 1 2a (a + b)(a + c) 3 =
oD it suffies to show tht
b+c 2a
1 (a + b)(a + c) b+c . 2a
2(a + b + c) 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
b+c 27(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) . 2a 8(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)

etting
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc t 1. fy the ewEqw inequlityD e hve t=

6
b+c 3t. 2a
elsoD it is esy to verify tht
27(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 27t6 = 6 . 8(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) 8t + 1

oD it is enough to hek tht
3t
27t6 , 8t6 + 1
SU
or
8t6 9t5 + 1 0.
ine t 1D this inequlity is true nd the Solution is ompletedF UTF qive a1 , a2 , ..., an 0re numers hve sum is IF rove tht if n > 3 so
a1 a2 + a2 a3 + ... + an a1
SolutionX
vet n = 2k D where k N nd a1 + a3 + ... + a2k1 = xF reneD
1 4
a1 a2 + a2 a3 + ... + an a1 (a1 + a3 + ... + a2k1 ) (a2 + a4 + ... + a2k ) = 1 = x(1 x) 4 vet n = 2k 1 nd a1 = mini {ai }F reneD a1 a2 + a2 a3 + ... + an a1 a1 a2 + a2 a3 + ... + an a2 (a1 + a3 + ... + a2k1 ) (a2 + a4 + ... + a2k2 ) = 1 = x(1 x) 4
UUF vet a, b, c e nonEnegtive rel numersF rove tht
a3
b3 + 2abc c3 + 2abc a3 + 2abc + 3 + 3 1 3 3 + (b + c) b + (c + a) c + (a + b)3
Solution
e hve
a3
a3 = + (b + c)3
a3
a3 a3 3 3 3 +b +c a + (b + c)3
(a3
b3
3a3 bc(b + c) + c3 )(a3 + (b + c)3 )
2
a3 + b3 + c3 a3 + (b + c)3
a3
3a2 (b + c) + (b + c)3
2a3 3a2 (b + c) + 2b3 + 2c3 0 a3 + (b + c)3
(a b)(a2 2ab 2b2 ) + (a c)(a2 2ac 2c2 ) 0 a3 + (b + c)3 (a b)3 (c a)3 + 3c2 (c a) 3b2 (a b) 0 a3 + (b + c)3
c2 (c a) b2 (a b) 0 a3 + (b + c)3
nd
(a b)3 (c a)3 0 a3 + (b + c)3

SV
he first inequlity is equivlent to
(a b)
a2 b2 b3 + (c + a)3 a3 + (b + c)3
pinllyD to finish the SolutionD e will show tht if a bD then
b2 a2 b3 + (c + a)3 a3 + (b + c)3 a5 b5 b2 (c + a)3 a2 (b + c)3 a5 b5 a2 b2 (a b) + c3 (b2 a2 ) + 3c2 ab(b a)

whih is oviously true sine a b nd c 0F end the seond inequlity is equivlent to
(a b)3
1 1 3 a3 + (b + c)3 b + (c + a)3 (a b)4 (3c(a + b) + 3c2 ) 0 + (b + c)3 )(b3 + (c + a)3 )
(a3
whih is oviously trueF iqulity holds for a = b = c or abc = 0 UVF vet a, b, c re positive rel numersD prove tht
c a b + + b c a
+2
ab + bc + ca 5 a2 + b2 + c2
SolutionX
fy using the ill known
2
etting x =
ab+bc+ca a2 +b2 +c2
a b c + + b c a
+1
21 a2 + b2 + c2 (a + b + c)
2
1F it suffies to show tht 3 (10 x2 ) + 2x 5 2x2 + 1 3 10 x2 4x2 20x + 25 2 x2 + 1
8x4 + 40x3 57x2 + 20x + 5 0 2x2 + 1
(x 1) 8x3 + 32x2 25x 5 0 2x2 + 1
whih is lerly trueF

a b
b c
c a
a b
b c
c a
ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2
end e lso note tht the folloid is not true

a b
b c
c a
ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2
SW
UWF vet a, b, c e the sideElengths of tringle suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 3. rove tht
bc ca ab 3 + + . 2 2 2 1+a 1+b 1+c 2
SolutionF
rite the inequlity s
4a2
ine 1 =
b2 c2 a2 b2 +b2 c2 +c2 a2 ,
2bc 1. + b2 + c2
this inequlity is equivlent to
4a2
or
2bc b2 c2 2 2 2 2 +b +c a b + b2 c2 + c2 a2
0,
abc 2 2 a b + b2 c2 + c2 a2
(2a2 bc)(b c)2 0. a(4a2 + b2 + c2 )
ithout loss of generlityD ssume tht a b c. ine
(2a2 bc)(b c)2 0, a(4a2 + b2 + c2 )

(2b2 ca)(c a)2 (2c2 ab)(a b)2 + 0. b(4b2 + c2 + a2 ) c(4c2 + a2 + b2 )

ine a, b, c re the sideElengths of tringle nd a b c, e hve
2b2 ca c(b + c) ca = c(b + c a) 0,

nd
b (b c)(b + c a) a c (a b) = 0. c c
hereforeD
(2b2 ca)(c a)2 b(2b2 ca)(a b)2 . b(4b2 + c2 + a2 ) c2 (4b2 + c2 + a2 )

b(2b2 ca) c(2c2 ab) + 0, 4b2 + c2 + a2 4c2 + a2 + b2

or
b(2b2 ca) c(ab 2c2 ) 2 . 2 2 2 4b + c + a 4c + a2 + b2 ine ab 2c2 (2b2 ca) = a(b + c) 2(b2 + c2 ) a(b + c) (b + c)2 0, it is enough to hek tht c b 2 , 4b2 + c2 + a2 4c + a2 + b2
whih is true euse
b(4c2 + a2 + b2 ) c(4b2 + c2 + a2 ) = (b c)[(b c)2 + (a2 bc)] 0.

TH
he Solution is ompletedF VHF vet a, b, c, d > 0 suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 4Dthen
1 1 1 1 2 + + + 2+ a b c d abcd
Solution
write the inequlity s
abc + bcd + cda + dab 2abcd + 2.

ithout loss of generlityD ssume tht a b c d. vet
t= => 1 t 2. ine
a 2 + b2 , 2
1 1 + c d
1 1 1 1 16 + + + a b c d a+b+c+d 16 = 4, 2 4(a + b2 + c2 + d2 )
e hvec + d 2cd. hereforeD
abc + bcd + cda + dab 2abcd = ab(c + d 2cd) + cd(a + b) a2 + b2 (c + d 2cd) + cd 2(a2 + b2 ) 2 = t2 (c + d 2cd) + 2tcd.
t2 (c + d 2cd) + 2tcd 2,
or
2tcd(1 t) + t2 (c + d) 2.
sing the ewEqw inequlityD e get
(4 2t2 + 2cd) + 4 4 t2 + cd (c + d)2 + 4 = = . 4 4 2 oD it is enough to hek tht c+d 4tcd(1 t) + t2 (4 t2 + cd) 4,

or
tcd(4 3t) (2 t2 )2 .
ine 2 t2 =
c2 +d2 2
cd, e hve
(2 t2 )2 tcd(4 3t) cd(2 t2 ) tcd(4 3t) = 2cd(t 1)2 0.
TI
he Solution is ompletedF VIF vet a, b, c e positive rel numer FroveX

2
3
(a2
+ ab +
b2 ) 2
3
cyc
(2a2
+ bc)
cyc
SolutionX
2
3
(a2
+ ab +
b2 )2
3
cyc
(2a2
+ bc)
cyc
3(a2
+ ab +
b2 ) 2
9
cyc
(2a2
+ bc)
cyc
fy holder9s inequlityX
3
3(a2 + ab + b2 )2
9(
cyc
(a2 + ab + b2 ))2
cyc
o e must proveX
2
3
9(
cyc
(a2 + ab + b2 ))2
(
cyc
(2a2 + bc))
<=> (
cyc
(a2 + ab + b2 ))2 3
cyc
(2a2 + bc)2
sing guhyEhwrz9s inequlityD
3
cyc
(2a2 + bc)2 (
cyc
(2a2 + bc))2 =
cyc
(a2 + ab + b2 )2
FiFh F VPF vet a, b, c > 0Fprove thtX
cyc
1 a2 + bc
cyc
1 ab + bc + ca + a2 + 2bc 2(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 )
SolutionX
IFFF
(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 )
cyc
a2
1 + bc
=
cyc
bc +
a2 (b2 + c2 bc) a2 + bc
<=> 2
cyc
a2 (b2 bc + c2 ) ab + bc + ca a2 + bc 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + ab + bc + ca
<=> 2
cyc
a2 1 +
b2 bc + c2 a2 + bc
<=>
cyc
a2
a2 ab + bc + ca 1+ + bc 2(a2 + b2 + c2 )
TP
fy guhyEhwrzD
cyc
a2 a2 + bc
(a + b + c)2 =1+ 2 cyc a + cyc bc
ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca 1+ 2 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) cyc a + cyc bc
FiFh PFF X
(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 )
cyc
1 a2 + bc bc
cyc
=
cyc 2
b2 + c2 bc
b2 + c2 bc a2 + bc
<=> 2(a2 + b2 + c2 )
ry l
b + c2 bc 3 (a2 + b2 + c2 ) a2 + bc 2
2
cyc
bc
b2 + c2 bc a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + bc
fy ewEqw9s inequlityX
2(b2 + c2 bc) b2 + c2
end e will proveX
cyc
bc(b2 + c2 ) a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + bc
fy guhyEhwrz9s inequlityX
LHS (
sing guhyEhwrzD
ab a2 + b2 )2 bc(a2 + bc) a2 )(abc a+ a2 b2 )
bc b2 + c2 )2 (
a2 + b2
a2 + c2 a2 + bc a2 b 0)
<=> abc(a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc

it is trueF VQF if DD re positive rel numersD then
a2 (b + c) b2 (c + a) c2 (a + b) + 2 + 2 a + b + c. b2 + c 2 c + a2 a + b2
pirst SolutionF e hve
a2 (b + c) a = b2 + c2 = ab(a b) 1 1 2 b2 + c2 c + a2
TQ
ab(a b) ca(c a) b2 + c2 = ab(a + b)(a b)2 0. (a2 + c2 )(b2 + c2 )
husD it follows tht
a2 (b + c) a 0, b2 + c2 a2 (b + c) b2 (c + a) c2 (a + b) + 2 + 2 a + b + c, b2 + c 2 c + a2 a + b2 whih is just the desired inequlityF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c. eond SolutionF rving in view of the identity a2 (b + c) (b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) = b c, b2 + c2 b2 + c2 e n write the desired inequlity s b+c c+a a+b 3(a + b + c) + 2 + 2 2 . b2 + c2 c + a2 a + b2 a + b2 + c2
ithout loss of generlityD ssume tht a b cF ine a2 + c2 b2 + c2 nd or
b+c a+c (a b)(ab + bc + ca c2 ) = 0, b2 + c2 a2 + c2 (a2 + c2 )(b2 + c2 )

y gheyshev9s inequlityD e hve
[(b2 + c2 ) + (a2 + c2 )]
or
b2
b+c a+c + 2 2 +c a + c2
2[(b + c) + (a + c)],
a+c 2(a + b + 2c) b+c + 2 2 . b2 + c2 a + c2 a + b2 + 2c2 hereforeD it suffies to prove tht a+b 3(a + b + c) 2(a + b + 2c) + 2 2 , a2 + b2 + 2c2 a + b2 a + b2 + c2 whih is equivlent to the ovious inequlity c(a2 + b2 2c2 )(a2 + b2 ac bc) 0. (a2 + b2 )(a2 + b2 + c2 )(a2 + b2 + 2c2 )
Solution Q
xote tht from guhyEhwrtz inequlity e hve
2
cyc
a2 (b + c) (b2 + c2 )
cyc cyc cyc
a2 (b + c)
a2 (b + c)(b2 + c2 )
herefore it suffies to show tht

2
a (b + c)
cyc
(a + b + c)
cyc
a2 (b + c)(b2 + c2 )
efter expnsion nd using the onvention p = a + b + c; q = ab + bc + ca; r = abc this is equivlent to withX
r(2p3 + 9r 7pq ) 0
TR
futD sine @from trivil inequlityA e hvep2 3q 0D hene it suffies to show tht p3 + 9r 4pq, whih follows from hur9s inequlityF iqulity ours if nd only if aa or when a = b; c = 0 nd its yli permuttionsF VRF if DD re positive numers suh tht a + b + c = 3 then
a b c 3 + + . 3a + b2 3b + c2 3c + a2 4
SolutionX
is equivlent to
3 a 2 3a + b 4 3a 1 3a + b2
or fy guhy hwrz inequlityD e hve
3 4
b2 3 2 b + 3a 4
LHS
it suffies to prove
(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 a4 + (a + b + c) ab2
4(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 3 (a2 + b2 + c2 )2 3
fy sg9s inequlityD e hve
a4 + 3
a2 b2 + 3 a2 b2
ab3 + 3
a2 bc
ab3 + 3(
a2 bc) 0
(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 3
fy em Eqw inequlityD
ab3 0
a2 b2
VSF if a b c d 0 nd a + b + c + d = 2, then
a2 bc 0
ab(b + c) + bc(c + d) + cd(d + a) + da(a + b) 1.
SolutionX
pirstDlet us prove lemmX vemmX por ny a + b + c + d = 2 nd a b c d 0
a2 b + b2 c + c2 d + d2 a ab2 + bc2 + cd2 + da2
Solution of lemmX
vet
F (a) = (b d)a2 + (d2 b2 )a + b2 c + c2 d bc2 cd2 F (a) = (b d)(2a b d) 0 <=> F (a) F (b) = (c d)b2 + (d2 c2 )b + cd(c d)
TS
F (b) = (c d)(2b c d) 0 <=> F (b) F (c) = 0

xowDlet us turn k the Solution of the prolemF prom lemm e hveX
a2 b+b2 c+c2 d+d2 a+ab2 +bc2 +cd2 +da2 +2(abc+bcd+cda+dab) 2(ab2 +bc2 +cd2 +da2 +abc+bcd+cda+dab
it follows thtY
(a + b + c + d)(a + c)(b + d) 2(ab(b + c) + bc(c + d) + cd(d + a) + da(a + b))

futD y ewEqw inequlityX
(a + c)(b + d) = (a + c)(b + d)
VTF if x, y, z, p, q e nonnegtive rel numers suh tht
(a + b + c + d)2 =1 4
(p + q )(yz + zx + xy ) > 0
rove thtX
2(p + q ) 2(p + q ) 2(p + q ) 9 + + (y + z )(py + qz ) (z + x)(pz + qx) (x + y )(px + qy ) yz + xy + zx
SolutionX
2(p + q ) 9 F (x, y, z ) . (y + z )(py + qz ) yz + zx + xy (y + z )(z + x)(x + y )(py + qz )(pz + qx)(px + qy )(yz + zx + xy ) F (x, y, z ) = F (x, x + s, x + t) = 16x4 p3 + q 3 s2 st + t2
cyc
+x3 16(p + q ) p2 + q 2 (s + t)(s t)2 + (p 2q )2 (15p + 7q ) +5q 2 (p + q )s2 t + (q 2p)2 (15q + 7p) + 5p2 (q + p) st2 +x2 2(s t)2 [p2 (p + 47q )s2 + 51pq (p + q )st + q 2 (q + 47p)t2 ] 3
2[(5p + q )(5p 12q )2 + 6q 3 ]s4 [(77p 145q )2 (7918p + 6699q ) + 3003p3 + 14297pq 2 ]s3 t + 75 5633859 + 34(p + q )(p q )2 s2 t2 [(77q 145p)2 (7918q + 6699p) + 3003q 3 + 14297qp2 ]st3 + 3 5633859 + 2[(5q + p)(5q 12p)2 + 6p3 ]t4 75
2
+x [(2p + 5q )s (2q + 5p)t]
4pq (p + q )s3 (2p + 5q )2
+ + +
(4p4 + 40p3 q + 65p2 q 2 + 113pq 3 + 30q 4 )s2 t (2p + 5q )3
(4q 4 + 40q 3 p + 65q 2 p2 + 113qp3 + 30p4 )st2 4qp(q + p)t3 + (2q + 5p)3 (2q + 5p)2
s3 t2 (2p 3q )2 1505p6 + 9948p5 q + 19439p4 q 2 (2p + 5q )2 (2q + 5p)3

TT
+16869p3 q 3 + 6709p2 q 4 + 852pq 5 + 117q 6 +4960p7 q + 6800p6 q 2 + p5 q 3 + 4p4 q 4 + 5p3 q 5 + 8q 6 p2 + 4pq 7 + 7q 8 + s2 t3 (2q 3p)2 1505q 6 + 9948q 5 p + 19439q 4 p2 + 16869q 3 p3 + 6709q 2 p4 + 852qp5 + 117p6 (2p + 5q )3 (2q + 5p)2 +4960q 7 p + 6800q 6 p2 + q 5 p3 + 4q 4 p4 + 5q 3 p5 + 8p6 q 2 + 4qp7 + 7p8 2pq (p + q )s2 (13p + 47q )2
+st [(13p + 47q )s (13q + 47p)t]2
+ +(p q )2 st +
6(743p2
49pq (p + q )st 2qp(q + p)t2 + 2 + 6914pq + 743q ) (13q + 47p)2
q (324773p3 + 3233274p2 q + 836101pq 2 + 419052q 3 )s2 6(13p + 47q )(743p2 + 6914pq + 743q 2 )
2(p + q )(p q )2 (832132509p4 + 9284734492p3 q + 9070265998p2 q 2 + 9284734492pq 3 + 832132509q 4 )st 3(13p + 47q )2 (13q + 47p)2 (743p2 + 6914pq + 743q 2 ) + p(324773q 3 + 3233274q 2 p + 836101qp2 + 419052p3 )t2 6(13q + 47p)(743p2 + 6914pq + 743q 2 ) 0,
whih is lerly true for x = min{x, y, z }. VUF vet DD e positive numers suh tht ab + bc + ca = 3. rove tht
1 1 1 3 + + 1+ . a+b b+c c+a 2(a + b + c)
SolutionX
IFFFFFvet f (a, b, c) =
1 a+b
1 b+c
1 c+a
3 2(a+b+c)
nd a = min{a, b, c}. hen
f (a, b, c) f a, = 2(b + c) 1
(a + b)(a + c) a, a+b
2
(a + b)(a + c) a =
a+c
1 (a + b)(a + c) 3 (a + b)(a + c) a 0
3(b+c) . 2
+ 2(a + b + c) 2
2
(a + b)(a + c) a a+b a+c
1 1 2 + 4bc 2(b + c) bc 3(b + c)2
sineD (a + b)(a + c) a + bc nd 2 (a + b)(a + c) a a + b + c remin to prove tht f (a, b, b) 0, whih equivlent to (a b)2 (2a3 + 9a2 b + 12ab2 + b3 ) 0.
PFFFFFFF he inequlity is equivlent toX
husD
1 1 1 + + a+b b+c c+a
3 3(ab + bc + ca)
+ 3
3 2(a + b + c) 3 a+b+c
1 1 1 9 + + a + b b + c c + a 2(a + b + c)
TU
3(ab + bc + ca)
(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 + + 2(a + c)(b + c)(a + b + c) 2(a + b)(a + c)(a + b + c) 2(b + c)(a + b)(a + b + c) 3[(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 ] 2(a + b + c + 3(ab + bc + ca))(a + b + c)( 3(ab + bc + ca)) (a b)2 .M + (b c)2 .N + (c a)2 .P 0
with X
M = (a + b)[(a + b + c) + N = (b + c)[(a + b + c) + P = (c + a)[(a + b + c) +

uppose thtXa b cF o e hveX
3(ab + bc + ca)] 3(ab + bc + ca) 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 3(ab + bc + ca)] 3(ab + bc + ca)] 3(ab + bc + ca) 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 3(ab + bc + ca) 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
M = (a + b)([(a + b + c) +
feuse (a + b + c)
3(ab + bc + ca)]
3(ab + bc + ca) 3(b + c)(c + a)) 0
3(ab + bc + ca) 3c2 3(ab + bc + ca)] 3(ab + bc + ca) 3(a + b)(b + c)) 0
P = (a + c)([(a + b + c) +
feuse (a + b + c)
3(ab + bc + ca) 3b2 o e must proveX N +P 0
it s equivlent toX
X = [(a + b + c) +
ut
3(ab + bc + ca)]
3(ab + bc + ca)(a + b + 2c) 6(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 0
x = a + b + c; y = X [(a + b + c) +
3(ab + bc + ca)
3(ab + bc + ca)] 3(ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c) 6(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) x2 y xy 2 xy
@it s true for ll positive numers DDAF VVF vet a, b, ce positive rel numer F rove thtX
1 1 1 a+b+c 3 + + + a+b b+c c+a 2(ab + bc + ca) a + b + c
SolutionX vet put p = a + b + c, q = ab + bc + ca, r = abcD his inequlity is equivlent toX

p2 + q p 3 + pq r 2q p
fy expnding expression e hveX
p2 + 3 p 3 + 3p r 6 p
(p2 + 3)6p p2 (3p r) 18(3p r) 0

TV
3p3 + p2 r 36p + 18r 0

prom the illEknown inequlityD the third degree hur9s inequlity sttesX
p3 4pq + 9r 0 p3 12p + 9r 0
e hveX
3p3 + p2 r 36p + 18r 0 3(p3 12p + 9r) + r(p2 9) 0

yn the other hndD e hveX
r(p2 9) 0 (a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 0

VWF if x, y, z re nonnegtive rel numers suh tht x + y + z = 3D then
4( x + y + z ) + 15 9(
x+y + 2
y+z + 2
z+x ) 2
SolutionX he inequlity9s true when x = 3, y = z = 0F if no two of x, y, z re HD set x = a2

etF it eomes
8(a + b + c) + 10 10
3a2 + 3b2 + 3c2 9
2a2 + 2b2 +
2b2 + 2c2 +
2c2 + 2a2
3a2 + 3b2 + 3c2 (a + b + c) 9

cyc
2a2 + 2b2 (a + b) (a b)2 a + b + 2a2 + 2b2 (a b)2 0
10
cyc
(a b)2 9 a + b + c + 3a2 + 3b2 + 3c2
cyc
cyc
9 10 2 2 a + b + 2a + 2 b a + b + c + 3a2 + 3b2 + 3c2
xow eh term is nonnegtiveD for in ftD
9(a + b +
euse
3a2 + 3b2 ) 10(a + b +
2a2 + 2b2 )
9 3 10 2
2a2 + 2b2 >
2a2 + 2b2 a + b
WHF if a, b, c re nonnegtive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3D then
1 1 1 1 + 2 + 2 4a2 + b2 + c2 4b + c2 + a2 4c + a2 + b2 2
SolutionX
4a2
cyc sym
1 1 1 1 + 2 + 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 +b +c 4b + c + a 4c + a + b 2
(a6 4a5 b + 13a4 b2 2a4 bc 6a3 b3 12a3 b2 c + 10a2 b2 c2 ) 0 (a b)2 (2c4 + 2(a2 4ab + b2 )c2 + a4 2a3 b + 4a2 b2 2ab3 + b4 ) 0,
whih true euse
(a2 4ab + b2 )2 2(a4 2a3 b + 4a2 b2 2ab3 + b4 ) =

TW
= (a b)2 (a2 + 6ab + b2 ) 0.

WIF vet DD e nonnegtive rel numers suh thta + b + c = 3. rove tht
a2 b b2 c c2 a + + 1. 4 bc 4 ca 4 ab
SolutionF
ine the inequlity n e written s
4a2 b a2 b2 c = a2 b + 4 bc 4 bc
abc
ab 4 4 bc
a2 b.
sing the illEknown inequlity a2 b + b2 c + c2 a + abc 4D e get
4 (a2 b + b2 c + c2 a) abc,
abc
or equivlentlyD
ab abc, 4 bc
ab bc ca + + 1. 4 bc 4 ca 4 ab ab + bc + ca (a + b + c)2 = 3, 3
ine e get
ab ab 3ab = . 4 4 bc 4ab + bc + 4ca (ab + bc + ca) bc 3 hereforeD it is enough to hek tht x y z 1 + + , 4x + 4y + z 4y + 4z + x 4z + 4x + y 3
where x = ab, y = ca nd z = bcF his is illEknown inequlityF WPF if a, b, c re nonnegtive rel numersD then
a3 + b3 + c3 + 12abc a2
a2 + 24bc + b2
b2 + 24ca + c2
c2 + 24ab
SolutionX
a2 + 24bc 7 a2 + b2 + c2 + 8(bc + ca + ab)
2 2
7a3 + 8a2 (b + c) + 7a b2 + c2 + 92abc + 48bc(b + c)
= 24bc (b c)2 109a2 + 77ab + 77ac + 49b2 + 89bc + 49c2 +(b + c 2a)2 (25bc + 7ab + 7ca) 0 = a2 a2 + 24bc
a2 [7a3 + 8a2 (b + c) + 7a(b2 + c2 ) + 92abc + 48bc(b + c)] 7(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 8(bc + ca + ab)

UH
= a3 + b3 + c3 + 12abc.
WQF where a, b, c, d re nonnegtive rel numersFrove the inequlityX
9a2 + 7b2 + b
9b2 + 7c2 + c 9c2 + 7d2 + d 9d2 + 7a2 (a + b + c + d)2
SolutionX
fy guhyhwrzD e hve
4
9a2 + 7b2
a(9a + 7b)
9(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 ) + 7(a + c)(b + d) 4(a + b + c + d)2 = 4(a + c)2 + 4(b + d)2 + 8(a + c)(b + d) 9(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 ) 4(a + c)2 + 4(b + d)2 + (a + c)(b + d)
whih is true euse
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 (a + c)(b + d) 2(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 ) = 2(a2 + c2 ) + 2(b2 + d2 ) (a + c)2 + (b + d)2

WRF vet a, b, c e positive F rove thtF
3a2 1 7a2 + 5(b + c)2
a2 a2 + 2(b + c)2
SolutionX
he right hnd is trivil y the rolder inequlity sine
a
3
2 a2 + 2 (b + c)
2 2
a a2 + 2 (b + c)
end ( a) a a2 + 2 (b + c) guhy hwrz inequlity e hve
ab (a + b) 6abcF por the left hnd y the
a 7a2 + 5 (b + c)
2
2 a
9q 2 3 ,r
a 7a2 + 5 (b + c)
2
essume a + b + c = 3D denote ab + bc + ca =
= abc then e will prove
12a2
1 a 30a + 45 9
f (r) = 48r2 + 222 + 52q 2 r + 20q 4 + 75q 2 270 0

e hve
r max 0,
hereforD if
(3 + q ) (3 2q ) 27 3 2
UI
then get r 0 nd
f (r) f (0) = 20 q
if q
3 2
3 2
q+
3 2
q2 + 6 0
then get r
(3+q )2 (32q ) 27 2
nd
f (r) f
(3 + q ) (3 2q ) 27
q 2 (2q 3) 96q 3 396q 2 + 2322q 5103 0 729
e hve doneF iqulity holds if n only if a = b = c or a = b, c = 0 or ny yli permutE tionsF WSF if a, b, c, d, e re positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c + d + e = 5D then
20 1 1 1 1 1 9 + + + + + 2 2 a b c d e a + b + c2 + d2 + e2
SolutionD
f (a, b) mens f (a, b) + f (a, c) + f (a, d) + f (a, e) + f (b, c) + f (b, d) +f (b, e) + f (c, d) + f (c, e) + f (d, e)F e will firstly rewrite the inequlity s
sym
1 1 1 1 1 25 4(a + b + c + d + e)2 + + + + 4 . a b c d e a+b+c+d+e 5(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + e2 )

sing the identities
( a + b + c + d + e)
1 1 1 1 1 + + + + a b c d e
25 =
sym (a
(a b)2 ab sym
nd 5(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + e2 ) (a + b + c + d + e)2 = the inequlity s
b)2 e n rewrite gin
2 (a b)2 4 1 sym (a b) 2 a + b + c + d + e sym ab 5 a + b2 + c2 + d2 + e2
or
sym
Sab (a b)2 0 where Sxy = 1 4 2 2 xy a + b + c2 + d2 + e2
for ll x, y {a, b, c, d, e}F essume tht a b c d e > 0F e will show tht Sbc + Sbd 0 nd Sab + Sac + Sad + Sae 0F indeedD e hve
Sbc + Sbd =
1 8 1 8 1 1 + > + bc bd a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + e2 bc bd b2 + b2 + c2 + d2 1 1 8 + 0 bc bd 2bc + 2bd 1 1 1 1 16 16 16 + + + 2 2 1 0. 2 2 2 2 ab ac ad ae a + b + c + d + e a(b + c + d + e) a + 4 (b + c + d + e)2
nd
Sab +Sac +Sad +Sae =
reneD with notie tht Sbd Sbc nd Sae Sad Sac Sab
UP
e hve Sbd 0 nd Sae 0, Sae + Sad 0, Sae + Sad + Sac 0F husD Sbd (b d)2 + Sbc (b c)2 (Sbd + Sbc )(b c)2 0(1) nd
Sae (ae)2 +Sad (ad)2 +Sac (ac)2 +Sab (ab)2 (Sae +Sad )(ad)2 +Sac (ac)2 +Sab (ab)2 (Sae + Sad + Sac )(a c)2 + Sab (a b)2 (Sae + Sad + Sac + Sab )(a b)2 0(2)
yn the other hndD Sbe Sbd 0 nd Sde Sce Scd Sbd 0(3)F hereforeD from @IAD @PA nd @QA e get
sym
Sab (a b)2 0.
iqulity ours when a = b = c = d = e or a = 2b = 2c = 2d = 2eF WTF vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersF rove tht
1+
2(ab + bc + ca) 3abc a2 b + b2 c + c2 a a2 + b2 + c2
SolutionX
e n prove it s followX ewriting the inequlity s
a2 b
3abc 2(ab + bc + ca) a2 b2 c2 2 2 +b c+c a a2 + b2 + c2
if 2(ab + bc + ca) a2 + b2 + c2 D it is trivilF if 2(ab + bc + ca) a2 + b2 + c2 D pplying hur9s inequlityX
3abc
(a + b + c)[2(ab + bc + ca) a2 b2 c2 ] 3
(a + b + c)[2(ab + bc + ca) a2 b2 c2 ] 2(ab + bc + ca) a2 b2 c2 2 2 2 3(a b + b c + c a) a2 + b2 + c2 (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 3(a2 b + b2 c + c2 a) b(a b)2 + c(b c)2 + a(c a)2 0
@rueA WUF vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht abc = 1F rove tht
6 1 1 1 + + + 5. a b c a+b+c
SolutionX
IFFFFvyq ssume a b cF vet 6 1 1 1 f (a, b, c) = + + + a b c a+b+c f (a, b, c) f (a, bc, bc) ( b c)2 ((a + b + c)(a + 2 bc) 6bc) 0 <=> bc(a + b + c)(a + 2 bc) UQ
(a + b + c)(a + 2 bc) 6bc.

es
a
so
b+c bc 2
(a + b + c)(a + 2 bc) 9bc 6bc
hene the ove inequlity is trueF
f(
1 , x, x) 5 x2
(x 1)2 (2x4 + 4x3 4x2 x + 2) 0.

es 2x4 + 4x3 4x2 x + 2 > 0 if x > 0D so the ove inequlity is trueF herefore 1 f (a, b, c) f (a, bc, bc) = f ( , bc, bc) 5. bc ab FiFh PFFFFFFFFF essume tht a b, cF rite x = a, y =
b cF
hen x 1 nd the inequlity
(ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c) + 6 5(a + b + c)

eomes
x3 (y + y 1 ) 5x2 + (y 2 + 9 + y 2 ) 5x1 (y + y 1 ) + x3 (y + y 1 ) 0
his n e seperted s
2x3 5x2 + 11 10x1 + 2x3 0

nd
x3 (y + y 1 2) + (y 2 + y 2 2) 5x1 (y + y 1 2) + x3 (y + y 1 2) 0
he first one is esyF eout the seond oneD xote tht x3 + x3 2 2x1 nd (y 2 + y 2 2) 3(y 1 + y 1 2) 3x1 (y 1 + y 1 2) sine y 2 3y + 4 3y 1 + y 2 = (y 1)2 (y 1 + y 1 ) QFFFFFFFFF vem of ile girtoje
(a + b) (b + c) (c + a) + 7 5 (a + b + c)
@gn esy prove y wA fut
(a + b) (b + c) (c + a) = a2 b + a2 c + b2 c + b2 a + c2 a + c2 b + 2abc = a2 b + a2 c + b2 c + b2 a + c2 a + c2 b + 3abc abc
UR
= (a + b + c) (bc + ca + ab) abc = (a + b + c) (bc + ca + ab) 1

where e hve used tht a I in the lst step of our lultionF husD e hve
((a + b + c) (bc + ca + ab) 1) + 7 5 (a + b + c)

Y in other wordsD
(a + b + c) (bc + ca + ab) + 6 5 (a + b + c)
pon division y C C D this eomes
(bc + ca + ab) +
pinllyD sine abc = 1D 1 D ca = e hve bc = a
6 5 a+b+c
1 b
nd ab = 1 c D nd thus e get
1 1 1 + + a b c
6 5 a+b+c
WVF vet a, b, c > 0 nd with ll k 3/2 F rove the inequlityX
a3 + (k + 1)abc a+b+c b2 + kbc + c2
SolutionX
yur inequlity is equivlent to
a(a2 + bc b2 c2 ) b(b2 + ca c2 a2 ) c(c2 + ab a2 b2 ) + + 0, b2 + kbc + c2 c2 + kca + a2 a2 + kab + b2 (a2 b2 ) b2 a b a(b c) b(a c) c2 + ab a2 b2 2 +c 2 + 2 + 0. 2 2 2 2 + kbc + c a + kac + c b + kbc + c a + kac + c a2 + kab + b2
prom nowD e see tht
b (a b)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + kac + kbc) a = , b2 + kbc + c2 a2 + kac + c2 (b2 + kbc + c2 )(a2 + kac + c2 ) c2 + ab a2 b2 (c a)(c b) a(b c) b(a c) (a b)2 = , 2 2 a + kab + b a2 + kab + b2 a(b c) a(b c) a(a c)(b c)(a + c + kb) 2 = 2 , b2 + kbc + c2 a + kab + b2 (a + kab + b2 )(b2 + kbc + c2 ) a2 b(a c) b(a c) a(a c)(b c)(b + c + ka) 2 = 2 . 2 2 + kac + c a + kab + b (a + kab + b2 )(a2 + kac + c2 )
hereforeD the inequlity n e rewritten s
A(a b)2 +
where
c(a c)(b c) B 0, a2 + kab + b2
A=
nd
(a + b)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + kac + kbc) c 2 , (a2 + kac + c2 )(b2 + kbc + c2 ) a + kab + b2 B= a(a + c + kb) b(b + c + ka) + 2 + 1. 2 2 b + kbc + c a + kac + c2
US
xowD using the symmetryD e n ssume tht a b cD then e will prove A 0 nd B 0 to finish our SolutionF Solution of A 0. e hve the following estimtions
(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + kac + kbc) (a2 + kac + c2 ) = b(a + b + kc) 0, a + b 2c, 3 2(a2 +kab+b2 )(b2 +kbc+c2 ) = b(2ac)k +2a2 +b2 c2 ) b(2ac)+2a2 +b2 c2 = (2ab)(ab)+c 2
prom these inequlitiesD e n esily see tht A 0. Solution of B 0. o prove thisD e will onsider P seX C if b2 acD onsider the funtion
3 bc 2
f (k ) =
e hve
a(a + c + kb) b(b + c + ka) + 2 + 1, b2 + kbc + c2 a + kac + c2
f (k ) =
ab(a2 bc) ab(b2 ac) 0, + 2 2 2 (a + kac + c ) (b + kbc + c2 )2
3 therefore f (k ) is inresing nd it suffies to us to show tht f 2 0D iFeF
2a(2a + 2c 3b) 2b(2b + 2c 3a) + + 2 0. 2b2 3bc + 2c2 2a2 3ac + 2c2
e hve
(a b)(a + b + 3c) + 3(a b)2 + ac + 2c2 (a b)(a + b + 3c) 2a(2a + 2c 3b) +1= , 2 2 2 2 2b 3bc + 2c 2b 3bc + 2c 2b2 3bc + 2c2
imilrlyD
2b(2b + 2c 3a) (b a)(a + b + 3c) +1 . 2a2 3ac + 2c2 2a2 3ac + 2c2
it follows tht
LHS (a b)(a + b + 3c)
1 1 2 2b2 3bc + 2c2 2a 3ac + 2c2
0.
C if ac b2 D then rewrite our inequlity s
a(a + c + kb)
a2 + kac + c2 + b(b + c + ka) + a2 + c2 + kac 0. b2 + kbc + c2
3 ine a b, ac b2 nd k 2 D e hve a + c + kb 0 nd a2 + kac + c2 b2 + kbc + c2 D therefore
LHS a(a + c + kb) + b(b + c + ka) + a2 + c2 + kac = a(2b + c)k + 2a2 + b2 + ac + bc + c2 1 3 a(2b + c) + 2a2 + b2 + ac + bc + c2 = (a b)(2a b c) + ac + c2 0. 2 2 his ends our SolutionF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c or a = b, c = 0 nd its permuttionsF WWF if a, b, c re nonnegtive rel numersD no two of whih re zeroD then 21 a(4b + 4c a) b(4c + 4a b) c(4a + 4b c) + + 2 2 2 2 2 2 b +c c +a a +b 2
SolutionX
he inequlity still holds for a, b, c re rel numersD ut it is just trivil orollry of the UT
se nonnegtive rel numers s
a(4b + 4c a) 4ab + 4ac a2 4|ab| + 4|ac| a2 = . b2 + c2 b2 + c2 b2 + c2

es
a(b + c) 3 = b2 + c2
nd
b(a b) c(c a) = b2 + c2 3 1 a2 = + c2 2 2
(ab)
b a 2 b2 + c2 a + c2 (a2 b2 )2 + c2 )(b2 + c2 )
(a b)2 (ab c2 ) (a2 + c2 )(b2 + c2 )
b2
(a2
e n rewrite our inequlity s
(a b)2 (a2 + b2 )(a2 + b2 + 8c2 6ab) 0

essume tht a b cD then it is esy to verify tht
(b c)2 (b2 + c2 + 8a2 6bc) 0

nd e n redue the inequlity into
(a c)2 (a2 + c2 )(a2 + c2 + 8b2 6ca) + (a b)2 (a2 + b2 )(a2 + b2 + 8c2 6ab) 0
whih is true s
a c a b 0,
nd
(a c)(a2 + c2 ) (a b)(a2 + b2 ) 0
(a2 + c2 + 8b2 6ca) + (a2 + b2 + 8c2 6ab) = (a 3b)2 + (a 3c)2 0.

his ompletes our SolutionF iqulity holds when a = b = c or a = 3b = 3c nd its yli permuttionsF IHHF if DD re nonnegtive rel numersD then
(d)
a bc
b ca
c ab
a2 + b2 + c2 4 ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
ithout loss of generlityD e my ssume tht c is the smllest numer mong a, b, c. e will show tht
a2 a2 b2 a2 + b2 + c2 b2 a2 + b2 . + + + + (b c)2 (a c)2 ab + bc + ca b2 a2 ab
indeedD this inequlity is equivlent to
a2 a2 + b2 + c2 a2 b2 b2 a2 + b2 , 2 + 2 2 2 (b c) b (a c) a ab ab + bc + ca
or
ca2 (2b c) cb2 (2a c) c[(a + b)(a2 + b2 ) abc] + 2 . 2 2 2 b (b c) a ( a c) ab(ab + bc + ca) 2b c 2b 2c 2 2 = , (b c)2 (b c)2 bc b
UU
ine
2a c 2 , (a c)2 a
nd
(a + b)(a2 + b2 ) abc (a + b)(a2 + b2 ) , ab(ab + bc + ca) a2 b2 2ca2 2cb2 c(a + b)(a2 + b2 ) + 3 , 3 b a a2 b2
it suffies to prove tht whih is true euse
2b2 2a4 2b4 2(a2 + b2 )2 2a2 (a + b)(a2 + b2 ) + = + . b3 a3 a2 b3 a3 b2 a2 b2 (a + b) a2 b2

xowD ording to the ove inequlityD one n redue the prolem into proving tht
a2 b2 a2 + b2 + + 4, b2 a2 ab
whih is trueF IHIF por a, b, c > 0 nd 1 k 2, roveX
a bc
b ca
c ab
k+
(4 2k )(ab + bc + ca) a2 + b2 + c2
SolutionX
using guhy hwrz inequlity s followsX vet x = a2 + b2 + c2 nd y = ab + bc + ca. epplying the guhy hwrz inequlityD e hve
a2 (a + b + c)2 x + 2y = . 2 (b c) (b c)2 2(x y )

xotie lso tht 2k 0, so from the ove inequlityD e get 3
2k 3
yn the other hndD sine
(2 k )(x + 2y ) a2 . (b c)2 6(x y )
(1)
b a = 1, bc ca
e hve
a2 2= (b c)2
nd sine
a2 +2 (b c)2
b a = bc ca
a bc
0,
k+1 0, this inequlity gives us tht 3 k+1 3 a2 2(k + 1) . (b c)2 3 (2)
prom @IA nd @PAD e otin the following inequlity
a2 2k = (b c)2 3
a2 k+1 + (b c)2 3
a2 (2 k )(x + 2y ) 2(k + 1) + . (b c)2 6(x y ) 3
husD it is enough to show tht
(2 k )(x + 2y ) 2(k + 1) (4 2k )y + k+ . 6(x y ) 3 x

UV
his inequlity n e written s
(2 k )
or
x + 2y 1 2y + 0, 6(x y ) 3 x
(2 k )(x 2y )2 0. 2x(x y )
he lst one is oviously trueD so our Solution is ompletedF IHPF if a, b, c re nonnegtive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 2D then
a2
bc ca ab + 2 + 2 1. +1 b +1 c +1
pirst SolutionF in the nontrivil se when two of DD re nonzeroD e lim tht the following inequlity holds
bc(b + c) bc , a2 + 1 ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a)

or
(b + c)(a2 + 1) bc(b + c) + a(b2 + c2 ) + a2 (b + c).

ine a(b2 + c2 ) = a(b + c)2 2abc this inequlity n e written s
(b + c)(a2 + 1) a(b + c)2 a2 (b + c) bc(b + c) 2abc,

or
(b + c)(1 ab ac) bc(b + c 2a).

fy the ewEqw inequlityD e hve
(a + b + c)2 = 0. 4 husD e n esily see tht the ove inequlity is lerly true for b + c 2a. vet us ssume now tht b + c 2a. in this seD using the ewEqw inequlityD e hve 1 ab ac = 1 a(b + c) 1 (b+c)(1abac)bc(b+c2a) (b+c)(1abac) = (b + c)2 b+c (b+c2a) = 4 4(4 2a(b + c) (b + c)2 )
b+c a2 (b + c) [(a + b + c)2 2a(b + c) (b + c)2 ] = 0. 4 4 his ompletes the Solution of the lim nd y using itD e get a2 bc +1 bc(b + c) = 1. ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a)
his is wht e wnt to proveF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = 1 nd c = 0D or ny yli permuttionF eond SolutionF a2 bc bc ine a2 +1 = bc a2 +1 , the inequlity n e written s
abc
a2
a b c + 2 + 2 +1 b +1 c +1
+ 1 (ab + bc + ca) 0.
UW
xotie tht for ny nonnegtive rel numer xD e hve
1 2 x x(x 1)2 2x = + . 2 2 x +1 2 2(x + 1) 2

sing this inequlityD it suffies to prove tht
abc a
or
2b 2c 2a +b +c 2 2 2
+ 1 (ab + bc + ca) 0,
abc(ab + bc + ca) + 1 (ab + bc + ca) 0.

4 etting q = ab + bc + caD 0 < q 3 F prom the fourth degree hur9s inequlity
a4 + b4 + c4 + abc(a + b + c) ab(a2 + b2 ) + bc(b2 + c2 ) + ca(c2 + a2 )

nd the given hypothesisD e get
abc
it follows tht
(q 1)(4 q ) . 3
abc(ab + bc + ca) + 1 (ab + bc + ca)
(q 1)(4 q ) q+1q 3 (3 q )(q 1)2 0. = 3
he Solution is ompletedF hird SolutionF rite the inequlity s
abc
a2
a b c + 2 + 2 +1 b +1 c +1
ab + bc + ca 1.
ine the se ab + bc + ca 1 is trivilD let us ssume tht ab + bc + ca 1. etting
q = ab + bc + ca, 1 q
prom the fourth degree hur9s inequlity
4 . 3
a4 + b4 + c4 + abc(a + b + c) ab(a2 + b2 ) + bc(b2 + c2 ) + ca(c2 + a2 ),

e get
q1
3abc . 4q
sing this resultD e see tht it suffies to prove tht
a2
a b c 3 + 2 + 2 . +1 b +1 c +1 4q
a2
a 1 + +1 2
b2
b 1 + +1 2
c2
c 1 + +1 2
3 3 + , 4q 2
VH
or
(a + 1)2 (b + 1)2 (c + 1)2 3(6 q ) + 2 + 2 . 2 a +1 b +1 c +1 4q fy the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e hve
(a + 1)2 (b + 1)2 (c + 1)2 (a + 1 + b + 1 + c + 1)2 25 + + = . 2 2 2 2 2 2 a +1 b +1 c +1 a +1+b +1+c +1 7 2q hereforeD it suffies to prove tht 25 3(6 q ) , 7 2q 4q whih is equivlent to the ovious inequlity (q 1)(13 3q ) 0.
he Solution is ompletedF IHQF vet a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, ab + ac + bc = 3. rove tht
SolutionX
a+b+c 3
36
a4 + b4 + c4 () 3
es you workDput a + b + c = 3uYabc = 3 then
a4 + b4 + c4 = (9u2 6)2 18 + 12uv (9u2 6)2 18 + 12 = 81u4 108u2 + 30

o thtX
a4 + b4 + c4
e need to prove tht
81u4 108u2 + 30 = 27u4 36u2 + 10 3
u36 27u4 36u2 + 10

vet f (x) = x36 27x4 + 36x2 10Fe will prove tht f (x) 0 for ll x 1
f (x) = 36x35 108x3 + 72x = x(36x34 108x2 + 72)

epply ewEqw9s inequlity e hve
36x34 + 72 108
108
x34.36 108x2
@euse x 1A o tht f (x) 0 for ll x 1 rene f (x) f (1) = 0 for ll x 1 herefore the prolem is proved X emrkX A a, b, c, d > 0 stisfy ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd = 6Frove thtX
3 3 3 3 a+b+c+d 27 a + b + c + d 4 4 A a, b, c, d > 0 stisfy ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd = 6Frove thtX
a+b+c+d 4
64
a4 + b4 + c4 + d4 4
VI
IHRF vet a, b nd c re nonnegtive numers suh tht bc + ca + ab = 3. rove thtX
a+b+c 3
16
a3 + b3 + c3 . 3
SolutionX
o prove this inequlityD e my write it s
a3 + b3 + c3 3
ab + bc + ca 3
13
a+b+c 3
32
his is homogeneous ineulity of a, b, c, so e my forget the ondition ab + bc + ca = 3 o normlize for a + b + c = 3. xowD pplying the ewEqw inequlityD e hve
LHS = 1 2 1313
a3 + b3 + c3 3 a3 + b3 + c3 3
ab + bc + ca 3 ab + bc + ca 3
ab + bc + ca 3 ab + bc + ca 3
11
13
+ 11
it is thus suffiient to prove tht
a3 + b3 + c3 3
ab + bc + ca 3
+ 11
ab + bc + ca 3
13,
13(a + b + c)2 54(a3 + b3 + c3 ) + 33. ab + bc + ca (a + b + c)3

IHSFvet D D e positive rel numers suh tht ab + bc + ca + abc 4. rove tht
1 1 1 3 + + . (a + 1)2 (b + c) (b + 1)2 (c + a) (c + 1)2 (a + b) 8
SolutionF
vetting a = tx, b = ty nd c = tz D where t > 0 nd x, y, z > 0 suh tht xy +yz +zx+xyz = 4. he ondition ab + bc + ca + abc 4, t 1, nd the inequlity eomes
1 1 1 3 + + . t(tx + 1)2 (y + z ) t(ty + 1)2 (z + x) t(tz + 1)2 (x + y ) 8

e see tht it suffies to prove this inequlity for t = 1F in this seD e my write the inequlity in the form
1 1 1 3 + + . (x + 1)2 (y + z ) (y + 1)2 (z + x) (z + 1)2 (x + y ) 8

xowD sine x, y, z > 0 nd xy + yz + zx + xyz = 4D there exist some positive rel numers u, v, w suh tht
x=
he ove inequlity eomes
2u 2v 2w ,y = andz = . v+w w+u u+v
(u + v )(u + w)(v + w)2 3 . (2u + v + w)2 [v (u + v ) + w(u + w)] 4
VP
sing the ewEqw inequlity nd the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e get
(u + v )(u + w)(v + w)2 (v + w)2 1 2 (2u + v + w) [v (u + v ) + w(u + w)] 4[v (u + v ) + w(u + w)] 4
hereforeD
v w + u+v u+w
1 (u + v )(u + w)(v + w)2 (2u + v + w)2 [v (u + v ) + w(u + w)] 4
v w + u+v u+w
3 . 4
he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 1. emrkF he Solution of this prolem gives us the fourth Solution of the previous prolemD euse the ondition abc 1, ab + bc + ca + abc 4. IHTF por a, b, c > 0, suh tht abc = 1, prove tht the following inequlity holds
a4 b b4 c c4 a + b + c 0 a4 + 2b b4 + 2 c c4 + 2 a
SolutionX
xote tht the inequlity is equivlent to
a4
due to rolder inequlity e hve
a+b+c a5 + 2b2 ac 3
a4
e hve to prove tht
a5 + 2b2 ac
a4 + 2b2 ac
a2
a2
whih is true euse
(a + b + c)2 3
a4 + 2b2 ac
a4 + 2b2 ac
a4 + 2a2 b2 =
a2
he Solution is ompleted D equlity ours when a = b = c IHUF vet a, b, c e positive rel numerF rove thtX
1 1 1 1 (ab + bc + cd + da + ac + bd)2 + + + 4+ a b c d 3abcd
SolutionX
vet A = b + c + d, B = bc + cd + db nd C = bcd. he inequlity n e written s
(aA + B )2 + 4 (a + A) 3aC
1 B + a C
(aA + B )2 + 12C 3(a + A) a A2 a + 2AB +
C +B , a
B2 3AC + 12C 3C + 3aB + + 3AB, a a
VQ
(A2 3B )a +
B 2 3AC AB 9C. a
ine A2 3B 0 nd B 2 3AC 0, using the ewEqw inequlityD e hve
B 2 3AC 2 a hereforeD it suffies to prove tht (A2 3B )a +
(A2 3B )(B 2 3AC ).
4(A2 3B )(B 2 3AC ) (AB 9C )2 ,

or
4(b2 + c2 + d2 bc cd db)[b2 c2 + c2 d2 + d2 b2 bcd(b + c + d)] [b(c2 + d2 ) + c(d2 + b2 ) + d(b2 + c2 ) 6bcd]2 ,

or
[(b c)2 + (c d)2 + (d b)2 ][d2 (b c)2 + b2 (c d)2 + c2 (d b)2 ] [d(b c)2 + b(c d)2 + c(d b)2 ]2 ,
whih is true ording to the guhyEhwrz inequlityF IHVX vet a, b, c e positive rel numersF rove tht
a2 b2 c2 + 2+ 2 2 b c a
a+c b+c
b+a c+a
c+b a+b
SolutionF
cyc
(b + c)2 (a + c)2 a2 + 2 b (b + c)2
cyc
a2 (b + c)2 + b2 (b + c)2 b2 (a + c)2 3 b2 (b + c)2 2a2 bc + a2 c2 + b4 + 2b3 c 2ab2 c 3 b2 (b + c)2
cyc
xowD from ewEqwD e hve a2 c2 + b4 2ab2 cF it9s suffie to show tht
cyc
2a2 bc + 2b3 c 3 b2 (b + c)2
end it9s true sine
cyc
2a2 bc + 2b3 c = b2 (b + c)2
cyc
bc(2a2 + 2b2 ) b2 (b + c)2
cyc
bc(a + b)2 3 b2 (b + c)2
y ewEqwF IHWF if a, b, c, x re positive rel numersD then
ax bx cx + + bx cx ax
a+c b+c
b+a c+a
c+b a+b
VR
SolutionX
pirstD e shll prove the following lemmF vemmF if x nd y re positive rel numers suh tht (x y )(y 1) 0, then
x2 +
2 2 y2 + . x y
SolutionF
efter ftorizingD e n write this inequlity s
(x y )[xy (x + y ) 2] 0. xy
xowD if x y, then from the given hypothesisD e hve x y 1, nd thus it is ler tht (x y )[xy (x + y ) 2] 0. if x y, then from (x y )(y 1) 0, e hve x y 1, whih gives xy (x + y ) 2 nd so (x y )[xy (x + y ) 2] 0. urning k to our prolemF quring oth sidesD e n write the inequlity s
bx a2x + 2 b2x ax
(a + c)2x (b + c)x . + 2 (b + c)2x (a + c)x
his inequlity follows from dding the inequlity
a2x bx (a + c)2x (b + c)x + 2 + 2 b2x ax (b + c)2x (a + c)x

nd its nlogous inequlitiesF his inequlity is true euse
ax (a + c)x x b (b + c)x
(a + c)x 1 0 (b + c)x
@this is trivil inequlityAF IIHF por a, b, c > 0D suh tht abc = 1D prove tht the following inequlity holds
a b c + + 1 a + b4 + c4 b + c4 + a4 c + a4 + b4 qive generliztion to this inequlityF SolutionX fy guhyEhwrz ineqD e hveX a a(a3 + 2) = 4 4 4 a+b +c (a + b + c4 )(a3 + 1 + 1)
imilrlyD e getX
a(a3 + 2) (a2 + b2 + c2 )
2
LHS
end e need to prove thtX
a4 + b4 + c4 + 2(a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 )
2
(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 a4 + b4 + c4 + 2(a + b + c)
VS
a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 a + b + c
whih is true euseX
a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 abc(a + b + c) = a + b + c
iqulity holds when a = b = c = 1 iweuX
b c a + + 1 a + bn + cn b + cn + an c + an + bn for a, b, c > 0 stisfying abc = 1 nd n 3 PFFif a1 , a2 , ..., an re positive rel numers stisfying a1 a1 ...an = 1D then 1. a1 1 k a1 + ak 2 + ... + an
for ny k 1F SolutionX n let S = p=1 ak p he inequlity is equivlent to
S ak p n1 ap + S ak p
eording to guhyEhwrz inequlity
S ak p ap + S ak p
S ak 1 +
S ak 2 + .... +
S ak n
(a1 + a2 ... + an ) + (n 1)S
S ak 1 +
ut
S ak 2 + .... +
S ak n
(n 1)(a1 + a2 + ... + an ) + (n 1)2 S
S ak 1 + =
S ak 2 + .... +
S ak n
(S ak p) +
i=j
k (S ak i )(S aj )
= (n 1)S +
i=j
k (S a k i )(S aj )
ut from guhy hwrz inequlity

k k k 2 2 (S a k i )(S aj ) S ai aj + ai aj
k k
i=j
2 k (S ak i )(S aj ) (n 1) S (n 1)S + i=j
ai2 aj2
rene e need prove tht

k k
ai2 aj2 (n 1)
i=j
ai
VT
or
i=j
ai2 aj2 (n 1)
(a1 a2 ...an )
k 1 n
a1
whih is just wuirhed inequlity he Solution is ompletedDequlity ours when a1 = a2 = ... = an = 1. IIIF vet x1 , x2 , . . . , xn e positive rel numers with sum 1F pind the integer prt ofX
E = x1 +
x2 1 x2 1
x3 1 (x1 + x2 )2
+ +
xn 1 (x1 + x2 + + xn1 )2
SolutionX
feuse 1 (x1 + x2 + + xi ) 1 holds for every iD e hve tht E x1 + x2 + + xn = 1F xow tke a1 = 0 nd ai = arccos(x1 + x2 + x3 + + xi1 )F its equivlent to cos(ai ) = x1 + x2 + x3 + + xi1 F hih implies xi = cos(ai+1 ) cos(ai ) o the expression trnsforms inX
E=
e hveX
cos(a2 ) cos(a1 ) cos(a3 ) cos(a2 ) cos(an+1 ) cos(an ) + + ... + sin(a1 ) sin(a2 ) sin(an ) 2 sin( cos(ai+1 ) cos(ai ) = sin(ai ) ai+1 + ai ai ai+1 ) sin( ) 2 2 sin(ai )
feuse ai+1 < ai e hve
2 sin(
ai ai+1 ai+1 + ai ) sin( ) ai ai+1 2 2 < 2 sin( ) sin(ai ) 2
epplying nd dding this reltion for i = 1, 2, . . . n e hveX
E < sin(a1 a2 )+sin(a2 a3 )+ +sin(an an+1 ) < a1 a2 +a2 a3 + an+1 = a1 an+1 =

he lst equlity is right euse sin(x) < xF feuse 1 < E < 2 e hve [E ] = 1F IIPFpor a, b, c > 0, suh tht abc = 1D prove tht the following inequlities hold
<2 2
b(a2
a2 b2 c2 + + 1. 2 2 + 2c) c(b + 2a) a(c + 2b)
SolutionX
a b c , , b c a respetively yields tht he inequlity is equivlent to a3 c 1 + 2 b3 c
e reple a, b, c y
a3 b
ut due to guhyEhwrz e hve
a3 b
a3 c + 2 b2 c
c3 a(a3 b + 2b3 c)
a2 b2
VU
e hve to prove tht
a2 b2
a4 c3 b = 3
(ab)3 (bc)
whih is just s inequlity he Solution is ompleted D equlity ours when a = b = c = 1 IIQFlet a, b, cF prove tht
a2 + b2 + c2 4 1 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) + . ab + bc + ca 8 a3 + b3 + c3 3
e rewrite this into
(a + b + c)3 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 10 + . 3 3 3 (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) 8(a + b + c ) 3

xote tht e lso hveD from ewEqw tht
(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)
o e hve to prove tht
9 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a). 8
8(a + b + c)3 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 10 + ; 9(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8(a3 + b3 + c3 ) 3

hih rewrites into
8(a3 + b3 + c3 ) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 2 ; 3 3 3 9(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8(a + b + c ) 3

hih is just diret pplition of the ewEqw inequlity nd thus perfetly trueF IIRF vet a, b, ce positive rel numers stisfying
1 1 1 + 5 + 5 = 3. a5 b c
rove tht
5
a5 + 5 +
b5 + 5 +
c5 + 5
5a5 + 1 +
5b5 + 1 +
5c5 + 1.
SolutionX
sing rolder9s inequlityD e hve
(
euse
a5 + 5)5
a4 (
a5 + 5 )=( a4 1 5 3 a
a)4 (
1 a5
a+5
1 )( a
a)4 (
a + 15)
= 3.
IISF vet a, b, c, d e nonnegtive rel numersD no three of whih re zeroF rove tht
a + b + 2c + d
b + c + 2d + a
c + d + 2a + b
d 2. a + 2b + c
VV
SolutionX
IF F F e hveD using the ewEqw inequlity tht
cyc
a = b + 2c + d
2 2a
cyc
2a(b + 2c + d)
cyc
2 2a . 2a + b + 2c + d
xowD from the guhyEhwrz inequlity e otin
2
cyc
2a 2(a + b + c + d)2 2 2a + b + 2 c + d 2 a2 + 2 sym ab
herefore it suffies to show tht
2(a + b + c + d)2
cyc
a2 + 2
sym
ab;
hih leds to
sym
ab 0; whih is oviousF
rene e re doneF iqulity holds iff a = b; c = d = 0 nd its yli permuttionsF 2 PF F F
a b + 2c + d = = 2a
a 2b + 2 c + 2 d
2a(2b + 2c + 2d) 2 2a 2a + 2b + 2c + 2d 2a = 2 a+b+c+d
e omplete the Solution IITF vet x, y, z e non negtive rel numersF rove tht
(x + yz )(y + zx)(z + xy ) xyz + (x + y + z )2 (x + y )2 (y + z )2 (z + x)2 .
SolutionX
IFFxotie tht (x + yz )(y + zx) = z (x + y )2 + xy (1 z )2 nd
(z + xy )[xyz + (x + y + z )2 ] = z (x + y + z + xy )2 + xy (x + y )2 .
husD using the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e get
(x+yz )(y +zx)(z +xy )[xyz +(x+y +z )2 ] = [z (x+y )2 +xy (1z )2 ][z (x+y +z +xy )2 +xy (x+y )2 ] [z (x + y )(x + y + z + xy ) + xy (1 z )(x + y )]2 = (x + y )2 (y + z )2 (z + x)2 .
he Solution is ompletedF PF F F xotie tht
(x + yz )(y + zx)(z + xy ) = xyz (x + y + z 1)2 + (xy + yz + zx xyz )2 .
VW
(x + yz )(y + zx)(z + xy ) xyz + (x + y + z )2 = xyz (x + y + z 1)2 + (xy + yz + zx xyz )2 xyz + (x + y + z )2

2
(xyz (x + y + z 1) + (xy + yz + zx xyz )(x + y + z )) = (x + y )2 (y + z )2 (z + x)2 .

IIUF
SolutionX
2
a2 + bc
or
a+
21
ab
a2 + bc + 2
(a2 + bc) (b2 + ca) (a + b + c)2 ab + bc +

2
ab + bc + ca + 3 2 2 + 2 2 2 ( a + b + c)
or
ca
(a2 + bc) (b2 + ca) 2 2 2 + 42 2 ab + 4 2 2
a3 b +
ab3
a2 bc.
(a2 + bc) (b2 + ca) =

(a2 + bc) (ca + b2 ) ca3 + b3 c ,
2
or
ca3 +
b3 c 2 2 2
a3 b +
ab3 + 4 2 2 ab + 4 2 2
ab+ 4 2 2
a2 bc,
42 2
a3 b +
ab3 4 2 2
a2 bc,
whih is true euse
a3 b +
ab3 2
ab
2 a2 bc.
IIVF vet a, b, c 0 suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 1Dprove tht
1 bc 1 ca 1 1 ab + + 7 3ac 7 3ba 7 3cb 3
SolutionF
pirstD e will show tht
1 1 1 1 + + . 7 3ab 7 3bc 7 3ca 2
WH
1 1 1 1 = +1 . 7 3ab 3(1 ab) + 4 9 3(1 ab)

it follows tht
1 1 7 3ab 27 nd thusD it is enough to show tht
1 1 + , 1 ab 3
1 1 1 9 + + , 1 ab 1 bc 1 ca 2
whih is s9s inequlityF xowD e write the originl inequlity s
3 3ab 3 3bc 3 3ca + + 1, 7 3ac 7 3ba 7 3cb

or
7 3ab 7 3bc 7 3ca + + 1+4 7 3ac 7 3ba 7 3cb 4
1 1 1 + + 7 3ab 7 3bc 7 3ca 2,
ine
1 1 1 + + 7 3ab 7 3bc 7 3ca
7 3ab 7 3bc 7 3ca + + 3, 7 3ac 7 3ba 7 3cb whih is true ording to the ewEqw inequlityF IIWF vet a, b, c 0, suh tht a + b + c > 0 nd b + c 2aF por x, y, z > 0D suh tht xyz = 1D prove tht the following inequlity holds 1 1 3 1 + + a + x2 (by + cz ) a + y 2 (bz + cx) a + z 2 (bx + cy ) a+b+c
SolutionX
etting u = rewritten s
1 xD
v=
1 y
nd w =
1 z
nd using the ondition uvw = 1D the inequlity n e
u = au + cv + bw epplying guhyD it suffies to prove
u2 au2 + cuv + bwu
3 F a+b+c
(u + v + w) u2 + (b + c)
uv
3 a+b+c
1 (b + c 2a) (x y )2 0D 2 whih is ovious due to the ondition for a, b, cF IPHF vet a1 a2 . . . an 0, b1 b2 . . . bn 0
WI
ai = 1 =
i=1 i=1
bi
pind the mxmium of i=1 (ai bi )2 SolutionX ithout loss of generlityD ssume tht a1 b1 . xotie tht for a x 0, b, y 0, e hve
(a x)2 + (b y )2 (a + b x)2 y 2 = 2b(a x + y ) 0.

eording to this inequlityD e hve
(a1 b1 )2 + (a2 b2 )2 (a1 + a2 b1 )2 + b2 2, (a1 + a2 b1 )2 + (a3 b3 )2 (a1 + a2 + a3 b1 )2 + b2 3, (a1 + a2 + + an1 b1 )2 + (an bn )2 (a1 + a2 + + an b1 )2 + b2 n.
edding these inequlitiesD e get
n 2 2 (ai bi )2 (1 b1 )2 + b2 2 + b3 + + bn i=1
(1 b1 )2 + b1 (b2 + b3 + + bn ) = (1 b1 )2 + b1 (1 b1 ) = 1 b1 1 1 . n
1 n.
iqulity holds for exmple when a1 = 1, a2 = a3 = = an = 0 nd b1 = b2 = = bn = IPIF vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht
a2 + b2 + c2 =
rove tht
1 . 3
a2
1 1 1 + 2 + 2 3. bc + 1 b ca + 1 c ab + 1
SolutionX
a2
vyqX a b c, e h
a2 bc 0, bc + 1
a2 bc + 1 (b + c) b2 ca + 1 (c + a) = (a b) ab + 2c(a + b) + c2 1 = (a b) ab + 2ca + 2cb + c2 3a2 3b2 3c2 = (a b) 2a2 + 2b2 ab + (c a)2 + (c b)2 0,
similrlyD e n Solution tht
b2 ca + 1 (c + a) c2 ab + 1 (a + b) 1 1 1 2 2 (a2 bc + 1) (b + c) (b ca + 1) (c + a) (c ab + 1) (a + b)
WP
end onsider
a2 bc (b + c) b2 ca (c + a) = (a b) ab + 2c(a + b) + c2 0,
similrlyD e hve
b2 ca (c + a) c2 ab (a + b).
fy gheyshev9s inequlityD e hve
a2 = 1 3
a2 bc bc + 1
a2 bc (b + c) (a2 bc + 1) (b + c) 1 (a2 bc + 1) (b + c) =0
a2 bc (b + c)
IPPF vet a, b, c e non negtive rel numersF rove tht
5a2 + 4bc +
5b2 + 4ca +
5c+ 4ab
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 2( ab + bc + ca)
SolutionX
gseX ab + bc + ca = 0 is trivilF xow onsider for the se ab + bc + ca > 0.
5a2 + 4bc 2 bc = 5a2 3+2

5a2 +4bc 3
5a2 5a2 + 4bc + 2 bc = a2

a2 +2bc 3
+ 2bc
a2
a2 +b2 +c2 3
a2
a2 +b2 +c2 3
5a2 + 4bc 2 bc
3 (a2 + b2 + c2 ).
IPQF vet a, b, c e non negtive rel numersF rove tht
5a2 + 4bc +
5b2 + 4ca +
5c2 + 4ab
3 (a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 2
ab +
bc +
ca .
SolutionX
<=> ( 5a2 + 4bc 2 bc) 5a2 5a2 + 4bc + 2 bc 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 3(a2 + b2 + c2 )
<=>
fy uhyEshrztDe hve
5a2 5a2 + 4bc + 2 bc

WQ
5(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 (a2 5a2 + 4bc + 2 bc)
e hveDy uhyEshrztX
a2
nd
5a2 + 4bc
(a2 + b2 + c2 )[5(a4 + b4 + c4 ) + 4abc(a + b + c)]
3abc( a3 + b3 + c3 ) 3abc (a2 + b2 + c2 )(a + b + c)
a2 + b2 + c2 (ab + bc + ca)
pinllyDe only need to prove thtX
5(a2 + b2 + c2 )
15(a4 + b4 + c4 ) + 12abc(a + b + c) + 2(ab + bc + ca)
<=> [5(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 2(ab + bc + ca)]2 15(a4 + b4 + c4 ) + 12abc(a + b + c) <=> 10(a4 + b4 + c4 ) + 54(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 ) 24abc(a + b + c) 10
prom
ab(a2 + b2 ) 0
24(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 ) 24abc(a + b + c)
pinllyDe only need to prove tht
10(a4 + b4 + c4 ) + 30(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 ) 10 <=> a4 + b4 + c4 + 3(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 ) 2
ab(a2 + b2 ) ab(a2 + b2 )
<=> (a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 0Dwhih is oivious trueF yur Solution re omE pletedDequlity our if nd if only a = b = c. IPRF vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numers stisfying a + b + c = 5F rove thtX (a2 b2 )(b2 c2 )(c2 a2 ) 5
SolutionX
por this oneD e n ssume vyq tht c b a; so tht e hve
P = (a2 b2 )(b2 c2 )(c2 a2 ) = (c2 b2 )(c2 a2 )(b2 a2 ) b2 c2 (c2 b2 ). elso note tht 5 = a + b + c b + c sine a 0F xowD using the ewEqw inequlity e hve (c + b) 5 1 2 c 5 + 1 b (c b) 2 5 5(b + c) (c + b) 5; 5
2
o tht e get
P
end hene e re doneF iqulity holds if nd only if (a, b, c) = tionsF 2 IPSF
5.
5 2
+ 1;
5 2
1; 0 nd ll its yli permutE
WR
vet x, y, z e positive rel numers suh tht xyz = 1. rove tht
x3 + 1 x4 +y+z
y3 + 1 y4 +z+x
z3 + 1 z4 +x+y
2 xy + yz + zx.
SolutionX
sing the ewEqw inequlityD e hve
(x4 + y + z )(xy + yz + zx) = 2 [x4 + xyz (y + z )](xy + yz + zx) = 2 (x3 + y 2 z + yz 2 )(x2 y + x2 z + xyz ) (x3 + y 2 z + yz 2 ) + (x2 y + x2 z + xyz ) = (x + y + z )(x2 + yz ) = (x + y + z )(x3 + 1) . x
it follows tht
2x xy + yz + zx . x+y+z x4 + y + z x3 + 1
edding this nd it nlogous inequlitiesD the result followsF IPTF vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht
16(a + b + c)
rove tht
1 1 1 + + . a b c 8 . 9
1
3
a+b+
2(a + c)
SolutionX
sing the ewEqw inequlityD e hveX
a+b+
o thtX
2(c + a) = a + b + 1
c+a + 2
c+a 3 (a + b)(c + a) 3 . 2 2 2 . 27(a + b)(c + a)
a+b+
husD it9s enough to hek thtX
2(c + a)
1 4 6(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) a + b + c, 3(a + b)(c + a)

whih is true sine 9(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) ndX
16(ab + bc + ca)2 3 ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca . 3 16 1 he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 4 . IPUF if a1 , a2 , . . . , an re positive rel numers suh tht a1 + a2 + + an = n, then 16abc(a + b + c) ab + bc + ca 1 1 1 2n n 1 + + + + 2 n + 2 n 1. 2 2 a1 a2 an a1 + a2 + + an
SolutionX
ith n = 2 e hve eutiful ineq Xa1 + a2 = 2
1 1 4 + + 2 4 a1 a2 a1 + a2 2
WS
<=>
e hve
(a1 a2 )4 2 0 a1 a2 (a1 + a2 )(a2 1 + a2 )
1 1 n2 n 1 ) + + + 2 n 1(1 2 2 a1 a2 an a1 + a2 + + an a1 + a2 + + a2 n 2 2 2 1 1 1 n2 2 n 1 n(a2 1 + a2 + + an ) (a1 + a2 + + an ) ) <=> + + + ( 2 2 a1 a2 an a1 + a2 + + an n a2 1 + a2 + + an (aW e aj )2 2 n1 (aW e aj )2 <=> ) ( 2 2 ai aj (a1 + a2 + + an n a1 + a2 2 + + an 1 2 n1 <=> [ ](aW e aj )2 0 2 2 ai aj (a1 + a2 + + an ) n(a2 1 + a2 + + an ) 1 2 n1 (aW e aj )2 <=> [ 2 ] 0 2 ai aj (a1 + a2 n 2 + + an ) <=>
FiFh IPVF vet a, b, c > 0Frove thtX
1 1 1 2 1 + + 2 + a2 + 2bc b2 + 2ca c2 + 2ab a + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
2 a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + b2 + c2 + 1, 2 a + 2bc ab + bc + ca (b c)2 (b c)2 . 2 a + 2bc ab + bc + ca gse a = b = c is trivilF xowD gonsider for the se (a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 > 0.
fy guhy hwrz inequlityD e hve or
a2 + 2bc (b c)2
end euse
(b c)2 a2 + 2bc
(b c)2
a2 + 2bc (b c)2 = (ab + bc + ca)

herefore
2
(b c)2 .
(b c)2 (b c)2 (b c)2 = a2 + 2bc (ab + bc + ca) ( (b c)2 ) ab + bc + ca
s require IPWF vet a, b, c e non negtive rel numers suh tht ab + bc + ca > 0. rove tht
2a2
1 1 1 12 1 + 2 + 2 + . + bc 2b + ca 2c + ab ab + bc + ca (a + b + c)2
WT
SolutionX
<=>
prom
2a2 +2bc 2a2 +bc
(a + b)(a + c) + 2a2 + bc
bc 2a2 +bc
a2 + bc 12(ab + bc + ca) 2 2a2 + bc (a + b + c)2
3=
1De get a2 + bc 20 2a2 + bc
xowDe will prove the stronger
12(ab + bc + ca) (a + b)(a + c) 2 2a + bc (a + b + c)2

prom uhyEshrztDe hve
(a + b)(a + c) = (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)( 2a2 + bc

pinllyDe only need to prove tht
1 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) (2a2 + bc)(b + c) ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a)
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 4(ab + bc + ca) ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a) (a + b + c)2 <=> (a + b + c)2 4[ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a) 8abc =4 ab + bc + ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) <=> a2 + b2 + c2 8abc + 2 ab + bc + ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
whih is old prolemF yurDSolution re ompletedDequlity our if nd if only aaDaDaH or ny yli permutionF IQHF vetx, y, z > 0nd x + y + z = 1. rove thtX
x2 y 2 y2 z2 z 2 x2 xy + yz + zx + + z + xy x + yz y + zx 4
SolutionX
he inequlity n e writtenX
x2 y 2 y2 z2 z 2 x2 xy + yz + zx + + . (x + z )(y + z ) (y + x)(z + x) (z + y )(x + y ) 4

ine
x2 y 2 xyz (x + y + z ) = xy , (x + z )(y + z ) (x + z )(y + z )
the ove inequlity is equivlent to
3 (xy + yz + zx) xyz (x + y + z ) 4

or whih is true euse nd
1 , (x + z )(y + z )
3(xy + yz + zx) 8(x + y + z ) , xyz (x + y + z ) (x + y )(y + z )(z + x) 3(xy + yz + zx) 9 , xyz (x + y + z ) xy + yz + zx 9 8(x + y + z ) . xy + yz + zx (x + y )(y + z )(z + x)
WU
IQIF vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3. rove tht
12
1 1 1 + + a b c
4(a3 + b3 + c3 ) + 21.
SolutionX
vyq a b c henote
f (a, b, c) = 12 f(
1 1 1 + + a b c
4(a3 + b3 + c3 ) + 21 4c3 + (a + b)3 + 21
a+b a+b , , c) = 12 2 2
4 1 + a+b c
b a+b hen f (a, b, c) f ( a+ 2 , 2 , c)
= 12
1 1 4 1 + + a b a+b c
+ (a + b)3 4(a3 + b3 ) = 3(a b)2 (
4 (a + b)) ab(a + b)
fy ewEqw ineqD notie thtX
ab(a + b)2
o
4 ab(a+b)
(a + b) 4 4
(a + b) 0 nd f (a, b, c) f ( a+b a+b , , c) 2 2
xow e proveX
f(
a+b a+b , , c) 0 12 2 2
4 1 + 3c c
4c3 + (3 c)3 + 21 0
36(c + 1) 3c3 + 9c2 27c + 48 c(3 c)
12(c + 1) c(3 c)(c3 + 3c2 9c + 16) c5 18c3 + 43c2 36c + 12 0 (c 2)2 (c 1)(c2 + 3c 3) 0
whih is true euse c 1 e omplete the SolutionD equlity hold when (a, b, c) = 1 1 (2, 2 , 2) IQPF vet a, b, c, d e positive rel numers suh three of them re sideElengths of tringleF rove tht
2a + a+b
2b + b+c
2c + c+d
2d 4. d+a
SolutionX
ithout loss of generlityD ssume tht d = min{a, b, c}. sing the known result
2a + a+b e see tht it suffies to prove tht 2c + c+d
2b 3 b+c
2c , (1) c+a
2d 1+ d+a
WV
2c .(2) c+a
his inequlity n e written s follows
2c 2d + +2 c+d d+a 1 2 2c a+c 2 2c
4cd 2c 1+ +2 (c + d)(d + a) c+a
2c , (3) c+a
2d 2c 2d 2c + 1, (4) (c + d)(d + a) c+d d+a c+a 2d , (5) (c + d)(d + a)
1 2d (a d)(c d)(a c) 1 + a + c (c + d)(d + a) (c + d)(d + a)(a + c) a+c 1 2 2 c ( a c) + a+c 2d .(6) (c + d)(d + a)
if a c, then @TA is lerly trueF vet us onsider now the se a c. ine
2d 1 , (7) (c + d)(d + a) a+c

2c(a + c) a c.(8)
prom the given hypothesisD e hve 2c c + d a. hereforeD
2c(a + c)
a(a + c) > a > a c.(9)
he Solution is ompletedF IQQF vet a, b, c e positive rel numersF rove tht
A + B 2C,
where
A=
c a+c b+a c+b b+c c+a a+b a b + + ,B = + + ,C = + + . b c a b+c c+a a+b a+c b+a c+b
SolutionX
vet9s denote
x=
hen A = x + y + z
a b c ,y = ,z = b c a
a+c a c = + = b+c b+c b+c

eting nlogouslyD e will otin
b a
1 +
c a
b c
1 x 1 + = xz + 1 y + 1 +1
B=
x y z 1 1 1 + + + + + xz + 1 yx + 1 zy + 1 x + 1 y + 1 z + 1 x y z x y z C= + + + + + xz + 1 yx + 1 zy + 1 x + 1 y + 1 z + 1
husD e hve to prove tht for xyz = 1
x+y+z+
1 1 1 x y z 2x 2y 2z + + + + + + + x+1 y+1 z+1 xz + 1 yx + 1 zy + 1 x + 1 y + 1 z + 1

WW
x+y+z
xote tht
x xz +1
x y z 2x 1 2y 1 2z 1 + + + + + xz + 1 yx + 1 zy + 1 x+1 y+1 z+1

therefore it reminsX
xy y +1 D
x+y+z
xowD
2x 1 + xz 2y 1 + xy 2z 1 + yz + + x+1 y+1 z+1 z= zx + z x+1
so e hveX
0
or his n e rewritten s
2x 1 z 2y 1 x 2z 1 y + + x+1 y+1 z+1
z 2x + 1 x 2y + 1 y 2z + 1 + + 0 x+1 y+1 z+1 z+3 x+3 y+3 + + 6 x+1 y+1 z+1
prom the priniple of rrnged setsD
x+3 y+3 z+3 z+3 x+3 y+3 + + + + x+1 y+1 z+1 x+1 y+1 z+1
oD for xyz = 1 it suffies to prove tht
1 1 1 + + 1, 5 x+1 y+1 z+1

efter returning k to a, b, c it turns into illEknown inequlity
b c a + + 1, 5 a+b b+c c+a

tht ompletes the Solution F IQRF IAvet a, b, c e sides of tringleFrove thtX
b c a+b+c a + + 2 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca 2c2 + ab a + b2 + c 2
SolutionX
promX
a 1 (a b)(a c) = 2a2 + bc a + b + c (2a2 + bc)(a + b + c)

nd
a+b+c 3 2 (a b)(a c) = 2 a2 + b2 + c2 a+b+c (a + b2 + c2 )(a + b + c)
e n write this inequlity in the form
X (a b)(a c) + Y (b a)(b c) + Z (c a)(c b) 0

with
X=
1 2 2 a2 + b2 + c2 2a + bc
IHH
nd smilr with DF fuse DD e sides of trigleDe hve 3a2 a2 (b c)2
X=
o X, Y, Z 0 ssume tht a b c e hve
(a2
3a2 (b c)2 0 + b2 + c2 )(2a2 + bc
X Y =
(a b)(2a + 2b c) 0 (2a2 + bc)(2b2 + ac)
X (a b)(a c)+ Y (b a)(b c)+ z (c a)(c b) (a b)[X (a c) Y (b c)] X (a b)2 0

yur Solution re ompletedDequlity our if nd if only aaDaDaH or ny yli permutionF PA vet a, b, c, d e rel numerF rove thtX
|
roofX
a b c d ad + bc + + | 3 a + b c + d ac bd
|
F e hve
a b c d ad + bc a b c d ad + bc 2 + + | 3( + + ) 3 a + b c + d ac bd a + b c + d ac bd (x + y + z )2 3|xy + yz + zx|
rene
a b c d ad + bc 2 a b c d c d ad + bc ad + bc a b + + ) 3| . + . + . a + b c + d ac bd a + b c + d c + d ac bd ac bd a + b = 3| (a b)(c d)(ac bd) + (ad + bc)[(a + b)(c d) + (a b)(c + d)] | (a + b)(c + d)(ac cd)
= 3|
(a b)(c d)(ac bd) + 2(ad + bc)(ac bd) (a + b)(c + d)(ac bd) | = 3| |=3 (a + b)(c + d)(ac cd) (a + b)(c + d)(ac cd)
F FiFh F inqulity holds when
ad = bc a2 c + b2 d = 3ab(c + d) 2 ac + bd2 = 3cd(a + b)
ad = bc a+b=c+d
IQSF vet a, b, c e rel vrilesD suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove tht the following inequlity holds
b2
a2 b2 c2 3 + 2 + 2 2b + 3 c 2c + 3 a 2a + 3 2
SolutionX
(b 1)2 = [(a 1) + (c 1)]2 2[(a 1)2 + (c 1)2 ].(1)
IHI
it follows tht
(b 1)2
whih implies
2 2 [(a 1)2 + (b 1)2 + (c 1)2 ] = (a2 + b2 + c2 3), (2) 3 3 b2 2b + 3 = (b 1)2 + 2 2 2 (a + b2 + c2 ).(3) 3
prom @QAD e otin
3 a2 a2 , (4) b2 2b + 3 2 a2 + b2 + c2 nd y dding this to its nlogous inequlitiesD e get the desired resultF IQTFvet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numers suh tht ab + bc + ca > 0. rove tht 1 1 1 2 + + . 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca 2c2 + ab ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
ab + bc + ca 2, (1) 2a2 + bc a(b + c) bc + 2.(2) 2 2a + bc bc + 2a2 sing the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e hve bc bc + 2a2
hereforeD it suffies to prove tht or
( bc) = 1.(3) bc(bc + 2a2 )
a(b + c) 1.(4) 2a2 + bc

ine it is enough to hek tht
a(b + c) a(b + c) , 2a2 + bc 2(a2 + bc) a(b + c) 2, (5) a2 + bc
whih is known resultF IQUF vet a, b, c > 0Fprove thtX

3
3 a2 + bc abc 9 . b2 + c2 (a + b + c)
Solution X
his ineq is equivlent toX
a2 + bc
3
9 (a + b + c)
3
abc(a2 + bc) (b2 + c2 )
fy ewEqw ineq D e hveX
a2 + bc
3
a2 + bc
3
abc(a2 + bc) (b2 + c2 )
(a2 + bc)c(a2 + bc)b(b2 + c2 )a

IHP
3(a2 + bc) a2 b
sym
imilrlyD this ineq is true if e prove thtX
3(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca) 9 3 2 a b (a + b + c)
sym
a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc
sym
a2 b
@ whih is true y hur ineq A equlity holds when a = b = cF IQVF vet a, b, c e the positive rel numersF rove thtX
1+
4. 3 (a2 + ab + bc)(b2 + bc + ca)(c2 + ca + ab) ab2 + bc2 + ca2 (ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c) (a + b + c)2
end this is our Solution for itX wultiplying oth sides of the ove inequlity with (a + b + c)2 it9s equivlent to prove tht
SolutionX
(a + b + c)2 +
(a + b + c)(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 ) ab + bc + ca
4. 3 (a2 + ab + bc)(b2 + bc + ca)(c2 + ca + ab)

e hve
(a + b + c)(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 ) = ab + bc + ca fy using ewEqw inequlity e get (a + b + c)2 + (a2 + ab + bc)(c + a)(c + b) 3. ab + bc + ca ine it9s suffies to show tht
3
(a2 + ab + bc)(c + a)(c + b) ab + bc + ca
(a2 + ab + bc)(b2 + bc + ca)(c2 + ca + ab)[(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)]2 ab + bc + ca
3. 3 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 2. ab + bc + ca
whih is lerly true y ewEqw inequlity ginF he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds for a = b = c IQWF por ny a, b, c > 0F rove thtX
c a+b b+c c+a b+c c+a a+b a b + + + + + 3( + + 1) b c a b+c c+a a+b a+b c+a c+a SolutionX he ineq is equivlent to X a b c 3( + + ) 6 + 2 b c a
fut X
a b+c
a b c (a + b + c)2 a2 + b2 + c2 =6+3 3( + + ) 3 b c a ab + ac + bc ab + ac + bc it9s enough to prove tht X 2 a2 + b2 + c2 ab + ac + bc 3 a 2 a2 + b2 + c2 (a2 + b2 + c2 + abc( b+c 3 bc ac ab + b. + c. ) b+c a+c a+b
IHQ
1 )) a+b
a2 + b2 + c2 2(a.
fut X
2(a.
FiFh
bc ac ab + b. + c. ) 2. b+c a+c a+b
(a.
b+c ) = ab + ac + bc a2 + b2 + c2 4
IRHF vet a, b, c e positive rel numersF rove thtX
a2 b2 c2 + + b c a
3(a2 + b2 + c2 )
SolutionX
he shrper inequlities holdX
a2 b2 c2 (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + ; b c a ab + bc + ca his ineq is equivlent to X (a) (ab + bc + ca)(

cyc
a2 ) (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) b a3 c a3 + b3 + c3 + b a2 b
sym
a3 + b3 + c3 + a2 c + c2 b + b2 a +
cyc 3 3 3
fy ewEqm ineqD e hveX
a c b a c b + + ac2 + cb2 + ba2 b c a 2a2 b 2b2 c 2c2 a

hold when a = b = c
a3 c b3 a + b c 3 b a c3 b + c a 3 3 a c c b + b a edding up these ineqsD e hve doneD equlity
IRHF vet a,b,c e the sideElengths of tringle inequlityF rove tht
a b c + + a + 2b + 2c b + 2c + 2a c + 2a + 2b
2 (a + b + c). 3
SolutionX
sing the guhyEhwrz inequlity e hve
2
cyc
a a + 2b + 2c
(a + b + c)
cyc
a a + 2b + 2c
o tht it suffies to hek tht
cyc
2 a ; a + 2b + 2c 3
hihD on the sustitution a = x + y ; b = y + z ; c = z + x is equivlent to with
cyc
3(x + y ) 2; 3(x + y ) + 4z
IHR
hihD gin equivlents
cyc
4z 1. 4z + 3(x + y )
xote tht e hveY using the guhyEhwrz inequlity tht
cyc
4(x + y + z )2 4z ; 4z + 3(x + y ) 4(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) + 6(xy + yz + zx)
o tht it is enough to hek tht
4(x + y + z )2 4(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) + 6(xy + yz + zx);

hihD on turnD n e rewritten into the following ovious inequlityX
2(xy + yz + zx) 0.
rene provedF iqulity ours if nd only if x = y = 0 iFeF a = b; c = 0; nd its ylisF2 IRIFvet a, b, c re positive rel numersFprove thtX
110
4ab(a + b) +
110
4cb(b + c) +
110
4ca(c + a) 3 110 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
SolutionX
his ineq is equivlent to X
110
4ab + (c + a)(c + b)
110
4cb + (a + c)(a + b)
110
4ca 3 (b + c)(b + a)
fy ewEqw ineq D e hveX

110
a 108 + a2 4ab +c + (c + a)(c + b) 110
2b b+c
imilrlyD ddding up these ineqsD e hveX LHS 3 iqulity holds when a = b = c IRRF vet a,b,c e positive rel numers suh tht 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + ab + bc + ca = 12. rove tht
a b c 3 + + . c+a a+b b+c 2
SolutionX
vet
A = a2 + b2 + c2 , B = ab + bc + ca 2A + B = 2 a2 + ab 3 3 4 a2 + ab = 9.
a a+b a a+b
IHS
a+b+c
a . a+b
fy guhy hwrz inequlity ginD e hve
b = a+b
b2 b(a + b)
(a + b + c)2 A + 2B = b(a + b) A+B b A + 2B 2A + B 3 = a+b A+B A+B
a =3 a+b heneD it suffies to prove tht
( a + b + c)
gonsider
2A + B 9 A+B 2
(a + b + c) 2A + B (A + 2B ) + (2A + B ) 2 2A + B 3 3 9 = (A + B ) (a + b + c) 2A + B 2 A+B 2 2 = (A + 2B ) (2A + B )
s require IRSF vet a,b,c e positive rel numers suh tht 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + ab + bc + ca = 12. rove tht
a b c 3 + + . c+a a+b b+c 2
SolutionX
fy ewEqw ineq D esy to see thtX 3 a2 + b2 + c2 4 fy guhyEhwrz ineqD e hveX
LHS = (
a a+c (a + b)(a + c)
) (a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)(
a ) (a + b)(a + c)
sing the fmilir ineq X 9(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)D e hveX
a 2(ab + bc + ca) 9 = (a + b)(a + c) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 4(a + b + c)

end e need to prove thtX
9 9(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca) 4(a + b + c) 2
6 (a2 + b2 + c2 ) 24 5(a2 + b2 + c2 )
(6 (a2 + b2 + c2 ))2 24 5(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (3 (a2 + b2 + c2 ))(4 (a2 + b2 + c2 )) 0

whih is true e re done D equlity holds when a = b = c = 1 IRUF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht abc 1F rove tht
a4
1 1 1 + 4 + 4 1 3 2 3 2 +b +c b +c +a c + a3 + b2
IHT
SolutionX
IFFfy guhy hwrz inequlityD e hve
a4
1 = + b3 + c2
2 c2 )
(a4
b3
1 + b + c2 + c2 ) (1 + b + c2 )
2
1 + b + c2 (a2 + b2 +
3 + (a + b + c) + a2 + b2 + c2 (a2 + b2 + c2 )
fy ewEqw inequlityD e hve
3 a + b + c 3 abc 3, 3 a2 + b2 + c2 3 a2 b2 c2 3.
1 3 (a
3 + (a + b + c) + a2 + b2 + c2 (a2 + b2 + c2 ) (a2 + b2 + c2 ) a2
2
1 + b + c)2 + 3 (a + b + c)2 + a2 + b2 + c2 2
3 1. + b2 + c2
PFF o if abc > 1 e n let a repled y a1 whih is smller thn a nd the LHS will e igger so e just need to prove the sitution whih abc = 1 hus ording to the g inequlity
(a4 + b3 + c2 )(1 + b + c2 ) (1 + b + c2 ) a2
nd the other two re simillr so e hve
a2 )
a4
1 + b3 + c2
LHS
then e just need to prove
a2 + a + 3 ( a2 )2
a4 + 2
for
a2 b2
(a2 + a + 1)
a4 + 1
e just need to prove a2 + 2 so wht e wnt to show is
2a2 2a
a2 b2
a + b + c + 6 then a2 + 1 a2 b2 9
a+2
whih is stright pplied of ewEqw nd abc = 1 IRVF vet a, b, c 0 suh tht a + b + c = a2 + b2 + c2 F rove tht
a+b+c 2
+1
a2 b + b2 c + c2 a +
ab2 + bc2 + ca2
IHU
SolutionX
sing ewEqm nd g e hveX
a+b+c 2 a2 b + b2 c + c2 a +
e need to prove thtX
+12
2
a+b+c 2
ab2 + bc2 + ca2
2(a2 b+b2 c+c2 a+ab2 +bc2 +ca2 ) 2(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)
4
etting
a+b+c 2
2(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)
a + b + c = a2 + b2 + c2 = t 0 ab + bc + ca =
our inequlity equivlent toX
t2 t 2
t3 4(t2 t) t(t 2)2 0

IRWFvet YYbHFrove thtX
( a + b) + c
(b + c) + a
(a + c) 2( b
c + a+b
a + c+b
b ) a+c
SolutionX
y+z 2 x
cyc
cyc
cyc
x y+z
y + z 2x
cyc
x(y + z )
zx x(y + z ) xy
cyc
xy x( y + z ) xy x( y + z )
y (x + z )
cyc
z (x y )2 ( x(y + z ) + y (x + z )) xy (x + z )(y + z )
0.
ISHFpor positive rels suh tht a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 = 3D prove tht
a + bc2 + 2
b + ca2 + 2
3 c + ab2 . 2 abc
SolutionX
IFFFF
2
cyc 1 vet a = x ,b = reneD 1 y 1 nd c = z .
a + bc2 2
3 2
(a + a2 c).
cyc
a+b+c
3 (a2 b2 + a2 c2 + b2 c2 )7 4 ( a + b + c ) a2 b2 c2 27a8 b8 c8
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )7 27(xy + xz + yz )4 x2 y 2 z 2 ,
IHV
whih true nd
a2 c + b2 a + c2 b
3 (a2 b2 + a2 c2 + b2 c2 )9 2 2 2 4 ( a c + b a + c b ) a2 b2 c2 243a8 b8 c8
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )9 243(x2 y + y 2 z + z 2 x)4 x2 y 2 z 2 ,

whih true sineD
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )3 3(x2 y + y 2 z + z 2 x)2

PFFFFFFF
a + bc2 = 2 1 = ( 4
ine
ab + b2 c2 2b 2 + ab + a
1 1 ab + b2 c2 ( + ) 2 b 2 a2 b2 ) 1 (3 + 2 1 a
ab + bc + ca =
sine
3(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 ) = 3, (LHS ) 3 ab + bc + ca 3 3 3 + + 2 2abc 2 2abc abc 3 = a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 3(abc) 3

4
FiFh F ISIF if a,b,c re nonnegtive rel numers suh tht ab + bc + ca > 0, then
b2
b+c c+a a+b 4(a + b + c) + 2 + 2 2 . 2 2 2 2 + bc + c c + ca + a a + ab + b a + b + c2 + ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
(a + b)(a + b + c) =3+ a2 + ab + b2
yr it suffies to prove tht
ab + bc + ca a2 + ab + b2
ab + bc + ca 4(ab + bc + ca) 1+ 2 2 2 a + ab + b a + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca
or
4(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 2 a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca (a b)2 a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca (a b)2 a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 (a c)2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca a2
ab + bc + ca a2 + ab + b2
a(a c) + b(b c) a2 + ab + b2 a(a c) c(a c) 2 2 + ab + b b + bc + c2 (a c)2 (b2 ac) + ab + b2 )(b2 + bc + c2 )
(a2
ut it follows from the inequlity
(a2 + ab + b2 )(b2 + bc + c2 ) (b2 ac)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)

whih is oviously true fter expndingF he Solution is ompleted D equlity ours when a = b = c IHW
ISPF vet DD e positive rel numersD prove thtX
(a2 + bc)(b + c) (b2 + ca)(c + a) (c2 + ab)(a + b) 9abc + + a+b+c+ 2 b2 + bc + c2 c2 + ca + a2 a2 + ab + b2 ( a + b + c)
SolutionX
pirstlyD e will show tht
bc(a2 + bc) ca(b2 + ca) ab(c2 + ab) + + 3abc.(1) b+c c+a a+b bc(a2 + bc) bc(a + b)(a + c) = abc, b+c b+c this inequlity n e written s bc(a + b)(a + c) 6abc. b+c xowD using the ewEqw inequlityD e get bc(a + b)(a + c) 3 3 a2 b2 c2 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 6abc. b+c urning k to our prolemF sing the ewEqw inequlityD e hve 1 4(ab + bc + ca) = 2 + bc + c 4(ab + bc + ca)(b2 + bc + c2 ) 4(ab + bc + ca) [(ab + bc + ca) + (b2 + bc + c2 )]2 4(ab + bc + ca) . = (b + c)2 (a + b + c)2
ine
b2
husD it suffies to prove tht
4
or
(a2 + bc)(ab + bc + ca) (a + b + c)3 + 9abc, b+c a(a2 + bc) + 4 bc(a2 + bc) (a + b + c)3 + 9abc. b+c
xowD using @IAD e see tht it suffies to show tht
4(a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc) + 12abc (a + b + c)3 + 9abc,

or
4(a3 + b3 + c3 ) + 15abc (a + b + c)3 ,

whih is hur9s inequlity ISQF vet a, b, ce positive rel numerF rove thtX
4 (a2 + bc)(b + c) (b2 + ca)(c + a) (c2 + ab)(a + b) + + (a + b + c). 2 2 2 2 2 2 b + bc + c c + ca + a a + ab + b 3
IIH
SolutionX
xotie tht this inequlity n e written s
b2
1 1 1 + 2 + 2 2 2 + bc + c c + ca + a a + ab + b2 7 a+b+c 2 , 3 a (b + c) + b2 (c + a) + c2 (a + b) + abc
whih is stronger thn the known result of s
1 1 9 1 + 2 + 2 , b2 + bc + c2 c + ca + a2 a + ab + b2 (a + b + c)2
euse
7(a + b + c)3 27[a2 (b + c) + b2 (c + a) + c2 (a + b) + abc].

it is true y hur9s inequlityF ISRF rove thtX
1 1 + (n2 1)ai
if a1 a2 ...an = 1nd ai > 0D SolutionX n vet ai = exi F reneD xi = 0 nd e need to prove tht where
i=1
n i=1
f (xi ) 0D
f (x) =
fut
1 1 + (n2 1)ex
f ( x) =
husD f is onvex funtion on
(n2 1)ex ((n2 1)ex 2) 4 (1 + (n2 1)ex )

2.5
ln
2 , + n2 1
nd f is onve funtion on , ln n22 1 F if t lest two numers from {xi } re smller thn ln n22 1 so
n
f ( xi ) >
i=1
2 1 + (n2 1)e xi ln
ln
2 n2 1
2 = >1 3
if ll
n2
2 , + 1 xi = nf (0) = 1
so y tensen
i=1 f (xi ) nf n i=1
he lst seX ixtly one numer from {xi } smller thn ln n22 1 F vets mrk him s tF reneD sum of the remin numers equl tF III
reneD y tensen gin for f on ln n22 1 , + enough to prove thtX
1 1+
vet et = xn1 D where
( n2
1)et
n1 1 + (n2 1)e n1 2 2 n 1
1 n1 t
0<x<
nd
<1 n1 1+
n2 1 x
g ( x) =
e otinX
1 1 + (n2 1)xn1
g (x) =
(n 1)2 (n + 1)(xn 1) (n2 1)3 x2n3 xn 3(n2 1)xn1 1 2x2 (1 + (n2 1)xn1 )(1 +
n2 1 1.5 x )
xn 1 +
n2 1 1.5 x
+ (1 + (n2 1)xn1 )1.5
e see tht g hs only two positive rootsX 1 nd x1 D where 0 < x1 < 1 @ll this for n 3D ut for n = 2 the inequlity is oviousAF id estD xmax = x1 D g (1) = 1 nd sine lim g (x) = 1D ISSF uppose tht aDbDc e three positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3 F rove tht X
x0+
1 1 1 3 + + 2 2 2 2 2 2 2+a +b 2+b +c 2+c +a 4
SolutionX
IArite the inequlity s
a2
or
a2 + b2 3 , + b2 + 2 2 3 . 2
(a + b)2 (a + b)2 +
2(a+b)2 a2 +b2
epplying the guhy hwrz inequlityD e hve
LHS
4(a + b + c)2 (a + b)2 +2

(a+b)2 a2 +b2
= (a +
36 b)2 +2
(a+b)2 a2 +b2
(a + b)2 + 2
feuse
(a + b)2 24. a2 + b2 (a + b)2 = (a b)2 , a2 + b2 1 3 (a b)2 ,
12
nd
(a + b)2 =
4 (a + b + c)2 3 (a + b)2 =2 a2 + b2
12 2
(a b)2
6 1 a2 + b2
0.
nder the ssumption tht a b c, e see tht this inequlity is oviously true if a2 + b2 6. IIP
vet us onsider now the se a2 + b2 6, in this se e hve
1 1 , a2 + b2 + 2 8
nd
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 2 + 2 + + , a2 + c2 + 2 b2 + c2 + 2 a + 2 b2 + 2 8 b2 b +2 2 2
@euse 0 b2 6A rene
a2
1 1 1 3 1 + + = . 2 +b +2 8 8 2 4
PAuppose tht aDbDc e three positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3 F rove tht X
1 1 1 3 + + 2 + a2 + b2 2 + b2 + c2 2 + c2 + a2 4
SolutionX@wessigemA
vemm Xith x, y, z > 0De hveX
( x + y + y + z + z + x)2 2 3(xy + yz + zx) + 4(x + y + z ) ut m = b + c + c + a a + b; n = c + a + a + b b + c p= a+b+ b+c c+a
then m, n, p > 0Fhis inequlity eomeX
mn + np + pm
3mnp(m + n + p)
hih is ovious trueF iqulity holds if nd only if x = y = z ExowDom k the prolemF it is equivlent toX
b2 + c 2 c2 + a2 3 a2 + b2 + + 2 2 2 2 2 2 2+a +b 2+b +c 2+c +a 2 fy guhyEhwrz inequlity nd vemmDe hveY ( a2 + b2 + b2 + c2 + c2 + a2 )2 LHS 6 + 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) = 2 a2 + 2 (a2 + b2 )(a2 + c2 ) 2 2 6 + 2(a + b2 + c2 ) a2 + 2( a2 + ab) 3 = 2 6 + 2(a + b2 + c2 ) 2
henDe hve FiFh iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 1 QAvet 1 1 1 f (a, b, c) = + + 2 2 2 2 2+a +b 2+b +c 2 + c2 + a2 1 2 + => f (a, t, t) = 2 2 2+a +t 2 + 2 t2
IIQ
with t = e hve
b+c 2
f (a, t, t)f (a, b, c) = (b2 +c2
(b + c)2 1 )( 2 2 2 (b + c + 2)(2 +
(b+c)2 ) 2
(4 +
1 2a2 + b2 + c2 )(4 + 2a2 +

(b+c)2 ) 2
)0
it9s true euse 2(b2 + c2 ) (b + c)2 nd
4 + 2a2 + b2 + c2 b2 + c2 + 2, 4 + 2a2 +
end thenDe prove tht
(b + c)2 (b + c)2 2+ 2 2
f (a, t, t)
3 (a 1)2 (15a2 78a + 111) 0 4
@whih is ovious trueA@ FiFh A iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 1 ISTF vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove thtX 1 + 8abc 9min(a, b, c)
SolutionX
vyq let a = min{a, b, c} => a 1Db = a + p, c = a + q Dwhere 3a + p + q = 3 nd a, p, q 0D then 1 + 8abc 9min(a, b, c) 1 + 8a(a + p)(a + q ) 9a
1 + 8a3 + 8(p + q )a2 + 8pqa 9a 1 + 8a3 + 8(3 3a)a2 + 8pqa 9a 0 16a3 24a2 + (9 8pq )a 1
sine p, q 0 nd
a=
e hve
3pq 1 3
16a3 24a2 + (9 8pq )a 1 16a3 24a2 + 9a 1 = (a 1)(4a 1)2 0

it is rueF ISUFvet aD bD c e rel positive numers suh tht abc = 1D prove or disprove tht
b+c c+a a+b 1 1 1 + 3 + 3 2+ 2+ 2 3 a + bc b + ca c + ab a b c
SolutionX
xote thtD sine abc = 1D e hve 3 abc = 1F yn the other hndD y the qwErw inequlityD e hve 3
nd thus
abc
3 1/a + 1/b + 1/c
1
his yields
3 1/a + 1/b + 1/c
b+c b+c 3 3 a + bc a + bc 1/a+13 /b+1/c

IIR
imilrlyD
b3
nd
c+a c+a 3 + ca b + ca 1/a+13 /b+1/c
a+b a+b 3 c3 + ab c + ab 1/a+13 /b+1/c
xow e will showX vemm IF por ny three positive numers D D D e hve
b+c c+a a+b + 3 + 3 3 3 a3 + bc 1/a+13 b + ca c + ab /b+1/c 1/a+1/b+1/c 1/a+1/b+1/c 1 1 1 + 2+ 2 2 a b c yf ourseD this vemm I will then yield the prolemD sine e will hve c+a a+b b+c + 3 + 3 3 a + bc b + ca c + ab b+c c+a a+b 3 + 3 + 3 3 3 a + bc 1/a+1/b+1/c b + ca 1/a+1/b+1/c c + ab 1/a+13 /b+1/c 1 1 1 + 2+ 2 a2 b c reneD in order to solve the prolemD it is enough to prove vemm IF Solution of vemm I F henoting 1 1 1 x = ,y = ,z = a b c e hve 1 1 1 a = ,b = ,c = x y z
husD fter some lgerD
b+c x3 (y + z ) (x + y + z ) = 3 3 2x + (x3 + yz 2 + zy 2 + xyz ) a3 + bc 1/a+1/b+1/c

fy the ewEqw inequlityD
x3 + yz 2 + zy 2 + xyz 4 4 x3 yz 2 zy 2 xyz = 4 4 x4 y 4 z 4 = 4xyz

nd thusD
b+c x3 (y + z ) (x + y + z ) = 2x3 + (x3 + yz 2 + zy 2 + xyz ) a3 + bc 1/a+13 /b+1/c x3 (y + z ) (x + y + z ) x + y + z x2 (y + z ) = 2 3 2x + 4xyz 2 x + 2yz c+a x + y + z y 2 (z + x) = 2 3 2 y + 2zx + ca 1/a+1/b+1/c
imilrlyD
b3
nd
a+b x + y + z z 2 (x + y ) = 2 2 z + 2xy c3 + ab 1/a+13 /b+1/c
IIS
xow e ome to nother lemmX vemm PF por ny three positive rels xD yD zD the inequlity
2 x2 + y 2 + z 2 x2 (y + z ) y 2 (z + x) z 2 (x + y ) + + x2 + 2yz y 2 + 2zx z 2 + 2xy x+y+z

holdsF prom this lemmD e will e le to onlude
x+y+z 2
x2 (y + z ) y 2 (z + x) z 2 (x + y ) + 2 + 2 x2 + 2yz y + 2zx z + 2xy
x2 + y 2 + z 2
thusD using wht e hve found eforeD
b+c c+a a+b + 3 + 3 3 3 a3 + bc 1/a+13 b + ca c + ab /b+1/c 1/a+1/b+1/c 1/a+1/b+1/c x + y + z x2 (y + z ) x + y + z y 2 (z + x) x + y + z z 2 (x + y ) 2 + 2 + 2 2 x + 2yz 2 y + 2zx 2 z + 2xy = x+y+z 2 x2 (y + z ) y 2 (z + x) z 2 (x + y ) + 2 + 2 x2 + 2yz y + 2zx z + 2xy 1 1 1 + 2+ 2 2 a b c
x2 + y 2 + z 2 =
sine
1 1 1 ,y = ,z = a b c thusD vemm I will e provenF reneD it only remins to prove vemm PF Solution of vemm PF e note tht 2 (y + z ) yz x2 (y + z ) = (y + z ) 2 2 x + 2yz x + 2yz x=
imilrlyD
y 2 (z + x) 2 (z + x) zx = (z + x) 2 2 y + 2zx y + 2zx z 2 (x + y ) 2 (x + y ) xy = (x + y ) 2 z 2 + 2xy z + 2xy
reneD
x2 (y + z ) y 2 (z + x) z 2 (x + y ) + 2 + 2 x2 + 2yz y + 2zx z + 2xy (y + z ) 2 (y + z ) yz x2 + 2yz + (z + x) 2 (z + x) zx y 2 + 2zx + (x + y ) 2 (x + y ) xy z 2 + 2xy
= 2 (x + y + z )
(y + z ) yz (z + x) zx (x + y ) xy + 2 + 2 2 x + 2yz y + 2zx z + 2xy
hereforeD the inequlity tht e hve to proveD
2 x2 + y 2 + z 2 x2 (y + z ) y 2 (z + x) z 2 (x + y ) + + x2 + 2yz y 2 + 2zx z 2 + 2xy x+y+z

is equivlent to
2 (x + y + z )
(y + z ) yz (z + x) zx (x + y ) xy + 2 + 2 x2 + 2yz y + 2zx z + 2xy
2 x2 + y 2 + z 2 x+y+z
IIT
=> (x + y + z )
(y + z ) yz (z + x) zx (x + y ) xy + 2 + 2 x2 + 2yz y + 2zx z + 2xy
x2 + y 2 + z 2 x+y+z
utrting oth sides from x + y + z D e get
(y + z ) yz (z + x) zx (x + y ) xy x2 + y 2 + z 2 + + ( x + y + z ) x2 + 2yz y 2 + 2zx z 2 + 2xy x+y+z

wht simplifies to
(y + z ) yz (z + x) zx (x + y ) xy 2 (yz + zx + xy ) + 2 + 2 x2 + 2yz y + 2zx z + 2xy x+y+z

xowD rther strnge wy to rewrite this is to mke the frtions on the left hnd side more omplitedX
( x2
((z + x) zx) ((x + y ) xy ) 2 (yz + zx + xy ) ((y + z ) yz ) + 2 + + 2yz ) (y + z ) yz (y + 2zx) (z + x) zx (z 2 + 2xy ) (x + y ) xy x+y+z
xowD pplying the guhyEhwrz inequlity in the ingel form D e hve
((y + z ) yz ) ((z + x) zx) ((x + y ) xy ) + 2 + 2 2 (x + 2yz ) (y + z ) yz (y + 2zx) (z + x) zx (z + 2xy ) (x + y ) xy ((y + z ) yz + (z + x) zx + (x + y ) xy ) (x2 + 2yz ) (y + z ) yz + (y 2 + 2zx) (z + x) zx + (z 2 + 2xy ) (x + y ) xy = ((y + z ) yz + (z + x) zx + (x + y ) xy ) 2 (x + y + z ) (y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 + x2 y 2 )
2 2
xowD the lst importnt lemm in our Solution will eX vemm QF por ny three positive rels xD yD zD e hve
((y + z ) yz + (z + x) zx + (x + y ) xy ) 4 (yz + zx + xy ) y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 + x2 y 2
in ftD one this vemm Q will e shownD e will hve
2 4 (yz + zx + xy ) y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 + x2 y 2 ((y + z ) yz + (z + x) zx + (x + y ) xy ) 2 (x + y + z ) (y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 + x2 y 2 ) 2 (x + y + z ) (y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 + x2 y 2 )
=
nd thus e will hve
2 (yz + zx + xy ) x+y+z
((y + z ) yz ) ((z + x) zx) ((x + y ) xy ) + 2 + 2 2 (x + 2yz ) (y + z ) yz (y + 2zx) (z + x) zx (z + 2xy ) (x + y ) xy ((y + z ) yz + (z + x) zx + (x + y ) xy ) 2 (yz + zx + xy ) 2 (x + y + z ) (y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 + x2 y 2 ) x+y+z
2
wht will finish the Solution of vemm PF husD ll e need is to show vemm QF pirst Solution of vemm QF e hve
((y + z ) yz + (z + x) zx + (x + y ) xy ) 4 (yz + zx + xy ) y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 + x2 y 2 = y 2 z 2 (y z ) + z 2 x2 (z x) + x2 y 2 (x y )
2 2 2
+2xyz x3 + y 3 + z 3 + 3xyz yz 2 zy 2 zx2 xz 2 xy 2 yx2
IIU
wht is 0 sine squres re nonnegtive nd sine
x3 + y 3 + z 3 + 3xyz yz 2 zy 2 zx2 xz 2 xy 2 yx2 0

y hurF reneD
((y + z ) yz + (z + x) zx + (x + y ) xy ) 4 (yz + zx + xy ) y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 + x2 y 2
nd vemm Q is provenF eond Solution of vemm QF e hve
((y + z ) yz + (z + x) zx + (x + y ) xy ) = ((x zx + y xy + z yz ) + (x xy + y yz + z zx)) 4 (x zx + y xy + z yz ) (x xy + y yz + z zx)

@y the inequlity (u + v ) 4uv whih holds for ny two rels u nd v AF reneD it remins to prove tht
2
(x zx + y xy + z yz ) (x xy + y yz + z zx) (yz + zx + xy ) y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 + x2 y 2
ine this inequlity is symmetri in its vriles xD y D z D e n vyq ssume tht x y zF henote A = xD B = y D C = z F henD A B C F elsoD denote X = yz D Y = zxD Z = xy F henD y x yields yz zxD so tht X Y F reneD pplying heorem W A from orniuEhur inequlity nd its vritions to the three rels AD B D C nd the three nonnegtive rels X D Y D Z D e get
(AY + BZ + CX ) (AZ + BX + CY ) (X + Y + Z ) (XBC + Y CA + ZAB )

his rewrites s
(x zx + y xy + z yz ) (x xy + y yz + z zx) (yz + zx + xy ) (yz yz + zx zx + xy xy )

iquivlentlyD
(x zx + y xy + z yz ) (x xy + y yz + z zx) (yz + zx + xy ) y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 + x2 y 2
nd vemm Q is provenF ISVF pind the lrgest positive rel numer p suh tht
a b c 3 + + , (a + 1)(b + p) (b + 1)(c + p) (c + 1)(a + p) 2(1 + p)

for ny positive rel numers DD suh tht abc = 1. SolutionF etting 1 a = t2 andb = c = , t > 0, t the inequlity eomes
t3 t 1 3 + + . 2 2 (t + 1)(pt + 1) (t + 1)(pt + 1) (t + 1)(t + p) 2(1 + p)

IIV
Lettingt , W eget
1 3 , orp 2 p 2(1 + p)
e will show tht P is tht lrgest vlue of p suh tht the desired inequlity holdsY tht isD to prove tht
b c 1 a + + . (a + 1)(b + 2) (b + 1)(c + 2) (c + 1)(a + 2) 2

ine a, b, c > 0 nd abc = 1D there exist some positive rel numers xDyDz suh tht
a=
x z y , b = andc = y x z
efter mking this sustitutionD the ove inequlity eomes
x2 y2 z2 1 + + . (x + y )(2x + z ) (y + z )(2y + x) (z + x)(2z + y ) 2

x2 (x + y )(2x + z )
nd heneD it suffies to show tht
(x + y + z )2 (x + y )(2x + z )
2(x + y + z )2 (x + y )(2x + z ) + (y + z )(2y + x) + (z + x)(2z + y ),

whih is just n identityF ISWF if a b c 0anda + b + c > 0D then
2(a c)2 (a c)2 3 a + b + c 3 abc . 2(a + c) a+c
SolutionF @A e prove tht

(a c)2 3 a + b + c 3 abc. 2(a + c)
(a c)2 (a c)2 a c 2 = 2(a + c) ( a + c)

= a + c 2 ac.
3 b + 2 ac 3 abc,
whih is true ording to the ewEqw inequlityF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c. @A e prove tht
2(a c)2 3 a + b + c 3 abc . a+c

etting a = x3 , b = y 3 nd c = z 3 , this inequlity eomes
x3 + y 3 + z 3 3xyz
2(x3 z 3 )2 , x3 + z 3
IIW
or equivlentlyD
1 2(x3 z 3 )2 . (x + y + z )[(x y )2 + (y z )2 + (z x)2 ] 2 x3 + z 3

ine x + y + z 2x + zand(x y )2 + (y z )2 (x z )2 it suffies to show tht
(2x + z )(x z )2
or
2(x3 z 3 )2 , x3 + z 3
(2x + z )(x3 + z 3 ) 2(x2 + xz + z 2 )2 .

1 (2x + z )(x3 + z 3 ) (2x + 4z )(x3 + 2xz 2 ) = 2(x2 + 2xz )(x2 + 2z 2 ) 2 [(x2 + 2xz ) + (x2 + 2z 2 )]2 = 2(x2 + xz + z 2 )
herefore the lst inequlity is true nd our Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only ifa = b = c, ora = b nd c = 0. enother Solution for @AF in the nontrivil se CCbHD y the ewEqw inequlityD e get
(ab + bc + ca) 3 abc 3abc . ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca hereforeD it suffies to prove tht 3 abc = a+b+c
or
9abc 2(a c)2 , ab + bc + ca a+c 2(ab + bc + ca)(a c)2 . a+c
(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) 9abc

ine
2(ab + bc + ca)(a c)2 2ac(a c)2 = 2b(a c)2 + 2b(a c)2 a+c a+c it is enough to hek tht (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) 9abc 2b(a c)2 .
(a + c)(a b)(b c) 0,
whih is oviously trueF ITHF Avet a, b, c, d e positive rel numersF rove tht
ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd 6
abc + bcd + cda + dab . 4
SolutionF
hue to symmetry nd homogeneityD e my ssume tht
a b c dandab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd = 6.
he inequlity eomes
abc + bcd + cda + dab 4.

IPH
fy the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e get
(abc + bcd + cda + dab) (ab + bc + cd + da)(abc2 + bcd2 + cda2 + dab2 ) = (ab + bc + cd + da)[ac(bc + da) + bd(ab + cd)].
xowD sine a b c d, e hve ac bd nd
bc + da (ab + cd) = (a c)(b d) 0.

husD y gheyshev9s inequlityD
1 (ac + bd)(bc + da + ab + cd). 2 gomining this with the ove inequlityD e get ac(bc + da) + bd(ab + cd) (abc + bcd + cda + dab)
2
1 1 (ac + bd)(ab + bc + cd + da)2 = 2(ac + bd) (ab + bc + cd + da)2 2 4

3
1 2(ac + bd) + 2(ab + bc + cd + da) 4 3
= 4.
he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = d. FiFh Avet ABC e tringle suh thtX A B
3
C Frove thtX
b+ca c+ab a+bc R 2r + + 9+ a b c R here r, R e the rdius nd irumrdius of tringle ABC olutionX vemm IF vet ABC e tringle so tht its ngles stisfy reltion of type X A B 60 C
rove tht X
3 (R + r)
reltion of type
roofF ine the ngles of ABC stisfy 3 tan A 2 3 A B 60 C = tan B 33 2 3 tan C 2 3
0 0 0 A 3 tan 0 2 9 = A 3 tan 2 3 0 tan A 2
3 3
B C 1 tan tan + 2 2 3
r 3 1 4R + r + s 3 3 s 3 0 9r + 3(4R + r) 4s 3 0 s 3 (R + r) 9
IPI
vemm PF sn ny tringle ABC the following inequlity holds X
b+ca + a
c+ab + b
a+bc s + 3r (2 c 2Rr x 4
3)
roofF epply the tensen9s inequlity for the onvex funtion
f (x) = tan
on the intervl
0,
3tan
A 4
B 4
C 4
tan
A A B C B C +tan +tan 3(2 3) tan +tan +tan () 4 4 4 4 4 4
yn the other hndD we my write X
tan 1
sa AI r AI
A = 4
1 cos A 2 = sin A 2
AI + BI + CI s AI s + a = r r
husD the inequlity () is equivlent to X
AI + BI + CI s + 3r (2
ine
3) ()
b+ca a nd so onD the inequlity () finlly eomes X AI = 2Rr b+ca + a c+ab + b a+bc s + 3r (2 c 2Rr 3)
rolemFrove tht in ny tringle ABC tht stisfies reltion of type
A B 60 C
the following inequlity holds X
b+ca + a
c+ab + b
a+bc 6r + 3 (R 2r) c 2Rr
9+
R 2r R
roofF epplylemm I lemm P
=
he inequlity
b + c a (2) s + 3r (2 a 2Rr 6r + 3 (R 2r) 2Rr

IPP
3)
(1)
6r +
3 (R 2r) 2Rr
9+
R 2r R
eomes X
6r +
3 (R 2r)
2r(10R 2r)
3(R 2r)2 + 12 3 r(R 2r) + 36r2 20Rr 4r2 (R 2r) 3R + (12 3 26) r 0
Avet efg is trigleDrove thtX
R ma . 2r ha
olutionX he snequlities n rewriteX a, b, c re the sideElengths of tringleD then
b2 c2 (a + b + c) (2b2 + 2c2 a2 )(b + c a)(c + a b)(a + b c).

etting x = b+ca, y = c+ab nd z = a+bc. glerlyD x, y, z > 0. he inequlity eomes
(x + y )2 (x + z )2 (x + y + z ) 4[4x(x + y + z ) + (y z )2 ]xyz,
(x + y + z )[(x + y )2 (x + z )2 16x2 yz ] 4xyz (y z )2 .

ine
(x + y )2 (x + z )2 16x2 yz = (x y )2 (x + z )2 + 4xy (x z )2 4xz (x y )2 + 4xy (x z )2 ,

(x + y + z )[z (x y )2 + y (x z )2 ] yz (y z )2 .
xowD we see tht x + y + z > y + z. oD it is enough to hek the following inequlity
(y + z )[z (x y )2 + y (x z )2 ] yz (y z )2 ,
whih is true ording to the guhyEhwrz snequlity
(y + z )[z (x y )2 + y (x z )2 ]
y z (x y ) + z y (z x)
= yz (y z )2
he proof is ompletedF ITIF qiven n integer n 2D find the mximl onstnt (n) hving the following propertyX if sequene of rel numers a0 , a1 , . . . , an satisf ies0 = a0 a1 an nd 2ai ai1 + ai+1 f ori = 1, 2, . . . , n 1, then
n 2 n
iai
i=1
(n)
i=1
a2 i.
SolutionF
e hoose (a0 , a1 , a2 , . . . , an ) = (0, 1, . . . , 1)F
IPQ
his sequene stisfies the given hypothesis nd fter sustituting into the desired inequlityD e get n(n + 1)2 (n) . 4 n(n + 1)2 e will show tht the mximl onstnt(n)is ; tht isD to show tht the following 4 inequlity holds
n 2
iai
i=1
n(n + 1)2 4
a2 i.
i=1
e will prove this inequlity y indution on nF por n = 2D e hve
9 1 2 (a1 + 2a2 )2 (a2 1 + a2 ) = (a2 a1 )(7a1 a2 ) 0, 2 2 euse 2a1 a0 + a2 = a2 F oD the inequlity is true for n = 2. xowD ssume tht it holds for n 2, e will show tht it lso holds for n + 1 ine 0 a0 a1 an nd 2ai ai1 + ai+1 for ll i = 1, 2, . . . , n 1, y the indutive hypothesisD e hve
n
a2 i
i=1
4 n(n + 1)2
iai
i=1

n 2
iai + (n + 1)an+1
i=1 n
4 (n + 1)(n + 2) 4 n(n + 1)2
+ a2 n+1 .
iai
i=1
etting
i=1
iai =
n(n + 1) A, A an+1 , the ove inequlity eomes 2 (n + 1) n A + an+1 2

2
(n + 2)2 (nA2 + a2 n+1 ), 4
n (an+1 A)[(3n + 4)A nan+1 ] 0. 4 prom thisD e see tht the inequlity for n + 1 holds if e hve A
or
n
or
n an+1 , 3n + 4 n2 (n + 1) an+1 . 2(3n + 4)
iai
i=1
ine
2ai ai1 + ai+1

for ll i = 1, 2, . . . , n, e n esily dedue tht ai1 nd hene e get
i1 ai for ll i = 2, 3, . . . , n + 1D i
ai1
it follows tht
i1 i1 i i1 n i1 ai ai+1 an+1 = an+1 . i i i+1 i n+1 n+1

n
iai
i=1
an+1 n+1
i(i 1) =
i=1
an+1 n(n2 1) n(n 1) = an+1 . n+1 3 3

IPR
ine
n(n 1) n2 (n + 1) > for n 2D e otin 3 2(3n + 4)

n
iai >
i=1
n2 (n + 1) an+1 , 2(3n + 4)
nd the Solution is ompletedF ITPF vet a, b, c, d e nonnegtive rel numersF rove tht
a4 + 8abcd
abc(a + b + c).
SolutionF
ithout loss of generlityD e my ssume tht d = min{a, b, c, d} rite the inequlity s
a4 abc
a,b,c a,b,c
a + d4 + 8abcd d
a,b,c
ab(a + b) d2
a,b,c
ab 0.
fy the fourth degree hur9s inequlityD e hve
a4 abc
a,b,c a,b,c
a
a,b,c
a(b + c)(b c)2 d

a,b,c
a(b c)2 ,
nd heneD it suffies to show tht
a(b c)2 + d3 + 8abc

a,b,c a,b,c
ab(a + b) d
a,b,c
ab 0,
or
a(2bc bd cd) + d3 bcd 0.

ine
2bc bd cd 0
nd
a d,
e get
a(2bc bd cd) + d3 bcd d(2bc bd cd) + d3 bcd = d(b d)(c d) 0.

he Solution is ompletedF yn the ssumption d = min{a, b, c, d} D equlity holds for a = b = c = d,nd gin fora = b = candd = 0. ITQF vet DD e nonnegtive rel numersD not ll re zeroF rove tht
abc(ab + bc + ca) 2(ab + bc + ca). a2 + b2 + c2 pirst SolutionF fy the ewEqw inequlity nd the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e hve a +b +c +
2 2 2
3abc 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 3 3 abc(ab + bc + ca) 3abc(a + b + c) 3 3abc . = a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + b2 + c2 hereforeD it suffies to prove tht a2 + b2 + c2 + 3abc(a + b + c) 2(ab + bc + ca). a2 + b2 + c2
IPS
sing some simple omputtionsD e n write this inequlity s
a4 + abc
ab(a2 + b2 ),
whih is true euse it is the fourth degree hur9s inequlityF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = cD or a = b nd c = 0D or ny yli permuttionF eond SolutionF e onsider two sesF he first se is when 3 abc(ab + bc + ca) 9abc 3 . 2 2 2 a+b+c a +b +c in this seD e n see immeditely tht the inequlity n e dedued from the third degree hur9s inequlity
a2 + b2 + c2 +
in the seond se
9abc 2(ab + bc + ca). a+b+c 3 abc(ab + bc + ca) , a2 + b2 + c2

4
9abc > 3 a+b+c
e hve
3 3 abc >
(a + b + c)2 (ab + bc + ca)2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 )
(ab + bc + ca)3 . a2 + b2 + c2
ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2 + a2 + b2 + c2
(ab + bc + ca)3 2(ab + bc + ca), a2 + b2 + c2
a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca
fut this is lerly true euse
ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2
3 4
2.
a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca
he Solution is ompletedF ITRF if
ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2
3 4
a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca + 2. ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2
abc0
nd
a + b + c > 0,
then
a+b+c 4(a c)2 (a c)2 3 abc . 4(a + b + c) 3 3(a + b + c)
SolutionF @A e prove tht

a+b+c (a c)2 3 abc . 3 4(a + b + c)
IPT
here re two ses to onsiderF gse IF 2b a + cF fy the ewEqw inequlityD e hve
3
abc
b+
ac + 3
ac
a + c 2 ac (a c)2 , 3 4(a + b + c)
or
4(a + b + c) 3
e hve
a+
. a+ c
2
displaystyle4(a + b + c) 6(a + c) 3
so this inequlity is trueF gse PF
a + c 2b.
etting
x=
e hve
a b c ,y = ,z = andt = xz. a+c a+c a+c x + z = 1, y 1 1 and0 t . 2 4
he inequlity n e written s
1+y 1 4t 3 yt , 3 4(1 + y )
or
t 1+y 1 3 yt + 0. 1+y 3 4(y + 1)
t + 1+y husD it suffies to show tht
y (1 + y ) + 27
y (1 + y ) 3 yt. 27
1+y 1 2 3 4(y + 1)
or
y (1 + y ) 0, 27 y (1 + y ).
3(4y 2 + 8y + 1) 8(y + 1)
his inequlity is true euse
3(4y 2 + 8y + 1)2 64y (1 + y )3 = (1 2y )3 (3 + 2y ) 0.

he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if
a=b=c
@A e prove tht
a+b+c 4(a c)2 3 abc . 3 3(a + b + c)

IPU
3 abc =
3 a2 b2 c2 3 a2 b2 c2 . 3 a+b+c abc
3 (a + b + c)2 9 a2 b2 c2 4(a c)2 .

ine
(a c)2 (a b)2 + (b c)2 ,

e hve
4(a c)2 2(a b)2 + 2(b c)2 + 2(c a)2 ,

nd thusD e see tht the ove inequlity is true if
3 (a + b + c)2 9 a2 b2 c2 2(a b)2 + 2(b c)2 + 2(c a)2 ,

or equivlentlyD
3 a2 + b2 + c2 + 3 a2 b2 c2 2(ab + bc + ca),
whih is true ording to the third degree hur9s inequlity nd the ewEqw inequlity
3 a2 + 3 a2 b2 c2
a2 b2
a2 +
b2 2
ab.
iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c, ora = b nd c = 0. ITSF vet DD e positive rel numersF rove tht
b+c 2 a
1+
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc 4 a(a + b)(a + c)
a . b+c
Solution
F fy the guhyEhwrz inequlity nd the ewEqw inequlityD e hve
2
b+c a =
nd
b+c +2 a b+c +2 a
(a + b)(a + c) bc a + bc bc b+c +4 a a +6 b+c a . b+c
b+c +2 a a b+c
2
a +6 bc a
1 b+c
=3+
4 +
b+c +4 a (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc a(a + b)(a + c)
a +6 b+c 3+ a b+c ,
IPV
whih is in suession equivlent to
b+c (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc 6 a a(a + b)(a + c)
3+
a b+c 3+
, a b+c
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc abc a(a + b)(a + c) a(a + b)(a + c) abc
he lst inequlity is true euse
3+
a . b+c
a(a + b)(a + c) abc >
a(b + c) = +3 abc bc a a(b + c) +3>3+ 4 . (b + c)2 b+c
a2 (b + c) + abc
he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c. ITTF vet efg e given tringleF rove tht for ny positive rel numers xDyDzD the inequlity holds
x sin A y+z
(x + y + z )3 . (x + y )(y + z )(z + x)
SolutionF
etting
u=
ine
x ,v = y+z
y ,w = z+x
z . x+y
sin C = sin(A + B ) = sin A cos B + sin B cos A,

the inequlity n e written s
(u + w cos B ) sin A + w sin B cos A + v sin B

(x + y + z )3 . (x + y )(y + z )(z + x)
(u + w cos B ) sin A + w sin B cos A + v sin B (u + w cos B )2 + w2 sin2 B + v sin B
(1 + v 2 )[(u + w cos B )2 + w2 sin2 B + sin2 B ].
(1 + v 2 )[(u + w cos B )2 + w2 sin2 B + sin2 B ]

ine
(x + y + z )3 . (x + y )(y + z )(z + x)
1 + v2 =
nd
x+y+z z+x
(u + w cos B )2 + w2 sin2 B + sin2 B = u2 + w2 + 2uw cos B + sin2 B,

IPW
u2 + w2 + 2uw cos B + sin2 B

(x + y + z )2 . (x + y )(y + z )
2uw cos B u2 w2 + cos2 B = u2 w2 + 1 sin2 B,

nd thusD e otin
u2 + w2 + 2uw cos B + sin2 B u2 + w2 + u2 w2 + 1 =
(x + y + z )2 . (x + y )(y + z )
he Solution is ompletedF emrkF prom the Solution oveD e n see tht the following more generl sttement holdsX if xDyDz re rel numers nd eDfDg re three ngles of tringleD then
x sin A + y sin B + z sin C

ITUF vet a, b, c e positive rel numersF rove tht
(1 + x2 )(1 + y 2 )(1 + z 2 ).
4a2
a2 + + 5bc
4b2
b2 + + 5ca
4c2
c2 1. + 5ab
SolutionF
por the ske of ontrditionD ssume tht there exist positive rel numers
a, b, c
suh tht
a2 + 4a2 + 5bc
b2 + 4b2 + 5ca b2 , + 5ca
c2 > 1. 4c2 + 5ab c2 . + 5ab
etting
a2 , y= + 5bc 1 it is esy to see tht x, y, z < nd 2 x= 4a2 bc 1 4 x2 = , a2 5x2

hereforeD
4b2
z=
4c2
ca 1 4y 2 = , b2 5y 2
ab 1 4z 2 = . c2 5z 2
(1 4x2 )(1 4y 2 )(1 4z 2 ) = 53 x2 y 2 z 2 .

ine
x, y, z <
nd
1 2
x + y + z > 1,
e hve
(14x2 ) <
[(x+y +z )2 4x2 ] =
(y +z x)
IQH
(3x+y +z )
(y +z x)
53 (x + y + z )3 27
(y +z x)
53 (x + y + z )(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 53 = [2(x2 y 2 +y 2 z 2 +z 2 x2 )(x4 +y 4 +z 4 )](x2 +y 2 +z 2 ). 9 9
it follows tht
[2(x2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 ) (x4 + y 4 + z 4 )](x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) > 9x2 y 2 z 2 ,

or
2(x2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 ) (x4 + y 4 + z 4 ) >

fut it is ler from the third degree hur9s inequlity tht
9x2 y 2 z 2 . x2 + y 2 + z 2
2(x2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 ) (x4 + y 4 + z 4 )
x2
9x2 y 2 z 2 . + y2 + z2
oD wht e hve ssumed is flseF yr in the other wordsD for ny positive rel numers a, b, cD e must hve
a2 b2 c2 + + 1. 2 2 + 5bc 4b + 5ca 4c + 5ab he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if 4a2 a = b = c.

ITVF if
a, b, c, x, y, z
re positive rel numers suh tht
y 2 zxandz 2 xy,
then
b c 3 a + + . ax + by + cz bx + cy + az cx + ay + bz x+y+z
SolutionF rite the inequlity s

1 a x ax + by + cz
or
3 3 , x x+y+z
by + cz 3(y + z ) . ax + by + cz x+y+z

2
by + cz ax + by + cz
(by + cz ) (by + cz )(ax + by + cz )

2
(y + z )2 = (y 2 + z 2 )
a . ab
a2 + (xy + xz + 2yz )
(y + z )(x + y + z ) 3(y 2 + z 2 )
a2 + 2
ab ab,
a2 + 3(xy + xz + 2yz )
IQI
(xy + xz + 2yz 2y 2 2z 2 )
ine
a2
ab 0.
a2
ab,
xy + xz + 2yz 2y 2 2z 2 0.
ithout loss of generlityD ssume tht
y z.
prom
xz y 2 ,
e hve
x
nd hene
y2 , z
y3 + y 2 + 2yz 2y 2 2z 2 z (y z )(y 2 + 2z 2 ) = 0. z he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if xy + xz + 2yz 2y 2 2z 2 x=y=z

or
a = b = c.
ITWF vet DD e positive rel numersF rove tht
ab2 bc2 ca2 a+b+c + + . a2 + 2b2 + c2 b2 + 2c2 + a2 c2 + 2a2 + b2 4 SolutionF fy the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e hve 9 1 16 + 2 2 . a2 + b2 + c2 b a + 2b2 + c2 eording to this inequlityD e get ab2 1 + 2b2 + c2 16 a+ 9ab2 + b2 + c2 .
a2
hereforeD
a2
a2
a + b + c 9(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 ) ab2 + . 2 2 + 2b + c 16 16(a2 + b2 + c2 )
prom thisD e see tht the desired inequlity is true if
3(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 ) (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ).
IQP
fut this inequlity is trueD sine it is equivlent to the ovious one
b(a b)2 + c(b c)2 + a(c a)2 0.

he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if
a = b = c.
emrkF in the sme mnnerD one n lso prove tht
a3
ab3 bc3 ca3 a+b+c + 3 + 3 . 3 3 3 3 + 2b + c b + 2c + a c + 2a3 + b3 4
IUHF vet DD e nonnegtive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3. rove tht
a2 b b2 c c2 a + + 1. 4 bc 4 ca 4 ab
SolutionF
ine the inequlity n e written s
a2 b2 c 4a2 b = a2 b + , 4 bc 4 bc
abc
ab 4 4 bc
a2 b.
sing the illEknown inequlity a2 b + b2 c + c2 a + abc 4, e get
4 (a2 b + b2 c + c2 a) abc,
abc
or equivlentlyD
ab abc, 4 bc
ab bc ca + + 1. 4 bc 4 ca 4 ab ab + bc + ca (a + b + c)2 = 3, 3
ine e get
ab ab 3ab . = 4 4 bc 4ab + bc + 4ca (ab + bc + ca) bc 3 hereforeD it is enough to hek tht x y z 1 + + , 4x + 4y + z 4y + 4z + x 4z + 4x + y 3
where x = ab, y = ca nd z = bcF his is illEknown inequlityF IUIF if DD re positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 1, then
(a + b)2 (1 + 2c)(2a + 3c)(2b + 3c) 54abc.
IQQ
SolutionF
(a + b)2 (1 + 2c) 2 +
3c a
2+
3c b
54c.
fy the guhyEhwrz inequlity nd the ewEqw inequlityD e hve
2+
3c a
2+
3c b
3c 2+ ab
2+
6c a+b
4(1 + 2c)2 . (a + b)2
(1 + 2c)3
27 c, 2
whih is true ording to the ewEqw inequlity
(1 + 2c)3 =
iqulity holds if nd only if
1 1 + + 2c 2 2
27
1 1 27 2c = c. 2 2 2
a=b=
3 8
1 nd c = . IUPF 4 f a, b, c re positive rel numers suh tht ab + bc + ca = 3, then a2 + ab + b2 + ab + 2c2 + 3 b2 + bc + c2 + bc + 2a2 + 3 c2 + ca + a2 3 . 2 ca + 2b + 3 2
SolutionF
efter using the ewEqw inequlityD e see tht it suffies to prove tht the stronger inE equlity holds
8
his is equivlent to
(a2 + ab + b2 )
(ab + 2c2 + 3).
[a2 + b2 + (a + b)2 ]
[ab + c2 + (a + c)(b + c)].
[a2 + b2 + (a + b)2 ][a2 + c2 + (a + c)2 ] [a2 + bc + (a + b)(a + c)]2 .

wultiplying this nd its nlogous inequlitiesD e get the desired inequlityF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c. IUQF vet DD e positive rel numersF rove tht
a2
a2 + 2b2 + + ab + bc
b2
b2 + 2 c 2 + + bc + ca
c2
c2 + 2a2 3. + ca + ab
SolutionF
efter using the ewEqw inequlityD e see tht it suffies to prove tht the stronger inE equlity holds
(a2 + 2b2 )
IQR
(a2 + ab + bc).
(b2 + b2 + a2 )(b2 + c2 + c2 ) (b2 + bc + ca)2 .

wultiplying this nd the two nlogous inequlitiesD e get the desired resultF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c. IURF if DD re positive rel numers suh tht a3 + b3 + c3 + abc = 12then
19(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 6(ab + bc + ca) 36. a+b+c
SolutionF
19
a2 + 6
ab = 8
a2 + 8 12
3
a2 + 3 a2
2
a
2
it follows tht
2 2 2 2 19(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 6(ab + bc + ca) 3 3(a + b + c ) 12 . a+b+c a+b+c
hereforeD it is enough to prove tht
(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 9(a + b + c).

efter homogenizingD this inequlity eomes
4(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 3(a + b + c)(a3 + b3 + c3 + abc),

(b c)2 (b + c 3a)2 0.
iqulity holds if nd only if a = 2b = 2cD or ny yli permuttionF IUSF if DD re positive rel numersD then
a+
b+
c>
32
abc.
SolutionF
ettingA =
a+
b+
c,then it is ler tht A2 > a, A6 > bandA24 > c.
wultiplying these inequlitiesD e get
A32 > abc,

from whih the onlusion followsF IUTF vet DDDd e nonnegtive rel numersD no three of whih re zeroF rove tht
b2
a 4 . 2 2 +c +d a+b+c+d
IQS
SolutionF fy the ewEqw inequlityD e hve

(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 )2 4a2 (b2 + c2 + d2 ).
it follows tht
a(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 )2 4a3 (b2 + c2 + d2 ),

nd hene
a 4a3 . b2 + c2 + d2 (a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 )2
a3 1 , (a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 )2 a+b+c+d
or equivlentlyD
(a3 + b3 + c3 + d3 )(a + b + c + d) (a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 )2 ,

whih is oviously true ording to the guhyEhwrz inequlityF iqulity holds if nd only ifa = b nd c = d = 0D or ny yli permuttionF IUUF if DD re positive rel numersD then
b2 c2 3 a2 + + . 2 2 2 2 2 2 b(a + ab + b ) c(b + bc + c ) a(c + ca + a ) a+b+c
SolutionF
IAfy the guhyEhwrz inequlity nd the ewEqw inequlityD e hve
a2 b(a2 + ab + b2 )
a2 + ab + b2 b
a b
a b
a
or equivlentlyD
a b
a2 + ab + b2 , b
bc ca ab + + a + b + c. a b c his is oviously true ording to the ewEqw inequlityD so our Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c. PA he inequlity is equivlent withX a2 + + ab + b2 a2 (a + c) 3 b(a2 + ab + b2 )
cyc
a2
cyc
i9ll split the inequlity into P prtsF pirst e show thtX
cyc
a2
a2 1 + ab + b2
henote
A = a2 + ab + b2 , B = b2 + bc + c2 andC = c2 + ca + a2 .
IQT
e wnt to prove thtX
a2 b2 c2 + + 10 A B C b2 c2 a2 + + 1 A B C a2 + A2 1 1 1 + + A B C a2 + b2 1 AB B 0
2

whih is oviousF e re left to show thtX
a2 A2
ab 0 AB
a b A B
cyc
a2 (a + c) 2 b(a2 + ab + b2 )
prom guhyEhwrtz inequlity e get thtX
LHS =
cyc 2
a2 (a + c)2 b(a + c)(a2 + ab + b2 )

2
a +
cyc cyc cyc
ab a+
cyc cyc
ab(a2 + ab + b2 ) + 2abc
a3 b
o it9s enough to prove thtX
a4 + b4 + c4 + a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 2(a3 b + b3 c + c3 a) a2 (a b)2 + b2 (b c)2 + c2 (c a)2 0.

he Solution is ompleteF IUVF vet DD e nonnegtive rel numersF rove tht
(a) (b)
a2 + ab + b2
4(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 5(ab + bc + ca); a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca.
a2 + ab + b2 2
SolutionF
@A ithout of generlityD e my ssume tht is etien nd F xowD with notie tht
2
a2 + ab + b2 =
nd
a+
b 2
3b2 , 4
a2 + ac + c2 =
a+
c 2
3c2 , 4
b2 + bc + c2 =
e my pply winkowski9s inequlity to get
b+
c 2
3c2 , 4
a2 + ab + b2
2a +
3b +c 2
3 + (b + 2c)2 . 4
IQU
2a +
3b +c 2
3 + (b + 2c)2 4(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 5(ab + bc + ca). 4
his redues to (a b)(b c) 0, whih is oviously trueF he Solution is ompletedF iqulity if nd only if a = b = cD or b = c = 0D or c = a = 0, or a = b = 0. @A in the nontrivil se when two of DD re nonzeroD e ssume tht a = max{a, b, c}F etting
A=
2a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + ac, B = C= a2 + b2 + c2 , D =
b2 + bc + c2 ,
ab + bc + ca.
a2 + ab + b2 +
a2 + ac + c2
2A.
or equivlentlyD
2A + B 2C + D,
2(A2 2C 2 ) D2 B 2 . D+B A + 2C
ine A2 2C 2 = D2 B 2 = ab + ac b2 c2 0, the lst inequlity is equivlent to 2 1 , D+B A + 2C or his is true euse
A D + B + C. 2
A2 2B 2 = (2a2 b2 c2 ) + (ab + ac 2bc) 0

nd
C 2 D2 = a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca 0.
he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = cD or b = c = 0D or c = a = 0, or a = b = 0. enother Solution of @AF efter squringD the inequlity n e written s
(a2 + ab + b2 )(a2 + ac + c2 ) (a + b + c)2 .

ine
a2 + ab + b2 =
a+
b 2
3b2 c anda2 + ac + c2 = a + 4 2
3c2 4
y the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e get
(a2 + ab + b2 )(a2 + ac + c2 )
a+
b 2
a+
c 3bc + . 2 4
edding this nd its nlogous inequlitiesD e get the desired resultF IUWF IQV
vet DD e positive rel numers suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 1F rove tht
a c b 3 + + . 2 1 + ca 1 + bc 1 + ab
SolutionF
a 1 + bc
a 1 + bc
a
xowD y using the illEknown inequlity
a 1 + bc
9 . 4
(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)
e get
9 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a), 8
a+b+c
9(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) . 8(ab + bc + ca)
prom thisD e see tht the ove inequlity is true if e hve
2(ab + bc + ca) a , 1 + bc (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

or equivlentlyD ine
a 1 + bc
a . (a + b)(a + c)
a a a(b2 + c2 ab ac) ca(c a) ab(a b) = = , (a + b)(a + c) 1 + bc (a + b)(a + c)(1 + bc) (a + b)(a + c)(1 + bc)
this inequlity n e written s follows
ca(c a) (a + b)(a + c)(1 + bc) ab(a b) (b + c)(b + a)(1 + ca)
ab(a b) 0, (a + b)(a + c)(1 + bc) ab(a b) 0, (a + b)(a + c)(1 + bc)
ab(a b)2 (1 c2 ) 0. (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)(1 + bc)(1 + ca)

ine 1 c2 = a2 + b2 > 0, the lst inequlity is oviously trueD nd the Solution is ompletedF 1 iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = .F 3 IVHF if DDDxDyDz re nonnegtive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = x + y + z = 1, then
ax + by + cz + 16abc 1.
SolutionF
ithout loss of generlityD e my ssume tht a = max{a, b, c}F henD e hve ax + by + cz a(x + y + z ) = a = 1 b c 1 2 bc. IQW
or
bc 8abc,
8a bc 1.
his is trueD sine y the ewEqw inequlityD e hve 8a bc 4a(b + c) [a + (b + c)]2 = 1. he Solution is ompletedF yn the ssumption a = max{a, b, c}, equlity holds fora = 1 1 , b = c = , x =I nd y = z = 0D nd gin for a = x = 1 ndb = c = y = z = 0. IVIF 2 4 vet xDyDz e rel numers suh tht 0 x < y z 1 nd 3x + 2y + z 4. pind the mximum vlue of the expression
S = 3x2 + 2y 2 + z 2 . 10 1 e will show tht S with equlity if x = nd y = z = 1F vet us onsider two ses 3 3 1 gse IF 0 < x < .Since0 < y z 1, e hve 3 S 3 1 3
2
SolutionF
+ 2 12 + 1 12 =
10 . 3
1 gse PF x 3 F ine 0 < x y z D e hve 4 3x + 2y + z > 6xD nd hene
1 2 x< . 3 3
eording to this resultD e hve
(3x 1)(3x 2) 0, 2 3x2 3x . 3 gomining this with the ovious inequlities y 2 y, z 2 z, e get 3x2 + 2y 2 + z 2 3x + 2y + z 2 2 10 4 = . 3 3 3
or
he Solution is ompletedF IVQF vet DD e positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove tht
1 1 1 + + 1. 2ab2 + 1 2bc2 + 1 2ca2 + 1

pirst SolutionF fy the guhyEhwrz inequiltyD e hve
1 2ab2 +1
(a + b + c)2 c2 (2ab2 + 1)
(a + b + c)2 a2 + 2abc ab
henD it suffies to prove tht
(a + b + c)2 a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc(ab + bc + ca),

IRH
or
2(ab + bc + ca)(1 abc) 0.

his is true euse y the ewEqw inequlityD F iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 1. eond SolutionF ine 1 2ab2 = 1 , 2ab2 + 1 2ab2 + 1 the inequlity n e written s
bc2 ca2 ab2 + + 2. 2ab2 + 1 2bc2 + 1 2ca2 + 1 xowD y the ewEqw inequlityD e hve 3 ab2 ab2 ab2 a + 2b = . 3 2 2ab + 1 3 9 3 a2 b4 edding this nd its nlogous inequlitiesD e get the desired resultF emrkF etullyD the more generl sttement holdsX vet DD e nonnegtive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3. if 0 k 8D then 1 1 3 1 + + . ab2 + k bc2 + k ca2 + k 1+k
IVSF vet DD e the sideElengths of tringleF rove tht
(b + c a)2 8a2 b2 c2
[2a2 (b c)2 ] (b + c)2 (c + a)2 (a + b)2 .
SolutionF
vet a = y + z, b = z + x nd c = x + y, where xDyDz re positive rel numersF he inequlity eomes
(y 2 + 6yz + z 2 )(z 2 + 6zx + x2 )(x2 + 6xy + y 2 ) (2x + y + z )2 (2y + z + x)2 (2z + x + y )2 8x2 y 2 z 2 , 2 (x + y ) (y + z )2 (z + x)2
or equivlentlyD
(y 2 + 6yz + z 2 )(z 2 + 6zx + x2 )(x2 + 6xy + y 2 ) x2 y 2 z 2 2 2 2 8(2x + y + z ) (2y + z + x) (2z + x + y ) . (x + y )2 (y + z )2 (z + x)2

vet
A=
nd
(y z )2 (z x)2 (x y )2 , B= , C= yz zx xy
X=
(y z )2 ( z x) 2 (x y )2 , Y = , Z= . (x + y )(x + z ) (y + z )(z + x) (z + x)(z + y )
he lst inequlity n e written s
(8 + A)(8 + B )(8 + C ) 8(4 + X )(4 + Y )(4 + Z ),

IRI
or
64
A2
X +8
AB 4
XY
+ (ABC 8XY Z ) 0.
ine 4x2 yz (x + y )(x + z )(y + z )2 , e hve BC 4Y Z nd hene
AB + BC + CA 4XY 4Y Z 4ZX 0.
elsoD sine (x + y )2 (y + z )2 (z + x)2 > 8x2 y 2 z 2 , e hve ABC 8XY Z 0. xowD from these two inequlitiesD e see tht the ove inequlity is true if e hve
A + B + C 2X + 2Y + 2Z.
(y z )2 2 yz
or whih is true euse
(y z )2 , (x + y )(x + z ) x 6, y+z y+z . x
y+z 64 x x y+z
1 1 + y z
he Solution is ompletedF IVTF if DD re positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = abcD then
a2 b2 c2 3 + + (a + b + c). 2 2 2 2 a +1 b +1 c +1
SolutionF
fy rolder9s inequlityD e hve
a2 a2 + 1 hereforeD it suffies to prove tht
a2 + 1 a
(a + b + c)3 .
4(a + b + c) 3
a2 + 1 . a
a+b+c3
or
1 1 1 + + a b c
abc(a + b + c) 3(ab + bc + ca).

fy using the given hypothesisD this inequlity n e written s
(a + b + c)2 3(ab + bc + ca), whih is oviously trueF iquity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 3. IVUF vet DD e nonnegtive rel numersD no two of whih re zeroF rove tht b+c c+a a+b + + 4. 2 2 a + bc b + ca c2 + ab
IRP
SolutionF
fy rolder9s inequlityD e hve
b+c a2 + bc
(b + c)(a2 + bc) 8(a + b + c)3 .
(a + b + c)3 2
(b + c)(a2 + bc).
a3 + 6abc
ab(a + b),
whih is true ording to hur9s inequlityF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b nd c = 0D or ny yli permuttionF IVVF 1 vet a, b, c , 1 F rove thtX 2 3 9 abc (a + b + c)2 . pirst SolutionF he inequlity writtenX
1 9. (a + b + c)2 3 abc sing ewEqw9s inequlity e hveX 3 1 1 2(a + b + c) + (a + b + c)2 3 3 81 abc abc
nd
3
, (1)
3 1 1 1 + + .(2) 3 a b c abc
prom @IA nd @PA e will prove thtX
2(a + b + c) + <=> <=>

ho
1 1 1 + + 9. a b c 1 3 a 0,
2a +
(2a 1)(a 1) 0. a 1 a, b, c 1, 2
so the inequlity is trueF iqulity holds when a = b = c = 1. eond SolutionPF vyq a b c. => 2b a bvc a c. e will prove thtX
a2 b
(a + b)3 . 8
IRQ
<=> (a b)(4ab + b2 a2 ) 0,
it is true y 2b a. e hveX
a2 c
end 1 a > 0, e hve
(a + c)3 . 8
3
e must proveX
3 abc a abc =
(a2 b)(a2 c)
(a + b)(a + c) . 4
9(a + b)(a + c) 4(a + b + c)2 . <=> 5a2 + ab + ac + bc 4b2 4c2 0.

feuse a b cDe hveX
5a2 + ab + ac + bc 4b2 4c2 5b2 + b2 + bc + bc 4b2 4c2 = 2(b c)(b + 2c) 0.

FiFh IVWF if DD re nonnegtive rel numersD then
abc + 1 (abc 1)2 . (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1) (ab + a + 1)(bc + b + 1)(ca + c + 1)
SolutionF vet us onsider two sesX

he first se is when abc 3F in this seD e hve
(ab + a + 1)(bc + b + 1)(ca + c + 1) (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)

nd
abc + 1 (abc 1)2 = abc(3 abc) 0,

so the inequlity holdsF por the seond seD e hve b QF henD y using the estimtion
(ab + a + 1)(bc + b + 1)(ca + c + 1) (ab + a)(bc + b)(ca + c) = abc(a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1),
abc(abc + 1) (abc 1)2 ,

whih is true euse
abc(abc + 1) (abc 1)2 = 3abc 1 > 0.

he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 0. IWHF vet DD e positive rel numersF rove tht
a+b+c
bc ca ab 1 + + + b+c c+a a+b 2

IRR
bc ca ab + + a b c
SolutionF
etting a = yz, b = zx nd c = xy, where xDyDz re some positive rel numersF he inequlE ity eomes
1 2 (x + y 2 + z 2 ) + xyz 2
1 1 1 + + y+z z+x x+y
xy + yz + zx.
1 1 1 9 + + , y+z z+x x+y 2(x + y + z )

x2 + y 2 + z 2 +
9xyz 2(xy + yz + zx), x+y+z
whih is hur9s inequlityD nd the Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c. IWIF if DD re nonnegtive rel numers suh tht ab + bc + ca > 0 nd a2 + b2 + c2 = 3D then
b+c c+a a+b + + 3. a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab
SolutionF
b+c a2 + bc
4(a + b + c)2 (b + c)(a2 + bc)
2(a + b + c)2 ab(a + b)
2(a + b + c)2
or equivlentlyD
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 9
ab(a + b),
2(a + b + c)2
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 27abc 9(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca).
fy hur9s inequlityD e see tht
27abc 3(a + b + c)[2(ab + bc + ca) (a2 + b2 + c2 )],

nd thusD it is enough to hek the following inequlity
2
or
a2 + 3 2
ab
a2 9
ab,
2(a + b + c) 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 3(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca).

his is trueD euse
4(a + b + c)2 (a2 + b2 + c2 ) 3(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)2 = = (a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 + 3ab + 3bc + 3ca) 0.
he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 1. IWPF if DD re positive rel numersD then
a4 b4 c4 abc(a + b + c) + + . 2 2 2 1+a b 1+b c 1+c a abc + 1

IRS
SolutionF fy the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e hve

a4 1 + a2 b
hereforeD it is enough to prove tht
a2 c
a2 c =
c(1 + a2 b)
(a + b + c)(abc + 1)
a2 c
his is equivlent to or
abc(a + b + c)2 .
a2 c abc(a + b + c), b3 + c c3 a + b + c. a
a3 + b fy the ewEqw inequlityD e hve
a3 + b
a3 + b 3a. b
edding this nd its nlogous inequlitiesD the onlusion followsF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c. IWQF vet a, b, c e positive rl numer suh tht aIF rove tht4
b+c+6 c+a+6 a+b+6 + + 8(a + b + c). a b c
SolutionX
xotie tht nd
6 =6 c 8
ab =
c(a + b) + 4
ab
a=2
( a + b) + 4
a.
rene the inequlity written X
(a + b)(c 1)2 4 c
feuse
a4
ab.
a4
ab = 4
a4
ab + 4(abc 1)
= 4(a 1)(b 1)(c 1),

he inequlity eomeX
(a + b)(c 1)2 4(a 1)(b 1)(c 1). c

it is true with (a 1)(b 1)(c 1) 0. gse (a 1)(b 1)(c 1) > 0, sing ewEqw9s inequlityD e will prove the inequlityX
3 3 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)(a 1)2 (b 1)2 (c 1)2 4(a 1)(b 1)(c 1), <=> (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 64 (a 1)(b 1)(c 1). 27
IRT
ho
64 < 3 rene e will proveX 27 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 3(a 1)(b 1)(c 1).
xotieX
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) = <=>

it is treu euseX
a + b
b + 2, a a.
a + b b +3 a
b +3 a ab 2 3
ab + 2 3
b>3
b.
FiFh F he enqulity holds when a = b = c = 1. IWRF vet DD e nonnegtive rel numers stisfying a + b + c = 3F rove tht
ab bc 1 ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) + + + . c+a b+c a+b 2 2 2
SolutionF
vet x = ab + bc + ca nd y = abc. fy rolder9s inequlityD e hve
elsoD
ab b+c
ab(b + c) (ab + bc + ca)3 = x3 .
ab(b + c) = (ab2 + bc2 + ca2 + abc) + 2abc 4 + 2abc = 4 + 2y.

prom these two inequlitiesD e dedue tht
ab b+c
x3 = 2y + 4 2
x2 x(y + 2)
2x2 . 2(x + y + 2)
husD it is suffiient to show tht
4x2 + 2 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a). x+y+2

ine (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) = 3x y D this is equivlent to
4 x2 + 2 3x y, x+y+2
or
4x2 + (x + y + 2) 4x, x+y+2
whih is oviously true ording to the ewEqw inequlityF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 1D or a = 1, b = 2 nd c = 0D or ny yli permuttion thereof IWT vet DD e positive rel numers suh tht abc = 1F rove tht
1 1 1 3 + + . aa (b + c) bb (c + a) cc (a + b) 2
IRU
SolutionF ithout loss of generlityD ssume tht c = min{a, b, c}F prom abc = 1D e get
c 1. husD y fernoulli9s inequlityD e hve 1 = cc 1+ 1 1 c
c
1+c
1 1 c
= 2 c.
yn the other hndD it is known tht xx x for ny positive rel numer xF eording these two inequlitiesD e see tht it suffies to show tht
1 2c 3 1 + + . a(b + c) b(a + c) a + b 2
ine
1 1 bc ac + = + = 2c c2 a(b + c) b(a + c) b+c a+c a

2
1 1 + a+c b+c
nd
ab c 1 1 2 + = 0, a+c b+c ab + c (a + c)(b + c) ab + c b
e get
1 1 2c2 + 2c . a(b + c) b(a + c) ab + c fesidesD it is ler from the ewEqw inequlity tht 2c 2c . a+b 2 ab
2c
etting t =
2c 3 2c2 + . 2 ab + c 2 ab 1 t2 2 1 t2 3 , 2t 2
ab, e get c=
nd the inequlity eom
+ 1 t2 whih is equivlent to the ovious inequlity t+
2 t2
2 t4
(3t4 + 4t3 + t2 + 2t + 1)(t 1)2 0. 2t3 (t3 + 1)

he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 1. IWUF vet D D e positive rel numers suh tht abc = 1F rove tht
1 1 3 1 + + . (a + 1)2 (b + c) (b + 1)2 (c + a) (c + 1)2 (a + b) 8

pirst SolutionF etting a = x2 , b = y 2 andc = z 2 D where xDyDz re positive rel numersF he inequlity eomes
1 1 1 3 + + . (x2 + 1)2 (y 2 + z 2 ) (y 2 + 1)2 (z 2 + x2 ) (z 2 + 1)2 (x2 + y 2 ) 8

IRV
(x2 + 1)(y 2 + z 2 ) xy + z =
nd
1 z2 + 1 +z = , z z 1 y2 + 1 = . y y
(1 + x2 )(y 2 + z 2 ) y + xz = y +
wultiplying these two inequlitiesD e get
(x2 + 1)(y 2 + z 2 )
it follows tht
(y 2 + 1)(z 2 + 1) . yz
1 (x2 + 1)2 (y 2 + z 2 )
yz . (x2 + 1)(y 2 + 1)(z 2 + 1)
(x2 + 1)(y 2 + 1)(z 2 + 1)
8 (xy + yz + zx). 3
sing gin the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e hve
(x2 + 1)(1 + y 2 ) x + y, (y 2 + 1)(1 + z 2 ) y + z, (z 2 + 1)(1 + x2 ) z + x.

wultiplying these three inequlities nd then using the known inequlity
(x + y )(y + z )(z + x)
e get
8 (x + y + z )(xy + yz + zx), 9
(x2 + 1)(y 2 + 1)(z 2 + 1) (x + y )(y + z )(z + x) 8 (x + y + z )(xy + yz + zx). 9 hereforeD it suffies to show tht x + y + z 3,
whih is true ording to the ewEqw inequlityF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 1. eond SolutionF etting a = x3 , b = y 3 nd c = z 3 D e hve
x3 y 3 z 3 xy 3 z 3 1 = 3 = 2 . 2 2 3 3 (a + 1) (b + c) (x + xyz ) (y + z ) (x + yz )2 (y 3 + z 3 )
fy the ewEqw inequlityD e get
(x2 + yz )(y + z ) = y (x2 + z 2 ) + z (x2 + y 2 ) 2

his yields
yz (x2 + y 2 )(x2 + z 2 ).
(x2 + yz )2 (y + z )
4yz (x2 + y 2 )(x2 + z 2 ) . y+z
sing this in omintion with the ovious inequlity 2(y 2 yz + z 2 ) y 2 + z 2 , e get
1 xy 2 z 2 (y + z ) (a + 1)2 (b + c) 4(x2 + y 2 )(x2 + z 2 )(y 2 yz + z 2 ) xy 2 z 2 (y + z ) . 2(x2 + y 2 )(x2 + z 2 )(y 2 + z 2 )

IRW
xy 2 z 2 (y + z ) 3(x2 + y 2 )(y 2 + z 2 )(z 2 + x2 ).
hividing eh side of this inequlity y x2 y 2 z 2 D it eomes
3
or
x y + y x 2+
y z + z y (y z )2 yz
z x 4 + x z 2+
x y + y x
, (x y )2 . xy
3 2+
(x y )2 xy
( z x) 2 24 + 4 zx
xowD using the trivil inequlity
(2 + u)(2 + v )(2 + w) 8 + 4(u + v + w) u, v, w 0,

e get
3 2+
(x y )2 xy
2+
(y z )2 yz
2+
(z x)2 24 + 12 zx 24 + 4
(x y )2 xy (x y )2 , xy
whih ompletes the SolutionF hird SolutionF ine D D bH nd aID there exist some positive rel numers xD yD z suh tht
a=
y x z , b = andc = x z y
efter mking this sustitutionD the inequlity eomes
x2 yz y 2 zx z 2 xy 3 + + . 2 2 2 2 2 2 (x + y ) (xy + z ) (y + z ) (yz + x ) (z + x) (zx + y ) 8

xy + z 2 2z xy,
nd
(x + y )2 2
hereforeD
2xy (x2 + y 2 ). x 2(x2 + y 2 )
x2 yz (x + y )2 (xy + z 2 ) 4
x x2 + y2
y y2 + z2
z2
z 3 , 2 2 +x
whih is just known resultF fourd SolutionX gseIF if ab + bc + ca a + b + c sing ewEqw9s inequlityD e hveX
(1 + a) (b + c) 2 a.2 bc = 4 (1 + b) (c + a) 4; (1 + c) (a + b) 4.
ISH
rene e must proveX
1 1 1 3 + + ab + bc + ca a + b + c 1+a 1+b 1+c 2

it is trueF gsePF if ab + bc + ca a + b + c sing emEqw9s niequlityX
(1 + a) 4a =
1 bc 1 4 , nn .T ngt 2 2 bc 4 (b + c) (1 + a) (b + c) (1 + b) (c + a) ca 1 ab ; . 2 4 (c + a) (1 + c) (a + b) 4 (a + b)
o e must prove X
ab bc ca 3 2 + + (ab + bc + ca) + abc (a + b + c) a+b b+c c+a 2 3 3 3 3 2 (a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca) abc (a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca) (ab + bc + ca) +a+b+c+ 2 2 2 2 feuseab + bc + ca a + b + co (a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca) (ab + bc + ca) ; (1) 1 3 (a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca (a + b + c) . a2 b2 c2 = a + b + c; (2) 3 1 1 3 (a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca) .9abc = (3) 6 6 2 prom @IA DWPA nd @QA e hve FiFh F emrkF he Solutions of this prolem gives us vrious Solutions of the previous prolemD euse e hve 4xx (x + 1)2 for ny x > 0. IWVF vet DD e positive rel numersF rove tht 4(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 3 ab + bc + ca a + 2b 13. a2 + 2b2
2
SolutionF henote
a + 2b b + 2c c + 2a + + . 2 2 2 2 a + 2b b + 2c c2 + 2a2 fy the ewEqw inequlity nd the guhyEhwrz inequlityD e hve P = P = 3 (a + 2b)2 (a + 2b) 3(a2 + 2b2 ) 2 2 3 (a + 2b) 9 3 a = [(a + 2b)2 + 3(a2 + 2b2 )] 7 a2 + 2 2 3 (a + 2b)2 (a + 2b)2 + 3(a2 + 2b2 )
2
. ab
4(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 27(a + b + c)2 + 13, 2 2 ab + bc + ca 7(a + b + c2 ) + 2(ab + bc + ca)

28(a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca)2 0. (ab + bc + ca)[7(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 2(ab + bc + ca)]

ISI
iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c. IWWF if DD re positive rel numersD then
a b c 9(a2 + b2 + c2 ) . + + b c a (a + b + c)2
SolutionF
fy pplying the known inequlity
(x + y + z )3
forx =
27 2 (x y + y 2 z + z 2 x + xyz ) x, y, z 0 4
a b c , y = andz = D e get b c a a b c + + b c a
3
27 4
a2 b2 c2 + + +1 bc ca ab
27 4
a3 + b3 + c3 +1 . abc
108(a2 + b2 + c2 )3 a3 + b3 + c3 +1 , abc (a + b + c)6

or
108(a2 + b2 + c2 )3 (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca) +4 . abc (a + b + c)6
sing now the ovious inequlity 3abc(a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca)2 D e hve
3(a + b + c)2 3(a + b + c)2 a+b+c = , abc 3abc(a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca)2

nd heneD it is enough to hek tht
3(a + b + c)2 (a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca) 108(a2 + b2 + c2 )3 +4 . 2 (ab + bc + ca) (a + b + c)6

etting t =
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) , 1 t < 3. he ove inequlity is equivlent to (a + b + c)2 54(t 1) + 4 4t3 , (3 t)2
or
(t 1)(9 6t 8t2 + 10t3 2t4 ) 0.

fut this is true euse
9 6t 8t2 + 10t3 2t4 = 2(3 + 3t t2 )(t 1)2 + 3 > 0.

he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c. PHHF vet DD e nonEnegtive rel numersD prove thtX
(a + b) (b + c) (c + a) a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca (ab + bc + ca) + 10a2 b2 c2
Solution etting
ab (a + b) = S D abc = T, so S 6T ndX (a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca) = S + 3T (a + b) (b + c) (c + a) = S + 2T

ISP
he inequlity is equilvlent toX
(S + 3T )2 (S + 2T )2 + 10T 2 (a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca) a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca (ab + bc + ca) T (2S + 5T ) + 10T 2 (ab + bc + ca)

prom illEknown inequlity
3 2 2 2
(ab + bc + ca) 3abc (a + b + c)

De hveX
(ab + bc + ca) 3T (a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca) = 3T (S + 3T )

hereforeD it suffies to prove thtX
T (2S + 5T ) + 10T 2 3T (S + 3T ) 6T S
whih is trueF he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds for a = b = cD ora = b = 0, c 0 PHIF vet DD e nonEnegtive rel numersD prove thtX
(a + b) (b + c) (c + a) 4 a2 + bc
b2 + ca
c2 + ac + 32a2 b2 c2
SolutionX
ithout loss of generlityD e my ssume tht is etien nd D or(a c)(a b) 0. prom ewEqw inequlityD e hve
(b + c) (a + b) (c + a) = (b + c) a2 + bc + ab + ac
hereforeD it suffies to prove thtX
4(b + c)
a2 + bc a (b + c)
a(b + c)
a2 + bc a2 + bc
b2 + ca
c2 + ac + 8a2 b2 c2
hih is equilvlent toX
a2 + bc
a(b + c) b2 + ca
c2 + ac
8a2 b2 c2
a2 + bc
3abc (b + c) b2 c2 a2 bc 8a2 b2 c2
a2 + bc (b a) (a c) + 2 a2 + bc a (b + c) 8a2 bc
e hveD from ewEqw inequlity nd the ssumptionX
a2 + bc (b a) (a c) 02 a2 + bc a (b + c) 8 a2 bc.a. bc = 8a2 bc
he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds for a = b = c, or c = 0, a = b. PHPF vet DD e positive rel numer suh tht
16(a + b + c)
1 1 1 + + a b c
ISQ
F rove thtX
1
3
+ b+c+
1
3
+ c+a+
1
3
a+b+
2(a + c)
2(b + a)
2(c + b)
8 9
SolutionX
sing ewEqw9s inequlity
a+b+ =>
a+c + 2 1
a+c 3 (a + b)(a + c) 3. 2 2
3
a+b+
nd
2(a + c)
2 27(a + b)(a + c)
1
3
a+b+
nd e hve
2(a + c)
4(a + b + c) 27(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
so
8 (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) 9
3
1 a+b+ 2(a + c)
1 6(ab + bc + ca)
using tht inequlity esyX (ab + bc + ca)2 3abc(a + b + c),e hve
16(a + b + c)
1 1 1 3(a + b + c) + + a b c ab + bc + ca 3 16
3
=> ab + bc + ca => a+b+

inqulity hold a = b = c = 1/4 PHQF vet DD e positive rel numer F prove thtX
1 2(a + c)
8 9
a b c + + b c a
2a + b+c
2b + c+a
2c (a + b + c)2 2 a+b a + b2 + c2
SolutionX
e will prove thtX
a b c + + b c a
sing guhyEhwrz9s inequlity
2a + b+c
2b + c+a
2c a+b
2a b+c
o e will prove
(a + b + c)
2a b+c
2a +6 b+c
c a b + + b c a
2a 2b 2c + + +6 b+c c+a a+b

ISR
sing inequlities
b2 b2 a b a2 c + + + + b2 c2 c2 b c a a b c 3 + + b+c c+a a+b 2 1 1 4 + a b a+b a b c + + 3 c a b a b c + + b c a a

2
rene e hve
a2 b2 c2 + + +2 b2 c2 a2 1 1 + c a +c
a b c + + c a b 1 1 + a b +3
1 1 + b c
+b
4a 2a 2b 2c +3 + + +6 b+c b+c c+a a+b 2a + b+c 2b + c+a 2c (a + b + c)2 2 a+b a + b2 + c2
end
fy emEqw9s inequlity
2a 2a 4a = b+c 2 a + b+c 2a b + c
o
2a b+c
4a 4b 4c + + 2a + b + c 2b + c + a 2c + a + c
nd y guhyEhwrz9s inequlityX
a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca
e hve
a = 2a + b + c
o
2a2
(a + b + c)2 (a + b + c)2 a2 2 2 2 + ab + ac 2(a + b + c + ab + bc + ca) 4(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 2b + c+a 2c (a + b + c)2 2 a+b a + b2 + c2
2a + b+c
FiFh inqulity holds a = b = c PHRF if a, b, c re ngles of n ute tringleD prove tht
ab bc ca (a2 + b2 + c2 ) .
SolutionX
he funtionf (x) = ln x is stritly onveD so from the generl iighted tensen inequlity with iights the b ln a + c ln b + a ln c ab + bc + ca b ln a + c ln b + a ln c a, b, c e hve tht ln ,or a+b+c a+b+c
ISS
ln
ab + bc + ca
. futD the lst reltion n e rewritten s X ab + bc + ca , thatis ln ab bc ca

1/
1 ln(ab bc ca ) ln
ln
ab + bc + ca
emoving the logrithm e get
ab bc ca
1/
ab + bc + ca = ab bc ca (ab + bc + ca) (a2 + b2 + c2 ) , Q.E.D.
PHSF if it holds tht
(sin x + cos x) 8(sinn x + cosn x),

then find the vlue ofX
(n + k )max .
Ist SolutionX prom the oirEwen inequlity e hve tht
n
sinn x + cosn x 2
sin2 x + cos2 x = sinn x + cosn x 2 2
2 2
oD multiplying y
8W ehavethat8 (sin x + cos x) 16

king now in hnd the left hnd sideD e know tht
2 2
sin x + cos x
oD e know tht
2 = (sin x + cos x)
16
2 2
hoing the mnipultions on oth sides e get tht
n + k 8, hence(n + k )max = 8, Q.E.D.

Pnd Solution @en ide y o uo f gnAX he inequlity is symmetri on sin x, cos xF oD e only need to find the mximum of those two onstnts for the vlues of whih sin x = cos x,tht is
x=
oD plugging on the ove inequlity the vlue
. 4 4
x=
e get the desired mximum resultD FiFh F PHTF if x, y, z > 0 prove tht
x2 + xy + y 2 +
y 2 + yz + z 2 +
IST
z 2 + zx + x2 3 xy + yz + zx.
SolutionX
prom the illEknown lemm
4(a2 + ab + b2 ) 3(a + b)2 W ededucethat : 2 a2 + ab + b2
3(a + b).
hoing tht yli for x, y, z nd dding up the 3 reltions e get tht 2 x2 + xy + y 2 3 2 x = x2 + xy + y 2 3

cyc cyc cyc
x.
oD it is enough to prove tht
3
cyc
x 3 xy + yz + zx.
quring oth sides e ome to the onlusion

2
x
cyc
3
cyc
xy,
FiFh F PHUF veta, b, e positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3. rove tht
(a + 2b + c)2 (a + b + 2c)2 (2a + b + c)2 + c + a 8. 2a2 + (b + c)2 2b2 + (c + a)2 2c2 + (a + b)2
SolutionX
prom the hypothesisD the inequlity is of the form
2a2
(b + 3)2 (c + 3)2 (a + 3)2 +c 2 +a 2 8. 2 2 + (3 a) 2b + (3 b) 2c + (3 c)2
if e expnd the nomintors nd the denomintorsD then e get tht
a2 + 6a + 9 b2 + 6 b + 9 c2 + 6c + 9 + c + a 8. 3a2 6a + 9 3b2 6b + 9 3c2 6c + 9 xow let us use one gin the guhyEeverse tehniqueF b a2 + 6a + 9 1 3a2 + 18a + 27 1 (3a2 6a + 9) + (24a + 18) = = . 2 2 3a 6a + 9 3 3a 6a + 9 3 3a2 6a + 9 husD e hve 24a + 18 1 1+ 2 . 3 3a 6a + 9
woreoverD
3a2 6a + 9 = 3(a 1)2 + 6 6 =

oD
1 1 . 3a2 6a + 9 6 .
1 24a + 18 1+ 2 3 3a 6a + 9
wultiplying y
1 24a + 18 1+ 3 6
bW eacquireb
1 24a + 18 1+ 2 3 3a 6a + 9
1 24a + 18 1+ 3 6
=b
1 8a + 6 + 3 6
xowD if e sum up the 3 inequlities it remins to prove tht
LHS
cyc
1 8a + 6 + 3 6
1 3
b+
cyc
8 6
ab +
cyc cyc
b 8,
ISU
ab 3,
cyc
FiFh F PHVF if a, b, c re positive rel numers suh tht abc = 1D then prove tht
a b3 + c3 b c3 + a3 3 c a3 + b3 + 2 + 2 . a2 + b2 b + c2 c + a2 2
SolutionX
prom the guhyEhwrz inequlity e dedue tht
(a3 + b3 )(a + b) (a2 + b2 )2

emoving the squre e get tht
a3 + b3
hen e hve
a + b (a2 + b2 ).Letusnowdividebya2 + b2 . 1 a3 + b3 . a2 + b2 a+b
woreoverD multiply y c. iD thusD quire
c a3 + b3 c . 2 2 a +b a+b
oDe hve proved tht
a b3 + c3 b c3 + a3 c b c a 3 + b3 a + 2 + 2 + . + a2 + b2 b + c2 c + a2 c + a a+b b+c
e will now pply rolder9s inequlityD tht is
c b a + + c+a a+b b+c
[c(a + b) + b(c + a) + a(b + c)] (a + b + c) , or (LHS )
(a + b + c)3 . 2(ab + bc + ca)
ewrite the sum
(a + b + c)3 as(a + b + c)2 (a + b + c).

hen e get thtX
(a + b + c)3 (a + b + c)2 (a + b + c) 3(ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c) 3(a + b + c) = = . 2(ab + bc + ca) 2(ab + bc + ca) 2(ab + bc + ca) 2
end finllyD from the ewEqw inequlity e hve
3(a + b + c) 3 3 3 abc 9 = 2 2 2
oD e hve proved tht
9 3 = LHS 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 c a +b a b +c b c + a3 3 = + + , a2 + b2 b2 + c2 c2 + a2 2 (LHS )
2
ISV
FiFh F PHWF if a, b, c re positive rel numers stisfying the equlity abc = 1D then prove tht
a3 b3 3 c3 + . + c+a b+c a+b 2
SolutionX
ithout loss of generlityD ssume tht a b c. ine 2 2 2 1 1 1 a 3 b 3 c 3 and , c+a b+c a+b using gheyshev9s inequlity e getX
2 2 2 c3 b3 1 a3 a3 + b3 + c3 + + 3 c + a b+c a+b 2 2 2
1 1 1 + + c + a b+c a+b
woreoverD prom the ewEqw inequlity e hve tht

2 2 2 1 a3 + b3 + c3 3
1 1 1 + + c+a b+c a+b
a3 + b3 + c3
6
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
2 a3 + b3 + c3
9 3 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a).
et a = x3 , b = y 3 , c = z 3 . he ove inequlity n e written now s
2(x2 +y 2 +z 2 )2 9 3 (x3 + y 3 )(y 3 + z 3 )(z 3 + x3 ), or2(x2 +y 2 +z 2 )2 9 3 xyz (x3 + y 3 )(y 3 + z 3 )(z 3 + x3 ).

prom the ewEqw inequlity one ginD e quire tht
3
xyz (x3 + y 3 )(y 3 + z 3 )(z 3 + x3 )
x(y 3 + z 3 ) + y (z 3 + x3 ) + z (x3 + y 3 ) . 3
end thusD it is enough to hek tht
2(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )2 3 x(y 3 + z 3 ) + y (z 3 + x3 ) + z (x3 + y 3 ) ,

(x2 xy + y 2 )(x y )2 + (y 2 yz + z 2 )((y z )2 + (z 2 zx + x2 )(z x)2 0,

FiFh F PIHF vet a, b, c e positive rel numersF rove tht
1+
8abc 2(ab + bc + ca) . (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) a2 + b2 + c2
Solution @en ide y ilounos frzitikosAX

prom the ove inequlity is it enough to show tht
8abc 2(ab + bc + ca) a2 + b2 + c2 . (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) a2 + b2 + c2

ISW
fut from hur9s inequlity e know tht
2(ab+bc+ca)a2 b2 c2
9abc .Soitisenoughtocheckthat8(a2 +b2 +c2 )(a+b+c) 9(a+b)(b+c)(c+a). a+b+c prom guhyEhwrz inequlity e know tht 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (a + b + c)2 .
herefore e only need to prove tht
a+b+b+c+c+a 3
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a),
whih is oviously true from ewEqw inequlityD FiFh F PIIF if xi for i = 1, 2, ..., n re positive rel numers then prove thtX
n
5
5
x3 i 3
i=1
3xi + 2 5
2n
Solution@en ide y o uo f gnAX

e only need to prove tht
5 3 5 a3 3
3a + 2 5
for ll a > 0. oD using the ewEqw inequlity e hve tht
5 a + a + a + 1 + 1 5 a3 .
it follows tht
5 5 3a + 2 5 3 a3 = a. 5 5 herefore it suffies to prove tht 5 a3 2 3a, whih is oviously true from the ewEqw inequlityD FiFh F PIPF vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 1. rove tht (1 a)(1 b)(1 c)(1 d) abcd
3
Ist SolutionX e divide the inequlity with a, b, c, d. hen e get tht 1a 1b 1c 1d 1. a b c d vet 1a 1b 1c 1d x= ,y = ,z = ,w = . a b c d ITH
e need to prove tht xyzw 1. fut from the hypothesis e get tht
1=
cyc
1 . (1 + x)2
prom tensen9s inequlity e get tht
1=
cyc
1 1 1 + . (1 + x)2 1 + xy 1 + zw
efter some lultionsD e get the desired resultD tht is xyzw 1. Pnd SolutionX prom ewEqw inequlity e get tht
c2 + d2 2cd = 1 a2 b2 2cd.
end hene
2(1 a)(1 b) 2cd 2(1 a)(1 b) 1 + a2 + b2 = (1 a b)2 0

imilrly e n prove tht (1 c)(1 d) ab. o e prooved tht (1 a)(1 b) cd. imilrly e n prove tht (1 c)(1 d) ab. wultiplying these inequlities the desired inequlity followsD FiFh F PIQF vet a, b, c e nonEnegtive numersD no two of them re zeroF rove tht
a2
Ist SolutionX vet
a2 b2 c2 + 2 + 2 1. 2 2 + ab + b b + bc + c c + ca + a2
A = a2 + ab + b2 , B = b2 + bc + c2 , C = c2 + ca + a2 .
e hve
1 1 1 + + A B C
a2 b2 c2 + + 1 A B C 1 2
=
cyc 2
a2 + A2
cyc
b2 + c2 BC
cyc
1 A
cyc
b c B C
from whih the desired inequlity followsF iqulity ours if nd only if a = b = c. Pnd SolutionX hivide eh frtion with a2 , b2 , c2 respetivelyF hen e get tht
1
cyc
1+
b a
b 2 a
1.
vet us denote
b c a = x, = y, = z. a b c
ITI
hen the inequlity trnsforms to
cyc
1 1. x2 + x + 1
vet us now use the trnsformtion
x=
whih mkes the inequlity to
uv vw wu ,y = 2 ,z = 2 w2 u v
cyc
u4 1. u4 + v 2 w2 + u2 vw
prom guhy9s inequlity nowD e get tht
cyc
u4 u4 + v 2 w2 + u2 vw
cyc 4 cyc (u
u2
+ u2 v 2 ) + uvw
cyc
oD e only need to prove tht

cyc 4 cyc (u
u2
+ u2 v 2 ) + uvw
cyc
1
cyc
u4 uvw
cyc
u,
whih is oviously trueF iqulity holds only for a = b = cD FiFh F PIRF if a, b, c re nonEnegtive numersD prove tht
3(a2 a + 1)(b2 b + 1)(c2 c + 1) 1 + abc + a2 b2 c2 .
SolutionX
prom the identity
2(a2 a + 1)(b2 b + 1) = 1 + a2 b2 + (a b)2 + (1 a)2 (1 b)2

follows the inequlity 2(a2 a + 1)(b2 b + 1) 1 + a2 b2 . husD e only need to prove tht
3(1 + a2 b2 )(c2 c + 1) 2(1 + abc + a2 b2 c2 )

whih is equivlent to the qudrti in c eqution
(3 + a2 b2 )c2 (3 + 2ab + 3a2 b2 )c + 1 + 3a2 b2 0,

whih is true sine the disriminnt D is equl to
D = 3(1 ab)4 0.
iqulity ours for a = b = c = 1D FiFh
ITP
F PISF rove tht for ny rel numers a1 , a2 , ..., an the following inequlity holdsX
n 2
ai
i=1
ij ai aj . i + j1 i,j =1
SolutionX
yserve tht
ij ai aj = iai jaj i + j1 i,j =1 i,j =1

fut
ti+j 2 dt.
0
ij ai aj i + j1 i,j =1
n e onsidered s onstntF oD
n 1 1
iai jaj ti1+j 1 dt.
iai jaj
i,j =1 0
ti+j 2 dt =
0
i,j =1
xotie now tht

1 0
iai jaj t
i1+j 1
dt =
0 i=1
iai t
i1
dt.
i,j =1
oD the inequlity redues to

1 0 n 2 n 2
iai t
i=1
i1
dt
i=1
ai
xowD using guhyEhwrtz inequlity for integrlsD e get tht

1 0 n 2 1 n 2
iai t
i=1
i1
dt
0 i=1
iai t
i1
dt
futD e must now oserve tht

1 0 n 2 n 2
iai ti1
i=1
dt
=
i=1
ai
whih omes to the onlusionD FiFh F PITF vet x, y, z, t e positive rel numer suh tht max(x, y, z, t) min 5min(x, y, z, t)F rove thtX
5x2
xy yz 5z 2 t2 zt + 2 + 1 2 2 2 y 5y z + 5 t x2
SolutionX
prom max(x, y, z, t) min 5min(x, y, z, t) e hve 5x2 y 2 , 5y 2 z 2 , 5z 2 t2 , 5t2 x2 0. etting x y z t a = ,b = ,c = ,d = y z t x

ITQ
e hve daIF he inequlity n rewriteX
5a2
e hveX
a b c d + 2 + 2 + 2 1. 1 5b 1 5c 1 5d 1
a 1 (a 1)2 (a2 + 3a + 1) < = > 0(true) 5a2 1 a3 + a2 + a + 1 (5a2 1)(a3 + a2 + a + 1)

e will prove thtX
1 1 1 1 + + + 1. 2 2 2 (1 + a)(1 + a ) (1 + b)(1 + b ) (1 + c)(1 + c ) (1 + d)(1 + d2 )

ithout loss of generlity ssume tht a b c d. hen from gheyshev9s inequlity e hve tht
1 1 1 1 + + (1 + a)(1 + a2 ) (1 + b)(1 + b2 ) (1 + c)(1 + c2 ) 3
1 1 1 + + 1+a 1+b 1+c
1 1 1 + + 1 + a2 1 + b2 1 + c2
PIUF ositive rel numers a, b, x1 , x2 , ..., xn stisfy the ondition x1 + x2 + ... + xn = 1. rove tht x3 x3 x3 1 n 1 2 . + + ... + ax1 + bx2 ax2 + bx3 axn + bx1 n(a + b)
SolutionX
prom rolder9s inequlity e hve thtX
n
(1 + 1 + ... + 1)
i=1
x3 1 axi + bxi+1
(axi + bxi+1 )
i=1 i=1
xi
= 1.
oD it remins to prove
n
i=1
x3 i axi + bxi+1 n
n
n i=1
1 1 . n(a + b) axi + bxi+1
fut
axi + bxi+1 = a + b,
i=1
FiFh F PIVF if a1 , a2 , a3 re the positive rel roots of the eqution 4x3 kx2 + mx 9 = 0 prove tht
k43
cyc
a1 a2 + a3 + 3
cyc
(a1 + a2 ).
SolutionX
vet us divide oth sides y 4 nd then ue themF e quire 3 k a1 a2 + a3 + 3 (a1 + a2 ). 4 cyc cyc
ITR
fut from iete9s reltions e hve tht
9 k = a1 + a2 + a3 anda1 a2 a3 = . 4 4
o our inequlity trnsforms into
(a1 + a2 + a3 )3
cyc
a1 a2 + a3 + 3
cyc
(a1 + a2 ),
or
a3 1+3
cyc cyc
(a1 + a2 )
cyc
a1 a2 + a3 + 3
cyc
(a1 + a2 ).
a3 1
cyc cyc
a1 a2 + a3 .
fut the lst inequlity holds euse

3 3 3 a3 1 + a2 + a3 a1 a2 (a1 + a2 ) + a3 2
a1 a2 a3 a2 3 (a1 + a2 ) = 3a3 a1 + a2 .
edding up the 3 yli reltions e ome to the desired inequlityD FiFh F PIWF if a, b, c re nonEnegtive numers prove tht
(a2 + ab + b2 )(b2 + bc + c2 )(c2 + ca + a2 ) (ab + bc + ca)3 .
SolutionX
vemmX 4(a2 + ab + b2 ) 3(a + b)2 . fk to the inequlity nowD multiply oth sides y 64. hen e hve tht 43 (a2 + ab + b2 ) 43 (ab + bc + ca)3 . fut from the lemm e redue the urrent inequlity to
cyc
27
cyc
(a + b)2 64(ab + bc + ca)3 .
it lso holds
(a + b + c)2 3(ab + bc + ca).

wultiplying the lst inequlity with
64 (ab + bc + ca)2 3 64 (ab + bc + ca)2 (a + b + c)2 64(ab + bc + ca)3 . 3 oD it suffies to prove tht 27
cyc
e get tht
(a + b)2
64 (a + b + c)2 (ab + bc + ca)2 3
or
displaystyle9(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca),

ITS
a(b c)2 + b(c a)2 + c(a b)2 0.

iqulity ours for (a, b, c) = (1, 1, 1) nd lso for (a, b, c) = (1, 0, 0) or ny yli permutE tionD FiFh F PPHF vet x, y, z e nonEnegtive numersF if 0 r 2,prove tht
x4 + y 4 + z 4 + r
x2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 (1 + r) x3 y + y 3 z + z 3 x.
SolutionX
if e squre oth sides e get
x4 + r 2
cyc cyc
x2 y 2 + 2 r
cyc
x4
cyc
x2 y 2 r 2
cyc
x3 y +
cyc
x3 y + 2 r
cyc
x3 y.
xow from guhyEhwrtz inequlity e know tht
2r
cyc
x4
cyc
x2 y 2 2r
cyc
x3 y.
x4 + r 2
cyc cyc
x2 y 2 (1 + r2 )
cyc
x3 y.
por r = 0 the inequlity is trueF oD e only need to prove it for 0 < r 2. ewrite the inequlity in the form
x4
cyc cyc
x3 y r 2
cyc
x3 y
cyc
x2 y 2
e know tht por r =
x4
cyc cyc
x3 y 0 soD it is enough to prove it for r =
2.
2 e hve tht x4
cyc cyc
x3 y 2
cyc
x3 y
cyc
x2 y 2
whih redues to
x
cyc
3
cyc
x3 y,
whih is ill known inequlity of sile girtojeF if a, b, c re rel numers prove tht (a2 + b2 + c2 )2 3(a3 b + b3 c + c3 a). Solution of itF e re going to use the following illEknown inequlityX (x + y + z )2 3(xy + yz + zx). oD if e trnsform the x, y, z to
a2 + bc ab, b2 + ca bc, c2 + ab ca
ITT
respetively e hve tht
a2 + b2 + c2
3
cyc
(a2 + bc ab)(b2 + ca bc) = 3

cyc
a3 b = 3(a3 b + b3 c + c3 a),
FiFh F PPIF vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht ab + bc + ca = 3. rove tht
1 1 3 1 + + , (a + kb)3 (b + kc)3 (c + ka)3 (k + 1)3

where k is nonEnegtive rel numerF SolutionX prom rolder9s inequlity e get tht
cyc
1 (a + kb)3
a(b + kc)
cyc
cyc 4
3 4
or
cyc
1 . (a + kb)3 (k + 1)3 (ab + bc + ca)3
a4 + b4 + c4
a4 + b4 + c4 (k + 1)3 (ab + bc + ca)3
3 . (k + 1)3
fut the lst reltion is equivlent to

4
a
cyc
3 4
81 = 9 3(ab + bc + ca)3/2 .
vet us denote y
x, y, zthea3/4 , b3/4 , c3/4

respetivelyF hen
ab = (xy )4/3 , bc = (yz )4/3 , ca = (zx)4/3 .

oD our inequlity tkes the form
(x + y + z )4 9 3
cyc
(xy )4/3 .
his inequlity is homogeneous soD e onsider the sumx + y + z equl to 3. hoing some mnipultions in left nd right hnd side e only need to prove tht
cyc
(xy )4/3
3. xow from the ewEqw inequlity e hve tht xy (xy )1/3

cyc cyc
xy
x+y+1 = 3
xy
cyc
4z . 3
he lst one is equl to
(xy )4/3
cyc
4 3
xy xyz.
cyc
ITU
efter thtD e only need to prove
4 3
xy xyz 3 = 4
cyc cyc
x
cyc
xy 27 + 9xyz =
cyc
+ 9xyz,
whih is hur9s Qrd degree inequlityD FiFh F PPPF vet x, y, z e nonEnegtive rel numersF rove tht
1 1 9 1 + + . (x + y )2 (y + z )2 (z + x)2 4(xy + yz + zx)

Ist SolutionX he inequlity is homogeneousD soD if e normlize it e get tht xy + yz + zx = 1. hoing some mnipultion in the left hnd side e quireX
4
cyc
(x + y )2 (x + z )2 9(x + y )2 (y + z )2 (z + x)2 = 4
cyc
(x2 + 1)2 9 (x + y + z xyz ) .
vet us denote y sthex + y + z. hen e hve thtX
4
cyc
(x2 + 1)2 9 (x + y + z xyz ) = 4

cyc
x4 + 8
cyc
x2 + 12 9(x + y + z xyz )2 .
fut s = x + y + z, soX
cyc
x2 = s2 2
cyc
x = s4 4s2 + 2 + 4xyzs.
hus the previous inequlity n e rewritten s
4(s4 2s2 + 1 + 4xyzs) 9(s xyz )2 .

xowD from hur9s inequlity e know tht
x4 + xyz
cyc cyc
x
cyc
xy (x2 + y 2 ) = 6xyzs (4 s2 )(s2 1).
oD e ome to the onlusionX
4(s4 2s2 +1+4xyzs)9(sxyz )2 = (s2 4)(4s2 1)+34xyz 9x2 y 2 z 2 (s2 4)(4s2 1)+33xyz (s2 4)(4s2 1)+
Pnd SolutionX hoing ll the mnipultions in the left nd in the right hnd side e only need to prove tht
4
sym
x5 y +
sym
x4 yz + 3
sym
x2 y 2 z 2 3
sym
x3 y 3 2
sym
x3 y 2 z
sym
x4 y 2 0.
fut the lst one holds euse it is equivlent toX
3
sym
x5 y
sym
x3 y 3
+
sym
x5 y
sym
x4 y 2
+ 2xyz
cyc
x(x y )(x z ) 0,
ITV
whose 2 first terms hold from wuirhed9s inequlity nd the lst one from hur9s inequlityF Qnd SolutionX vet a = x + y, b = y + z, c = z + x. hen the inequlity tkes the following formX
a2 b2 c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
1 1 1 + 2+ 2 2 a b c
9.
hoing the mnipultions in the left hnd side e get tht
cyc
2a 2b + 4 b a
cyc
b2 2ab a2 + 2 2 2 c c c
0.
hus e otin tht

cyc
2 1 (a b)2 2 (a b)2 0. ab c 2 1 ab c2
prom here e otin tht

cyc
(b c)2 0.
vet us denote y Sa the
2 1 bc a2
nd the Sb , Sc similrlyF ithout loss of generlity ssume tht a b c. prom here e hve tht Sa 0Sa Sb Sc . pro the end of our Solution e only need to show tht
b2 Sb + c2 Sc 0,
whih redues to
b3 + c3 abc = b + c a,
FiFh F PPQF vet x, y, z e positive rel numers suh tht xyz = 8. rove tht
x2 ( x3 + 1)(y 3 + 1)
y2 (y 3 + 1)(z 3 + 1)
z2 (z 3 + 1)(x3 + 1)
4 . 3
SolutionX
prom the ewEqw ineuqlity e know tht
1 x3 +1
1 (x + 1)(x2 x + 1)
2 2 = 2 . 2 (x + 1) + (x x + 1) x +2
hoing tht yli over the 3 frtions e get tht
x2
cyc
(x3 + 1)(y 3 + 1)
(x2
4x2 . + 2)(y 2 + 2)
4x2 4 , (x2 + 2)(y 2 + 2) 3

ITW
or
3
cyc
x2 (z 2 + 2)
cyc
(x2 + 2).
efter expndingD the inequlity is equivlent to
2
cyc
x2 +
cyc
x2 y 2 72.
fut the lst reltion holds due to the ewEqw inequlity nd from the hypothesisD sine 3 3 x2 y 2 3 84 = 482 x2 6 82 = 24.
cyc cyc
edding up these 2 reltions e get the desired resultD FiFh F PPRF por ll nonEnegtive rel numers a, b, c with sum 2, prove tht
(a2 + ab + b2 )(b2 + bc + c2 )(c2 + ca + a2 ) 3.
SolutionX
essume without loss of generlity tht a b cF woreoverD denote y t, u the
a+b ab , . 2 2
hen e get tht a = t + u, b = t u. prom the hypothesis e dedue lso tht t 1. vet us now trnsform the 3 ftors of the inequlity in terms of t, u. hus e hve thtX
a2 + ab + b2 = (t + u)2 + (t + u)(t u) + (t u)2 = 3t2 + u2

nd
(b2 + bc + c2 )(c2 + ca + a2 ) = (t2 + tc + c2 )2 u2 (2tc c2 u2 + 2t2 ).

hefine y f (a, b, c) the veft rnd ide of the inequlityD tht is
f (a, b, c) = (a2 + ab + b2 )(b2 + bc + c2 )(c2 + ca + a2 ).

e will now prove tht f (t, t, c) f (a, b, c) 0. henote the veft rnd ide y X F e must prove tht X 0. e know tht
X = u2 (5t4 + 4t3 c 6t2 c2 2tc2 c4 u4 u2 (t c)2 ).

e lim tht the seond ftor of X is greter thn zeroF indeedD this is true s sine t = max {c, u} e get thtX
2t t + c = 4t2 (t + c)2 t c.
wultiplying these 2 inequlities e hve tht 4t3 c c2 (t + c)2 or
4t3 c t2 c2 + 2tc2 + c4 .
IUH
edding up the 5t2 c2 e get tht
4t3 c + 5t2 c2 6t2 c2 + 2tc3 + c4 .

hus e hve prove tht
5t4 + 4t3 c 6t2 c2 2tc2 c4 5t4 5t2 c2 = 5t2 (t c)(t + c).

fut from the lst inequlity e dedue tht
5t2 (t c)(t + c) 5(t c)t3 2(t c)4 u2 (t c)2 + u4

due to the mximized vlue of t. his ompletes the first sle of the SolutionF xow e only need to prove tht if 2t + c = 2 then
3t2 (t2 + tc + c2 ) 3
whih is oviously true sine it is of the form (1 t)(3t2 3t + 1) 0, FiFh F PPSF vet ABC e ute tringleD prove thtX
SolutionX
cosB.cosC cosC.cosA 3 cosA.cosB + + sin2C sin2A sin2B 2
he inequlity n e written in the lgeri formX if a, b, c re positive rel numersD then
a(a + b)(a + c) + b+c sing the known inequlity
b(b + c)(b + a) + c+a
c(c + a)(c + b) a+b
3(a + b + c).
(x + y + z )2 3(xy + yz + zx),
e see tht it suffies to prove tht
(a + b) ab(a + c)(b + c) a + b + c. (a + c)(b + c)

sing the guhyEhwrz inequlity long with the ewEqw inequlityD e get (a + b) ab(a + c)(b + c) (a + b) ab + c ab = ab(a + b) + c ab(a + b)
ab(a + b) + 2abc.
it follows tht
(a + b) ab(a + c)(b + c) (a + c)(b + c) =

PPTF vet DD e positive rel numers F rove thtX
ab(a + b + 2c) (a + c)(b + c) ab ab + b+c c+a
a.
b+c + a
c+a + b
a+b c
54(a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 )
IUI
SolutionX
3 a+b + c 3 a+c + b 3 b+c a
3
54(a + b + c)2 (ab + ac + bc) (a2 + b2 + c2 )
prom gheyshev @vyq 0 a b cA
a+b + c
a+c + b
b+c a
1 27
1 1 1 + + a b c
a+b+
a+c+
b+c
prom oir wen
3
prom ewEqw
a+b+
a+c+
b+c
27 3 (a + b)(a + c)(b + c)
1 1 1 + + a b c
o
27 abc
a+b + c
a+c + b
b+c a
27 3 (a + b)(a + c)(b + c) abc
o e just need to prove

3
(a + b)(a + c)(b + c)
2abc(a + b + c)2 (ab + ac + bc) (a2 + b2 + c2 )
prom qwrw
3
(a + b)(a + c)(b + c)
3
1 a+b
1 a+c
1 b+c
3(a + b)(a + c)(b + c) (a + b + c)2 + ab + ac + bc
ixpnding
3(a + b)(a + c)(b + c)
2abc(a + b + c)4 2abc(a + b + c)2 + (ab + ac + bc) (a2 + b2 + c2 ) a2 + b2 + c2
PPUF vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht following inequlity holds
a+b b+c c+a 2(ab + bc + ca) 13 + + + a + b + 2c b + c + 2a c + a + 2b 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 6
SolutionX
vet a2 + b2 + c2 = t(ab + ac + bc). reneDt 1 nd
cyc
2(ab + bc + ca) 13 a+b + 2 2 2 a + b + 2c 3(a + b + c ) 6 5 2(ab + bc + ca) + 6 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 2c 5 2 + . a + b + 2c 6 3t
cyc
a+b a + b + 2c
cyc
fut
cyc
2c = a + b + 2c
cyc
2c2 2(a + b + c)2 t+2 = . ac + bc + 2c2 (2a2 + 2ab) t+1
IUP
id estD it remins to prove tht
t+2 5 2 (t 1)(t + 4) + <=> 0. t+1 6 3t (t + 1)18t

whih is true for t 1. PPVF vet DD e three positive numersF rove tht X
a+b 2 b+c 2 c+a 2 8(a2 + b2 + c2 ) ) +( ) +( ) +4 b c a ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
b2 c2 a2 + + +3 +2 b2 c2 a2
epplying inequlity
a b c + + b c a
8(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 4. ab + bc + ca
x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2xyz + 1 2(xy + yz + zx)

for
x=
e get
b c a ,y = ,z = , b c a
a2 b2 c2 + 2 + 2 +32 2 b c a
b c a + + a b c
a b + b a
b c + c b
c a 4(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + 2, a c ab + bc + ca
a b + +2 + b a
or
b c c a 4(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + +2 + + +2 + 8, c b a c ab + bc + ca
(a + b)2 (b + c)2 (c + a)2 4(a + b + c)2 + + , ab bc ca ab + bc + ca whih is true ording to the guhyEhwrz inequlity [ (a + b)2 ab (a + b)] 4(a + b + c)2 = . ab ab + bc + ca
2
PPWF vet a, b, c e positive rel numer F rove thtX
bc (5R 2r)(4R + r)2 b+ca 4s(2R r)
SolutionX
e hve X
ab + bc + ca = 4Rr + r2 (5R 2r)(4R + r) 5R 2r (4Rr + r2 ) = = 4s(2R r) 2R r 4sr2

IUQ
2 2
5R 2r (ab + bc + ca)2 2R r 8(a + b c)(b + c a)(c + a b) R (ab + bc + ca)2 ) 2R r 8(a + b c)(b + c a)(c + a b)
= (2 +
end
r R 1 = cos A + cos B + cos C 1 = R 2R r 2 = 2abc a3 + b3 + c3 + 6abc

sym
r R
a2 b
2abc a3 + b3 + c3
he ineq will e true if e prove tht X
bc (ab + bc + ca) 2abc ) (2 + 3 3 3 b+ca a + b + c 8(a + b c)(b + c a)(c + a b) 8 8abc(a+b+c)+16 8 8 bc(a + b c)(a + c b) (2 + b2 c 2 8
2
2abc )(ab + bc + ca)2 a3 + b3 + c3 2abc (ab + bc + ca)2 bc(b2 + c2 ) 4abc(a+b+c)+2 b2 c 2 + 3 a + b3 + c3

2
bc(b c) +
2
a2 (b c) 2abc((a + b + c)
2 2 2
(ab + bc + ca) ) a3 + b3 + c3
2
bc(b c) +
a2 (b c) abc( ( a b)
2
(a + b) (a b) + 2 (a b) c(a + b) ) 2(a3 + b3 + c3 ) abc(a + b)(a + b + 2c) 2(a3 + b3 + c3 )
8ab + c2
e put the inequlity into the form of y tehniqueX
Sc = 8ab + c2 Sb = 8ac + b2 Sa = 8bc + a2
abc(a+b)(a+b+2c) 2(a3 +b3 +c3 ) abc(a+c)(a+c+2b) 2(a3 +b3 +c3 ) abc(b+c)(b+c+2a) 2(a3 +b3 +c3 )
yq a b c 0 isy to see tht X Sb , Sc , Sb + Sa 0D nd e hve FiFh F PQHF vet a, b, c > 0 prove tht X
3
a + a2 b + c
b + b2 c + a
c c2 a + b
3(ab + bc + ca) 2
SolutionX
y guhyEhwrz e get
3
a2 b
pplying iighted tensen for f (x) =
a +c
( a)2 a2 3 b2 +
c a
x e hveX c 3 3 a a2 b2 + 3 ac
a2
b2 +
IUR
hene it9s enough to prove tht
(
or equivlently
3
a)2 3
ab)2 (
a2 b2 + 2
ac)
a2 ( 3
a) 3
ab)2 (
a 2 b2 + 2
ac
a2 3 )
using nd
a2
ac
1 ( 3
e need to prove inequlityX
a2 )2
a2 b2
a)2 3
a2 )(
ab)2
whih is true y emEqmF PQIF vet DD e positive integer suh tht abc = 1D prove tht X
1 (a2 + ab + b2 )(b2 + bc + c2 )
9 (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)
SolutionX
prom emEqm inequlity e hve
LHS =
a2
b2 + bc + c2 + ab + b2 (b2 + bc + c2 ) 1 + bc + c2 )(c2 + ca + a2 )
33
(a2
+ ab +
b2 )(b2
nd hus it suffies to show tht
(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) 3 3
nd e hve
(a2 + ab + b2 )
(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca) =
(a2 c+b2 c+abc) 3 3
(a2 c + abc + b2 c) = 3 3
(a2 + ab + b2 )
he Solution is ompleted equlity holds if nd only if a = b = c PQPF qive DDbH prove thtX
bc ca a b c ab + + + + c(c + a) a(a + b) b(b + c) a+b b+c c+a
SolutionX his ineq is equivlent to

a2 b2 (b + a)(b + c) abc
IUS
a(c + a)(c + b)
a2 b2 (b2 + ba + bc + ac)
a2 bc(c2 + ca + cb + ab)
(a2 b4 +b2 c4 +c2 a4 )+(ab+bc+ca)(a2 b2 +b2 c2 +c2 a2 ) abc(ab+bc+ca)(a+b+c)+abc(ac2 +cb2 +ba2 )

fy ewEqw ineqD e hve X
a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 abc(a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca)(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 )abc(ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c)
a2 b4 + b2 c4 + c2 a4 =
a2 b4 + b2 c4 b2 c4 + c2 a4 c2 a4 + a2 b4 + + abc(ac2 + cb2 + ba2 ) 2 2 2
edding up these ineqs D e hve LHS RHS ng e re doneF equlity holds when = b = c. PQQF rove tht for a, b, c positive rels
a2 + 2bc + b b2 + 2ac + c c2 + 2ba
3(ab + bc + ca).
SolutionX
IA sing rolder9s inequlityD e hve
a
husD it suffies to prove tht
a2 + 2bc
a a2 + 2bc
a b c (a + b + c)3 + + . a2 + 2bc b2 + 2ca c2 + 2ab 3(ab + bc + ca)

sing now the known inequlities
a2
a b c a+b+c + 2 + 2 , + 2bc b + 2ca c + 2ab ab + bc + ca
e see tht it is enough to hek tht
a+b+c (a + b + c)3 , ab + bc + ca 3(ab + bc + ca)

3(ab + bc + ca) (a + b + c)2 .

PA
(a
cyc
a2 + 2bc + b
b2 + 2ac + c c2 + 2ba)2 3(ab + bc + ca)2 0 ab (a2 + 2bc)(b2 + 2ac) 3(ab + bc + ca)2 0

cyc
a2 (a2 + 2bc) + 2
xote
a2 (a2 + 2bc) + 2
cyc cyc
ab (a2 + 2bc)(b2 + 2ac)

cyc
a2 (a2 + 2bc) + 2
cyc
ab(ab + 2c ab)
IUT
e need only prove
a2 (a2 + 2bc) + 2
cyc cyc
ab(ab + 2c ab) 3(ab + bc + ca)2 0..........()
sustitution a = x2 , b = y 2 , c = z 2 D@x, y, z 0A
() x8 4x4 y 2 z 2 +y 8 4y 4 z 2 x2 +z 8 4z 4 y 2 x2 y 4 x4 +4y 3 x3 z 2 y 4 z 4 +4y 3 z 3 x2 z 4 x4 +4z 3 x3 y 2 0 = 1 2 (x3 + x2 y + 2zxy + xy 2 + y 3 )(x3 + x2 y 2zxy + xy 2 + y 3 )(x y )2 0

cyc
ssume x y z let Sy = (z 3 + z 2 x + 2zxy + x2 z + x3 )(z 3 + z 2 x 2zxy + x2 z + x3 )
Sx = (y 3 + y 2 z + 2zxy + yz 2 + z 3 )(y 3 + y 2 z 2zxy + yz 2 + z 3 ) Sz = (x3 + x2 y + 2zxy + xy 2 + y 3 )(x3 + x2 y 2zxy + xy 2 + y 3 )

esy prove tht
Sy = (z 3 + z 2 x + 2zxy + x2 z + x3 )(z 3 + z 2 x 2zxy + x2 z + x3 ) 0 Sy + Sx = (z 3 + z 2 x + 2zxy + x2 z + x3 )(z 3 + z 2 x 2zxy + x2 z + x3 ) +(y 3 + y 2 z + 2zxy + yz 2 + z 3 )(y 3 + y 2 z 2zxy + yz 2 + z 3 ) 0 Sz = (x3 + x2 y + 2zxy + xy 2 + y 3 )(x3 + x2 y 2zxy + xy 2 + y 3 ) 0
FiFh PQRF vet DD e positive rel numer suh tht a + b + c = 1 proveX
b2 c2 a2 + + 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) b c a
SolutionX
b2 c2 a2 + + 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) b c a ( a2 b2 c2 + + )(a + b + c) 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) b c a
a3 b3 c3 a2 c b2 a c2 b + + + + + + a2 + b2 + c2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) b c a b c a a3 b3 c3 a2 c b2 a c2 b + + + + + 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) b c a b c a
a3 b3 c3 a2 c b2 a c2 b + + + + + )(ab + bc + ca + bc + ca + ab) (a2 + b2 + c2 + ac + ba + ac)2 b c a b c a y guhyEhwrts = a3 b3 c3 a2 c b2 a c2 b (a2 + b2 + c2 + ac + ba + ac)2 + + + + + b c a b c a 2(ab + bc + ca) a2 + b2 + c2 + ac + ba + ac 2 (a2 + b2 + c2 )(ac + ba + ac)
IUU
y ewEqw
= (a2 + b2 + c2 + ac + ba + ac)2 4(a2 + b2 + c2 )(ac + ba + ac) =

hen e re doneF PQRF rove tht
(a2 + b2 + c2 + ac + ba + ac)2 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 2(ab + bc + ca)
1 sin A sin B
3 2
with efg is tringleF olutuonX e n rewrite this into @using the ine ruleA X
3R
cyc
4R2 ab;
hih is equivlent to with
4R2 ab R 0;
cyc
yrD
cyc 2 2
3R2 ab 0. R + 4R2 ab
he fmous inequlity 9R a + b2 + c2 gives us 3(3R2 ab) c2 ab nd its similr inequlitiesD so tht e hve to show tht
cyc
R+
c2 4R2 ab
cyc
R+
ab . 4R2 ab
re similrly
1 1 ; ; xote tht the sequenes {a, b, c} nd R+41 R2 bc R+ 4R2 ca R+ 4R2 ab sortedD so tht from the errngement inequlity e hve
cyc
2c2 R + 4R2 ab
cyc
R+
a2 + 4R2 ab
cyc
R+
b2 4R2 ab
cyc
2ab ; R + 4R2 ab
end hene e re doneF PQSF uppose A {(a1 , a2 , . . . , an ) | ai R, i = 1, 2 . . . , n}F por ny = (a1 , a2 , . . . , an ) A nd = (b1 , b2 , . . . , bn ) AD e define
(, ) = (|a1 b1 |, |a2 b2 |, . . . , |an bn |), D(A) = { (, ) | , A}.

how tht |D(A)| |A| SolutionX indut on nF por the se se n = 1 let the elements of A e z1 , z2 , , z|A| ndD without loss of generlityD z1 < z2 < z3 < < z|A| F IUV
husD for ll 1 j |A|D (zW e z1 ) is n element of D(A)F ine zW e z1 0 nd zi = zj when i = j D D(A) hs t lest |A| elements F xow suppose the inequlity is true when A onsists of t n 1Etuples nd e will prove the inequlity if A onsists of nEtuplesF vet A onsist of the elements eW e = {ai,1 , ai,2 , ai,3 , , ai,n } for ll 1 i a = |A|F gonsider the n1Etuples ei = {ai,2 , ai,3 , ai,4 , , ai,n } for ll 1 i aD nd let f1 , f2 , f3 , , ft e the set of distint elements ei D ordered suh tht if nj is the numer of ei so tht ei = fj for eh 1 j tD then n1 n2 n3 nt F et Aj D t for ll 1 j tD to e the set of ei so tht ei = fj F fy definitionD i=1 ni = aF hefine the funtion f (fi , fj ) = {|au,2 av,2 |, |au,3 av,3 |, , |au,n ab,n |} if eu = fi nd e v = fj F gorrespond these sets to verties of grphY let vertex vi orrespond to the set Ai in our grphF xow define the following proessF trt t vt D drw n edge to itselfD nd reord the n 1E tuple f (ft , ft ) = {0, 0, 0, , 0}F henD drw n edge etien vt nd vt1 nd reord the differene f (ft1 , ft )F xowD if f (ft , ft2 ) hs not yet een reordedD drw n edge etien vt nd vt2 nd reord f (ft , ft2 )F ytherwiseD do nothing nd proeedF if f (ft1 , ft2 ) hs not een reordedD drw n edge etien vt1 nd vt2 nd reord f (ft1 , ft2 )F ytherwiseD do nothing nd proeedF ho the sme for the pirs (vt , vt3 )D (vt1 , vt3 )D nd (vt2 , vt3 ) in tht orderF ueep doing this for t 4, t 5, , 1F y tht one e hve determined whether to drw n edge etien vi1 nd vi D e hve 4ompleted the ith setF4 n +n 1 fy vemm I elowD there re t lest x 2 y differenes etien elements of Ax nd Ay @upon tking differenes etien the first element of Ax nd the first of Ay A F woreoverD y the se se of the originl prolemD there re t lest nt differenes etien elements of At F vet n(Ax , Ay ) e the numer of distint nEtuples in the set of f (s, t) D where s rnges over ll elements of Ax nd t rnges over ll elements of Ay F umming this over ll sets (x, y ) so tht vx nd vy re onneted gives tht
|D(A)|
vi ,vj connected
n(Ai , Aj ) + nt
vi ,vj connected
nW e + nj 1 + nt 2
euse differenes etien Ai nd Aj will form 4new differene4 in the lst n 1 elements of the nEtuple if vi nd vj re onnetedF fy the indutive hypothesisD fter ompleting the j th setD there re t lest j edges for ll 1 j nF rene @y indutionD for instneAD
vi ,vj connected
nW e + nj 1 2
t
i=2
n W e + n i 1 1 + nt 2
whih is greter thn or equl to i=1 nW e = a = |A| y vemm P elowF reneD |D(A)| |A|D s desiredF vemm IX qiven two sets of rels X = {x1 , x2 , x3 , , xk } nd Y = {y1 , y2 , y3 , , yl }D the set ontining the distint vlues of |xW e yj |D where i rnges from 1 to k inlusive nd j l 1 rnges from 1 to l inlusiveD ontins t lest k+2 elementsF SolutionX it suffies to show tht there re t most k + l 1 elements in the set onsisting of distint vlues of xW e yj IUW
F roeed y indution on k + l to prove thisF if k + l = 2D this is lerF uppose it is true for ll k, l so tht k + l r 1D nd e will show tht it holds for k, l so tht k + l = rF essume tht x1 < x2 < x3 < < xk nd y1 < y2 < y3 < < yl F if min{k, l} = 1D suppose k = 1D so the elements (yW e x1 )D for ll 1 i l re pirwise distint nd lie in our set of differenesD therey yielding l differenesD s limedF xowD suppose min{k, l} > 1F if X = X xk D then there re t lest k + l 2 distint vlues mong differenes etien elements of X nd Y due to the indutive hypothesisF xowD xk y1 xk yj xW e yj for ll 1 i k nd 1 j lD where equlity only ours when W e = k nd j = 1F husD xk y1 is new differeneD so our set hs t lest k + l 1 elementsD s limedF vemm PXqiven integers t 2 nd 1 n1 n2 n3 nt D
t
i=2
nW e + ni1 1 + nt 2
ni
i=1
SolutionX roeed y indution on tF gonsider the se seD when t = 2F if n1 = n2 D then

n1 +n2 1 2
= n1 D so n1 + n2 1 + n2 = n1 + n2 2
s limedF if n1 > n2 D then
n1 + n1 + 1 1 n1 + n2 1 + n2 + n2 = n1 + n2 2 2
he se se is thus provenF xow suppose tht result holds for t = r 1D nd e shll prove the result for t = rF if nr1 = nr D then
r
i=2
n W e + n i 1 1 + nr = 2
r 1
i=2
nW e + ni1 1 nr1 + nr + n r 1 + 2 2
r
r 1
nW e + nr =
i=1 i=1
ni
if nr > nr1 D then

r
i=2
n W e + n i 1 1 + nr = 2
r 1
r 1
i=2
nW e + ni1 1 nr1 + nr 1 + nr + 2 2
r
i=2
nW e + ni1 1 nr1 + nr1 + 1 1 + + nr 2 2
nW e
i=1
y the indutive hypothesisF reneD the lemm is provenF PQTF vet a, b, c e positive rels suh tht abc = 1F how tht
a5 (b
1 1 1 1 + 5 + 5 . 2 2 2 + 2 c) b (c + 2a) c (a + 2b) 3 a= 1 1 1 ,b = ,c = x y z
SolutionX et
thenX x, y, z > 0, xyz = 1
1 1 1 1 + 5 + 5 a5 (b + 2c)2 b (c + 2a)2 c (a + 2b)2 3

IVH

fy eqEqwX
x3 1 (2y + z )2 3 x ( ) 3
2y + z 2y + z x3 + + ) (2y + z )2 27 27 1 x3 1 (x + y + z ) (2y + z )2 9 3
equte if only if a = b = c = 1 PQUF vet DDbH suh tht a + b + c = 1Frove tht
c2 a2 3 b2 + + 2 2 a+b b+c c + a2 4
SolutionX e hve
a2 + b2 + c2 b2 c2 a2 + + a + b2 b + c2 c + a2 (a4 + b4 + c4 ) + (ab2 + bc2 + ca2 )
rene it suffies to prove tht
2
(a4 4( 4 a4 + 8
ine e lwys hve
b4
3 (a2 + b2 + c2 )2 + c4 ) + (ab2 + bc2 + ca2 ) 4 ab2 )( a4 + 3 a) + 3 a4
a2 )2 3( a2 b2 3
(a2 b2 + abc2 + a3 c) a4 ) + 3 a2 c
a4 + 5
a2 b2 3abc(
3(a3 c + b3 a + c3 ) (a2 + b2 + c2 )2 = a4 + b4 + c4 + 2 a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2
herefor it suffies to prove tht
3 a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 3abc (a + b + c)
whih oviously trueF PQV vet D D e positive rel numersF rove tht
a4
a3 b b3 c c3 a + 4 + 4 1. 2 2 4 2 2 4 +a b +b b +b c +c c + c2 a2 + a4 x= b c a ,y = ,z = b c a 1 y+
1 y
SolutionX setting
e get
a b
1 +
b a
b3 a3
1 y3
1 z+
1 z
1 z3
xow e hve
x+
1 1 1 + 3 2+ 3 x x x 1 1 1 y+ + 3 2+ 3 y y y
IVI
1 1 1 + 3 2+ 3 z z z so the leftEhnd side of our eqution is loir or equl to z+ 1 1 1 1 + 1 + 1 2+ x 2 + 2 + 3 y3 z3

the lst sum is loir or equl to 1 if
4 x3 z 3 y 3 x3 y 3 z 3 1 1 (2 x3 + 1) (2 y 3 + 1) (2 z 3 + 1)
3 3 3
+z 1 nd this is ewEqwD note tht this is true sine 4 + x3 + y 3 + z 3 + 1 0 or x +y 3 xyz = 1 holdsF PQWF vet x, y, z > 0 stisfying xy + yz + zx + xyz = 4F rove the following inequlityX
x+2 + 3
y+2 + 3
z+2 3 3
Solution@ve iet hiA

etting x + 2 = a, y + 2 = b, z + 2 = c he ondition is equilvlent toX
(a 2) (b 2) + (b 2) (c 2) + (c 2) (a 2) + (a 2) (b 2) (c 2) = 4
abc = ab + bc + ca 1 1 1 + + =1 a b c prom rolder9s inequlityD e get the desired resultX a+ b+ c a+ b+ c 1 1 1 + + a b c 33
a + b + c 3 3 PQW veta, b, c 0proveX 1+ 48a + b+c 1+ 48b + c+a 1+ 48c 15 a+b
SolutionX
IFvet 48a 48b 2 2 1+ b +c = (1 + 4x) , 1 + a+c = (1 + 4y ) , 1 + where x, y nd z re nonEnegtive numersF hen
48c a+b
= (1 + 4z )2 ,
2x2 + x a = , b+c 6 b 2y 2 + y c 2z 2 + z = , = . a+c 6 a+b 6
IVP
ineD
2abc + (a + b)(a + c)(b + c)

the following equlity holdsX
cyc
ab =1 (b + c)(a + c)
2(2x2 + x)(2y 2 + y )(2z 2 + z ) + 216 108 =

cyc
cyc
(2x2 + x)(2y 2 + y ) =1 36 .
3xy +
xyz 8 x2 y 2 z 2 + 6x2 y + 6x2 z + 2x2 yz + 12x2 y 2 + 4x2 y 2 z + 3 3
emin to prove tht x + y + z 3. vet x + y + z < 3 for some nonEnegtive x, y nd z suh tht 48b 48c 48a 2 2 2 1+ b +c = (1 + 4x) , 1 + a+c = (1 + 4y ) nd 1 + a+b = (1 + 4z ) . vet x = ku, y = kv, z = kw, where u, v nd w re nonEnegtive nd u + v + w = 3. reneD 0 < k < 1 nd
108 =
cyc
3xy +
xyz 8 x2 y 2 z 2 + 6x2 y + 6x2 z + 2x2 yz + 12x2 y 2 + 4x2 y 2 z + 3 3
=
cyc
3k 2 uv +
k 3 uvw 8k 6 u2 v 2 w2 + 6k 3 u2 v + 6k 3 u2 w + 2k 4 u2 vw + 12k 4 u2 v 2 + 4k 5 u2 v 2 w + 3 3 uvw 8u2 v 2 w2 + 6u2 v + 6u2 w + 2u2 vw + 12u2 v 2 + 4u2 v 2 w + 3 3 .
<
<
cyc
3uv +
husD
108 <
cyc
3uv +
uvw 8u2 v 2 w2 + 6u2 v + 6u2 w + 2u2 vw + 12u2 v 2 + 4u2 v 2 w + 3 3
fut it9s ontrdition sineD for ll nonEnegtive u, v nd w suh tht u + v + w = 3 holdsX
108
cyc
3uv +
cyc
uvw 8u2 v 2 w2 + 6u2 v + 6u2 w + 2u2 vw + 12u2 v 2 + 4u2 v 2 w + 3 3
(4u6 + 17u5 v + 17u5 w 4u4 v 2 4u4 w2 + 68u4 vw 34u3 v 3 + +11u3 v 2 w + 11u3 w2 v 86u2 v 2 w2 ) 0
4
cyc
(u6 u4 v 2 u4 w2 + u2 v 2 w2 ) + 17
cyc 4 3 2 3 2
uv (u2 v 2 )2 +
+
cyc
(68u vw + 11u v w + 11u w v 90u2 v 2 w2 ) 0,
whih oviously trueF PF ithout loss of generlityD e my ssume tht c = min{a, b, c}. henD e notie tht
a + b+c
b c+a
[a2 (b + c) + b2 (c + a)] (a + b)3 ,
from the rolder9s inequlityD nd
a2 (b+c)+b2 (c+a) = c(a+b)2 +ab(a+b2c) c(a+b)2 +

IVQ
(a + b)2 (a + b)2 (a + b + 2c) (a+b2c) = . 4 4
gomining these two estimtionsD e find tht
a + b+c
b c+a
4(a + b) . a + b + 2c
xowD using the winkowsky9s inequlity @in ominintion with thisAD e get
48a 1+ + b+c
48b 1+ c+a 4 + 48.
(1 +
1)2
+ 48
a + b+c
b c+a
4(a + b) 48(a + b) =2 1+ , a + b + 2c a + b + 2c
nd so e re left to prove tht
1+
48(a + b) + a + b + 2c
1+
48c 15, a+b
whih is esy to hekF QF QF yne gin e n use the uvwEtheorem 48a 48b 48c 1+ c 1+ b vet x = 1 + b +c 1, y = +a 1, z = +a 1D so x, y, z 0F hen e hve a x2 + 2 x = b+c 48 nd so onF sing the illknownX
cyc
a b a +2 =1 b+ca+c b+c cyc
e otinX
48
cyc
(x2 + 2x)(y 2 + 2y ) + 2(x2 + 2x)(y 2 + 2y )(z 2 + 2z ) = 483
e should prove tht x + y + z 12 when
48
cyc
(x2 + 2x)(y 2 + 2y ) + 2(x2 + 2x)(y 2 + 2y )(z 2 + 2z ) = 483
essume tht x + y + z < 12 when
48
cyc
(x2 + 2x)(y 2 + 2y ) + 2(x2 + 2x)(y 2 + 2y )(z 2 + 2z ) = 483
hen y inresing x, y, z 9till x + y + z = 12 e will get sitution whereX x + y + z = 12 nd 48 cyc (x2 + 2x)(y 2 + 2y ) + 2(x2 + 2x)(y 2 + 2y )(z 2 + 2z ) > 483 F o it is enough to prove thtX
48
cyc
(x2 + 2x)(y 2 + 2y ) + 2(x2 + 2x)(y 2 + 2y )(z 2 + 2z ) 483
when
x + y + z = 12, x, y, z 0
vet 3u = x + y + z, 3v 2 = xy + yz + zx, w3 = xyz F riting it in terms of u, v 2 , w3 it lerly eomes on the form 2w6 + A(u, v 2 )w3 + B (u, v 2 ) 0 IVR
where A, B re funtions in u nd v 2 F o ording to the uvwEtheorem e only hve to prove it when xyz = 0 nd when (xy )(y E z )(zx) = 0F xyz = 0X wlog x = 0 a = 0F b c (xy )(yz )(zx) = 0X wlog y = z F hen c+ a = a+b (bc)(a + b + c) = 0 b = cF o e only hve to prove it in to sesX a = 0D b = c = 1F
a = 0X
b 1 + 48 c + c b
c b 1 + 48 c b 14F quringX 2 + 48( b + c ) + 2
b 1 + 48 c
2 1 + 48 c b 14 D
follows from hwrtzA hen f (a) =
b c
2 @ewEqwA nd 1 + 24a + 2 1+
b 1 + 48 c
1 + 48 c b (1 + 48) = 49 @guhyE
b = c = 1X f (a) =
1+24a 49+a
48 1+a 15 12 (1+a)3 ( 49+a (1+a)3 +2 16(1+24a))
((49 + a)(1 + a)3 16(1 + 24a))
o f (a) 0 (a1)(a3 + 54a2 + 204a33) 0 a3 + 54a2 + 20433 hs extly one positive rootD nd this root is less thn 1F vet it e F hen f (a) 0 (a1)(a) 0F rene f is inresing in [0; ] [1; +] nd deresing in [; 1)F o f (a) min{f (0); f (1)}F end sine f (0) = f (1) = 15D e see tht f (a) 15 D nd e re doneF iqulity when a = b = c or when a = b, c = 0 nd permuttions QRHF vetx, y, z re positive numers ndx + y + z = 3 F proveX y3 z3 1 2 x3 + + + (xy + yz + zx) 3 3 3 y +8 z +8 x +8 9 27
SolutionX
fy eqEqwD e hveX
x3 x(y + 2) 2 y 2 2y + 4 + + . ] (y + 2)(y 2 2y + 4) 9(y 2 2y + 4) 3 9y 2 2 x2 2 y 2 2y + 4 4 + . ] [ . 2 3 y 2y + 4 3 9y 2 9 x(y + 2) 9(y 2 2y + 4) x 4 [ ] y 3 2 y 2 2y + 4 . 3 9y 2
4 x3 (y + 2)(y 2 2y + 4) 3
yn the other hndX
x(y + 2) = 9(y 2 2y + 4)
endX
x(y + 2) 9(y 1)2 + 27 2 3
xy + 2x xy + yz + zx 2(x + y + z ) xy + yz + zx 2 = + = + 27 27 27 27 9 2 1 [ y ] 3 3
y 2 2y + 4 2 2 9y 3
@BA ellyX
()
oX
(y 1)2 (3y + 1) 0 9y 2 2 y 2 2y + 4 . 3 9y 2
4 3
x(y + 2) 9(y 2 2y + 4)
IVS

oX
4 xy + yz + zx 2 2 3 27 9 3
2 1 4 xy + yz + zx [ y ]= 3 3 9 27
4 xy + yz + zx x3 3 y +8 9 27 4 xy + yz + zx 1 2 + (xy + yz + zx) xy + yz + zx 3 9 27 9 27
ndX
rueF QRIF vet a, b, c, p e rel numersF e denote
F (a, b, c) =
p(3 p)a2 + 2(1 p)bc 3(1 + p)(2 p) pa2 + b2 + c2 2+p
rove tht (p 1).F (a, b, c) 0 for ll rel numers a, b, c nd ll positive rel numer 2 p with equlity if nd only if p = 1 or (a, b, c) = (1, 1, 1) or (a, b, c) = (1, 1, p ) nd their permuttionsF SolutionF feuse
(2+p)[p(3p)a2 +2(1p)bc](1+p)(2p)(pa2 +b2 +c2 ) = 2p(2a2 b2 c2 )+(p1)(p+2)(bc)2

D e hve
F (a, b, c) = =
xotie tht
p(3 p)a2 + 2(1 p)bc (1 + p)(2 p) pa2 + b2 + c2 2+p 2a2 b2 c2 + (p 1) pa2 + b2 + c2 pa2 (b c)2 . + b2 + c2
2p 2+p
2a2 b2 c2 = pa2 + b2 + c2 = (1 p)
D e hve
(a2 b2 )
1 1 2 pa2 + b2 + c2 pb + c2 + a2
(a2 b2 )2 (pa2 + b2 + c2 )(pb2 + c2 + a2 )
F (a, b, c) =
2p(1 p) 2+p pc2
(pa2
b2
(a2 b2 )2 + + (p 1) + c2 )(pb2 + c2 + a2 ) (pa2 b2
pa2
(b c)2 + b2 + c2 .
= (p 1)
(a b)2 2p 2 2 +a +b 2+p
(a2 b2 )2 + c2 )(pb2 + c2 + a2 )
rene the originl inequlity is equivlent to
(a b)2 2p pc2 + a2 + b2 2+p
(a2 b2 )2 (pa2 + b2 + c2 )(pb2 + c2 + a2 )
for ll rels a, b, c nd positive rel pF prom the inequlity (x y )2 (|x| |y |)2 x, y D e see tht it suffits to prove the ove inequlity for a, b, c 0 nd p > 0F his inequlity is equivlent to
(a b)2
2p(a + b)2 2+p pc2 + a2 + b2 (pa2 + b2 + c2 )(pb2 + c2 + a2 )

IVT
0.
D whih n e rewritten s
Sa (b c)2 + Sb (c a)2 + Sc (a b)2 0

with
Sc = (p + 2)(pa2 + b2 + c2 )(pb2 + c2 + a2 ) 2p(a + b)2 (pc2 + a2 + b2 )

nd Sa , Sb re determined similrlyF e n rewritten Sc s two forms
Sc = (pc2 + a2 + b2 )(pb 2a)2 + (p + 2)(c2 a2 )[pc2 + a2 + b2 + (1 p)(pb2 + a2 + c2 )] Sc = (pc2 + a2 + b2 )(pa 2b)2 + (p + 2)(c2 b2 )[pc2 + a2 + b2 + (1 p)(pa2 + b2 + c2 )]
nd similrly for Sa nd Sb F it is very useful e rewrite in oth two ove formsF xowD e ssume a b c 0 nd onsider three ses of pX pirst se X 0 < p 1F glerly tht Sa 0, Sb 0D it suffits to prove Sb + Sc 0 @euse a c a b 0AF e hve
Sb + Sc = (pb2 + c2 + a2 )(pa 2c)2 + (pc2 + a2 + b2 )(pa 2b)2 (p + 2)(1 p)(b2 c2 )2 .

sing the inequlity 2(x2 + y 2 ) (x + y )2 x, y e hve
(pb2 +c2 +a2 )(pa2c)2 +(pc2 +a2 +b2 )(pa2b)2 = (a2 +pb2 +pc2 )((pa2b)2 +(pa2c)2 )+(1p)((pab2b2 )2 +(pac2c2 1 1 1 1 (a2 +pb2 +pc2 ) (2b2c)2 +(1p) (2b2 2c2 +pacpbc)2 (a2 + (b+c)2 ).2.(bc)2 + (1p)(bc)2 (2b+2cpa)2 . 2 2 2 2 e need prove 1 2a2 + p(b + c)2 + (1 p)(2b + 2c pa)2 (2 + p)(1 p)(b + c)2 2
or
(4 + p2 p3 )a2 + 2p2 (b + c)2 4p(1 p)a(b + c)

D whih is true euse (4 + p2 p3 )a2 + 2p2 (b + c)2 4a2 + 2p2 (b + c)2 4p(1 p)a(b + c)F he inequlity ws proved for 0 < p 1F 3 eond seX 1 < p 2 F prom the expression of Sb + Sc in the first seD e see tht Sa + Sb 0, Sb + Sc 0, Sc + Sa 0 for 1 < pF it suffits to prove Sb 0D whih is true euse b c nd
pb2 + c2 + a2 + (1 p)(pa2 + b2 + c2 ) = b2 + (2 p)c2 + (1 + p p2 )a2 b2 + (1 + p p2 )b2 0.

he inequlity ws proved in this seF 3 hird seX 2 pF por this seD e rewrite gin s
Sc = (pc2 +a2 +b2 )(pb2a)2 +(2+p)(c2 a2 )[c2 b2 +(2p)(a2 +b2 +pb2 )] = Kc +(2+p)(c2 a2 )(c2 b2 )
with
Kc = (pc2 + a2 + b2 )(pb 2a)2 + (4 p2 )(c2 a2 )(a2 + b2 + pb2 ).

e lso hve nother form of Kc s
Kc = (pc2 + a2 + b2 )(pa 2b)2 + (4 p2 )(c2 b2 )(b2 + a2 + pa2 ).

@it is similr for Ka nd Kb A hen
Sc (a b)2 =
Kc (a b)2 +
IVU
(2 + p)(c2 a2 )(c2 b2 )(a b)2 .
feuse
(c2 a2 )(c2 b2 )(a b)2 = (a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 0

D e need prove
Kc (a b)2 + Kb (a c)2 + Ka (b c)2 0.

glerly tht Kb is lwys nonnegtive @from a b cA nd Ka 0 for p 2D Kc 0 for p 2 @where e used oth two forms of themAF e hve
Kb + Kc = (pb2 + c2 + a2 )(pa 2c)2 + (pc2 + a2 + b2 )(pa 2b)2 (4 p2 )(b2 c2 )2 Kb + Ka = (pb2 + c2 + a2 )(pc 2a)2 + (pa2 + c2 + b2 )(pc 2b)2 (4 p2 )(b2 a2 )2
3 D then Ka 0 nd e prom thisD if p 2 then the inequlity is lerly trueF if 2 p 2 must prove Kb + Kc 0D whih is true euse
(pb2 +c2 +a2 )(pa2c)2 +(pc2 +a2 +b2 )(pa2b)2 = =
1 1 (p+2)(b2 +c2 )(pa2c)2 + (p+2)(b2 +c2 )(pa2b)2 2 2
1 1 1 (p+2)(b2 +c2 )((pa2c)2 +(pa2b)2 ) (p+2)(b2 +c2 ). (2b2c)2 = (p+2)(b2 +c2 )(bc)2 (4p2 )(b2 c2 )2 . 2 2 2 he inequlity ws proved in the lst seF QRPF vet x, y, z, t e positive rel numer suh tht max(x, y, z, t) 5min(x, y, z, t). rove thtX xy yz zt tx + 2 + 2 + 2 1 5 x2 y 2 5y z 2 5 z t2 5 t x2
SolutionX prom
e hve
max(x, y, z, t) min 5min(x, y, z, t) 5x2 y 2 , 5y 2 z 2 , 5z 2 t2 , 5t2 x2 0.
etting
a=
e hve abcd = 1 he inequlity n rewriteX
y z t x ,b = ,c = ,d = y z t x
a b c d + + + 1. 5a2 1 5b2 1 5c2 1 5d2 1

e hveX
a 1 (a 1)2 (a2 + 3a + 1) < = > 0 5a2 1 a3 + a2 + a + 1 (5a2 1)(a3 + a2 + a + 1)

@trueA e will prove thtX
1 1 1 1 + + + 1. (1 + a)(1 + a2 ) (1 + b)(1 + b2 ) (1 + c)(1 + c2 ) (1 + d)(1 + d2 )

ithout loss of generlity ssume tht a b c d F hen from gheyshev9s inequlity e hve tht
1 1 1 + + (1 + a)(1 + a2 ) (1 + b)(1 + b2 ) (1 + c)(1 + c2 )

IVV
1 3
1 1 1 + + 1+a 1+b 1+c
1 1 1 + + 1 + a2 1 + b2 1 + c2
vemm @sile girtojeAX ifa b c d nd abcd = 1 1 1 1 3 then it holds tht . + + 1+a 1+b 1+c 1 + 3 abc Solution of the vemmX e know tht 1 1 2 F + 1+a 1+b 1 + ab 3 1 2 . oD it suffies to prove tht + 1 + c 1 + ab 1 + 3 abc vet us denote y
x= ab, y =
abc = c =
y3 x2
ustituting them to the ove inequlity e get tht
1 3 x2 2 2 3 = + + , 1 + c 1 + ab 1 + 3 abc x2 + y 3 1+x 1+y

whih redues to the inequlity
(x y )2 2y 2 y + x(y 2) (1 + x)(1 + y )(x2 + y 3 )

D whih is ovious sine
2y 2 y + (y 2)x 2y 2 y + (y 2)y 3 = y (y 1)(y 2 y + 1) 0.

fk to our inequlity nowD from the ove lemm e dedue thtX
1 1 1 3 + + 1+a 1+b 1+c 1 + 3 abc 1 1 3 1 + + . 3 1 + a2 1 + b2 1 + c2 1 + a2 b2 c2 3 por onveniene denote y k the abcF herefore e hve tht 1 1 1 3 + + . (1 + a)(1 + a2 ) (1 + b)(1 + b2 ) (1 + c)(1 + c2 ) (1 + k )(1 + k 2 )
hus it remins to prove tht
3 1 + 1 2 (1 + k )(1 + k ) (1 + d)(1 + d2 )
fut abcd = 1F oD the lst frtion is of the form
1 1+
efter tht e get
1 k3
1+
1 k6
1 1+
1 k3
1+
1 k6
3 1 (1 + k )(1 + k 2 )
gonlusion follows from the ovious inequlity
(k 1)2 (2k 4 + k 3 + k + 2) 0 (k 3 + 1)(k 6 + 1)

IVW
FiFh he inqulity holds when x = y = z = t = 1. emrkX vet x1 , x2 , ..., xn e positive rel numer suh tht max(x1 , x2 , .., xn ) thtX
5min(x1 , x2 , ..., xn ).Frove
x2 x3 xn x1 x1 x2 2 + 5x2 x2 + ... + 5x2 x2 1 x 5x2 n 2 3 1 2 1

PRQFD qiven a, b, c 0F rove thtX
(a + b + c)2 a2 b2 c2 2 + 2 + 2 2(ab + bc + ca) a + bc b + ca c + ab
SolutionX
IF
2a2 (a + b)(a + c) (a + b + c)2 2(ab + bc + ca)
a2
a2 = + bc
a2 (a b)(a c) 0 (a + b)(a + c)(a2 + bc)
2a2 2 ab(a + b) = (a + b)(a + c) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
essume tht a + b + c = 1 nd put q = ab + bc + ca, r = abcD then the inequlity eomes
1 q 3r 4q qr qr 4q q 3r
2r 4q 1 q 3r
4q 1 9 D
fy hur9s inequlity for third degreeD e hve r
then
2r 2r 6r = 4 q 1 q 3r 1q q 3
6r (4q 1)(1 q )
fut this is just hur9s inequlity for fourth degree
a4 + abc
e hve doneF PF uppose a + b + c = 3F e need to proveX
ab(a2 + b2 )
f (r) = 4q 4 9q 3 + 24qr2 54q 2 r 72r2 243r + 216qr 0 f (r) = 48qr 54q 2 144r 243 + 216q f (r) = 48(q 3) 0, sof (r) f (0) = 54q 2 144 + 216q 0
oD with q
9 4 , f (r )
f (0) = q 3 (4q 9) 0 ith q f (r) f (
9 4D
e hveX
9 4)
4q 9 ) 0@trues with q 3
IWH
RD vet a + b + c = 1Y a, b, c 0F rove thtX
1 1 3 1 + + 2 2a 5b2 2b 5c2 2c 5a2 (a + b2 + c2 )2
SolutionX
fy guhyEhwrz 9s inequlityD e hveX
LHS
FiFh
9 2(a + b + c)2 5
a2
3 (a2 + b2 + c2 )(6 a2 5 a2 )
3 a2 )2
PRRFD vet x, y, z 0 nd x + y + z = 1F rove thtX
27(x3 + yz )(y 3 + xz )(z 3 + xy ) 64x2 y 2 z 2
SolutionX
it9s the following ineq of illEknow ineq X
(a2 + 3)(b2 + 3)(c2 + 3) 64 a + b + c = 3 ( 3x4 + 3) 64 xyz
etting X3x = a, 3y = b, 3z = c fy mEgm D e hve X
LHS (1) (a4 + 3)(b4 + 3)(c4 + 3)
1 ((a2 + 3)(b2 + 3)(c2 + 3))2 64 64
xote X it9s etter if you think more out lssil ineq efore use modern teh PRSFD pind the est vlue of k to this ineq is truefor ll a, b, c 0, abc = 1
k(
a2 + b2 )+ c2
ab 3 c2 4
c2 + ab
a+b 2c
SolutionF
IF with a = b = c e find k = 5 8 vet a + b + c = p, ab + bc + ca = q, abc = rF e hveX
ineq
5 8
a2 b2 (a2 + b2 ) +
a3 b3
3a2 b2 c2 1 abc(a3 + b3 + c3 ) + 4 2
ab(a + b)
5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3a2 b2 c2 1 15 (a +b +c )(a b +b c +c a )+ a3 b3 abc(a3 +b3 +c3 ) ab(a+b) 0 8 4 2 8 5 1 21 (p2 2q )(q 2 2p) + (q 3 3pq + 3) (p3 3pq + 3) (pq 3) 0 8 2 8 5p2 q 2 q3 9p3 9 + 2pq 0 8 4 4 8 pollow hurX (4q p2 )(p2 q ) (4q p2 )(p2 q ) r 1 6p 6p PF 5 ( 8 a2 + b2 )+ c2 ab 3 c2 4 c2 + ab a+b 2c
5p2 q 2 10p3 10q 3 + 16pq 9 0

IWI
setting
f (p) = 5p2 q 2 10p3 10q 3 + 16pq 9 f (p) = 10pq 2 30p2 + 16q 0 f (p) f ( 3q ) = ( q 3)(5q 2 q + 5 3q 2 + 15q q + 3q + 3q + 3 3)
y emEqm
q 3 f (p) f ( 3q ) 0
4a4
(a, b, c) = (1, 1, 1)
erhpsD it is the Solution whih is used 4pqr teh4 tht e sid thnk your Solution our ineq c2 (a2 b2 2ac 2bc)2 0 it is not nturlD e know thtF PRTF D vet x, y, z 0 nd x + y + z = 1F rove tht
27(x3 + yz )(y 3 + xz )(z 3 + xy ) 64x2 y 2 z 2
SolutionX
it9s the following ineq of illEknow ineq X
(a2 + 3)(b2 + 3)(c2 + 3) 64 a + b + c = 3

rnvnlun9s ineq is equivlent to X
3x4 + 3) 64(1) xyz
etting X 3x = a, 3y = b, 3z = c fy mEgmD e hve X
LHS (1) (a4 + 3)(b4 + 3)(c4 + 3)

ab FiFh PF vemmX
1 ((a2 + 3)(b2 + 3)(c2 + 3))2 64 64
r
nd
q 2 (1 q ) 2(2 3q )
(4q 1)(1 q ) 6
27(x3 + yz )(y 3 + xz )(z 3 + xy ) 64x2 y 2 z 2 27r3 + 27q 4 54q 2 r + 125r2 + 108qr2 + 27r 108rq 0
setting
f (r) = 27r3 + 27q 4 54q 2 r + 125r2 + 108qr2 + 27r 108rq

the first seX
81r2 54q 2 + 250r + 216rq + 27 108q 0 f (r) = 81r2 54q 2 + 250r + 216rq + 27 108q 0
IWP
(4q 1)(1 q ) 1 )= (3q 1)(192q 5 1808q 4 + 476q 3 267q 2 + 518q 83) 0 6 72 the seond seX 81r2 54q 2 + 250r + 216rq + 27 108q 0 f (r) f ( f (r) = 81r2 54q 2 + 250r + 216rq + 27 108q 0 f (r) f ( q 2 (3q 1)(9q 6 + 192q 5 + 1061q 4 3490q 3 + 4064q 2 2160q + 432) q 2 (1 q ) 0 )= 2(2 3q ) 8(2 + 3q )3
e hve done ink PRUFD vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 3F rove tht
ab + bc + ca abc + 2
SolutionX
ut
f (a; b; c) = ab + bc + ca abc.
o suppose
c = mina; b; c
e hve
f (a; b; c) f ( = (ab
a2 + b2 ; 2
a2 + b2 ; c) 2
a2 + b2 c(a2 + b2 ) ) + [c(a + b) c 2(a2 + b2 )] [abc ] 2 2 = c(a b)2 (a b)2 c(a b)2 + 2 2 a + b + 2(a2 + b2 )
c c 1 = (a b)2 ( )0 2 2 a + b + 2(a2 + b2 ) f (a; b; c) f ( a2 + b2 ; 2 a2 + b2 ; c) 2
f (a; b; c) f (t; t; t) = 2
FiFh F PRVFvet a1 , a2 , a3 , ..., an e n nonEnegtive rel numersD suh tht a1 + a2 + .....an = 1F rove tht 1 a1 a2 + a2 a3 + a3 a4 + ...........an1 an 4 SolutionX it does not work when n = 1F ou need n 2F hen n = 2D nd a1 + a2 = 1D e do hve 1 a1 a2 4 F he Solution is esy nd i9ll omit it hereF essume tht for some n 2, a1 a2 + + an1 an 1 4 whenever a1 + + an = 1F vet a1 + a2 + + an + an+1 = 1F vyqD ssume tht an an1 F 1 hen if A = an + an+1 e hve a1 + + an1 + A = 1; hencea1 a2 + + an1 A 4 F
a1 a2 + + an1 an + an an+1 a1 a2 + + an1 (an + an+1 )
1 . 4
IWQ
rene the result is true y indutionF PRWF D vet x, y, z > 0 nd xyz = 1F rove tht
x3 y3 z3 3 + + x4 + 1 y 4 + 1 z 4 + 1 2
SolutionX
vet IF
f (x, y, z ) =
hen
x4
x3 y3 z3 3 + 4 + 4 +1 y +1 z +1 2 yz, yz ) 0
f (x, y, z ) f (x,
fut
f (x,
3t12 4t9 + 3t8 2t6 + 3t4 4t3 2t3 + 3 1 0 yz, yz ) = f ( 2 , t, t) = t 2(t8 + 1)(t4 + 1)
nd inequlity is proveF PF b setting X x = a b , y = c, z =
c a
the inequlity eomesX
cyc
a3 b 3 4 4 a +b 2
e hveX
2LHS
cyc
2a3 b a2 b2 +
a8 +b8 2
cyc
a3 b ab
a8 +b8 2
=
cyc
a8
2a8 1/4 ) + b8
cyc
a4
2a4 3 = 2RHS + b4
the lst inequlity is true sine it9s s9s F PSHFD vet x, y, z re nonEnegtive numers whih not two of them equl to 0F rove thtX
x + y+z <=>
y + x+z
z 2 y+x
1+
xyz (x + y )(x + z )(y + z ) x)( xy )
x(x + y )(x + z ) + 2
(x + y ) xy (x + z )(y + z ) 4(
fy mEgm CshurD e hve X C
LHS +x(x+y )(x+z )+12xyz +2
x(x + y )(x + z ) + 12xyz + 2 xy (x+y )4( x)( xy ) =
xy (x + y ) x3 +3xyz xy (x+y ) 0
ith this prolem e hve P wy to solved it he wy IX it is similr to mitdIPQ sSolution he wyP @meA
(
let
a2 (b + c)).LHS 2 (a + b + c)3 1 q2 , abc = r 3
a + b + c = 1 = p,
ab =
IWR
e will prove
<=>
se
4(1 q )2 3(1 q 2 ) r 36(1 q 2 ) 9 r 1 + q )2 (1 2q ) 27
e will prove this ineq
12(1 q )2 (1 + q ) 9(1 q ) (1 + q )(1 2q )(4(1 q 2 ) 1) <=> q 2 (4q 1)2 0

PSIFD rove if a, b, c > 0 then
(ab + bc + ca)
a3 b3 (a + b + c)(a b + c)(a + b c)(a3 + b3 + c3 )(a2 + b2 + c2 )
essume thtX a + b + c = 1
<=> f (r) = 45qr2 + 24r2 + 69q 2 r + 11r 58qr + q 4 9q + 26q 2 + 1 24q 3 0 f (r) = 90qr + 48r + 69q 2 + 11 58q 0 => f (r) f (
FiFh PSPF vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht
1 4q 1 )= (q 1)(3q 1)(9q 2 8q + 2) 0 9 27
(ab + bc + ca)3 (a + b + c)(a b + c)(a + b c)(a + b + c)3

essume p = 1
4q 1 9
<=> (3q 1)(3q 2 + q 1) 0

FiFh PSQF vet x, y, z re positive numersF rove thtX
y2
x5 y5 z5 3(x6 + y 6 + z 6 ) + 2 + 2 2 2 2 +z x +z y +x 2(x3 + y 3 + z 3 )
SolutionX
fy ewEqw De hve
x5 y2 + z2
x6 2 (x
2 +y 2 +z 2
)3
end
cyc
y2
x5 (x6 + y 6 + z 6 )2 3(x6 + y 6 + z 6 ) 2 7 2 7 2 +z (x y + x z ) 2(x3 + y 3 + z 3 )
where the lst inequlity is true y ewEqw tooF RFPSD vet x, y, z, t R nd x + y + z + t = x7 + y 7 + z 7 + t7 = 0F pind
S = t(t + x)(t + y )(t + z )

IWS
etting X x + y = z t = k
=> x7 + (k x)7 = (k + t)7 t7 <=> k (x + t)(t + x k ) = 0 <=> (t + z )(t + y )(t + x) = 0 => S = 0

FiFh PSSD vet a, b, c > 0F rove thtX
a3
a2 + b2 + c2 abc 4 + 3 3 +b +c ac + ab + bc 3
SolutionX
vet
p = a + b + c, q = ab + bc + ca, r = abc.
essume p = 1
<=> (3q 1)(10q 9r 3) 0

fy shur e hveX
9r 4q 1 (3q 1)(10q 9r 3) 2(3q 1)2 0

hone mile
(a b)2 (
wih is true euse
1 a+b+c )0 ab + bc + ca 3(a3 + b3 + c3 )
3(a3 + b3 + c3 ) (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)

FiFh PSTFD rove tht if a, b, c 0 then
a2 ab + b2
a2 ac + c2 a3 + b3 + c3
SolutionX

cyclic
2 a a2 ab + b2
a3 a2 b + b2 a
cyclic
2 a3 a2 c + c2 a (a3 +b3 +c3 )2
a2 ac + c2 =
if re you men tht
(a3 a2 b + b2 a)(a3 a2 c + c2 a)
cyc
1 2
(a3 a2 b + b2 a + a3 a2 c + c2 a) == a3 + b3 + c3
cyc
ab FiFh PSUFD vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht
(a + b)2 3 c(2c + a + b)
IWT
SolutionX
vet a + b + c = 3F hen
cyc
(a + b)2 3 c(2c + a + b)
cyc
(3 c)2 1 c(3 + c) 0
cyc
0 (c 1)2 (4 + c) 0 c(3 + c)
cyc
1c 0 c(3 + c)
cyc
1c c1 + c(3 + c) 4
FiFh PSVD vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht
(a + b)2 2 c(2c + a + b)
a b+c
SolutionX
etting X
a+b c+a b+c ;y = ;z = c b a fy uhyEshwrzD e n prove X x= (x + y + z )2 x2 2+x 6+ x <=>

etting X
x 2
1 2( ) @he lst ineq is esy x a+b a + b + 2c
a+b 4 c
x=
b+c c+a a+b ;y = ;z = 2a 2b 2c x <=> x2 x+1 x 2x x+1
e hve xyz 1
=> LHS
FiFh PSWF vet a, b, c R+ F rove tht
a
cyclic
7a2 + 9b2
4 (a + b + c)2 3
SolutionX
fy the guhy hwrz inequlityD e hve
7a2 + 9b2 1 (7 4
1 4
a(7a + 9b) =
1 (7 4
a2 + 9
ab)
a2 + 9
ab) ab 16 a2 5
IWU
4 ( 3
a)2 ab
21
a2 + 27 5
a2 + 32 ab
<=> (a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 0

whih is true PTHFD vet a, b, c R+ nd ab + bc + ca = abcF rove tht
cyclic
3 1 2 ab 1
SolutionX
etting a := ab, b := bc, c = ca then a2 + b2 + c2 = abc end the inequlity eomes 1 1 1 3 + + a1 b1 c1 2 (b 1) (c 1) 1 (ab + bc + ca) 2 (a + b + c) + 3 = = a1 (a 1) (b 1) (c 1) abc (ab + bc + ca) + a + b + c 1
etting p = a + b + c, q = ab + bc + ca, r = abc then e need to show tht
3p2 + 7p 11q 9 0
fy hur ineq e hve
q
it suffies us to show tht
p3 + 9p2 18 + 4p p3 + 9p2 18 + 4p
3p2 + 7p 11
90
p3 17p2 + 90p 162 0 (p 9) p2 8p + 18 0

hih is true y
p2 8p + 18 0andp 9 0
e hve done PTIF vet a, b, c > 0 suh t abc = 1F rove thtX a b+c b c+a c a+b + + 2 b+c+1 c+a+1 a+b+1
SolutionX enother SolutionF epplying ewEqw inequlityD e hveX

1
husD e only need to prove thtX
a(b + c) . 2
a 2 2 b + c( a + 2) sym
using g inequlityD e hveX
sym
a b + c( a + 2) 2
(a + b + c)2 a b + c + a a(b + c) 2
IWV
(a + b + c)2 2( a)( ab) + ( a)( ab(a + b))
etting t2 = a + b + c; u2 = ab + bc + caF ewrite inequlityD e need to proveX
2t3 2 2u
t2 u2 3
fy ewEqw ineqD u2 <= t2 /3F husD
5 8 3 5 8 4 ( 2t3 2 2u)2 t2 u2 + 3 t6 t + t +30 3 3 3

sing ewEqwX
122 8 3 5 5 6 8 4 24 t t + t + 3 24 t (t 3) 37 3 3 3 3
PTIF vet a, b, c > 0 nd a3 + b3 + c3 = 3F rove tht
a2 b2 c2 3 + + 3 a2 3 b2 3 c2 2
SolutionX
sing ewEqw inequlity e hve
a3 a2 = = 2 3a a(3 a2 )
rene e hve X
a3 a2 (3 a2 )2
a3
a 3a 2. a2 . 3 2 . 2
2 2
a3 2
b2 c2 a2 + b2 + c2 3 a2 + 2+ = 2 2 3a 3b 3c 2 2
FiFh PTPD vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht a + b + c + 1 = 4abcF rove tht
1 1 1 3 + + a4 + b + c b4 + c + a c4 + a + b a+b+c
SolutionX
he inequlity omes fromX if a, b, c > 0 suh tht a + b + c 3 then
1 1 1 3 + + a4 + b + c b4 + c + a c4 + a + b a+b+c
his is very known resultF e hve X
a4 + b + c =
e hve to prove tht X
(b2 )2 (c2 )2 (a2 + b2 + c2 )2 (a2 )2 + 3 + 3 1 b c 1 + b3 + c3 1 3 + 2(a3 + b3 + c3 ) a4 + b + c (a2 + b2 + c2 )2
3 3 + 2(a3 + b3 + c3 ) () 2 2 2 2 (a + b + c ) a+b+c
with X a, b, c > 0 nd a + b + c + 1 = 4abc a + b + c = p; ab + bc + ca = q ; abc = r e hve X 4 4abc = a + b + c + 1 4 abc abc = r 1
() (p2 3q )2 + (q 2 3p) + 2(q 2 3pr) 0

IWW
e hveX
(p2 3q )2 + (q 2 3p) + 2(q 2 3pr) (p2 3q )2 + 3(q 2 3pr) 0

FiFh PTQF vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersD no two of whih re zeroF rove tht
8a(b + c) + 9bc + (2b + c)(b + 2c)

PTRF vet a, b > 0F rove tht
8b(c + a) + 9ca + (2c + a)(c + 2a)
8c(a + b) + 9ab 5 (2a + b)(a + 2b)
a2
b a + 1 2 2 + 3b b + 3a2
SolutionX
ettingX
x=
tht led to the onditionX
a2
a + 3 b2
nd y =
b2
b + 3a2
8(xy )2 + x2 + y 2 = 1
essume tht
4xy (x + y )2 1
then e hve
4(xy )2 1
@ from the ove onditionD you n hek it properlyAF es resultD e hve the ontrditionF fy rolder
b a + 2 2 2 a + 3b b + 3a2
(a(a2 +3b2 )+ b(b2 +3a2 )) (a + b)3 == a(a2 +3b2 )+ b(b2 +3a2 ).
FiFh PTSFD vet a, b, c e positive rel numersF rove tht bc + 4ab + 4ac ca + 4bc + 4ba ab + 4ca + 4cb 3 + + b+c c+a a+b 2 2
b+c + a
c+a + b
a+b c
SolutionX
ine
4(bc + 4ab + 4ac) = b+c

16a 4bc + b + c (b + c)2
16a + b + c b+c
3 2
quring oth sidesD e hve
b+c a
16a + b + c b+c a + bc bc
b+c a
b+c +2 a
(a + b)(a + c) bc
PHH
b+c +2 a
= =
nd
b+c +2 a a 1 1 + b c
2
a +6 bc +4
b+c +4 a
a +6 b+c a +6 b+c
a +68 b+c
16a + b + c b+c
16a + b + c +2 b+c
(16a + b + c)(16b + c + a) (a + c)(b + c)
16a + b + c + b+c = 18
reneD it suffies to prove tht
16a + b + c 16b + c + a + a+c b+c a + 54 b+c a + 54 b+c
9 2
a +6 b+c
18
3 a b+c 2 his is xesitt9s inequlityF iqulity holds if nd only if a a F e hve doneF

PTTF vet a, b, c 0; ab + bc + ca = 1F rove tht
5 1 a+b 2
SolutionX
vyq
c = min(a, b, c)
gse IF if
c = 0 ab = 1 1 5 1 1 LHS = + + a b a+b 2 2 <=> ( a b) (2a + 2b ab) 0

it is true euse ab = 1 F gse PFFif a, b, c = 0F etting
ca bc ab ;y = ;z = c b a 2 (ab + bc + ca) 5 LHS 2abc 2 x=
it is trueF PTUF vet a, b, c e nonegtive rel numers suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 1F rove tht
a b c 3 + + 2 1 + ca 1 + bc 1 + ab
SolutionX
epplying guhy inequlityD e hve
a 1 + bc
PHI
a 1 + bc
e hve the following resultX
a 1 + bc
etullyD e hve
a (a + b)(a + c)
LHS RHS =
a((a + b)(a + c) a2 b2 c2 bc) = (1 + bc)(a + b)(a + c) ab(a b) = (1 + ac)(b + a)(b + c)
ab(a b) ca(c a) = (1 + bc)(a + b)(a + c) ab(a b)2 (1 c2 ) 0 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)(1 + ac)(1 + bc)
ab(a b) (1 + bc)(a + b)(a + c)
reneD it is suffiient to prove tht
a (a + b)(a + c)
9 4
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
fy ew E qw inequlityD it is trueF PTVF vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht
8 (ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c) 9
(a + b)
a b + b c
1 2 b
a + b
b c
SolutionX
hivide y to get
a a b 1 2 a ( + 1)( + ) + 2 ( + b b c b b b
vet hen e hve to show
b ) c
a b 1 = x, = y, and = z b c b (x + 1)(x + y ) + z 2 2z (x + y ) x2 + x + y + xy + (z x y )2 (x + y )2 x + xy + (z x y )2 2x y x(1 y )2 + (z x y )2 0
hih is oviously trueF iqulity holds when b = c nd a + b = 1F PTWF vet x, y, z, k > 0F rove tht
y2 + z2 z 2 + x2 3 x2 + y 2 + + (x + y + z k ) z+k x+k y+k 2
SolutionX
sing guhyEhwrz9s inequlity e hveD
2(x + y + z + 3k )( = [2(z + k ) + 2(x + k ) + 2(y + k )](
x2 + y 2 y2 + z2 z 2 + x2 + + ) z+k x+k y+k
x2 y2 y2 z2 z2 x2 + + + + + ) z+k z+k x+k x+k y+k y+k

PHP
4(x + y + z )2
xow let x + y + z = a then e only need to prove
4a2 3(a + 3k )(a k ) (a 3k )2 0,

using ewEqw X whih is oviously true.
x2 + y 2 k+z + x+y z+k 2
FiFh PUHD vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht
3 ab + bc + ca a4 + b4 + c4 + . 4
SolutionX
fu emEqw9s inequlityD e hveX
a4 +
nd yliF o
1 a2 4
a4 + b4 + c4 +
3 a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca. 4
4
(a4 + b4 + 1/8 + 1/8)/4

FiFh PUID vet a, b, c > 0 nd a + b + c = 3F rove tht
a4 b4 /64
b2 + 1 + 2c2 c2 + 1 + 2a2 a2 + 1 + 2b2 + + 2( ab + bc + ca) a+1 b+1 c+1
SolutionX
a2 + 1 + 2b2 b2 + 1 + 2c2 c2 + 1 + 2a2 + + 2( a2 + b2 + a+1 b+1 c+1 a2 + b2 2ab
nd
b2 + c2 +
c2 + a2 )
b2 + 1 2 b
so
a2 + 1 + 2b2 2ab + 2b = 2b(a + 1)

o then
LHS 2(a + b + c)
o e hve to prove thtX
a+b+c
PUPD vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht
ab +
bc +
ca,
hih is trivil
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 3 + 3 < + 2 + 2 (a3 1)2 (b 1)2 (c 1)2 9 a2 (a 1)2 b (b 1)2 c (c 1)2

PHQ
SolutionX
ell e need to do is to prove
9a2 (a 1)2 (a3 1)2

it dedues to prove tht
9a2 (a2 + a + 1)2 ()

woreoverD e use the identity
A2 B 2 = (A + B )(A B ) () eomes (a 1)2 (a2 + 4a + 1) 0 whih is trivilF pinllyD the equlity nnot hold oviously so e hve the strit inequlityF FiFh
PUQF qiven a, b, c 0F rove thtX
b2 bc + c2 + a2 + bc
a2 ab + b2 + c2 + ab
2(ab + bc + ca) c2 ca + a2 4 + b2 + ac a2 + b2 + c2
SolutionX
his inequlity is vlidD nguoivn nd it follows from pplying ewEqw s followX
2(b2 bc + c2 ) 2(b2 bc + c2 ) b2 bc + c2 = a2 + bc (a2 + bc) + (b2 bc + c2 ) a2 + b2 + c2

PURF qiven tht a, b, c 0 nd a + b + c = 3F rove tht
a + ab + 2abc
ou9re rightD shmF e n show tht
9 2
a + ab + 2abc
9 2
s followX epling b = 3 a cD then e hve to prove
a + a(3 a c) + 2ac(3 a c)
or equivlentlyD
9 , 2
9 0. 2 e see tht f@A is qudrti polynomil of with the highest oeffiient is positiveF woreoverD its disiminnt is f (a) = (2c + 1)a2 + (2c2 5c 4)a + = (2c2 5c 4)2 18(2c + 1) = (2c 1)2 (c2 4c 2) 0, as0 c 3.
3 hereforeD f (a) 0 nd our Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = 2 ,b = 1 1, c = 2 F
2a + ab + abc = a(2 + b(c + 1)) a(2 + (
b+c+1 2 ) )9 2
a(8 + (b + c + 1)2 ) = a(8 + (5 a)2 ) = 33a 10a2 + a3 36 a3 + 10a2 33a + 36 = (4 a)(3 a)2 0
PHR
whih is oviously trueF iqulity if a = 3, b = 1, c = 0F PUSF qiven a, b, c > 0 nd abc = 1F rove tht
(a2 + 1)(b2 + 1)(c2 + 1) (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8
SolutionX
IF
x2 + 1 x+1
x3 + 1 2
(x 1)4 (x2 + x + 1) 0
nd
(a2 + bc)(1 +
so
bc ) (a + b)2 c
(a2 + bc)(b2 + ca)(c2 + ab) abc(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) (a3 + 1)(b3 + 1)(c3 + 1) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
he stronger is trues nd very esyX
(1 + a)3 (1 + b)3 (1 + c)3 64(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

8 8
(1 + a)16 =
cyc cyc
(1 + a)(1 + b)
4
=
cyc
(1 + ab + a + b)
88
cyc
(1 + ab)(a + b)
= 88
cyc
(a + b)4
cyc 2
(1 + ab)(1 + ac)
= 88
cyc
(a + b)4
cyc
(1 + a + a(b + c))
810
cyc
(a + b)5
cyc
(1 + a),
whih is trueF PF
(a + b)(1 + ab)
feuse ofX
(1 + a)2 (1 + b)2 4
(1 + ab)(1 + bc)(1 + ca) = (1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c)

feuse
abc = 1
FiFh PUTF qiven a, b, c 0F rove thtX
1 1 1 5 + 2 + 2 a 2 + b2 b + c2 c + a2 2(ab + bc + ca)
SolutionX
e hve X
1 1 4 + 2 2 b2 + c2 c + a2 2c + (a + b)2 2ab
PHS
a b cY ssume a + b = 1F e hve X c(1 c) x = ab e hve to prove thtX (x + c)(
1 4
1 4 5 + 2 ) 1 2x 2c 2x + 1 2
f (x) = 40x2 + x(24c2 20c + 30) + 4c3 10c2 + 10c 5 0

e hve X
f (x) = 80x + 24c2 20c + 30 f (x) = 80 < 0 1 f (x) f ( ) = 24c2 20c + 10 > 0 4
e hve X
1 f (x) f ( ) = c((2c 1)2 + 4) 0 4
e hve done essume X c = min{a; b; c} e hve X
a2 + b2 x2 + y 2 , b2 + c2 y 2 , c2 + a2 x2 ab + bc + ca xy
ith X e hve to prove tht X
c c x = a + ;y = b + 2 2 xy x2 + y 2 5 + 2 +y xy 2
x2
fy ewEqw e hve X
xy x2 + y 2 xy x2 + y 2 3(x2 + y 2 ) 5 + = ( + ) + x2 + y 2 xy x2 + y 2 4xy 4xy 2

e hve doneF PUUFD qiven a, b, c 0F rove tht
(a3 b3 + b3 c3 + c3 a3 )[(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc] abc(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2
SolutionX
[c(ab)2 +b(ac)2 +a(bc)2 ][
nd e get
1 1 1 ab bc ca 2 (a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 + 3+ 3] ( + + ) = 3 c b a c a b a2 b2 c2
(a3 b3 + b3 c3 + c3 a3 )[(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc] abc(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2

PUVFvet a, b, c e positive rel numer Frove thtX
(a3 b3 + b3 c3 + c3 a3 )[(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc] 9abc(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2
SolutionX
epling a, b, c y
1 1 1 a, b, c
respetivelyD then our inequlity eomes
(a3 + b3 + c3 )[(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc] 9(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2

PHT
xowD ssume tht c = min{a, b, c} then e hve
a3 + b3 + c3 a3 + b3 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc = 2c(a b)2 + (a + b)(a c)(b c) (a + b)(a c)(b c),
nd
(a b)2 (a c)2 (b c)2 ab(a b)2 (a c)(b c)

hereforeD e n redue our inequlity to
(a3 + b3 )(a + b)(a c)(b c) 9ab(a b)2 (a c)(b c),

or
(a3 + b3 )(a + b) 9ab(a b)2

(a2 4ab + b2 )2 0
whih is trivil PUWF qiven a, b, c > 0 nd abc = 1F rove thtX
a2 b2 c2 (a2 c + b2 a + c2 b 3)2 + + a+b+c+ b c a ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
it is equivlent to
(a3 3a2 b + 6a2 c 4abc) 0,

cyc
whih is oviousF
1 1 1 + + b c a
FiFh PVHD qiven a, b, c 0F rove thtX
(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 + + b c a ab bc ca + + b c a

2
(a + 2b)2 (b + 2c)2 (c + 2a)2 27abc(a + 2c)(b + 2a)(c + 2b)
SolutionX
(a+2b)(b+2c) = ab+bc+bc+b2 +b2 +bc+bc+ca+ca = b(a+2c)+b(c+2b)+c(b+2a) 3 3 b2 c(a + 2c)(c + 2b)(b + 2a)
nd similrDe hve
(a + 2b)2 (b + 2c)2 (c + 2a)2 27abc(a + 2c)(b + 2a)(c + 2b)

FiFh PVIF vet a, b, c re three positive rel numersF rove tht
(a + b c)
2 2
c2 + (b + a)
(b + c a)
2 2
a2 + (b + c)
PHU
(c + a b) b + (c + a)
2 2
3 5
SolutionX
euse the ineq is homogenuousD e n ssume tht a + b + c = 1 ineq 2 (1 2a) 1 (3a 1)(3a 2) ( 0 2 5 0 2 a2 + (1 a) a2 + (1 a) e n pply gheyshev inequlity De hve
LHS
fe u se (a + b + c = 1)F
1 (3a + 3b + 3c 3)( 3
3a 2 a2
+ (1 a)
2)
PVPD vet a, b, c re rel numersF rove tht
(a + b)4 + (b + c)4 + (c + a)4
4 (a + b + c)4 7
SolutionX
y holder inequlityD e getX
( a + b)
o
(1 + 1 + 1)(1 + 1 + 1)(1 + 1 + 1) (2(a + b + c)) 4 16 (a + b + c)4 (a + b + c)4 27 7
(a + b)
FiFh
PVQF qiven a, b, c > 0 nd a + b + c = 3F rove thtX
a2 b2 c2 + + 2 + 3 abc 6 b c a
SolutionX
sing illEknown resultX
a2 b2 c2 (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + b c a ab + bc + ca
@e n prove it esily y emEqmA oD a2 b2 c2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + b c a ab + bc + ca fesidesD e hveX 8abc abc (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
<=> (a + b)2 (b + c)2 (c + a)2

@trues gin y emEqmA oD e otinX
64 abc(a + b + c)3 27
a2 + b2 + c2 8abc + 2 ab + bc + ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
PVRFqiven a, b, c > 0F rove thtX
(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 (a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 + + 2 2 2 c a b 3a2 b2 c2

PHV
SolutionX
it9s equivlent toX
abc(
a3 + 3abc
ab(a + b)) 0 @oviously truesA
if abc(a b)(b c)(c a) 0F rove tht
(c a)3 (a b)3 3abc (b c)3 + + 3 3 a b c3 (a b)(b c)(c a)

if abc(a b)(b c)(c a) 0F rove thtX
(c a)3 (a b)3 3abc (b c)3 + + 3 3 3 a b c (a b)(b c)(c a)

end in ftD e proved the strongerX
(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 (a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 + + 2 2 2 c a b a2 b2 c2

etting
x=
e get x + y + z + xyz = 0 e hve
bc ca ca ,y = ,z = a b b
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = (x + y + z )2 2(xy + yz + zx) = x2 y 2 z 2 2(xy + yz + zx)

e hveX
a, b, c 0,
e hve
xy + yz + zx 0
nd x2 + y 2 + z 2 x2 y 2 z 2 or
(b c)2 (c a)2 (a b)2 (a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 + + a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2

nd the inequlities is true if nd only xy + yz + zx 0D nd then
(b c)2 (c a)2 (a b)2 (a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 + + a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2

e hve xy + yz + zx k (x + y + z )2 , k =
1 3
is the estF end
x2 + y 2 + z 2 2(xy + yz + zx) x2 y 2 z 2
o in inequlities
2(x + y + z )2 r2 = 3 3
(b c)2 (c a)2 (a b)2 (a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 + + a2 b2 c2 ka2 b2 c2

1 nd k = 3 is estF PVSF rove thtX
2(a2 + b2 ) 2(b2 + c2 ) 2(c2 + a2 ) (a c)2 + + 3 + (a + b)2 (b + c)2 (c + a)2 a2 + b2 + c2

PHW
e n write it intoX
(a c)2 (a b)2 2 2 (a + b) a + b2 + c2
sing gD e hveX
LHS
@fy ewEqwAF
(a c)2 (a c)2 + 2 2 (a + b) + (b + c) (a + c)2
4(a c)2 RHS (a + b)2
PVTF qive a, b, c > 0 nd ab + bc + ca = 3F rove thtX
1 1 + (a + b)3 1
1 1 + (b + c)3 1
1 1 + (a + c)3 1
3 2
SolutionX
1 + x3 = (1 + x)(1 x + x2 ) (1 +
let x = a + b, x = b + c, x = c + a De getX
x2 2 ) 2
1 + (a + b)3 1 1 +
end finllyDe need to prove X
(a + b)2 (a + b)2 1= 2 2
1 1 1 3 + + (a + b)2 (b + c)2 (c + a)2 4

or his is irn WTF PVUF vet a, b, c e positive numers suh thtX ab + bc + ca + abc = 4F rove thtX
1 1 9 1 + + 2 2 2 ( a + b) (b + c) (c + a) 4(ab + bc + ca)
a c b a+b+c + + c+a b+c a+b 2
SolutionX
fy rorder e hve X
(
e hve to prove tht X
a ) 2 .( b+c
a(b + c)) (a + b + c)3
a + b + c ab + bc + ca
ith a, b, c e positive numers suh thtX ab + bc + ca + abc = 4 it is wy IWWTF e hve doneF PVVF qiven a, b, c 0F rove thtX
a2
a2 b2 c2 ab + bc + ca + 2 + 2 + 2 2 2 2 + ab + b b + bc + c c + ca + a2 a + b2 + c2
SolutionX
a2 b2 c2 ab + bc + ca + + + 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 a + ab + b b + bc + c c + ca + a a + b2 + c2
PIH
<=> 2
ab + ac + bc a2 + b2 + c2
cyc
a2
a2 (ab + ac + bc) (a5 c a3 c2 b) = 2 . 2 + ab + c (a + b2 + c2 ) (a2 + ab + b2 )
it is esy y ewEqw 9s inequlityD rove tht work for rederF PVVF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht ab + bc + ca = 3F rove tht 3 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) >= 2( a + b + b + c + c + a) 6 2
SolutionX
pirst D e prove the left ineq F etting Xx = ab; y = bc; z = ca => x + y + z = 3 fy uhyEshwrz D e need to prove X
9(x + y )(y + z )(z + x) 8(x + y + z )(xy + yz + zx)@ightA

D xextD e prove the right ineq X fy emEqm D e need to prove X
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8 <=> 3(a + b + c) abc 8@ight euse ab + bc + ca = 3A

PVWF vet x, y, z > 0F rove tht X
3( x(x + y )(x + z ) +
y (y + z )(y + x) +
z (z + x)(z + y ))2 4(x + y + z )3
SolutionX
fy guhyEhwrz ineq D e hve X
LHS 3(x + y + z )(
hen e prove tht X
x2 + yz + zx + xy )
4(x + y + z )2 3[(x + y + z )2 + xy + yz + zx] (x y )2 0
PVWF vet a, b, c 0 suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove thtX
(a2 b + b2 c + c2 a) + 2(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 ) + 3abc 12
SolutionX
use this ineq X
a, b, c 0; a + b + c = 3 a2 b + b2 c + c2 a + abc 4
it is inequlity eutifl fmous nd eutifulF PWIF D vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = abcF rove thtX
(1 + a2 )(1 + b2 ) +
(1 + b2 )(1 + c2 ) +
(1 + c2 )(1 + a2 ) 4 +
(1 + a2 )(1 + b2 )(1 + c2 )
SolutionX
etting Xa =
1 x2 ; b
1 y2 ; c
1 z2
fy emEqm e hve X
(x2 + z 2 )(y 2 + z 2 ) (xy + z 2 )2

PII
<=>
it is true y ewEqw F FiFh PWPF vet a, b, c 0F rove tht
a2 b + b2 a 6abc
(a + b + c)3 + abc
ab + bc + ca 28 a2 + b2 + c2
SolutionX
fy ewEqw inequlityD e get
3abc
(ab + bc + ca)2 a+b+c
3(a + b + c)4 + (ab + bc + ca)2
ab + bc + ca 28 a2 + b2 + c2
xotie tht @y ewEqw inequlity for two numersA
(a + b + c)2 + 3(ab + bc + ca)
ab + bc + ca 2(a + b + c) 6 2 2 2 a +b +c 3 (ab + bc + ca)2 (a2 + b2 + c2 )
nd @ewEqw inequlity for three numersA
(ab + bc + ca) (ab + bc + ca) (a2 + b2 + c2 )

hus
1 (a + b + c)6 27
(a + b + c)2 + 3(ab + bc + ca)
ab + bc + ca 2(a + b + c) =2 a2 + b2 + c2 1 6 (a + b + c)6 3 27
3(a + b + c)4 (a + b + c)2 + 26 2 (ab + bc + ca) 3(ab + bc + ca)

it is true euse
3(a + b + c)4 9(a + b + c)2 (a + b + c)2 26(a + b + c)2 (a + b + c)2 = + + 26 2 (ab + bc + ca) ab + bc + ca 3(ab + bc + ca) 3(ab + bc + ca) 3(ab + bc + ca)
e hve doneF PWQF vet a, b, c 0F rove tht
b c 3 a + + b(a2 + 2b2 ) c(b2 + 2c2 ) a(c2 + 2a2 ) ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
a= 1 1 1 ,b = ,c = , a b c
the inequlity eomes
b2 3 c(2a2 + b2 ) a+b+c
PIP
fy the guhy hwrz inequlityD e get
LHS
b2 c(2a2
a2 )2 + b2 )
( a5 +
a2 )2 (
a) 3 a3 b2 + 2
b2 c(2a2 + b2 ) a2 b3 2 a4 b + 4 a2 b2 c
ab4 + 2
fy the ewEqw inequlityD e get
a5 + ab4 + a3 b2 +
a3 b2 = a2 b3 =
a3 (a2 + b2 ) 2 (ab4 + c2 a3 ) 2
a4 b a2 b2 c a2 b2 c
a2 b3 =
a3 (b2 + c2 ) 2
a3 bc 2
edding up these inequlitiesD e get the resultF PWRF vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht
3a 3b 3c 1 1 1 + + 2 + + a b c a + 2bc b2 + 2ca c2 + 2ab
SolutionX
the inequlity is equivlent to X
(a b)2 (
he inequlity is equlivent with
c(a b)2 + ab(a + b + c) )0 (a3 + 2abc)(b3 + 2abc)
(ab + bc + ca) a2 + 2bc abc
b2 + 2ca
c2 + 2ab
3a b2 + 2ca
c2 + 2ab
fy setting q = ab + bc + ca, r = abc nd ssume a + b + c = 1 e hve
3a b2 + 2ca a2 + 2bc
o the inequlity eomes
c2 + 2ab = 6q 2 27rq
b2 + 2ca
c2 + 2ab = 2q 3 + 27r2 18rq + 4r
q 2q 3 + 27r2 18rq + 4r r 6q 2 27rq 27a2 b2 c2 + 2abc + (ab + bc + ca) 12abc (ab + bc + ca) 0
o e need to prove tht
3
27a2 b2 c2 + 2abc + (ab + bc + ca) 12abc (ab + bc + ca)

fut it9s esyD y ewEqw e hve
abc = abc (a + b + c) 3abc (ab + bc + ca)

PIQ
27a2 b2 c2 + abc + (ab + bc + ca) 9abc (ab + bc + ca)

etting
a=
1 1 1 ,b = ,c = , a b c
a 3abc 3
2a2
1 + bc
a(a2 bc) 0 2a2 + bc 2a2 a3 + bc a
fy the guhy hwrz inequlityD e get
2a2
( a2 )2 a3 + bc 2 a3 + 3abc
3(
a2 )2 (
a)(2
a3 + 3abc)
essume a + b + c = 1D setting q = ab + bc + ca, r = abcD the inequlity eomes
3(1 2q )2 2 6q + 9r
ine q 2 3rD it suffies to show
3(1 2q )2 2 6q + 3q 2 3 12q + 12q 2 2 6q + 3q 2 (1 3q )2 0

PWSX vet a, b, c 0 suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove tht
a2
a3 + + 8 b2
b2
b3 + + 8c2
c2
c3 1 + 8 a2
SolutionX
fy emEqm De hve X
LHS
e need to prove X
6a2 9a + a2 + 8b2 a2 )2 3 <=> 2( <=>
6( a2 )2 3(b + c)a3 + 4a4 + 8b2 a2 a2 )2
6(
(b + c)a3 + 4( a2 )2 3
(b + c)a3
(a b)2 (a2 ab + b2 ) 0
FiFh PWTF vet a, b, c 0F rove tht
(a + b + c)3 + abc
ab + bc + ca 28 a2 + b2 + c2
PIR
y ewEqw e hve X
3
a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + b2 + c2 2 + ab + ac + bc 3(ab + ac + bc) 3 = 3(a + b + c)2 ab + ac + bc
so X
3
ab + ac + bc ab + ac + bc a2 + b2 + c2 3(a + b + c)2
now e hve to prove X
(a + b + c)3 ab + ac + bc 28 + abc 3(a + b + c)2
sine the inequlity is homogenous ssume tht X a + b + c = 1 so e hve to prove X 1 1 + (ab + ac + bc) 28 abc 3 y shur e hve X 1 9 abc ab + ac + bc so e hve to prove X
(ab + ac + bc)2 + 27 84(ab + ac + bc)

1 F wih is true euse ab + ac + bc 3
vyq ssume a + b + c = 3D put t = ab + bc + ca => a2 + b2 + c2 = 9 2t t t 27 27 27 3 + 3 + + 3 a2 b2 c2 @y ewEqwA LSH = abc abc 3 abc t.t.(9 2t)
1 2 1 5 2 1 3 (3 a2 b2 c2 + 2 ) + (27 ) + 27 = 28 3 abc 3 abc 3 3 @y ewEqwA ab FiFh 3 Be nother resultDsme SolutionX = (a + b + c)3 + abc ab + bc + ca 28 while a, b, c > 0 a2 + b2 + c2
Bome generl prolemsX vet DDbHF pind the est onstnt of k for inequlitisX
1/ 2/
PWUF vet a, b, c 0F rove tht
(a + b + c)3 ab + bc + ca k +( 2 ) 28 abc a + b2 + c 2 ab + bc + ca 27 + k a2 + b2 + c2
(a + b + c)3 +k abc
a3
a3 b3 c3 1 + 3 + 3 3 3 + ( a + b) b + (b + c) c + (c + a)3 3
SolutionX
vet a + b + c = 3D e get a < 3D note tht
a3 1 4 1 (a 3)(a 1)2 ( a 1) = 0 a3 + (3 a)3 9 9 3 a2 3a + 3

PIS
enother Solution X
a3
a2 a3 ( 2 )2 3 + (b + c) a + b2 + c 2
PWVF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht abc = 1F rove thtX
a 1 a3 + 2
SolutionX
fy ewEqw e hveX
a3 + 1 + 1 3a =>
end here is our SolutionX y ewEqw e hveX
3
a3
1 a 3. = 1 +2 3
ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca 2 , 2 2 2 a +b +c a + b2 + c2 abc (ab + bc + ca)2 , 3(a + b + c)
ndX
so e hve to prove thtX
3(a + b + c)4 ab + bc + ca + 2 28, 2 (ab + bc + ca) a + b2 + c2

e put a + b + c = x nd ab + ac + bc = y with x y D so e find tht e hve to prove thtX 3x3 + 12x2 y 16xy 2 + y 3 0, whih is only ewEqwF PWWF e nother resultDsme SolutionX
(a + b + c)3 + abc
ab + bc + ca 28 while a, b, c > 0 a2 + b2 + c2
SolutionX
IF e hve then
ab + bc + ca 1 a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca 2 a2 + b2 + c2 a + b2 + c2
oD e only need to prove tht
ab + bc + ca (a + b + c)3 + 2 28 abc a + b2 + c2
o prove this inequlityD e n use the known (ab + bc + ca)2 3abc(a + b + c)F nd so e only need to prove ab + bc + ca 3(a + b + c)4 + 2 28 (ab + bc + ca)2 a + b2 + c2
PIT
o prove this inequlityD e just setting x =
ab+bc+ca a2 +b2 +c2 2
1D then it eomes
1 +2 x
+ x 28
3(1 + 2x)2 + x3 28x2 x3 16x2 + 12x + 3 0 (x 1)(x2 15x 3) 0

whih is true sine x 1F PF vyq ssume a + b + c = 3D put
3 t = ab + bc + ca 3 a2 b2 c2 => a2 + b2 + c2 = 9 2t LSH = 27 + abc t3 27 + t.t.(9 2t) abc t3 27 26 1 + abc = + + abc 28 27 abc abc abc
QHHF vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht
a2 b2 c2 + + b c a
a3 + b3 + a+b
b3 + c3 + b+c
c3 + a3 c+a
SolutionX
sing the lemm
a2 15(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 3 (a + b + c) b 2(a + b + c) 2
nd the guhy hwrz inequlityD e get
a3 + b3 = a+b
a2 ab + b2
3(2
a2
a)
15(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 3 (a + b + c) 2(a + b + c) 2
3(2
a2
ab)
1 D e hve to prove essume a + b + c = 1 nd setting x = ab + bc + ca 3
15 3 (1 2x) )2 3(2(1 2x) x) 2 2 (6 15x)2 3(2 5x) 36 180x + 225x2 6 15x 30 165x + 225x2 0 10 55x + 75x2 0 2 11x + 15x2 0 (1 3x)(2 5x) 0
PIU
QHIF D vet a, b, c 0 suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 3F rove tht
a b c + + 1 4a 4b 4c
SolutionX
a 1 4a 1 a 2(a2 1) + 3 4a 9 0
cyc
cyc
cyc
(a 1)2 (2 a) 0. 4a
FiFh QHPF vet a, b, c 0F rove tht
a3
b3 c3 1 a3 + 3 + 3 3 3 + ( a + b) b + (b + c) c + (c + a)3 3
SolutionX
it is equivlent to
1 1 with klm = 1 3 1 + (1 + k ) 3
yz x2
xow mke the sutitution k =
nd now e hve to prove tht
1 x6 6 2 3 x + (x + yz ) 3
fy guhy wrtz e hve
x6 x6 + (x2 + yz )3
o e hve to prove tht
(x3 + y 3 + z 3 )2 x6 + (x2 + yz )3
(x3 + y 3 + z 3 )2 1 6 2 3 3 x + (x + yz )
x6 + y 6 + z 6 + 5(x3 y 3 + y 3 z 3 + z 3 x3 ) 3xyz (x3 + y 3 + z 3 ) + 9x2 y 2 z 2

fy ewEqw e hve
x6 + x3 y 3 + x3 z 3 3x4 yz
nd similr for the others nd lso y ewEqw
3(x3 y 3 + y 3 z 3 + z 3 x3 ) 9x2 y 2 z 2
QHQF vet a, b, c 0 suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove tht
b2 c2 a2 + + b+c c+a a+b 2
9 3(ab + bc + ca)
SolutionX
a2 b2 c2 + + b+c c+a a+b 2
PIV
9 3(ab + bc + ca)

cyc
a2 b+c b+c 4
(a + b + c)2 2 3(ab + bc + ca)
a+b+c 2
cyc
2(a + b + c) a + b + c 3(ab + ac + bc) (2a b c)(2a + b + c) b+c 3(ab + ac + bc)

cyc
(a b)(2a + b + c) (c a)(2a + b + c) b+c b+c 2(a + b + c) (a b)2
3(ab + ac + bc) + (a + b + c) 3(ab + ac + bc) (a b)(2a + b + c) (a b)(2b + a + c) b+c a+c (a b)2

cyc
cyc
2(a + b + c)
3(ab + ac + bc) + (a + b + c) 3(ab + ac + bc)
(a b)2 Sc 0,
Sc =
vet
1 1 . (a + c)(b + c) 3(ab + ac + bc) + (a + b + c) 3(ab + ac + bc) a b c.T henSb 0, Sc 0and(a c)2 (b c)2 .
husD
(a b)2 Sc (a c)2 Sb + (b c)2 Sa (b c)2 (Sb + Sa ) 0,

cyc
whih is true euse Sb + Sa 0
a + b + 2c 2 , whih oviously. (a + b)(a + c)(b + c) 3(ab + ac + bc) + (a + b + c) 3(ab + ac + bc)
QHRF vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht
b c 1 1 1 a + 2+ 2 + + b2 c a a2 ab + b2 b2 bc + c2 c2 ca + a2
SolutionX
IFAxotie tht y the ewEqwD e hve
a b2
1 a
1 a
fy the guhy hwrz inequlityD e hve
1 a2 ab + b2
fy ewEqwD e hve
1 2 a ab + b2
1 ab
a2
ab ab + b2
a2
ab 3 ab + b2 1 a
2
1 1 ab 3
PIW
wultiplying these inequlitiesD e n get the resultF PA pirst y rolder e hve
b c a + 2+ 2 2 b c a
end y guhy hwrz e hve
(ab + bc + ca) (a + b + c)
it suffies us to show tht
a2
1 ab + b2
1 a2 ab + b2
(a + b + c)
3 2
(ab + bc + ca)
1 a2 ab + b2
essume a + b + c = 1 nd q = ab + bc + ca, r = abc then e hve
a2 ab + b2 = 3q 3 + q 2 + 10rq 8r2 3r a2 ab + b2
the inequlity equlivents to
b2 bc + c2 = 7q 2 5q 2r + 1
f (r) = 8r2 + 6q 4 + 10q 3 r 21q 6 + 15q 5 3q 4 3q 3 + q 2 0

e see tht if
q 0, 2954then6q 4 + 10q 3 0
with the lemm
r
e hve
q 2 (1 q ) 2 (2 3q )
f (r) f
q 2 (1 q ) 2 (2 3q )
360q 8 + 744q 7 574q 6 + 176q 5 + 3q 4 13q 3 + 2q 2 2 (2 3q )

2
1 xote tht q 3 so the inequlity hs provedF if q 0, 294 then e see tht
f (r) min f (0) , f

xote tht when r =
1 27
1 27
1 e hve q 2 3pr q 3 F o q must e 1 3F
WPD vet a, b, c 0F rove tht
a2 b2 c2 + + b+c c+a a+b 2

fy guhy hwrz e hve
9 3 (ab + bc + ca)
a2 b+c
a2
a2 b+c
PPH
end y rolder e hve
a2 b+c
o it suffies us to show tht
a2
a2 b+c
a2 a2 (b + c)) (
a2 )
9 2 3 (ab + bc + ca)
etting q = ab + bc + ca, r = abc e rewrite the inequlity
3q (9 2q ) 9 (3q 3r)
9 fy hur inequlity e hve r max 0, 4q3 9 if q 4 r 0 then e need to show
3q (9 2q ) 27q
(q 6, 75) (q 2, 701) 0
he inequlity hs provedF in the other wy if q
9 4
4 q 9 3
then e need to show tht
3q (9 2q ) 9 (9 q )
(q 3) (q 0, 0885) (q 5, 487) 0
whih is true so e hve doneF he equlity holds if a = b = cF QHSF vet a, b, c 0 nd ab + bc + ca = 3F rove tht
a + b + c abc + 2
a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 3
SolutionX
etting p = a + b + c nd r = abc then the inequlity eomes
pr
9 2pr 3
3p2 4pr + 3r2 9 0 = 4p2 3 3p2 9 = 27 5p2 0

end the equlity does not holdF QHTF vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht abc = 1F rove tht
1 1 1 2 + + + 1 (1 + a)2 (1 + b)2 (1 + c)2 (1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c)
SolutionX
e use the ft tht if a, b 1 or a, b 1 hene e hve X(a 1)(b 1) 0 this men tht X ab + 1 a + b heneX
2 2 c = (1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c) (1 + c)(1 + ab + a + b) (1 + c)2

PPI
ut e lso hve X
1 1 ab(a b)2 + (1 + ab)2 1 c + = + (a + 1)2 (1 + b)2 (ab + 1)(a + 1)2 (b + 1)2 ab + 1 c+1
thus e hve X
LHS
etting X
c c 1 + = 1 = RHS + 2 c + 1 (c + 1) (c + 1)2 1 1 1 ; yz = ; zx = 2 2 (1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c)2
xy =
xextD use ontrtditionF e need to prove X
(4
hih is true y emEqmF
mn 1) 1 (n + p)(m + p)
QHUF vet a, b, c 0Y ab + bc + ca = 3F rove thtX
1 1 1 3 + + a2 + 1 b2 + 1 c2 + 1 2
e will prove it r pqr
<=> p2 12 + 3r2 2pr

if p2 12(1)D esy to prove tht X
RHS 12 LHS
if p2 12 De hve X
p(12 p2 ) 9
<=> (12 p2 )(p4 + 24p2 27) 0

vet p = a + b + c, q = ab + bc + c = 3, r = abc
LHS =
q 2 2pr + 2p2 4q + 3 (q 1)2 + (p r)2
3 2p2 2pr 3 q 2 2pr + 2p2 4q + 3 (q 1)2 + (p r)2 2 4 + (p r)2 2 4p2 4pr 12 + 3(p r)2 = 12 + 3p2 6pr + 3r2 p2 + 2pr 12 + 3r2
from emEqw Y
(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) 9abc p 3r pr 3r2

from emEqm Y
p2 q + 3pr 4q 2 p2 + pr 12 p2 + 2pr 12 + 3r2

PPP
LHS
QHVF vet a, b, c > 0F rove thtX
3 2
(a2 + b2 + c2 )(a4 + b4 + c4 ) ((a b)(b c)(c a))2
SolutionX
LHS = (
cyc
c2 )(
cyc
(a2 )2 ) (a2 c + ab2 + bc2 )2 (a2 c + ab2 + bc2 (b2 c + a2 b + ac2 ))2 = RHS
feuseX
a2 c + b2 a + c2 b a2 b b2 c c2 a = (b a)(c a)(c b)
FiFh QHW D por a, b, c rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 1F rove tht
27 1 2 1+a 10
SolutionX
<=> 3 a2 2 2 a + ( a + b + c) 10
e hve X(a + b + c)2 (|a| + |b| + |c|)2 etting Xx = |a|; y = |b|; z = |c| essume tht Xx + y + z = 1 fy uhyEshwrz De need to prove X
10(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )2 3(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) + 3 <=> 17q 2 11q 6r + 2 0

fy emEqm e hve Xr
q 9
x4
LHS 17q 2 11q

FiFh
2q 2 + 2 = (3q 1)(17q 6) 0 3 3
QIH D pind the mximum k = const the inequlity is right
a b c + + +1 b+c a+c b+a
a2 + b2 + c2 25 + k ab + bc + ac 4
SolutionX
ry a = b; c = 0D e hve X 11 4 k o prove X if a, b, c 0 then X
a 11 a2 + b2 + c2 11 25 + 1)2 . + b+c 4 ab + bc + ca 4 4
a, b, c 0 nd no two of whih re zero F rove tht X ( a b c 11(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 7 + + + 1)2 + b+c c+a a+b 4(ab + bc + ca) 2
PPQ
essume tht Xa + b + c = 1
<=> (
1 q + 2r 2 11 ) 2 qr 4q .4q 1
e prove X
11 (1 q )2 2 q2 4q (4q 1)(3q 4) 0
@ight euse
1 ) 4 .4q 1
se shurD e hve X
r
e prove tht X
4q 1 q7 2 LHS ( ) 9 5q + 1 ( q7 2 11 ) 2 5q + 1 4q
(3q 1)(17q 11)(4q 1) 0

hih is ovious true euse
1 1 q 3 4
QIIF vet a, b, c re positive numers suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove tht
cyc
a 1 b2 + 2c
SolutionX
b2 a 1 (a + b + c)2 2 1 2 2 + 2c ab + bc + ca + 2(ab + bc + ca) <=> a2 + b2 + c2 ab2 + bc2 + ca2
he lst is equivlent toX
cyc
(a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 3(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 )

whih is lwys true
a3 +
a2 b 2
ab2
.Lemma : a + b + c = 3; a, b, c 0 => ab2 + bc2 + ca2 + abc 4 9 LHS ab2 + 2 ab
PPR
e need to prove tht X
9(
se this lemm nd shur
ab2 + abc) + 2
ab abc
(abc
etting Xx = ab + bc + ca
4(ab + bc + ca) 9 ) 3 4(ab + bc + ca) 9 3
5 + abc 5 +
e hve to proveX 3 (
ab)F hih is ovious trueF
QIPF vet a, b, c > 0 nd a2 + b2 + c2 = 3F rove tht
1 1 a3 + 2
SolutionX
1 1 3 a +2
cyc
cyc
1 1 a2 1 + a3 + 2 3 6
a2 (a + 2)(a 1)2 0. a3 + 2
e prove it y ontrtdition he ineq equivlent to X
4 a3 b3 c3 +
a3 b3
fy ontrtditionD e must prove this ineqX if a, b, c 0 sfity thtX
4 = abc + ab + bc + ca.then :
ixist m, p, n 0 sfity tht X
(ab) 3 3
a=
o e must prove X
2m 2n 2p ;b = ;c = . n+p m+p m+n 2a 2 ) 3 b+c
(3
FiFh
QIQF D rolem if a, b, c nd d re positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c + d = 4F rove tht
a b c d + + + 2 2 2 2 1 + b c 1 + c d 1 + d a 1 + a2 b
SolutionX
a (a + b + c + d)2 2 1+b c a + b + c + d + ab2 c
rene it remins to show tht
ab2 c + bc2 d + cd2 a + da2 b 4

PPS
e hve
ab2 c + bc2 d + cd2 a + da2 b = (ab + cd)(ad + bc) (a + c)(b + d) 2

2
ab + bc + cd + da 2
4
1 4
a+b+c+d 2
=4
e similr prolem posted in the sme topiD proven in similr wy s illY ut the Solution isn9t quite ovious t first glneX QIRF D rolem vet a, b, c nd d e nonEnegtive numers suh tht a + b + c + d = 4F rove tht
a2 bc + b2 cd + c2 da + d2 ab 4
Solution he left side of this inequlity nnot e ftorized s e did in the previous oneF
fut e do see tht it n e written s
ac(ab + cd) + bd(ad + bc) 4

i9d e done if e ould mke ab + cd pper on the left insted of ad + bcF o let9s ssume tht ad + bc ab + cdF hen e hve
ac(ab + cd) + bd(ad + bc) (ac + bd)(ab + cd) (a + d)(b + c) 2

2
ac + bd + ab + cd 2
4
1 4
a+b+c+d 2
=4
nd i9re done3 xow it remins to del with the se ab + cd ad + bcF fut due to the symmetry in the expression this se is esily delt with in extly the sme wyX
ac(ab + cd) + bd(ad + bc) (ac + bd)(ad + bc) (a + b)(c + d) 2

2
ac + bd + ad + bc 2
4
1 4
a+b+c+d 2
=4
hus e re done3 ome hrder prolemsX QISF IA if a, b, c re three positive rel numers suh tht ab + bc + ca = 1D prove tht
3
1 + 6b + a
1 + 6c + b
1 1 + 6a c abc
Solution
xote tht rene our inequlity eomes
3
7ab + bc + ca 1 + 6b = a a 1 (abc) 3
2
bc(7ab + bc + ca)
prom rolder9s inequlity e hve

3
bc(7ab + bc + ca)
bc
rene it remins to show tht
9(a + b + c)2 (ab + bc + ca)
1 [3abc(a + b + c)]2 (ab + bc + ca)4 (abc)2

PPT
hih is oviously true sine
(ab + bc + ca)2 3abc(a + b + c)
a2 (b c)2 0
PAhow tht for ll positive rel numers D nd the following inequlity holdsX
(b + c)(a4 b2 c2 ) (c + a)(b4 c2 a2 ) (a + b)(c4 a2 b2 ) + + 0. ab + ac + 2bc bc + ba + 2ca ca + cb + 2ab

olutionX ithout loss of generlityD ssume tht a b c. ine a4 b2 c2 0 nd
ab + ac + 2bc bc + ba + 2ca,
we hve
(b + c)(a4 b2 c2 ) (b + c)(a4 b2 c2 ) . ab + ac + 2bc bc + ba + 2ca

imilrlyD sine c4 a2 b2 0 nd ca + cb + 2ab bc + ba + 2ca, we hve
(a + b)(c4 a2 b2 ) (a + b)(c4 a2 b2 ) . ca + cb + 2ab bc + ba + 2ca

(b + c)(a4 b2 c2 ) (c + a)(b4 c2 a2 ) (a + b)(c4 a2 b2 ) + + 0, bc + ba + 2ca bc + ba + 2ca bc + ba + 2ca

bc(b + c)(b c)2 + ca(c + a)(c a)2 + ab(a + b)(a b)2 0.

he proof is ompletedF iqulity ours if nd only if a = b = c. QF
a b c + + 3 b c a
a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca
2/3
roofX vet a + b + c = 3u, ab + ac + bc = 3v 2 @ where v > 0 AD abc = w3 nd

3
a2 + b2 + c2 = p. ab + ac + bc
hen p 1, u2 =
p3 +2 2 3 v
nd
a b c + + 3 b c a
cyc 2
a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca
2/3
cyc
a2 c 3p2 w3 (a2 b a2 c)
(a2 b + a2 c) 6p2 w3 +
cyc 3 2 3
9uv 3w 6p w + (a b)(a c)(b c).

fut 9uv 2 3w3 6p2 w3 is true euse
(a b)2 (a c)2 (b c)2 0 w6 2(3uv 2 2u3 )w3 + 4v 6 3u2 v 4 0,

PPU
whih gives
w3 3uv 2 2u3 + 2
husD we need to prove here tht
(u2 v 2 )3 .
3uv 2 (1 + 2p2 )(3uv 2 2u3 + 2

fut
(u2 v 2 )3 ).
3uv 2 (1 + 2p2 )(3uv 2 2u3 + 2 3 (1 + 2p2 ) 3 2(p3 + 2) +2 3
(u2 v 2 )3 ) (p3 1)3 9(p3 + 2)
(p 1)2 (2p6 + p5 + p4 3p3 p2 + 2p + 1) 0,

whih is oviousF reneD enough to prove tht
9uv 2 3w3 6p2 w3 +

fut
(a b)2 (a c)2 (b c)2 .
9uv 2 3w3 6p2 w3 +
(a b)2 (a c)2 (b c)2
(3uv 2 (1 + 2p2 )w3 )2 3(w6 + 2(3uv 2 2u3 )w3 4v 6 + 3u2 v 4 ) (1 + p2 + p4 )w6 3(2uv 2 u3 + uv 2 p2 )w3 + 3v 6 0 (1 + p2 + p4 )w6 3(2 p3 + 2 + p2 ) 3 p3 + 2 3 3 v w + 3v 6 0 3 p3 + 2 3 3 v w + 3v 6 0. 3
(1 + p2 + p4 )w6 (4 + 3p2 p3 )
por t 1 we otinX
4 + 3p2 p3 0 p 3.356...
sd estD for p 3.357 the originl inequlity is provedF vet 1 p < 3.357. husD it remins to prove tht
(4 + 3p p )
p3 + 2 3
12(1 + p2 + p4 ) 0,
(p 1)2 (p7 4p6 2p4 + 8p3 8p 4) 0,

whih is true for ll
1 p < 3.357.
RF vet DD bHDF etting
M = max
rove tht olutionX
a b c + + 3 b c a
,8 1
ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2
a2 b2 c2 a b c M + 2+ 2 + + + 2 b c a b c a 3
PPV
pirst sneq X
b2 c2 a b a2 c 1 + 2+ 2 + + + 2 b c a b c a 3
roofX vet
a b c + + 3 b c a
X=
2 reneDX 3DLHS 1 3X
a b c + + b c a
1 2 1 X X + (X 3)2 3 3 X 2 3X + X 2 6X + 9 3X 9
ht is trueF eond sneq X
4 cyc (a b)2 b2 c2 a b a2 c + + + + + b2 c2 a2 b c a 3(a2 + b2 + c2 )
roof X xotie tht

2 cyc (a b) 3(a2 + b2 + c2 )
cyc
4(a b)2 =4 3(a2 + b2 )
cyc
8ab 3(a2 + b2 )
xow it suffies to prove tht
cyc
a2 + b2
cyc
3(a2
8ab + b2 )
cyc
a +4 b
sing ewEqw
(1)
2 3
a2 + b2 4ab + 2 b2 a + b2 (2) 1 3 a2 +2 b2 a b
2 3 a b
a b
SF sf a, b, c re positive rel numersD then
a a+ (a + 2b)(a + 2c)
olutionX xow we prove this ineqX
b b+ (b + 2c)(b + 2a)
c c+ (c + 2a)(c + 2b)
3 . 4
a a+ (a + 2b)(a + 2c)
a a + 4(a + b) 4(a + c)
(2a + b + c)(a +
henote xotie tht x + y 2 ewriteX
(a + 2b)(a + 2c)) 4(a + b)(a + c)
a+b a+c = x, =y a a
(x + y )(1 + x+y
(2x 1)(2y 1) 4xy (2x 1)(2y 1)
4xy x+y1 x+y

PPW
(x y )2 (
xotie X
1 x+y x+y1+
1 (2x 1)(2y 1)
)0
x+y1+
(2x 1)(2y 1) x + y
(2x 1)(2y 1) 1 2xy x + y
2(a + b)(a + c) a(2a + b + c) ab + ac + 2bc 0

whih is true F o this ineq is trueF imilrlyD dd these ineqs D we hve FiFh QITF rolem vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht a + b + c = 1F rove tht 1 a2 + abc b2 + abc c2 + abc + + c + ab a + bc b + ca 2 abc
Solution
xote tht
a2 + abc = c + ab
a(c + a)(a + b) (b + c)(c + a)
herefore our inequlity is equivlent to a2 + abc = c + ab fy ewEqwD
a(c + a)(a + b) (b + c)(c + a)
a(c + a)(a + b) a+b+c (b + c)(c + a) 2 abc 1 a(a + b) bc(c + a)(a + b) (a + b + c)(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 2
xow
a(c + a)(a + b) a+b+c (b + c)(c + a) 2 abc 1 a(a + b) bc(c + a)(a + b) (a + b + c)(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 2 whih ws wht e wntedF enother one with squreEroots nd frtionsF QIUF vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht 2a + b+c 2b + c+a 2c a+b 3 c a b + + b c a
Solution
prom guhyEhwrz inequlity e hve
a = b+c
a(a + b)(c + a) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
a) ( a2 + 3 bc) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
herefore it remins to show tht
2abc
a2 + 3
bc 3
ab2
a2 b +
ab2 + 2abc
PQH
vet p =
a2 b, q =
ab2 F hen this is equivlent to
2abc(a + b + c)3 + 2abc(p + q + 3abc) 3q (p + q + 2abc) 2abc a3 + 6abc(p + q + 2abc) + 2abc(p + q + 3abc) 3q (p + q + 2abc) a3 + 8abcp + 8abcq + 18(abc)2 3pq + 3q 2 + 6abcq a3 b3 + 3abc a3 b3 + abc a3 + 9(abc)2 + 3q 2 a3 + 3q 2
2abc 2abc
a3 + 8abcp + 2abcq + 18(abc)2 3 8abcp + 2abcq + 9(abc)2 3
xow verify tht
q 2 3abcp
a2 b4 abc
a2 b
b2 (ab c2 )2 0
whih is oviously trueF hus q 2 3abcp nd q 2 3abcq @the ltter follows diretly from ewEqwAD whih imply 3q 2 8abcp + abcq F herefore it remins to show tht
abcq + 9(abc)2 3
a3 b3 + abc
a3
whih follows from dding the following inequlitiesD of whih the former follows from ewE qw nd the ltter from errngementX
a3 b3 9(abc)2 abc
a3 abcq
rene e re doneF FiFh in the Solutions to the lst few prolemsD one my rise the questionX why do e rek up the squreEroots in tht speifi wyc por exmple in the fourth prolem one ould pply ewEqw for nd (c+a)(a+b) insted of b(c+a)andc(a+b)F rere re our thoughts on thisX while trying to get stronger oundD it9s lwys worth it to end up with form whih is muh lessD s less s possileD thn the upper ound of the prolem @espeilly in these sort of ses while using ewEqw or guhyEhwrzAF rene in ordne with the mjoriztion inequlityD e try to derive n expression where the degrees of the terms minorize s muh s possileF por exmpleD if e used ewEqw for 4bc nd (c + a)(a + b) i9d get [2, 0, 0] nd [1, 1, 0] termsF fut if e use it on b(c + a) nd c(a + b) e get ll [1, 1, 0] termsD whih in the long run ould possily e usefulF he sme ide goes for the other prolems s illFF QIVF IA if a, b, c > 0F show tht X
a 3 b2 + bc + c2 a+b+c
good proX now y s X
a(b2 + bc + c2 ).
it9s enough to show thtX
a b2 + bc + c2
( a) a(b2 + bc + c2 )
3 a
a3
3abc
PQI
FiFh PA qiven DDbHF rove thtX
3(a3 + b3 + c3 ) + 2abc 11 (
a2 + b2 + c2 3 ) 3
SolutionX
a + b + c = x , ab + bc + ca = y , abc = z he inequlity is equivlent to
3x3 9xy + 11z 11
x2 2y 3
f (z ) = 3x3 9xy + 11z 11
x2 2y 3
f (z ) = 0
whih mens f (z ) gets its mximum nd minimum vlues when two of {a, b, c} re equl or one of them is zeroF fy homogeneity there re two sesX
1) c = 0
3 3 11 3 3(a3 + b3 ) (a2 + b2 ) 2 > (a2 + b2 ) 2 2 2 3 3
2) b = c = 1 a2 + 2 3
3
3(a3 + 2) + 2a 11
(a 1)2 (122a4 + 244a3 36a2 + 656a + 4) 0

it is esy to show tht 122a4 + 244a3 36a2 + 656a + 4 > 0 for ll a > 0 nd the Solution is doneF QIWF vet a, b nd c te nonEnegtive numers suh tht ab + ac + bc = 0F rove thtX
b c 1 a + 2 + 2 4b2 + bc + 4c2 4a + ac + 4c2 4a + ab + 4b2 a+b+c
SolutionX
IA sing guhy hwrtsD e need proveX
(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 (a + b + c) 4 <=> a5 + ab(a3 + b3 ) + 2abc

PQP
a2 b2 (a + b) + abc ab 2
a2 a2
a2 b2 (a + b) + abc
sing hur whih degree 5D e hveX
a5 + abc
oD e only need to proveX
a2
ab(a3 + b3 )
ab(a3 + b3 ) + abc
ab
a2 b2 (a + b) + abc
a2
abc ](a b)2 0 2 isily to see tht Sb, Sc, Sa + Sb 0F e hve done <=> [ab(a + b)
PA
LHS
(a3 + b3 + c3 ) 3 a b3 (a + b) + abc
a4
(a3 + b3 + c3 ) (a + b + c) 4
it equivlent toX
a3 b3 (a + b) + abc
a4
a7 + <=>
ab(a5 + b5 ) + 2abc
2
a 2 b2 2
2
a3 b3 (a + b) + abc
a4
(a b)
a5 + b5 c5 2(a + b) abc + 4ab(a + b)(a2 + ab + b2 )
it9s very esily to prove tht
Sc ; Sb ; Sb + Sa > 0if a b c
e hve doneF QPHX D if a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3D then
1 1 1 3 + + (a + b)2 + 6 (b + c)2 + 6 (c + a)2 + 6 10
SolutionX
1 3 2 (a + b) + 6 10
cyc
cyc
cyc
1 1 1 (a 1) 2 (3 a) + 6 10 25
(a 1)2 (5 2a) 0 a2 6a + 15
husD our inequlity is proven for max{a, b, c} 2.5F vet 2.5 < a 3F reneD 0 b + c < 0.5F fut
1 x2 6x + 15
reneD
cyc
6(x2 6x + 7) > 0f or0 x < 0.5. (x2 6x + 15)3 2 1 = a2 6a + 15
1 a2 6a + 15
b+c 2 2
6
PQQ
b+c 2
+ + 15
2
3a 2 2
3a 2
+ + 15
a2
1 8 1 = 2 + 2 6a + 15 a + 6a + 33 a 6a + 15
a2
1 3 8 + 2 + 6a + 33 a 6a + 15 10
whih is equivlent to (a 1)2 (3 a)(a + 5) 0D whih is true for 2.5 < a 3F hone3 QPIF his is the strongest of this form
4b3
1 a 2 3 + abc + 4c a + b2 + c2
SolutionX
fy the wyD the following resoning
cyc
a = 4b3 + abc + 4c3
cyc
a2 (ka + b + c)2 (4b3 a + a2 bc + 4c3 a)(ka + b + c)2

2
gives wrong inequlity
(ka2 + 2ab) (4b3 a + a2 bc + 4c3 a)(ka + b + c)2
(ka2 + 2ab) 1 2 (4b3 a + a2 bc + 4c3 a)(ka + b + c)2 a + b2 + c2

for ll rel kF ou n try to use guhy hwrz like thisD rqdyF
a 4b3 + abc + 4c3
a(4b3 + abc + 4c3 ) (b + c)2
a b+c
QPPF D he following inequlity is true tooF vet a, b nd c re nonEnegtive numers suh tht ab + ac + bc = 0F rove tht
2b3
a3 b3 c3 + 3 + 3 1 3 3 abc + 2c 2a abc + 2c 2a abc + 2b3
where ll denomintors re positiveF
SolutionX
LHS
(a3 + b3 + c3 ) a3 b3 abc(a3 + b3 + c3 )
a6 + abc(a3 + b3 + c3 ) 2
y hur nd ewEqw ineqDe getX
a3 b3
LHS
ab(a4 + b4 ) 2
PQR
a3 b3
e hve done3 elso y
a6 + abc(a3 + b3 + c3 ) 2
e hve X
a3 b3
a3 + b3 + c3 3abc
a6 + 3a2 b2 c2 2
uting a2 = x nd yli e hve hur for n = 3 o
a 3 b3
a6 + 3a2 b2 c2
sym
a4 b2
o e now hve to prove thtX
a4 b2 2
sym
a 3 b3
whih is wuirhed for the triples (4, 2, 0)
(3, 3, 0).....F
QPQF por ll a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersD e hve
a2
b c 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) a + 2 + 2 + 2bc b + 2ca c + 2ab (a + b + c)2
1 1 1 + + a+b b+c c+a
SolutionX
e hve nd
a+b+c a @illEknown resultA a2 + 2bc ab + bc + ca ( a + b + c)2 ( a + b + c)2 1 = b+c a(b + c) 2(ab + bc + ca) a+b+c (a2 + b2 + c2 )( a + b + c)2 , ab + bc + ca (a + b + c)2 (ab + bc + ca)
@guhy hwrzA reneD it suffies to prove tht
or
( a + b + c)2 (a2 + b2 + c2 ) (a + b + c)3 .
vukilyD this is rolder inequlityD nd so it is vlid e need prove thtX
2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (a + b + c)2
1 1 1 + + a+b b+c c+a
a+b+c ab + bc + ac
sing guhy hwrtsD e only need to proveX
2(a2 + b2 + c2 )(ab + bc + ca) (a + b + c). <=> ab(a b)2 0

PQS
ab(a + b)
@oviously truesA e hveX
LHS
e need prove thtX
a+b+c ab + bc + ac a+b+c () ab + bc + ac
2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (a + b + c)2
1 1 1 + + a+b b+c c+a
1 vetX p = a + b + c = 1; q = ab + bc + ac 3 ; r = abc o
() <=>
2(1 2q )(1 + q ) 1 qr q
<=> q 2q 2 4q 3 + r 0
gse IX
q
oX
1 4
1 1 q q 2q 2 4q 3 + r 2q ( q ) + 4q ( q 2 ) + 0 4 16 4 e hve done3 gse PX 1 1 q 3 4 e hveX 4q 1 bychur r 9 oX 9(q 2q 2 4q 3 + r) 9q + 4q 1 18q 2 4q 3 = (1 12q 2 10q )(3q 1) 0
it9s true euse
1 1 q 3 4
QPRD if a, b, c e sidelengths of tringleD then
c b a + + c+a b+c a+b
3(a3 + b3 + c3 ) a + b + c + a2 + b2 + c2 2
SolutionX
fy uhyEswrhzFe hveX
LHS 2 (a + b + c)(
e need prove thtX
a b c + + ) b+c c+a a+b
3(a3 + b3 + c3 ) a + b + c a b c (a + b + c)( + + ) + 2 2 2 a +b +c 2 b+c c+a a+b

e hveX
a b c 1 3(a3 + b3 + c3 ) + + + b+c c+a a+b 2 (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 )
emrkX IA if a, b, c e sidelengths of tringleD then
a b c 1 3(a3 + b3 + c3 ) + + + b+c c+a a+b 2 (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 )

PQT
PAD if a, b, c e sidelengths of tringleD then
a b c 7 a3 + b3 + c3 + + + b+c c+a a+b 6 (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)

QAD if a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersD then
b c 5 3(a3 + b3 + c3 ) a + + + b+c c+a a+b 4 4(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)

QPSF vet a, b, c 0; a + b + c = 1F rove thtX
a + bc 9abc 9 + b+c 4(ab + bc + ac) 4
SolutionX
IA e hveX
a + bc = b+c
(a + b)(a + c) = (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)( b+c
9 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 1 ) . = 2 (b + c) 4 ab + bc + ca
9 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) . 4 (ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c)

ndX FiFh PA ettingX
9 abc 9 abc . = . 4 ab + bc + ca 4 (ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c)
ab + bc + ac = x;
oX
1 1 1 + + =y (a + b)2 (b + c)2 (c + a)2 xy 9 4 x 9
feuseX
a + b + c = 1 => abc
inequlity
9 9 y) 4x 4 x 9 9 LHS xy + ( y) 9 4x 4 8 1 9 <=> xy + 9 4 4 <=> xy + abc(
FiFh QPTF vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numers suh tht max(a, b, c) 4min(a, b, c)F rove tht
2(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)2 9abc(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)
SolutionX
<=> Sa (b c)2 + Sb (c a)2 + Sc (a b)2 0
PQU
ithX
Sa =
4ab + 4ac 5bc 4ab + 4bc 5ac 4bc + 4ac 5ab ; Sb = ; Sc = 36bc(ab + bc + ac) 36ac(ab + bc + ac) 36ab(ab + bc + ac)
B a b c => a 4 c
=> Sa 0; Sb 0; Sa + Sc =
4b(c a)2 + 2ca(2c + 2a b) 0 36abc(ab + bc + ac)
our Solution is oretF in our SolutionD e hve (assuma b c)X
Sa Sb Sc andSb + Sc = 4a(b c)2 + 2bc(2b + 2c a) 0

iqulity holds for a = b = c or a = 4b = 4c FiFh QPUF qiven tht a, b, c 0F rove thtY
a b+c
b c+a
c a+b
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 4(ab + bc + ca)
SolutionX
suppose tht a b cD y rrngement inequlity e hve
b 2 c 2 a 2 ) +( ) +( ) b+c c+a a+b
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 (a + b2 + c2 )[( ) +( ) +( ) ] 3 b+c c+a a+b then it9s only to prove tht (ab + bc + ca)[(
whih is ovious now it equivlent to
1 2 1 2 1 2 9 ) +( ) +( ) ] b+c c+a a+b 4
4abc
cyc
a +4 (b + c)2
a3 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) b+c
fy ewEqw
a 9 2 (b + c) 4(a + b + c)
e only need to prove
9abc +4 a+b+c 9abc + 4

fy ewEqw
a3 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) b+c bc(b + c)
a4 + a3 + b3 + c3 3 b+c a4 a3 + b3 + c3 b+c 2
a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a)

PQV
it9s hur3 QPVF vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numerD no two of whih re zeroF rove tht
(a)
a(2a b c) b(2b c a) c(2c a b) 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + +2 2 2 2 (b + c) (c + a) (a + b) ab + bc + ca a(a b c) b(b c a) c(c a b) 3 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + + (b + c)2 (c + a)2 (a + b)2 2 4(ab + bc + ca)
(b)
QPWF vet e a, b, c > 0 suh tht ab + bc + ca = 1F how tht X
a b c + + 1 2 2 a + b + 1 b + c + 1 c + a2 + 1
SolutionX
feuse hene
a2 + 1 = a2 + bc + ab + ca 2a bc + ab + ca = a( b + c)2 a a + b2 + 1 a =1 a + a ( b + c)
FiFh QQHF IA rove tht for ll a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersD e hve
a2 b2 c2 2 (a + b + c)2 + + b+c c+a a+b 3 ab + bc + ca
a2 b2 c2 + + 2a + b + c 2b + c + a 2c + a + b
PA por ll a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersF rove tht
a4 b4 c4 ab + bc + ca a3 b3 c3 + + + + + 2 2 2 (b + c) (c + a) (a + b) 4 b+c c+a a+b

QA vet a, b, c e sidelengths of tringleF rove tht
cyc
1 3 (a2 + b2 + c2 ) a2 + bc 4
1 1 + a3 b + b3 c + c3 a ab3 + bc3 + ca3
RA if a, b, c e sidelengths of tringleF rove tht
a2
1 1 1 2(a + b + c)2 + 2 + 2 + bc b + ca c + ab 3(a2 + b2 + c2 )
1 1 1 + + (a + b)2 (b + c)2 (c + a)2
SAvet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersF rove tht
a(a + b)(a + c) b(b + c)(b + a) c(c + a)(c + b) (a + b + c)4 + + 3 3 3 (b + c) (c + a) (a + b) 6(ab + bc + ca)2

TAD vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersF rove tht
cyc
(b +
c)(b2
1 4 2 + bc + c ) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
QQIF vet a, b, c e nonEnegtive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove tht
a b c + + 1 a + 2bc b + 2ca c + 2ab

PQW
SolutionX
a b c + + = a + 2bc b + 2ca c + 2ab
from mEgm
cyclic
a2 (a + b + c)2 a2 + 2abc a2 + b2 + c2 + 6abc
(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) 9abc, soab + bc + ca 3abc a2 a2 + b2 + c2 + 6abc (a + b + c)2 2 =1 2 2 + b + c + 6abc a + b2 + c2 + 6abc
FiFh QQPF vet a, b, c e nonEnegtive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove tht
a b c + + 1 2a + bc 2b + ca 2c + ab
SolutionX
a 1 2a + bc
y guhyEhwrz Y
cyclic
cyclic
2a 2 2a + bc
(1
cyclic
2a )1 2a + bc
cyclic
bc = 2a + bc =
cyclic
(bc)2 (ab + bc + ca)2 2abc + b2 c2 6abc + a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2
a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 + 2abc(a + b + c) =1 6abc + a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2
FiFh F QQQF vet a, b, c > 0D
1 a2 +1
= 2F roveX ab + bc + ac 3 2
SolutionX
1 1 1 a2 b2 c2 + + = 2 + + =1 1 + a2 1 + b2 1 + c2 1 + a2 1 + b2 1 + c2
y uhyX
(a2 + 1 + b2 + 1 + c2 + 1)(
a2 b2 c2 3 + + ) (a + b + c)2 (ab + bc + ca) 1 + a2 1 + b2 1 + c2 2
QQRF vet e a, b, c (0, ) suh tht ab + bc + ca = 1F how tht X
9a2 b2 c2 + abc( 1 + a2 +
1 + b2 +
1 + c2 ) 1
SolutionX
e hveX 1 + a2 = (a + b)(a + c)D y ewEqw e hve
LSH 9ab.bc.ca + abc(a + b + b + c + c + a)

PRH
1 2 (ab + bc + ca)3 + (ab + bc + ca)2 = 1 3 3
FiFh QQSF vet a, b, c e the side lengths of tringleF rove tht

3
a2 + b2 + 2c2
b2 + c 2 + 2a2
2a 2b 2c c2 + a2 + + 2 2b b+c c+a a+b
QQTF for ll a, b, c 0 e hve following inequlity
a b c 2 + + (a2 + b2 + c2 ) b+c c+a a+b 3

QQUF vet a, b, c 0F rove the following inequlityX
1 1 1 + + (a + b)2 (b + c)2 (c + a)2
a b c 2 + + (ab + bc + ca) b+c c+a a+b 3
1 1 1 + + (a + b)2 (b + c)2 (c + a)2
SolutionX
3a b+c [ 2ab 2c + ] (a + b)2 a+b 2ab (a + b)2
a b+c
ab + ac 2bc 0 (b + c)2
a b cY ab + ac 2bc bc + ba 2ca ca + cb 2ab 1 1 1 (b + c)2 (c + a)2 (a + b)2

epplying gheyshev inequlityF QQVF vet a, b, c 0F rove the following inequlityX
a b c 2 1 1 1 + + ) (ab + bc + ca)[ + + ] 2 2 b+c c+a a+b (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)2
QQWF D rove tht for ll a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersD e hve
a3 + b3 + c3 + 6abc a2 (b + c) + b2 (c + a) + c2 (a + b) + 2abc
a b c + + b+c c+a a+b
SolutionX
it9s equivlent to
(a b)2 (a c)2 (b c)2 +

cyc
ab(a2 + ab + b2 c2 )(a b)2 0
whih is oviously trueF QRHF D IA rove tht for ll a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersD e hve
b+ca c+ab a+bc 1 + 2 + 2 2 5a + 4bc 5b + 4ca 5c + 4ab a+b+c

PRI
PAD por a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersD e hve
QA
1 1 2 1 2 + + + ab + bc + ca a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab a2 + b2 + c2 1 2 a + bc cyc 2 a + b cyc
QRHF vet DD e nonnegtive rel numersF rove tht
1 2 a + bc cyc
2 . a+b cyc
SolutionX
fy the guhy shwrz inequlityD e hve
1 2 a + bc =
1 (a + b)(a + c)
(a + b)(a + c) a2 + bc
2 a (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
a(b + c) +3 a2 + bc
2
2 a (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
a(b + c) +3 a2 + bc
1 a+b
( a2 + 3 ab)2 a(b + c) +3 2 a + bc (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

4 2 2
a a2 1 1 + + bc (b + c)(a + b + c) 0
a a b a(b + c) 3 2 a + bc (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
(ab)(ac)
hue to symmetryD e my ssume a b cD sine a c a b (b c)F it suffies to show tht
1 1 + a2 + bc (b + c)(a + b + c)
1 1 + b2 + ca (a + c)(a + b + c)
c(a2 b2 )[(a b)2 + ab + bc + ca] 0

whih is trivilF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = cF QRIF vet a, b, c e nonEnegtive rel numersF rove tht
a b c a b c + + + + 2 2 2 b+c c+a a+b a + 3bc b + 3ca c + 3ab
SolutionX
efter using guhy hwrzD e n see tht the inequlity follows from
a b+c
tht is or
a(b + c) , a2 + 3bc
a(a2 + bc b2 c2 ) 0, (b + c)(a2 + 3bc) a3 (b + c) a(b3 + c3 ) 0. (b + c)2 (a2 + 3bc)

PRP
ithout loss of generlityD e n ssume tht a b cD then
a3 (b + c) a(b3 + c3 ) 0 c3 (a + b) c(a3 + b3 ),
nd
1 (b + c)2 (a2 + 3bc)
1 (c + a)2 (b2 + 3ca)
1 (a + b)2 (c2 + 3ab)
it follows tht
a3 (b + c) a(b3 + c3 ) a3 (b + c) a(b3 + c3 ) , (b + c)2 (a2 + 3bc) (c + a)2 (b2 + 3ca) c3 (a + b) c(a3 + b3 ) c3 (a + b) c(a3 + b3 ) . (a + b)2 (c2 + 3ab) (c + a)2 (b2 + 3ca) a3 (b + c) a(b3 + c3 ) (b + c)2 (a2 + 3bc) (a3 (b + c) a(b3 + c3 )) = 0. (c + a)2 (b2 + 3ca)
nd
herefore
yur Solution is ompletedF inftD e hve the following inequlity for ll a, b, c 0
a b c (a + b + c)2 + + 2(ab + bc + ca) a2 + 3bc b2 + 3ca c2 + 3ab

QRPF vet equtionX
(x + 1).lnx x.ln(x + 1) = 0.
rove tht this eqution hve only one root
SolutionX
f@xA a @x C IAlnx E xln@x C IA
f (x) = ln(
etting X
x x+1 x )+ x+1 x x+1
x <1 x+1 1 g (x) = lnt + t t 1 1 g (x) = 2 1 0t R t t => g (x) g (1) = 0 t= => f (x) 0 => ...
fut e hve X
f (...) = ... > 0
PRQ
QRQF D por positive a, b nd c suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove thtX
a2 b2 c2 + + 1 2a + b2 2b + c2 2c + a2
SolutionX
a2 = 2 a + b2
o e must prove tht
a4 2a3 + a2 b2 2
( a2 )2 a3 + a2 b2
a4 +
a2 b2 2
a3 or
a4 + 3
a2 b2 2
a3 b + a3 c
nd e think the lst inequlity is true yf ourse the lst is ws true ink Ffeuse X
<=> a2 = a + 2 b2
(a b)4 0
a3
a4 (a2 + b2 + c2 )2 3 1 2 2 3 + 2a b (a + b + c3 ) + 2(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 )
o it9s enough to prove tht X
a4 + b4 + c4 a3 + b3 + c3 3(a4 + b4 + c4 ) (a3 + b3 + c3 )(a + b + c)

whih redues to X
a4
(a3 b + ab3 )
whih is just wuirhedFyr you n lso prove this lst inequlity y ewEqwF QRRF vet a, b, c > 0 nd abc = 1F rove tht
b2 c2 a b c a2 + + + + 1 + 2ab 1 + 2bc 1 + 2ca ab + b + 1 bc + c + 1 ca + a + 1
SolutionX
feuse
abc = 1
e ettingX
a=
e hve to prove thtX
y z x b= c= y z x
cyc
x2 z y 2 (2x + z )
( xz y )
cyc
x+y+z xz y xz y
(x + y + z )
cyc 2 2
x2 z y 2 (2x + z )
2 2
cyc
(
cyc
x z 2x z x z + + )2 y2 y (z + 2x) y 2 (z + 2x)
cyc
PRR
fy guhy
x2 z (2x y )z 2xz = z y y y y 9x2

+z ) ( y(2x ) z
6x
y (2x + z ) 2xy = 6x y z z
z 9x2 y (2x + z ) 6xz z )= 2x z (6x y ( y(2x+z) ) y z y

z
(
cyc
x2 z 2x2 z x2 z 2 + + ) y2 y (z + 2x) y 2 (z + 2x)
(
cyc
20xz 2x )2 9y 9
cyc
xz y
vet me try nother Solution wetting X
a=
x y z ;b = ;c = y z x
x2 y 2 z2
LHS = RHS =
fy uhyEshwrzD e n prove
2xz + z 2
xy z
x+y+z
(x + y + z ) LHS = (
xowD e need to prove X
2xz + z )(
x2 y 2 z2
2xz +
z2
)(
xy 2 ) z
xy 2 xy ) (x + y + z )( ) z z xy <=> x+y+z z hih is ovious true y emEqm (

QRSF vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove tht
a b c 1 + + 2b + 1 2c + 1 2a + 1 abc
SolutionX
IA
Lemma : vet a, b, c 0 suh tht a + b + c = 3 e hveX a2 c + c2 b + b2 c 4 abc

it is esy to prove if e ssume tht
a(a b)(c b) 0.
xow e re oming k ove inequlityX vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove tht
a b c 1 + + 2b + 1 2c + 1 2a + 1 abc
PRS
ixpnding nd numertoring e hve the inequlity is equivlent toX
7 + 4abc
ab + 4
ab 2
a2 b2 + 13abc + 4abc(a2 c + c2 b + b2 c)
epplying ove lemmD e only need prove thtX
7 + 4abc
ab + 4
ab 2
a2 b2 + 13abc + 4abc(4 abc)
xowDe will solve it esily y p, q, r tehniqueF in ftD e put q = ab + bc + ca, r = abc nd note tht q 3F he inequlity is equivlent toX
f (r) = 4r2 + (4q 17)r 2q 2 + 4q + 7

sing hur9s inequlity e hveX
12q 27 q r 9 3
xowD e will use derivtive method to prove tht f (r) 0.
T hef irstcase : 4q + 8r 17 0then f (r) = 4q + 8r 17 0 f (r) f he seond seX 4q + 8r 17 0 then f (r) = 4q + 8r 17 0 f (r) f
PA vemm X
12q 27 9
94(3 q )2 0 9
q (3 q )(2q + 21) 0, 0 q 3 = 3 9
a + b + c = 3, a, b, c 0
then X
a2 b + b2 c + c2 a + abc 4 @it n prove y emEqmA

ixpnding the ineq X
4(
a2 c)abc + 4abc + ( LHS 20abc + (
a2 )abc 4
ab + 7
a2 )abc 4a2 b2 c2
e need to proveX
20abc + (
isy to prove X
a2 )abc 4(a2 b2 c2 + 1) + 4
ab + 3
a2 b2 c2 + 1 2abcand :
he ineq eomeX
ab 3abc
3(
fut X
a2 )abc a2 )(ab + bc + ca)2 27
9LHS = (
a2 )[3(a + b + c)abc] (
enother Solution@ut similrA ink
<=>
2a2 bc 2 2b + 1
PRT
<=>
fy uhyEshwrz D e n proveX
a2 c 2b + 1
a2 c 2
LHS
o De need to prove X
2(
( a2 c)2 a)abc + a2 c
a2 c)2 ( <=>
a2 c 2)(6abc +
a2 c) a2 c)
a2 c + 6abc 3abc(
<=> 6abc (3abc 1)( <=> 5abc + 3a2 b2 c2 (3abc 1)(

hy the ove lemm D e n prove X
a2 c) a2 c + abc)
RHS 12abc 4 LHS = 5abc + 3(a2 b2 c2 + 1) + 1 4 12abc 4

FiFh QRTF D vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove tht
b c 1 a + + 2b + 1 2c + 1 2a + 1 abc 1 1 1 1 + + 2 2 2 a(2ab + 1) b(2bc + 1) c(2ca + 1) a b c 1 a b c 1 + + 2 2 2 3 (b + 2) (c + 2) (a + 2) 3abc 1 1 1 1 1 + + 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 a(ab + 2) ) b(bc + 2) c(ca + 2) 3a b c

QRUF vet a, b, c 0 suh tht a + b + c = 1F rove tht
a + 2b + a + 2c
b + 2c + b + 2a
c + 2a 3 c + 2b
SolutionX
etting Xx = a + 2b; y = b + 2c; z = c + 2a; x, y, z [0; 3 2] essume tht Xa + b + c = 1 => x + y + z = 3
<=> [
e need to proveX
x 3 2x
x2 (2 x)]LHS 2 (x + y + z )3
(x + y + z )3 3[2(x + y + z )(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 3x3 3y 3 3z 3 ]

PRU
<=> 4
it9s esier thn shurF
x3 3
xy (x + y ) + 6xyz 0
x3 + y 3 + z 3 + 3 2(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) (1 + x3 2x2 + x 1) + (1 + y 3 2y 2 + y 1) + (1 + z 3 2z 2 + z 1) 0 x(x 1)2 + y (y 1)2 + z (z 1)2 0

QRVF IA
a + 2b + a + 2c
PA
b + 2c + b + 2a b + 2c + a + 2c
c + 2a 3; a, b, c 0 c + 2b c + 2a 3; a, b, c 0 b + 2a
a + 2b + c + 2b
QRVF vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersF rove tht
b + 2c + 3 c + 2a + 3 a + 2b + 3 + + 3 c + 2b + 3 a + 2c + 3 b + 2a + 3
SolutionX
ssume c = min(a, b, c) nd set c + 1 = z, a + 1 = z + m, b + 1 = z + n with m, n 0 etting x = a + 1, y = b + 1, z = c + 1D then the inequlity eomes
x + 2y 3 z + 2y 2 (x + 2y )(2z + x)(2x + y ) 3(2x + y )(2y + z )(2z + x) (x + 2z )(2x2 + 5xy + 2y 2 ) 3(9xyz + 4 x3 + 9 x2 y + 6 2

fy hur9s inequlityD e get
x2 y + 2
xy 2 ) xy 2 )
xy 2 + 30xyz 3(9xyz + 4 x3 + 3xyz 3 x2 y
x2 y + 2
x3 + 3xyz
x2 y +
xy 2
x3 +
whih is trueF QRWF end generl prolemsX
xy 2 2 x(x y )2 0
x2 y
1,
a + 2b + k b + 2c + k c + 2a + k + + 3 c + 2b + k a + 2c + k b + 2a + k
PRV
for
k0 2,
for
a + mb + n b + mc + n c + ma + n + + 3 c + mb + n a + mc + n b + ma + n m, n 0
SolutionX
k k IG etting x = a + k 3 , y = b + 3 , z = c + 3 D the inequlity eomes
x + 2y 3 z + 2y
it is the previousF PG etting x = a +
n m+1 , y n m+1 , z n m+1 D
=b+
=c+
the inequlity eomes
x + our 3 z + our
his inequlity is not lwys trueF QSHF rove if a, b, c > 0Y abc = 1 then
a3 + b3 + c3 >= 3abc
a2 >= b+c
abc(a + b + c) 2
SolutionX
essume tht Xabc = 1 X
a +b +c
hone
a=
a2 4 bc
2 2a b+c 3 3 2(a + b + c)
a2 ( b+c
a )(
1 ) (a + b + c)2 b+c
..
QSIF vet a, b, c > 0 nd abc = 1F rove tht
a3 + b3 + c3 3
3 a b+c 2
SolutionX
Sc (a b)2 0
with
Sa = a + b + c
1 >0 (a + b)(a + c)
similr with Sb , Sc e get the sme resultFso the inequlity hs een provedF
a3 + b3 + c3 a a + b b + c c =
a bc
2a b+c
a 3 + b+c 2
PRW
fy the hypothesisD e hve
a3 + b3 + c3 =
a2 4. bc
a 2 4 ) .( b+c 3
a 2 ) b+c
3 a + b+c 2
QSPF his inequlity is true Dut very esyX
a3 + b3 + c3 + 2LHS 3
abdone fy shur
3 3 2 a a=3
a b+c a 2RHS bc ab(a + b) a+b 4 c a b+c
a2 3
a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc abc = 1 > a3 + b3 + c3 + 3

QSQF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht abc = 1F rove tht
1 1 + 1 2 (1 + a) 1+b+c+a
SolutionX
isy expnd
<=> q 2 2qp + p3 5p 3 0 = p2 + 3 + 5p p3 = (p 3)(1 + p)2 0

QSRF vet a, b, c 0F rove thtX
5(a2
1 1 1 1 + + 2 2 2 2 2 2 + b ) ab 5(b + c ) bc 5(c + a ) ca a + b2 + c2
SolutionX
F e need prove
5c2 + ab 2 5(a2 + b2 ) ab
sing guhy hwrzDe hveX
5c2 + ab 5(a2 + b2 ) ab
(5 a2 + ab)2 (1) (5(a2 + b2 ) ab)(5c2 + ab)
etting q = ab + bc + ca, r = abc, p = a + b + c = 1F e hve
(1) (5
a2 +
ab)2
(5(a2 + b2 ) ab)(5c2 + ab)
(5 9q )2 2(108r + 39q 2 + 5q ) (q 1)(3q 1) 0

QSSF D vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht ab + bc + ca = 3F rove tht
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 2( a + b + b + c + c + a) 6 2
PSH
SolutionX
pirstD e prove the left ineqF etting Xx = ab; y = bc; z = ca => x + y + z = 3 fy uhyEshwrz D e need to prove X
9(x + y )(y + z )(z + x) 8(x + y + z )(xy + yz + zx)(Right)

D xextD e prove the right ineq X fy emEqmD e need to prove
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8 <=> 3(a + b + c) abc 8(Rightbecauseab + bc + ca = 3)

QSTF D vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 3F rove thtX
(2 a)(2 b)(2 c)
vet e c = M in(a, b, c) then c [0, 1]F e hveX
25 27
2(2a)(2b) = 84(a+b)+2ab = 84(a+b)+(a+b)2 a2 b2 = (a+b2)2 +4a2 b2 c2 +1

hus
f (c) = (2 c) f (c) = 0 c =
c2 + 1 2 1 3 = 25 27
1 , c = 1Hence, M inf (c) = M in f (0), f (1), f 3

1 3
1 he equlity holds if nd only if a = 5 3, b = 3, c =
or ny yli permuttionsF
QSUF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 3F rove tht
9 2(a + b + c)
a b+c
SolutionX
e hve
a = b+c
a2 (a + b + c)2 ab + ac 2(ab + bc + ac)
then in view the prolem X
a2 + b2 + c2 = 3 > s2 = 2p + 3
e osever
s3 + s3 + 27 9s2 <=> (3 s)(9 + 3s 2s2 ) 0

e hve
a+b 18 c a+b+c
QSVF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 1F rove tht
(1 a)(1 b)(1 c)(1 d)

PSI
(ab + cd)(ac + bd) 4
fy gf
(a2 + b2 )(c2 + d2 ) ac + bd
e hve
2(1 a)(1 d) = (a + d 1)2 + b2 + c2 b2 + c2 2(1 a)(1 d) b2 + c2 2(1 b)(1 c) a2 + d2 (a2 + d2 )(b2 + c2 ) (ab + cd) (a2 + d2 )(b2 + c2 ) (ac + bd)
QSWFD vet AB is tringle hve A; B ; C < 90 rove tht
tan2 A + 3tan2 B + 15tan2 C 36

vet tanA = 3x; tanB = 2y ; tanC = z (x; y ; z > 0) SolutionX y ew E qwX 3x2 + 4y 2 + 5c2 12 12 x6 y 8 z 10
3 x + 2 y + z 6 6 x3 y 2 z > (3x2 + 4y 2 + 5z 2 )(3x + 2y + z ) 72xyz > 3(3x2 + 4y 2 + 5z 2 ) 36

FiFh QTHF if x, y, z re three nonnegtive relsD then prove tht
(z + x) (x + y ) x + y + z +
cyc
yz + zx + xy,
where the cyc sign mens yli summtionF epplying the gonwy sustitution theorem @httpXGGwwwFmthlinksFroGporumGviewtopiFphpctaPWSV post QA to the rels x, y, z @in the role of u, v, wAD e see thtD sine the numers y + z, z + x, x + y nd yz + zx + xy re ll nonnegtiveD e n onlude tht there exists tringle ABC with sidelengths a = BC = y + z, b = CA = z + x, c = AB = x + y nd re S=1 2 yz + zx + xy F xowD (z + x) (x + y ) = z+x x+y = b c = bc + ca + ab;
x+y+z = = 1 2
1 ((y + z ) + (z + x) + (x + y )) 2 2 2 2 y+z + z+x + x+y =
1 2 a + b2 + c2 ; 2 1 3 yz + zx + xy = 2 3 yz + zx + xy = 2 3 S. 2 reneD the inequlity in questionD (z + x) (x + y ) x + y + z + 3 yz + zx + xy,
PSP
eomes
bc + ca + ab
wultiplition y P trnsforms this into
1 2 a + b2 + c2 + 2 3 S. 2
2 (bc + ca + ab) a2 + b2 + c2 + 4 3 S,
orD equivlentlyD sing the nottion
2 (bc + ca + ab) a2 + b2 + c2 4 3 S.
2 2 2
Q = (b c) + (c a) + (a b)
this rewrites s wht is equivlent to
a2 + b2 + c2 Q 4 3 S, a2 + b2 + c2 4 3 S + Q.
fut this is the illEknown rdwigerEpinsler inequlity
(z + x)(z + y ) x + y + z +
cyc
3(xy + xz + yz ) z+x z+y

2
2 x+y+z
fut
3(xy + xz + yz )
cyc
0.
2 x+y+z
3(xy + xz + yz )
cyc
z+x
z+y 1
=
cyc
(x y )2
1 x+y+z+ 3(xy + xz + yz ) (z + x)(z + y ) 3(xy + xz + yz )
z+x+
z+y
(x y )2 z + 2 =
cyc
x+y+z+
3(xy + xz + yz ) = 2 z+x+ z+y
(x y )2 z + =
cyc 2
4z 2 +xy + xz +yz (z +x)(z +y )+ 3(xy +xz +yz )
x+y+z+
suh tht
3(xy + xz + yz ) a 3 then
z+x+
z+y
0.
QTIF rove if a, b, c >
1 4
a2 + 3 a + b + c + 3
SolutionX
a2 + 3 (a + 1) f(x) denotea > a2 + 3 a a + 2witha. a+2 1 4 1 4
a2 + 3 a
< > (4a 1)(a 1)2 0

PSQ
QTPF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht CCaI rove tht
(a + b)b c+a
SolutionX
1
cyc
(a + b)b c+a
(a4 a2 b2 + a3 c a2 bc) 0, whih oviously true.

cyc
b(a + b) c+a <>
a a
a(a + b + c) + b(a + b + c a c) 2 c+a a+b 3 <> a+c
FiFh QTQF vet ABC is tringleF rove tht
1 A C sin 2 sin B 2 sin 2
C cos B 2 +2 C sin B 2 sin 2
SolutionX
() < >
euse
a pa a pa c+b a
b+c pa
f gf vet x = p a > 0 : y = p b > 0; z = p c > 0 e hve
x+y 4 z > a 2 ) ( pa
x 2x + y + z y+z y+z a pa a )( oa b+c a b+c )( a b+c 2 ) pa
> (
FiFh QTRF rove tht the sides a, b, c of ny tringle suk tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 3 stisfy the inequlity
a 1 a2 + b + c
SolutionX
LHS
cyc
a(1 + b + c) c)2
(a + b +
a + b + c + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca 1 3 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
PSR
QTSF rove if a, b, c > 0 then
(a + b)(b + c) a b + c 4(a + b + c) (a + b + c)(a b + c)(a + b c)
SolutionX
b + c a = x2 , a + c b = y 2 , a + b c = z 2
e wnt to prove
x(2y 2 + z 2 + x2 )(2z 2 + y 2 + x2 ) 16xyz (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) x(2y 2 +z 2 +x2 )(2z 2 +y 2 +x2 ) = x((x4 +y 2 z 2 )+(2y 4 +2y 2 z 2 )+(2z 4 +2y 2 z 2 )+(3x2 y 2 +3x2 z 2 ))
(8x3 yz + 4y 3 zx + 4z 3 xy ) = 16xyz (x2 + y 2 + z 2 )

(a + b)(b + c) (b + c a)(c + a b)
prom ewEqw e get
4(a + b + c)
(a + b)(b + c) (b + c a)(c + a b)
2(a + b)(b + c) (a + b)(b + c) = b+ca+c+ab c
(a + b)(b + c) 4(a + b + c) c
(1)
1 1 1 ine the sequenes { a , b , c } nd{(c + a)(a + b), (a + b)(b + c), (b + c)(c + a)} re oppositely sortedD from errngement e get
(a + b)(b + c) c
(a + b)(b + c) ca =a+b+c+ b b
ca a+b+c b
whih follows from errngement
ca b
ca =a+b+c c
QTTF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 3F rove tht
PX if a, b, c > 0 then
a+b 6 a+bc
4 4 4 a2 b2 c2 4 a + b + c + + 3 b c a 3
fy rolder De hve
a2 b2 c2 + + )2 (a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 ) (a2 + b2 + c2 )3 b c a
PSS
nd
(a2 b2
(a2 + b2 + c2 )6 27(a4 + b4 + c4 ) + b2 c2 + c2 a2 )2
y 2 +z 2 2 ; ...F
vet x2 = a + b + c; ....... then a = QTUF rove if a, b, c > 0 then
fy P e hve done
b2 c2 323 a2 + 3 + 3 2 b3 + c3 c + a3 a + b3 2 (a2 + b2 + c2
SolutionX
e ssume a2 + b2 + c2 = 3 then the inequlity eomes
b3
a2 b2 c2 3 + 3 + 3 3 3 3 +c c +a a +b 2
xote tht for a, b, c 0 nd a + b + c = 3 then
a2 b + b2 c + c2 a 3
fy the guhy hwrz e get
a2 b2 c2 + + b3 + c3 c3 + a3 a3 + b3
vet a2 + b2 + c2 = 3F hen e need to prove tht
a2 + b2 + c2 9 3 = a2 b3 + a3 b2 6 2
cyc
a2 3 . 3 3 b +c 2 a4 + c3 a2 9 . (a3 b2 + a3 c2 )
fut
cyc
b3
a2 = + c3
cyc
b3 a 2
(a3 b2 + a3 c2 ) 6.
cyc
fut
(a3 b2 + a3 c2 ) 6
cyc cyc
a3 (3 a2 ) 6
cyc
(a5 3a3 + 2) 0
cyc
(a5 3a3 + 2 + 2(a2 1)) 0
cyc
a2 (a + 2)(a 1)2 0.
QTVF D vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht ab + bc + ca = 1F pind minX
M=
a2 b2 c2 + + 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) b c a
SolutionX
e n solve it y the lenmX
a2 b2 c2 (a2 + b2 + c2 )(a + b + c) + + b c a ab + bc + ca
PST
QTWF vet a, b, c > 0 abc = 1F rove tht
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) + 7 5(a + b + c)
SolutionX
(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) + 6 5(a + b + c) ab + bc + ca +
setting
6 5 a+b+c 6 a+b+c
F (a, b, c) = ab + bc + ca +
F (a, b, c) F (a, bc, bc) = ( b c)2 (a f rac6(a + b + c)(a + 2 bc))

ssume thusD e need prove
a = max(a, b, c) F (a, b, c) F (a, bc, bc) F (1/t2 , t, t) 5 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) + 7 5(a + b + c) (a + b + c)(5 ab bc ca) 6.
ohD fter n hour for itD e hve n interesting Solution ery rppy withX
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) abc

nd ontinue with ewEqw imilr to itD e hveX
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) + 3n 8 n(a + b + c)(n 3)

QUHF vet a, b > 0F rove tht
a2
a b + 1 2 2 + 3b b + 3a2
SolutionX
fy rolder
a b + a2 + 3b2 b2 + 3a2
(a(a2 + 3b2 ) + b(b2 + 3a2 )) (a + b)3 =
= a(a2 + 3b2 ) + b(b2 + 3a2 ).

FiFh QUIF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 3F rove tht
a3 (a + b) + b3 (b + c) + c3 (c + a) 6
SolutionX
e hve
(a + b + c)(a3 + b3 + c3 ) (a2 + b2 + c2 )2
PSU
nd
3(a3 c + b3 a + c3 c) (a2 + b2 + c2 )2
FiFhF QUPF vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht
2a b+c
illD you n esily prove y ewEqw thtX
3(
a ) b
3(
o it suffies to show thtX
a ) 3. b 2a 3, b+c
whih is known s inequlityF QUQF IApind the est positive onstnt k suh tht the following inequlity9s right
ab bc ca + + 1 ab + k (k a) bc + k (k b) ca + k (k c)
for ll positive numers a, b, c suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 1F is k =
2 3 3
PA vet a, b, c e positive numer suh tht a + b + c = 1F rove tht QA b(b + c 2a) c(c + a 2b) a(a + b 2c) + + 0 3ab + 2b + c 3bc + 2c + a 3ca + 2a + b RA
bc ca 1 ab + + 3ab + 2b + c 3bc + 2c + a 3ca + 2a + b 4

SA vet a, b, c e positive numers suh tht a + b + c = 1F rove tht
ab bc ca 1 + + 3ab + 2b + c 3bc + 2c + a 3ca + 2a + b 4

TA vet x, y, z e positive numers suh tht x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 6 nd A, B, C re three ngles of n ute tringleF rove tht
cyc
1 1 1 + yzcosA + xyz 2 cosAcosB

a 1+a
UA vet a, b, c e positive numer suh tht
b 1+b
c 1+c
= 1F rove tht
2a 1 2b 1 2c 1 + + 0 1 + 2a + 4ab 1 + 2b + 4bc 1 + 2c + 4ca

VA vet a, b, c e positive numersF rove tht
1 1 1 (a + 2b)2 (b + 2c)2 (c + 2a)2 (a + b + c)( + + ) 2 + 2 + 2 a b c a + b(c + a) b + c(a + b) c + a(b + c)
PSV
SolutionX
LHS =
cyc
(1 +
b b + )= c a
cyc
4b2 a2 + a2 bc + ba
cyc
a + 2 b2 = RHS a2 + bc + ba
QURF vet a, b, c e positive numersF rove tht
a2
b3 c3 b+c a3 ca2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 2 2 +b b +c c +a 2 c + a2
SolutionX
b3 c3 a+b+c a3 + + 2 2 2 2 2 2 a +b b +c c +a 2 nd n inequlity very strong a3 b3 c3 + + a2 + b2 b2 + c2 c2 + a2 a3 = a2 + b2 a
cyc
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 2 a ab2 1 = 2ab 2 a

cyc
cyc
ab2 a2 + b2
cyc
it remins to prove
a+b+c 2
whih is equivlent to ac2 + a3 QUSF vet x, y, z > 1F rove tht
b+c ca2 + 2 2 c + a2
2ca2 whih is true y ewEqw
1 + x2 1 + y2 1 + z2 + + 2. 2 2 1+y+z 1+z+x 1 + x + y2
SolutionX
es x
1+x2 2
e hve
1 + x2 1 + y + z2
2(1 + x2 ) (1 + y 2 ) + 2(1 + z 2 )
henoting 1 + x2 = a nd so on e hve to prove tht
a 1 b + 2c
ut guhy tells us nd s
a b + 2c
2
a(2b + c)
a
e hve the resultF QUTF olve the equtionX
3(ab + bc + ca) =
a(2b + c)
13x2 + 8x + 5 +
29x2 24x + 5 = 2 12x2 + 4x 1

PSW
squring oth sides of your eqution nd simplifying e get
13x2 + 8x + 5
29x2 24x + 5 = 6x2 + 32x 14
squring gin nd ftoring e hve
16(23x2 + 12x 6)(2x 1)2 = 0

he only Solution whih fulfills our eqution is x =
1 2
13x2 + 8x + 5 + (3x + 2)2 + (2x 1)2 +

xote thtX
29x2 24x + 5 = 2 12x2 + 4x 1 (5x 2)2 + (2x 1)2 = (8x)2 (4x 2)2
(3x + 2)2 + (2x 1)2 |3x + 2| (5x 2)2 + (2x 1)2 |5x 2| (8x)2 (4x 2)2 |8x|
hereforeX
(3x + 2)2 + (2x 1)2 + (5x 2)2 + (2x 1)2 |3x+2|+|5x2| |(3x+2)+(5x2)| = |8x|
with equlity ouring when
(8x)2 (4x 2
(2x 1)2 = (4x 2)2 = 0 x =

QUUD vet ABC e n ute tringleF rove tht
1 . 2
cos4 B cos4 C cos4 A A B C A B C 2 2 2 + + 4 cos cos cos (cos + cos + cos ) A B C 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
SolutionX
vet b + c a = x, a + c b = yanda + b c = z F reneD
cyc b2 +c2 a2 2bc 2 2
cos4 A 2 4 sin2 A 2
cos2
cyc
A B C cos cos 2 2 2 a2 + c2 b2 2ac a2 + b2 c2 2ab
1+
cyc
2 c2 a 2 1 b +2 bc
cyc
1+
b2 + c2 a2 2bc
1+
1+
cyc
(b + c a)2 bc(a + b c)(a + c b) (b + c a) bc(a + b c)(a + c b)

cyc 2
cyc
(b + c a) (a + b c)(a + c b) abc bc (b + c a) (a + b c)(a + c b) abc bc 4x2 yz (x + y )(x + z ) 4x2 yz (x + y )(x + z )
cyc
cyc
(y + z )x2 2yz
cyc
cyc
(x3 y + x3 z ) 2xyz
cyc
PTH
whih is true euse
(x3 y + x3 z ) 2xyz (x + y + z )
cyc
nd
cyc
1 x+y+z
4x2 yz = (x + y )(x + z )
cyc
y+z 2(x + y + z )
16x2 yz (x + y )(x + z )(y + z )2
cyc
8x2 yz = (x + y + z )(x + y )(x + z )(y + z )
8xyz 1 (x + y )(x + z )(y + z )
id estD your inequlity is provenF QUVF vet a, b, c e positive numer suh tht a + b + c = abcF rove tht 3 3 bc ca ab a+b+c + + 4 a(1 + bc) b(1 + ca) c(1 + ab) 4
SolutionX
use the inequlityX
1 1 4 + x+y x y 4bc bc bc + 2a + b + c a+b a+c 4ac ca ac + 2b + a + c a+b b+c 4ab ab ab + 2c + a + b b+c a+c
e otinX
prom itu9s lemmD e hveX
2 2 ab) ab) ( ( 3 3abc 3 3 ab = = c + abc a + b + c + 3abc 4abc 4abc 4

QUWF D vet a, b, c e positive numerF rove tht
cyc
a2 3 4 3 3 5 a + 24b c
SolutionX
or equivlentlyX
P =
cyc
a 3 5 a2 + 24bc
3
hen r older gives usX
a + 24abc P
cyc cyc
so it suffies to prove
25
cyc
9
cyc
a3 + 24abc
PTI
whih is ovious upon expnding enother SolutionX
a2 = a4 + 24b2 c2
a4
a4 = + 24b2 c2 1
1 1+
24a2 b2 c2 a6
e onsider the funtion
f (x) = 1+
24a2 b2 c2 x6
f (x) 0
o
f (a) + f (b) + f (c) 3f (

o the
a+b+c ) 3
LHS 3 1+
1
36 24a2 b2 c2 (a+b+c)6
1 1+
whih is true F
36 24a2 b2 c2 (a+b+c)6
1 (a + b + c)6 36 a2 b2 c2 5
QVHF D vet a, b, c e positive numer suh tht a + b + c = 1F pind the minimum of
P =
a b c + + 2 2 2 2 1+b +c 1+c +a 1 + a2 + b2
SolutionX
u guhyEhwrzD
S =P a+b+c+
y hur e n prove thtD
ab(a + b) (a + b + c)2 = 1
ab(a + b) a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc a3 + b3 + c3 + 6abc 4 ab(a + b) a3 + b3 + c3 + 3

then
ab(a + b) + 6abc = (a + b + c)3 = 1 1 4
ab(a + b) 1 4
P
nd finlly
1+
S1 4 5
Pmin =
QVIF D vet a, b, c e stisfying
1 2
< a, b, c < 1 nd
a4 + b4 + c4 + 4a2 b2 c2 = 2(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 )
PTP
rove tht
cyc
a4 4abc(a + b + c) 1 a2
SolutionX
es a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 abc(a + b + c) e n even prove the more stronger inequlity still holdsX 1 if 2 < a, b, c < 1 suh tht
4abc = 2(ab + bc + ca) a2 b2 c2 . a2 b2 c2 + + 4(ab + bc + ca). 1a 1b 1c his inequlity follows from the following inequlity 8(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (ab + bc + ca)
if a, b, c re the sidelengths of tringleF QVPF Dvet a, b, c R+ nd
cyc
hen
21abc(a + b + c) 2(ab + bc + ca) a2 b2 c2
a3 + 2a 9 = a2 + 1 2 1 3 a
rove tht
cyc
SolutionX
e hve ut where
9 = 2 9 = 2
a+ 1 + a
a2
a soW ehave +1 a+
a3
a4 + a2 1 = a3 + a a4 + a2 1 a3 + a
f (a)
f (a) =
ut
f (a) =
so e hve
2(6a4 + 3a2 + 1) < 0f oreverya > 0 a3 (a2 + 1)3 a+b+c 3 ) 3f (1) = 3 2 1 3 a
f (a) 3f (
so e hve
QVQF vet a, b nd c re nonEnegtive numers suh tht ab + ac + bc = 3F rove thtX
1) a2 + b2 + c2 + 3abc 6
PTQ
SolutionX
sing hur9s inequlity
4(ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c) 9abc (a + b + c)3

hen
9abc and a+b+c 9abc + 3abc RHS LHS = (a + b + c)2 6 + 3abc 6 a+b+c (a + b + c)2 12 (a + b + c)2 3(ab + bc + ca) 2) a4 + b4 + c4 + 15abc 18
euse
ssume thtX a + b + c = p, ab + bc + ca = q, abc = r so q = 3 nd e hve to prove thtX
r
seIXif p2 > 12 the ineq is true sePX if p2 12 rememer this shur ineq
p2 (12 p2 ) 15 + 4p
r
e will prove tht
(p2 3)(12 p2 ) 6p
p2 (12 p2 ) (p2 3)(12 p2 ) 6p 15 + 4p 12AF
whih is equivlent to (p 3)(2p2 9p 15) 0 @whih is ovious true for ll p QVRF vet ABC e n ute tringleF rove thtX
cos A + cos B + cos C
sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C
SolutionX
vet
cos A =
bc (b + a)(c + a)
2
whih is equivlent toX
ab(a + b) + 6abc
ab(a + b)
a+b c cosA + cosB + cosC
a+b +6 c
3 (cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C )
(cosA + cosB + cosC )2 + (cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C ) 3

fy guhyDe hve
(cosA + cosB + cosC )2 + (cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C )

PTR
4 (cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C ) 3
it remins to prove
cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C

it9s oviousFFFFF QVSF vet a, b, c 0 stisfy a + b + c = 1F rove tht
9 4
(a2 + b2 )(b2 + c2 )(c2 + a2 )
1 32
SolutionX
let
f (a, b, c) = (a2 + b2 )(b2 + c2 )(c2 + a2 )

letc = max(a, b, c)Y e hve
f (a, b, c) f (a + b, 0, c)
@whih is equivlentA
ab(4abc2 + a3 b + ab3 4a2 c2 4b2 c2 2c4 ) 0

e will prove tht
f (a + b, 0, c) = f (1 c, 0, c)
1 2
1 (16c4 32c3 + 20c2 4c 1))(1 + 2c)2 0 32

rememer tht
1 5 1+ 5 2 16c 32c + 20c 4c 1 = 4(2c 2c + )(2c 2c + )0 4 4

4 3 2 2
for every c [0, 1]F QVTF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht 4abc = a + b + c + 1F rove tht
c2 + a2 a2 + b2 b2 + c2 + + 2(ab + bc + ca) a b c
SolutionX
fy ewEqw9s inequlityDe hveX
LHS
fut
2bc 2ca 2ab 2 + + = ((ab)2 + (bc)2 + (ca)2 ) a b c abc 1 (ab + bc + ca)2 3
(ab)2 + (bc)2 + (ca)2 = LHS

husD it is enough to prove
2 (ab + bc + ca)2 3abc
2 (ab + bc + ca)2 2(ab + bc + ca) 3abc ab + bc + ca 3abc.

PTS
indeedD from the onditionD y ew E qwD e otinX
4 4abc = a + b + c + 1 4 abc = abc 1 = a + b + c 4abc 1 3abc

fut
(ab + bc + ca)2 3abc(a + b + c) 9a2 b2 c2 = ab + bc + ca 3abc.

he result is led s followF QVUF vet a, b, c e positive rel numersDprove tht
a+b c
a b+c
+4
a(b c) (b + c)
SolutionX
a+b c 4 a b+c a(b c)2 ( + (x + y )(y + z )(z + x) 8xyz (x + y )(y + z )(z + x)
<=>
FiFh QVVF vet e x, y, z R+ F how tht X
4 1 )0 bc(b + c (b + c)
x2 +
3 4
y2 +
3 4
z2 +
3 4
(x + y )(y + z )(z + x)
SolutionX
feuse
x2 +
e hve
3 4 1 4
y2 +
3 4
x+y
x2 +
imilrly e otins
3 = 4
x2 +
1 2 2
1 2
x2 +
1 4
x2 +
3 4
y2 +
3 4
z2 +
3 4
1 8
x2 +
1 4
y2 +
1 4
z2 +
1 4
o ineq t first equivlent toX
4x2 + 1 8
hen pply guhyEhwr e hve
(x + y )
4x2 + 1
similrly nd multiply e hve finishedF QVWF
1 + 4y 2 4 (x + y )
PTT
vet x, y, z e the nonEnegtive rel numer stisfying (x + y + z )2 + xy + yz + zx = 2F rove tht x+y y+z z+x 3 2 + + 2 z 2 + xy + 1 x2 + yz + 1 y 2 + zx + 1
SolutionX
e n let a = x + y, b = y + z, c = z + x then e hve ab + bc + ca = 2 nd e hve to prove thtX 3 a (1) 2 + 3bc 2 a cyc tust use rolderD let the vr e D then y rolder
S2(
o e hve to show
a(a2 + 3bc)) (a + b + c)3
4(a + b + c)3 9(a3 + b3 + c3 + 9abc)

whih is ovious y wuirhedF e will must prove thtX
2(ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a)) a3 + b3 + c3 + 9abc <=> (3c a b)(a b)2 + (3a b c)(b c)2 + (3b a c)(c a)2 0()
uppose a b c e hveX
3b a c 3b c (b + c) = 2(b c) 0, , (c a)2 (a b)2 + (b c)2

then
LHS (3c a b + 3b a c)(a b)2 + (3b a c + 3a b c)(b c)2 0 x+y+z ( xyz

utX
x2 y 2 9 ) (x + y )2 4
LHS
rememer thtX
( xy )2 x+y+z xyz (x + y )2
4 (x + y + z )2 3 x + y + z 3 ( xy )2 3 ( xy )2 9 LHS = xyz 4 ( x) 2 4 xyz (x + y + z ) 4 (x + y )2
QWHF IA por ny tringle with sides a, b, cF rove tht
a2 b(a b) + b2 c(b c) + c2 a(c a) 0
SolutionX
vet a = x + y, b = y + z, c = z + x; fter expndingDe need to prove thtX
x3 y (x + y + z )xyz
cyc
PA por ll positive rel numers a, b nd c
2a(b + c) + (a + b)(a + c)
2b(c + a) + (b + c)(b + a)
PTU
2c(a + b) a+b+c 3 (c + a)(c + b) abc
LHS 3 RHS
QWIF qiven a, b, c 0 stisfy a + b + c = 6F rove thtX
(11 + a2 )(11 + b2 )(11 + c2 ) + 120abc 4320

iqulity ours when (a, b, c) = (1, 2, 3)F SolutionX
LHS RHS = 11(ab + bc + ca 11)2 + (abc 6)2 + 121(a + b + c)2 36 4356 36 = 4320
iqulity ours if f a + b + c = 6, ab + bc + ca = 11 nd abc = 6ora = 1, b = 2, c = 3 or ny symmetri permuttionF
a3 + b3 + c3 ab + bc + ac 12 +9 2 abc a + b2 + c2 1 9 LHS RHS = ( a2 ab)( )0 ab ab

it is instntly solved y y
Sa = Sb = Sc =
(a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 9abc 0 2abc(a2 + b2 + c2 )
QWPFD let a, b, c e positive numers suh thtX abc = a + b + c + 2F rove tht
1 1 1 abc 2( + + ) 5 a b c
SolutionX
abc ( a + 2)2 2(
ab 5 abc ab) 5( a+6 a + 2)
a2
rememer thtX
abc = a + b + c + 2then (a2 + 4) 3

FiFh QWQF vet x, y, z > 0 nd
a6 4a
a 18
x2 + 2xyz = 1F rove thtX 3xyz 2 x2 y 2
SolutionX
vet x =
ab (a+c)(b+c) , y
ca (c+b)(a+b) , z
ab (a+c)(b+c)
his ineq eomesX
a 3 b+c 2
PTV
QWRF D IArove tht in ny tringle ABC exists the reltion
b+ca +2 a
a 6 b+c
SolutionX
the inequlity
<=>
ememer thtX so e getX
b+ca 2 a
b+ca b+c
(b + c) 2 b + c a a b+ca b+ca 2 a b+c
PA vet a, b, c e the length of the sides of tringle ABC F is the re of ABC nd 0 < a < b < cF rove thtX ab(a b) 2 ) 4S ( (b c)(c a)
SolutionX
use guhyD nd this inequlityX
abc
end e will prove this inequlityX
3
4 3
a2 + b2 + c2 S
(a
b)2 (b
27abc 4 2 2 c) (c a) 3
a2 + b2 + c2 1
QWSF vet a, b, c e the lengths of the sides of tringle ABC nd R is the irumrdius ng r is the inrdius of tringle ABC F rove this inq
(a + b + c)2 2r + 4 2(ab + bc + ca) (a2 + b2 + c2 ) R

t is relly omplited Solution nd of ourse it is not neessry for this one zz
(a + b c)(a + c b)(b + c a) (a + b + c)2 + 4 2 2 2 2(ab + bc + ca) (a + b + c ) abc
vet a + b c = x, b + c a = y, c + a b = z the inequlity is equivlent toX
(x + y + z )2 8xyz + 4 xy + yz + zx (x + y )(y + z )(z + x) x2 + y 2 + z 2 8xyz + 2 xy + yz + zx (x + y )(y + z )(z + x)
QWTF D vet e a, b, c > 0F rove tht X
a b c + + b c a
2ab + 2bc + 2ca 11 a2 + b2 + c2
PTW
SolutionX
a b c + + b c a LHS 6 +
prom guhy
(a + b + c)2 a2 + b2 + c2 =2+ ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca
a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2 ) 11 + 2( + ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2 a b c (a + b + c)2 + + . b c a ab + bc + ca
vet x = a2 + b2 + c2 , y = ab + bc + caF hen it remins to show tht
3(x + 2y ) 2y + 11 y x
whih in turn is equivlent to
(x y )(3x 2y ) 0
whih is oviously true sine x y F por your ineqDe n prove esilyF por exmpleX
2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 2(ab + bc + ca) a b c 2(ab + bc + ca) 2( + + ) + + +46 2 2 2 b c a a +b +c ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2 a b c 8(ab + bc + ca) 17 + + + b c a 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 3

QWUF vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht
a2 + bc 3 2 b+c 2
SolutionX
ith this oneD use rolder ineqD e need to proveX
a2 +
ab)3
9 2
(a2 + bc)2 (b + c)2 (1)
end pqr works hereD of ourseD not so nie @notie tht the equlity of @IA ours when a = b = c or a = b; c = 0F QWVF D vet a, b, c [0, 1]F rove tht
C=
5 a + abc 1 + bc 2
SolutionX
essume a b c
=> C
a b+c a + + abc + abc + 1 = V 1 + bc 1 + bc 1 + bc V = a(bc2 + bc + 1) + 1 5/2 1 + bc
@feuse a, b, c [0, 1]F
PUH
QWWF D vet a, b, c R suh tht abc = 1F pind mx X
P =
1 a+b+4
SolutionX
e hve with a, b, c > 0 suh tht abc = 1 nd
1 1 a+b+1
1 1 4 + a+b+4 a+b+1 3
RHHF vet x, y, z e positive rel numers suh tht x2 + y 2 + z 2 12F pind the minimum ofX
S=
y6 z6 x6 + + xy + 2 1 + z 3 yz + 2 1 + x3 zx + 2 1 + y 3
SolutionX
e hve
2
thenD use g
1 + x3 x2 + 2
=> min = 96/5

RHIF vet a, b, c 0F rove tht
(a4 + 7a2 + 10) 216(a + b + c)3
SolutionX
e hve
(a2 + 2)(b2 + 2)(c2 + 2) 3(a + b + c)2

nd our ineqX
(a2 + 5)(b2 + 5)(c2 + 5) 72(a + b + c)

gE lemm
a4 + 7a2 + 10 6(a3 + 2) (a3 + 2)(b3 + 2)(c3 + 2) (a + b + c)3

it9s very esy gEF QRPF vet a, b, c e positive numers suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove tht
abc +
12 5 ab + bc + ac
abc (b + c a)(c + a b)(a + b c)

nd then e hve
abc
4 3
PUI
bc 3
abc +
12 ab + bc + ca 3 4( + ) 3 4.2 3 = 5 ab + bc + ca 3 ab + bc + ca
RHPF if a, b, c re nonEnegtive numersD prove tht
(a2 + ab + b2 )(b2 + bc + c2 )(c2 + ca + a2 ) (ab + bc + ca)3 .

feuse e hve
a2 + ab + b2
so
3 (a + b) 4
a2 + ab + b2
b2 + bc + c2
c2 + ca + a2
27 (a + b) (b + c) (c + a) 64
1 2 2 (a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca) (ab + bc + ca) 3
RHQF vet a, b, c 0 nd a + b + c = 3F rove tht
4 a2 b + b2 c + c2 a + abc
SolutionX
vyq a + b + c = 3
if {p, q, r} = {a, b, c}, p q r

then s
pq pr qr, a2 b + b2 c + c2 a + abc = a(ab)+ b(bc)+ c(ca)+ b(ac) p(pq )+2q (pr)+ r(qr) = = 1 (2q ) + (p + r) + (p + r) 3 23 ( ) = = 4. 2 3 2 1 (2q )(p + r)(p + r) 2
RHRF rove tht for ll positive rel numres a, b, c
(a2 + 2)(b2 + 2)(c2 + 2) 9(ab + ac + bc)
SolutionX
vyq (a 1)(b 1) 0 e hve
(a2 + 1 + 1)(1 + b2 + 1) (1 + 1 + 1)(a2 + b2 + 1)(byT chebychef sinequality.)

nd
(a2 + b2 + 1)(1 + 1 + c2 ) (a + b + c)2 3(ab + bc + ca)

RHSF D vet a, b, c > 0 nd abc 1F pind minimum of
A= [
ca ab bc + + a2 b + a2 c b2 a + b2 c c2 a + c2 b
bc ac ab b+c a+b a+c 1 1 1 + + ][ + + ] ( + + )2 a2 (b + c) b2 (a + c) c2 (a + b) bc ab ac a b c
RHTF vet x, y, z > 0 nd xyz = 1F rove tht
x2 y2 z2 3 + + 1+y 1+z 1+x 2

PUP
SolutionX
y g e hve
x2 y2 z2 (x + y + z )2 3 + + 1+y 1+z 1+x 3+x+y+z 2
sine for X = x + y + z e hve 2X 2 3X 9 0f orX 3F e n use guhyE hwrtz to solve this prolemX e hve
x2 1+y + x 1+y 4
RHUF a, b, c, d > 0 nd a, b, c, d R nd a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 1F rove tht
(1 a)(1 b)(1 c)(1 d) abcd

xote tht
(1 a)(1 b) cd
ine
c2 +d2 2
cdD it suffies to prove tht (1 a)(1 b) 1 (a2 + b2 ) c2 + d2 = 2 2 1 a2 + b2 2 2
1 (a + b) + ab
2 2(a + b) + 2ab 1 (a2 + b2 ) 1 2(a + b) + 2ab + (a2 + b2 ) 0 1 2(a + b) + (a + b)2 0 [(a + b) 1]2 0
imilrlyD (1 c)(1 d) abF RHVF vet a, b, c e positive rel numerF rove tht
3
a3
a3 b3 ++3 3 + 3 + (b + c) b + (b + c)3
c3
c3 1 + (b + c)3
SolutionX
3
a3
a3 a2 2 3 + (b + c) a + b2 + c2
e ould use the sme tehni s in hereF o D from rolder e hve X
a
3
a3
+ (b +
c)3
a(a3 + (b + c)3 ) (a + b + c)
it is enough to prove tht
(a + b + c)4
a(a3 + (b + c)3 ) = (a + b + c)(
a3 + 6abc)
PUQ
RHWF vet a, b, c nd x, y, z e nonEnegtive numers suh tht a + b + c = x + y + z F rove tht
ax(a + x) + by (b + y ) + cz (c + z ) 3(abc + xyz ).
SolutionX
epply gf
(a2 x + b2 y + c2 z )(yz + zx + xy ) xyz (a + b + c)2

fut
(a + b + c)2 = (x + y + z )2 3(xy + yz + zx)

therefore
a2 x + b2 y + c2 z 3xyz
imilrly
ax2 + by 2 + cz 2 3abc
edding up these inequlities yields the desired rezultF RSHF vet a, b, c e positive rel numerF rove thtX
a3
a b c + + 1 3 3 3 3 + 26abc b + 26abc c + 26abc
SolutionX
fy rolder e hve
a 3 a + 26abc
a a3 + 26abc
o it is enough to show tht

4
a 4
whih is trueF
+6
a a3 + 26abc a2 b2 14abc (a + b + c)
ab a2 + b2
RSI D vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 1F rove tht
a(a + bc) + b + ca
b(b + ca) + c + ab
c(c + ab) 1 a + bc 2 abc
SolutionX
LHS
ut
a(a + bc) 2 abc
a(a + bc)
so e get
(a + b + c)(a + b + c + ab + bc + ca) 2(B C s) a(a + bc) 1 2 abc abc

PUR
y ewEqw e hve X
a(a + bc) 1 b + ca 2
nd e hve X
a + a + bc b + ca 2a + bc (a + b)(b + c)
a + a + bc = b + ca
now the inequlity eome X
2a + bc = b(a + b + c) + ca
(2a + bc)(a + c)
(a + b)(a + c)(b + c) 2 abc
RSPF rove tht for ll nonEnegtive rel numers a, b, c e hve
a2 b2
2(ab + bc + ca) a4 + b4 + c4 + 3. + b2 c2 + c2 a2 a2 + b2 + c2
SolutionX
tndrd orniuEhur will doX using
x2 + y 2 + z 2 xy yz zx =
cycl
(x y )(x z )
x(a b)(a c) + y (b c)(b a) + z (c a)(c b) 0

where
x=
a2 b2
(a + b)(a + c) 2 2 2 2 2 2 +b c +c a a + b2 + c2
@nd similrly for y nd zAF xote tht
(a2 + ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) a3 (b + c) + a(b3 + c3 ) + bc(b2 + c2 ) 2(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 )

y the ewEqw inequlity so tht x, y, z 0F end lerlyD x y if e ssume a b cF uppose tht c = min{a; b; c} e n rewrite this inequlity X
(ab)2 [
a2 b2
(a + b)2 2 (a + c)(b + c) 2 2 ]+(ac)(bc)[ 2 2 2 ]0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 +b c +c a a +b +c a b + b c + c a a + b2 + c 2
prom c = min{a; b; c}De hve
(a + b)2 2 2 0 a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 a + b2 + c2 (a + c)(b + c) 2 2 0 a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 a + b2 + c2 rere is nother Solution with ewEqw e hve tht ab + bc + ca (a4 + b4 + c4 )(ab + bc + ca)2 a4 + b4 + c4 +2 2 33 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 a b +b c +c a a +b +c (a b + b2 c2 + c2 a2 )(a2 + b2 + c2 )2
PUS nd
o e hve to show tht
(a4 + b4 + c4 )(ab + bc + ca)2 (a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 )(a2 + b2 + c2 )2

(abc2 (a b)(a3 b3 )) + abc(a5 + b5 + c5 abc(a2 + b2 + c2 )) 0

RSQD vet a, b, c e rel numersF rove thtX
a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca 3(a b)(a c)
the inequlity eomes
(a2 ab ac + bc) 3(a b)(b c) (a b)(a c) 3(a b)(b c) (a b)(a c) + (c a)(c b) 4(a b)(b c) (a c)(a b c + b) 4(a b)(b c) (a b + b c)2 4(a b)(b c)
it9s quivlent to (x + y )2 4xy whih is true for ll rels numer x, y F RSRF vet a, b, c, d re rel numer suh tht ad bc = 3F rove thtX
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + ac + bd 3
roffX e will prove thtX
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + ac + bd (ad bc) 3 c d 3 2 d c 3 2 <=> (a + ) + (b + + ) 0 2 2 2 2 RSSD por ny three positive rels a, b, cF rove the inequlity a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab + + a+b+c b+c c+a a+b
SolutionX
it9s equivlent toY
a2 + ab + ac + bc b2 + ab + ac + bc c2 + ab + ac + bc + + 2(a + b + c) b+c a+c a+b (a + b)(a + c) (a + b)(b + c) (a + c)(b + c) + + (a + b) + (a + c) + (b + c) (b + c) (a + c) (a + b)
vet a + b = x, a + c = y, b + c = z e hve to show tht
xy yz xz + + x+y+z z x y
PUT
equivlent toY
(xy )2 + (yz )2 + (xz )2 xyz (x + y + z )

ith true y emEqm
(b2 c2 )2 + (c2 a2 )2 + (a2 b2 )2 a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab + + (a + b + c) = . b+c c+a a+b 2(b + c)(c + a)(a + b)

RSTF vet a + b + c = 1, a, b, c 0F rove tht
a b c + + a+c b+c a+b
3 2
SolutionX
enother wyX
a = b+c
a2 (a + b + c)2 1 = (a b + c (a b + c + b a + c + c b + a (a b + c + b a + c + c b + a
o now e try to solve thtX
1 a b+c+b a+c+c b+a

iquivlent to
3 2 2 3
(a b + c + b a + c + c b + a
fy guhy hwrz e hveX
(a b + c + b a + c + c b + a = a ab + ac + b bc + ab + c ac + bc (2((a + b + c)((ab + bc + ca) =

ine
2(ab + bc + ca) = (a + b + c)2 1 = 3 3 2 3
2(ab + bc + ca)
(ab + bc + ca
o e hveX
(a b + c + b a + c + c b + a 1 a 3 b+c a 1 1 3 b+c
3 3 2(a + b + c)
a b
3 2
RSUF essume tht a, b, c re positive rels stisfying a + b + c
b c
c +a F rove tht
a3 c b3 a c3 b 3 + + b(a + c) c(a + b) a(b + c) 2
SolutionX
first use holder or the generl of uhy e hveX
a3 c b3 a c3 b + + b(a + c) c(a + b) a(b + c)

soX
a b c (2a + 2b + 2c)( + + ) (a + b + c)3 b c a
a3 c b3 a c3 b a+b+c + + b(a + c) c(a + b) a(b + c) 2

PUU
ut e lso hveX
a+b+c
a b c + + 3 b c a
RSVF vet a, b, c e positive rel numersF rove the inequlity
1 1 1 3 + + a (b + 1) b (c + 1) c (a + 1) 1 + abc
SolutionX
(1 + abc) = = 1 1 1 + + a (1 + b) b (1 + c) c (1 + a) +3
1 + abc + a + ab 1 + abc + b + bc 1 + abc + c + ca + + a + ab b + bc c + ca
1+a b+1 c+1 b(c + 1) c(a + 1) a(b + 1) + + + + + ab + a bc + b ca + c b+1 c+1 a+1 3 3 + 3 abc 6. 3 abc abc + 1 3 a(1 + b)
cyc
(
cyc
1+a abc + ab + )6 a(1 + b) a(1 + b)
his ineq is right F@ usingAMG M 3timesAF e hve
1 + abc 1 + a + ab + abc 1+a b(1 + c) = 1= + 1. a + ab a + ab a(1 + b) 1+b

reneD rewrite the inequlity in the formX
1+a b(1 + c) 1+b c(1 + a) 1+c a(1 + b) + + + + + 6 a(1 + b) 1+b b(1 + c) 1+c c(1 + a) 1+a ab(b + 1)(ca 1)2 + bc(c + 1)(ab 1)2 + ca(a + 1)(bc 1)2 0whichistrue 1 1 1 3 + + a(b + 1) b(c + 1) c(a + 1) 1 + abc (bc2 + bc)(ab 1)2 0.
cyc
1 + abc 1 + a + ab + abc 1+a b(1 + c) +1= = + a(b + 1) a(b + 1) a(1 + b) 1+b

o true y em E qm RSW
1+a b(1 + c) + 6 a(1 + b) 1+b
2xy + x+y
x2 + y 2 x+y xy + 2 2
PUV
SolutionX
F
x2 + y 2 xy 2 (x + y )2
x2 + y 2 + xy 2 2 x2 + y 2 = 2
xy
x2 + y 2 2
2
x2 + y 2 + xy + 2 2
xy
x2 + y 2 + xy 2 (x y )2 x2 +y 2 + xy 2
x+y
x2 + y 2 (x y )2 + xy 2 x+y x+y 2xy + xy + 2 x+y
x2 + y 2 2
2xy + x+y x+y
x2 + y 2 x+y xy + 2 2
2(
(x y )2 (x y )2 0 2(x + y ) x2 +y 2 + xy ) 2
x2 + y 2 x2 + y 2 xy 0 ( x y )2 ( xy ) 0 2 2 ( x y )2 ( x + y )2 ( x y )2 0 2(x2 + y 2 ) x y 0 2 y2 + 2( x + xy ) 2 (x y )2 0
RTHD find the miniml of expression
P (a, b) =
(a +
a2 + b2 )3 ab2
a2 + b2 = a2 + 8.(b2 /8) 9(a2 .b16 /88 )1/9

nd
a + 3(a.b8 /84 )1/9 4(a.b2 /8)1/3

RTID por ll nonnegtive rel numers a, b nd cD no two of whih re zeroD
1 1 (a + b + c)4 1 + + 2 2 2 2 2 ( a + b) (b + c) (c + a ) 4(a + b + c2 )(ab + bc + ca)2

his inequlity follows from
(a2 + b2 + c2 )
nd
1 1 1 + + (b + c)2 (c + a)2 (a + b)2
a b c (a + b + c)2 + + . b+c c+a a+b 2(ab + bc + ca)
RTPF D D por ll nonnegtive rel numers D nd F proveX
a2
cyc cyc
a(b + c)
cyc
a(b + c)
cyc
1 (a + b + c)4 (b + c)2
SolutionX
fut wht out the followingX
1 1 3(a + b + c)2 1 + + (a + b)2 (b + c)2 (c + a)2 8(ab + bc + ca)

PUW
1 1 + ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2
RTQF D por ll nonnegtive rel numers D nd D no two of whih re zeroD
3 1 1 1 + + (a + b)2 (b + c)2 (c + a)2

it9s oviously trues euse of emEqmD e hveX
3abc(a + b + c)(a + b + c)2 4(ab + bc + ca)3
a2 +
ab)2 .
ab 108witha + b + c = 3
1 1 1 epling a, b, cby a , b , c respetivelyD e hve to prove tht
3 a2 b2 (a + b)2
3(ab + bc + ca)(ab + bc + ca)2 . 4(a + b + c)3
xowD using guhy hwrz inequlityD e hv
(ab + bc + ca)2 (ab + bc + ca)2 a2 b2 = 2 2 2 2 2 (a + b) (a + b) + (b + c) + (c + a) 2(a + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)

2(a2
or equivlentlyD
3 (ab + bc + ca)2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)
3(ab + bc + ca)(ab + bc + ca)2 4(a + b + c)3
2(a + b + c)3 3
tht is
3(ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)
4(a + b + c)6 27(ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)2

fy ewEqwD e see tht
27(ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)2 1 2(ab + bc + ca) + (a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca) + (a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca) 2 4(a + b + c)6
RTRF
3
1 1 1 1 2 + + + 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca 2c2 + ab ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2 Ist SolutionF @lso in pvthun9s ookD pge TPA fy guhy inequlityD (b + c)2 (2a2 + bc)
cyc cyc
1 4(a + b + c)2 2a2 + bc
(b + c)2 (2a2 + bc) 4(a2 + b2 + c2 )(ab + bc + ca)

cyc
whih is esyF RTSF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht a + b + c = 3abcF rove tht
1 3 a+b 2
PVH
SolutionX etX
a=
1 1 1 ; b = ; c = ; xy + yz + zx = 3 x y z xy xy 3 LHS = x+y 2 2
PUSD rove if a, b, c > 0 suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 3 then
a3 3 a4 b4 + b2
he ondition of this ineq didn9t show a4 b4 + b2 0F fut if a4 b4 + b2 0@nd others expressionA D e n prove w
(a2 + b2 + c2 )LHS 2 (a2 + b2 + c2 )3 = 27 => LHS 3

RTTF rove tht if a, b, c re nonnegtive rel numersD e hve
3
a(a + b) + a2 + 2b2
b(b + c) + b2 + 2c2
c(c + a) 2abc 33 3 c2 + 2a2 (a + b3 + c3 )
SolutionX
3
a(a + b) + a2 + 2b2
b(b + c) + b2 + 2c2
c(c + a) 2abc 33 3 2 2 c + 2a a + b3 + c 3
fy emEqm De need to prove X
(a3 + b3 + c3 )3 abc(a2 + b2 + c2 )3
it n prove y emEqm
LHS 3 9
(a2
abc(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8a2 b2 c2 39 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 + 2b )(b + 2c )(c + a ) (a + 2b )(b2 + 2c2 )(c2 + a2 )
o e need to proveX
(a3 + b3 + c3 )3 abc(a2 + b2 + c2 )3
fut
a3 + b3 + c3 3abc
nd
3(a3 + b3 + c3 ) (a2 + b2 + c2 )3
RTUF D vet a, b, c e positive rell numer stisfyin abc = a + b + cF rove the following inequlity X a b c 3 3 + + 1 + a2 1 + b2 1 + c2 4 SolutionX
a 3 3 1 + a2 4
PVI
etting X
a=
fy emEqm De n prove X
1 1 1 ; b = ; c = => xy + yz + zx = 1 x y z
1 2 2 +x + ; x > 0 x 3x 3
o e need to proveX
1 3 3 <=> 4 3+x
fut it9s true y emEqmF RTVF vet a, b, c > 0D ab + bc + ca = 3F rove tht X
x 3 4 3+x
a b c + + 1 5c + 4a 5b + 4c 5a + 4 b
SolutionX
27LHS 2 = [
e need to proveX
a(5b + 4c)]LHS 2 (a + b + c)3
(a + b + c)3 9(ab + bc + ca)

fut it9s true y emEqm mileF RTWF qiven a, b, c > 0F rove thtX
3 3 3 a b c 4 a + b + c + + 3. () b c a 3abc
SolutionX
F hen e hve X xyz = 1 nd X
b c a Let = x, = y, = z. c a b
() x + y + z 3 4
z x 1 y ( + + ) 3 z x y
(x + y + z )4 27(xy 2 + yz 2 + zx2 )
fut e hve inequlity X
27(xy 2 + yz 2 + zx2 ) 4(x + y + z )3 27

herefore e hve only prove tht X
(x + y + z )4 4(x + y + z )3 27 (x + y + z 3)2 [(x + y + z )2 + 2(x + y + z ) + 3] 0

PVP
it9s right ink F uppose
abc = 1; P uta =
his inequlity eomeX
y z x ;b = ;c = x y z
(x3 + y 3 + z 3 )4 27xyz (x6 y 3 + y 6 z 3 + z 6 x3 )()

ut m = x3 , n = y 3 , p = z 3 , () eomeX
(m + n + p)1 2 31 2mnp(m2 n + n2 p + p2 m)3 ()

sing yhe illEknown resultX
27(m2 n + n2 p + p2 m + mnp) 4(m + n + p)3

nd ewEqw inequlityD e hve ()F RUHD por positive numer x, y, z suh tht x + y + z = 1F rove tht xy yz zx 2 + + xy + yz yz + zx zx + xy 2
cyc
xy xy + xz + yz
2(xy + xz + yz )2 1 (xy + yz )(x + y + z )2
fut
cyc
xy xy + xz + yz
2(xy + xz + yz )2 (xy + yz )(x + y + z )2 (x + y + z )2 2x x+z xy + xz + yz
cyc
2x(xy + xz + yz ) (x + z )(x + y + z )2
e hve to prove tht

cyc
<=>
cyc 2 2
2 x2 z x2 + y 2 + z 2 x+z
<=>
ut e hve tht
x + y + z2 x4 y4 z4 2 + 2 + 2 2 x + xz y + xy z + yz
x4 y4 z4 (x2 + y 2 + z 2 )2 x2 + y 2 + z 2 + + x2 + xz y 2 + xy z 2 + yz x2 + y 2 + z 2 + xy + xz + yz 2
cyc
xy = xy + yz
cyc
x2 y = x+z
cyc
x+y 2
4x2 y (x + y )2 (x + z )
cyc
2 x2 y (x + y )(x + z )
emin to prove tht

cyc
2x2 y 1 (x + y )(x + z ) 2
fut
cyc
2 x2 y 1 (x + y )(x + z ) 2
4x2 y (y + z ) (x + y )(x + z )(y + z )(x + y + z )

cyc
PVQ

cyc
(x3 y + x3 z 2x2 y 2 ) 0.
RUIF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove thtX
abc + a2 b + b2 c + c2 a 4
SolutionX
4 3 (a + b + c) abc 27 RUPD vet a + b + c + d = 4 nd a, b, c, d 0F rove tht a2 b + b2 c + c2 a a2 bc + b2 cd + c2 da + d2 ab 4
it is neessry to proveD tht feuse
(a + b + c + d)4 64(a2 bc + b2 cd + c2 da + d2 ab)

if a = min{a, b, c, d} nd b = a + x, c = a + y, d = a + z then it is killingF fut it is very uglyF vet p, q, r, s = a, b, c, d nd p q r sF hen y rerrngement inequlityD
a2 bc + b2 cd + c2 da + d2 ab = a(abc) + b(bcd) + c(cda) + d(dab) p(pqr) + q (pqs) + r(prs) + s(qrs) = (pq + rs)(pr + qs) ( 1 pq + rs + pr + qs 2 ) = ((p + s)(q + r))2 2 4 1 p+q+r+s 2 2 (( ) ) 4 2 = 4.
iqulity holds q = r = 1 nd p + s = 2F o equlity holds if two of them re equl to 1F epplying thisD e n get the equlity onditions (a, b, c, d) = (1, 1, 1, 1), (2, 1, 1, 0) or ny yli formsF end y this ideD e n solve tht
a2 b + b2 c + c2 a
4 if a + b + c = 1 27
whih ws from gndF if {p, q, r} = {a, b, c}, p q rD then s pq pr qr,
a2 b + b2 c + c2 a = a(ab) + b(bc) + c(ca) p(pq ) + q (pr) + r(qr) = q (p2 + pr + r2 ) q (p + r)2 = 1 (2q )(p + r)(p + r) 2 1 (2q ) + (p + r) + (p + r) 3 ( ) 2 3 1 2 4 . = ( )3 = 2 3 27
RUQF vet a, b, c > 1F rove thtX
1 + a2 2 1 + b + c2
PVR
SolutionX
e hve X a, b, c > 1 therefore
1 + b + c2 , 1 + c + a2 , 1 + a + b2 0
o
b2 + 1 2 b 2(1 + b + c2 ) (1 + b2 ) + 2(1 + c2 ) 2(1 + c + a2 ) (1 + c2 ) + 2(1 + a2 ) 2(1 + a + b2 ) (1 + a2 ) + 2(1 + b2 )

oD
1 + a2 1 + b + c2
2x = y + 2z
2x2 xy + 2xz
where x = 1 + a2 , y = 1 + b2 , z = 1 + c2 F glerly x, y, z > 0F ytherD y guhyEhwrzt e hve X 2x2 2(x + y + z )2 2 xy + 2xz 3(xy + yz + zx) RURD vet x, y, z 0 e suh tht x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1F rove tht z y z 1 + + 2 1 + xy 1 + xz 1 + xy pirstlyD e prove thtX
(a + b + c)2 2(1 + bc)2 (1)

indeedD e hve X
(1) 2(ab + bc + ca) 1 + 4bc + 2b2 c2 2a(b + c) a2 + (b + c)2 + 2b2 c2 (b + c a)2 + 2b2 c2 0(true)
hereforeD
b c 2a 2b 2c a + + + + = 2 1 + bc 1 + ca 1 + ab a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c

ytherD e hve X
a + abc a +
thereforeD e re done
a(b2 + c2 ) (a 1)2 (a + 2) =1 1 2 2
a b c + + a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 1 + bc 1 + ca 1 + ab
(a + b + c)2 =
cyc
a b c + + 1 + bc 1 + ca 1 + ab 2 a a a 1 + bc 1 + bc 1 + bc cyc 1 a (a + b + c)2 1 1 + bc a + b + c + 3abc

PVS
a(1 + bc)
cyc
cyc
p2 p 3r 0
RUSD vet a, b, c 0 stisfying
a2 = 1F rove thtX a 1 1 + bc a a = = b2 +c2 1a2 1+ 2 cyc 1 + 2 =1+

cyc
cyc
a 1 + bc
cyc
=1+
cyc
2a 1 1 a2 3 a2 3 3 1 a 1 + bc 3 a
a(a + 2)(a 1)2 1. 3(3 a2 )
1 3 1 + bc 3+
a 6 a ab 5 + ( a)2
end 1
3 a)2 6 a+50( a 1)( a 5) 0, Right
6 a 1( 5 + ( a)2
y uhy
a (a2 + b2 + c2 )2 1 = 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 + bc a + b + c + a bc a + b + c3 + abc 1 1 a3 + b3 + c3 + abc
it remins to show tht whih is oviously true from
(a2 + b2 + c2 )3 (a3 + b3 + c3 + abc)2

@ y muirhed D ewEqwA
(a2 + 2)3 (a3 + a + 2)2 a(a2 + 1)2

fut fter nelling the degree T term the right side hs lrger degree so it is inorretF ry gin you should look yourself efter expnding
L.H.S = a6 + 6a4 + 12a2 + 8 2a5 + 4a4 + 2a3 + 10a2 + 2a + 7byAM GM

nd
2a5 + 4a4 + 2a3 + 10a2 + 2a + 7 > a5 + 2a3 + a = a(a2 + 1)2

RUTD vet a, b, c 0F rove thtX
9 1 a2 + ab + b2 ( a)2
Solution X e hve X
a2 + ab + b2 = (a + b + c)2 (ab + bc + ca) (a + b + c)c b2 + bc + c2 = (a + b + c)2 (ab + bc + ca) (a + b + c)b c2 + ca + a2 = (a + b + c)2 (ab + bc + ca) (a + b + c)a
uppose a + b + c = 1F e hve X
()
1 9 1 (ab + bc + ca) a
PVT
1 4(ab + bc + ca) + 9abc 0 (a + b + c)2 4(ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c) + 9abc 0 a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc a(b2 + c2 ) + b(c2 + a2 ) + c(a2 + b2 )
it is true euse it is inequlity 9s hurF e re doneF ry
cyc
1 = 2 a + ab + b2
cyc
(3c + a + b)2 (3c + a + b)2 (a2 + ab + b2 )
25(a + b + c)2 . (3c + a + b)2 (a2 + ab + b2 ) 25(a + b + c)2 9 (3c + a + b)2 (a2 + ab + b2 ) ab = q, abc = rF he ineq eomes
e show
pqr tehnique works hereF e put a + b + c = 1,
q (3q 1)2 + 9r + 1 4q
fter expnding ery rppy end it is oivious sine 9r +1 4q 0@shur ineqA he equlity 1 holds when a = 0, b = c = 2 , a = b = cF RUUD olve the eqution
x+
x2
9 2 1= (x 1) x 1 4
SolutionX
vet a =
x 1, b =
x + 1F hen b2 a2 = 2. here fore X b2 a2 = 2 2(a + b) = 9a3 b2 = a2 + 2 2b = 9a3 2a b2 = a2 + 2 81a6 36a4 8 = 0 b2 = a 2 + 2 2 a2 = 3

8 b2 = 3 2b = 9a3 2a
x=
5 3
RUVF D vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 1F rove tht
a 8b2 + c2 1 a 4b2 + c2
PVU
3 4
xote tht
3b + c
3bc 2b + c
8b2 + c2
( 3abc
a)2
a(3b + c
3bc ) 2b + c ab 0
1 + 2b + c he guhy hwrz inequlity gives us
a2 2
3 1 2b + c a+b+c
9abc + a+b+c
a2 2
ab 0 bc(b + c)
a3 + 3abc
whih is true y hurF RUWF vet a, b, c > 0Frove thtX
4b2 + c2
3 4
Solution
sing two lemmF
1) 2b + c 2) 8
2bc(2b + c) 4b2 + c2 4b2 + 3bc + c2 27 2b + c 2 2 4b + 3bc + c a+b+c
RVHD vet a, b, c, d 0 a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 4F rove thtX
a3 + b3 + c3 + d3 8
SolutionX
quring the oth sides e need to prove thtX
(a3 + b3 + c3 + d3 )2 (a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 )3 .
sing gf e infer thtX
(a3 + b3 + c3 + d3 )2 (a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 )(a4 + b4 + b4 + d4 )

o e need only to prove thtX
a4 + b4 + c4 + d4 (a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 )2
e hve X
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 4 0 a, b, c, d 2
PVV
0 a3 2a2 , 0 b3 2b2 , 0 c3 2c2 , 0 d3 2d2 0 a3 + b3 + c3 + d3 2(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 ) = 8

RVID vet x, y, z > 0F rove tht X
3( x(x + y )(x + z ) +
y (y + z )(y + x) +
z (z + x)(z + y ))2 4(x + y + z )3
SolutionX
LHS 3(x + y + z )(
hen e prove tht X
x2 + yz + zx + xy )
4(x + y + z )2 3[(x + y + z )2 + xy + yz + zx] (x y )2 0
RVP D rove tht for ny rels x, y, z whih stisfy ondition x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 e hve
x + y + z ) xyz + 2
SolutionX
e hve X
2 = x2 + y 2 + z 2 2yzoryz 1
fy funhiopsky e hve X
[x(1 yz ) + y + z ]2 [x2 + (y + z )2 ][(1 yz )2 + 1] (2 + 2yz )(y 2 z 2 2yz + 1) 4 (becauseyz 1) here foreX |x + y + z xyz | 2
or
x + y + z 2 + xyz
RVQF D por ll nonnegtive rel numers D nd D no two of whih re zeroD
a(b + c)(a2 bc) b(c + a)(b2 ca) c(a + b)(c2 ab) + + 0 a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab
SolutionX
1 2
4 2 2 2
cyc 4
1 ab
2
cyc 2 2
1 c2 + ab
c (a b ) + b (c a ) + c4 (a2 b2 )2 0 (a2 + bc)(b2 + ca)(c2 + ab)

etting A = LHS D then e see tht
A=
a3 (b + c) abc a2 + bc
b+c a2 + bc
PVW
a3 (b + c) abc a2 + bc
1 = a
a3 (b + c) a(b + c) 1 = a2 + bc 2 2 whih shows tht A 0F RVRF D por ny positive rel numers a, b nd c a(b + c) + a2 + bc b(c + a) + b2 + ca c(a + b) c2 + ab
a(b + c)(a2 bc) 1 = A a2 + bc 2
a+ b+
1 1 1 + + a c b
SolutionX
prom guhy e hve
2
a(b + c) a2 + bc
xow ll e hve to prove is
a)
a(b + c) a2 + bc
a(b + c) a2 + bc
1 a
whih is equivlent
(a b)(a c) 2 0 a(a + bc)
whih is orniu hurF prom this ide e should squre the inequlity nd then use tht
ab(c + a)(c + b) 1 (a2 + bc)(b2 + ca)

for exmple Fhen you will hve to prove tht
(a + b)(a + c) (b + a)(b + c) (c + a)(c + b) + + a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab
a b ( + ) a b
SolutionXP
e hve the inequlity is equivlent to
2
a(b + c) a2 + bc a(b + c) +2 a2 + bc
1 a 1 a
ab(a + c)(b + c) (a2 + bc)(b2 + ca) ab(a + c)(b + c) 3 (a2 + bc)(b2 + ca)
e n esily prove tht
a(b + c) +6 a2 + bc
1 a
o prove this ineqD e only need to prove tht
a + b c(a + b) 2 10 c + ab ab
PWH
fut this is trivilD euse
a + b c(a + b) 2 1 = (a+b) ab c + ab
e re doneF
c 1 2 1 2 ab ab c + ab
c ab c 1 2 1 = c2 + ab ab c + ab
RVSF D por ny positive rel numers a, b nd cD
1 a(b + c) b(c + a) c(a + b) + 2 + 2 2 a + bc b + ca c + ab 2
27 + (a + b + c)
1 1 1 + + a b c
SolutionX
a2 (b + c)2 +2 (a2 + bc)2

xotie tht
ab(b + c)(c + a) 15 1 + 2 2 (a + bc)(b + ca) 2 4
b+c a
(a2 + bc)(b2 + ca) ab(b + c)(c + a) = c(a + b)(a b)2

then
2
yther hndD
ab(b + c)(c + a) 6(1) (a2 + bc)(b2 + ca) a2 (b + c)2 1 = 4a2 bc 4 b c + +2 c b
a2 (b + c)2 (a2 + bc)2
prom @IA nd @PA e hve done3 fesidesD y the sm wysD e hve nie Solution for n old prolemX a(b + c) 1 a a2 + bc a RVTD vet a, b, c > 0 nd abc = 1F rove tht
a1 0 b+c
SolutionX
(a + b + c 1)(
fy emEqm D e n prove X
1 )3 b+c 9 2(a + b + c)
LHS (a + b + c 1)
o e need to prove this ineq X
3(a + b + c 1) 2(a + b + c) <=> a + b + c 3

QHID vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersF rove tht
3 2
ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2
a + a+b
PWI
b + b+c
c 3 c+a 2
a 2 ) 2(a + b + c)( a+b
a (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) 9 )=4 (a + b)(a + c) (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) abc 2
RVUD qiven a, b, c 0 nd a + b + c = 8F rove thtX
268 + 12a2 b2 c2 ab(a b)2 + bc(b c)2 + ca(c a)2
SolutionX
fy 4pqr4
4 12(r 1)2 + (q 2 40)2 0 9
RVVF qiven a, b, c > 0 stisfy a + b + c = 3F rove tht
21 ab bc ca 9abc + + + c a b 4 4
felow is our first ttemptD whih is indiret ut firly shortX ewrite the inequlity s
1 1 1 9 21 + 2+ 2+ a2 b c 4 4abc
ut x = a1 , y = b1 andz = c1 F hen xy + yz + zx = 3xyz nd the inequlity eomes
4(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) + 9 7(xy + yz + zx)

or fter homogenizing
4(x + y + z )2 +
81(xyz )2 15(xy + yz + zx) (xy + yz + zx)2
ithout loss of generlityD ssume x + y + z = 1F ut xy + yz + zx = (1 q 2 )/3F hen s in
xyz
(1 + q )2 (1 2q ) 27
4
or
(1 q 2 ) 3
+ 81
(1 + q )2 (1 2q ) 27
15
1 q2 3
4(1 q 2 )2 + (1 + q )4 (1 2q )2 5(1 q 2 )3 0
fut this is redued to
q 2 (1 + q )2 (1 3q )2 0
RVWF D sing guhy hwrts nd emEqmD e will need to proveX
2(ab + bc + ca)2 a4 + b4 + (a + b + c)2 a2 + b2 a2 + b2 + c2

pirst squring
hen use
a4 + b4 +4 a2 + b2
a2 b2 (a2 + b2 )(b2 + c2 )
a)2
(a2 + b2 )(b2 + c2 ) (a2 + 2b2 + c2 )2

PWP
nd guhy hwrtzF he ineq turns into the form nguoivn gveF
(a2 + b2 ca cb)2 (a b)2 0 a 2 + b2

RSHF D vet a, b, c e positive numers suh thtX a + b + c = 1F rove thtX
a b c 36(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + b2 + b c2 + c a2 + a ab + bc + ca + 5
e n prove your prolem y one result of hungkhtn nd vs is if a + b + c = 1, a, b, c e positive numers then 4 a2 b + b2 c + c2 a + abc 27 uses uhuyEshwrs e hveX
b2
let q =
a 36(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (a + b + c)2 2 ab + b a +b ab + bc + ca + 5
ab, r = abc e hve 36 a2 ( ab2 + ab) 36 a2 ( 4 abc + 27 ab) ab + 5
<=> q + 5 36(1 2q )(
ese
4 r + q )(1) 27
1 2q 1
so uses shur third degree e hve
2 0 3
r
supposing
1 4q 9
(1) <=> q + 5 36(1 2q )(

equlity when a = b = c = 1 3F PA
4 4q 1 + q ) <=> (1 3q )(40q + 13) 0 27 9
a b c 3 + + b2 + b c2 + c a2 + a 4
row out the strongerD on mile
a b c + + b c a
36(a2 + b2 + c2 ) ab + bc + ca + 5
c 30(a2 + b2 + c2 ) a b + + b c a 3(a + b + c)2 + ab + bc + ca

e use the lemmX
a b c + + b c a
+1
21(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (a + b + c)
2
RSIF D vet e a, b, c > 0F how tht X
(a + b + c)
1 1 1 + + a b c
9+
2((a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 ) ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
<=> Sc (a b)2 + Sa (b c)2 + Sb (a c)2 0
PWQ
ithX
Sc =
essumeX
1 2 ; ... ab ab + bc + ca a b c.
So : Sa ; Sb 0 easyRazz
e hveX
Sa + Sc =
a2 (b + c) + c2 (a + b) 2abc 0 abc(ab + bc + ca)
QHTD if x, y, z re rels nd x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2F rove tht
x + y + z xyz + 2
vyq x y z xy 1F fy guhyEhwrtz
(xyz (x+y +z ))2 = (z (xy 1)xy )2 (z 2 +(x+y )2 )((xy 1)2 +1) = (2+2xy )(22xy +(xy )2 ) = 42(xy )2 (1xy )
RSP Fpor ny positive rels a, b, c suh tht
a=1
(ab + bc + ca)(
b c 3 a + + ) holds b2 + b c2 + c a2 + a 4
SolutionX
y ewEqwYhwrzYrolder ineqlitiesDe otinX
a = b2 + b
4 a 33 a = b 44b 4 a 3 a 33 4 b 4 b 4
a a b b+1 4 33 a a 4 aaa b 4 b a 3 b 4(ab + bc + ca)
RSQF D vet a, b, c 0F rove tht
9abc a 3 ) + b+c (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
a b+c
q = xy + yz + zx, p = x + y + z, r = xyz
SolutionX
( 9abc a 3 ) + b+c (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) <=> p3 + 12r + 3pr 16p <=> p3 + (3r 16)p + 12r 0 f (p) = p3 + (3r 16)p + 12r f (p) = 3p2 + 3r 16 f (p) = 0 <=> p = (16 3r)/3 13/3 a b+c
=> f (p) > 0withp [3; 4]

PWR
=> M inf (p) = minf (3) if p 4

e hve
16p p3 4p + 9
RSRF por a, b, c > 0 nd ab + bc + ca = 3F rove tht X
3+
(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 a + b2 c2 b + c2 a2 c + a2 b2 + + 3 2 b+c c+a a+b
fy uhyEswrhzX
a + b2 c 2 b + c2 a2 c + a2 b2 (a + b + c)2 + + + b+c c+a a+b 2(ab + bc + ca)

fy emEqm e hveX
b2 c2 a+b+c + b+c 2
b2 c 2 b+c
a2 b2 a+b + ) ab = 3 a+b 4 fy emEqm nd guhy hwrtsD e n prove esily the strongerX ( 5(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 1 a + b2 c 2 b + c2 a2 c + a2 b2 + + + 6 2 b+c c+a a+b
he firstD using our old resultX
a2 + b2 + c2 1 + ab + bc + ca 2
fesidesD y g nd emEqmX
a b+c
a 2 b2 a+b
a 2 b2 .
a2 b2 (a + b)2
1 2 .(a + b2 + c2 )2 . 3
ab = 4
a2 + b2 + c2 2
edd P inequlitiesD e hve our stronger RSSF D vet x, y, z e postive rel numers suh tht xyz = x + y + z + 2F rove thtX
2( xy + yz + zx) x + y + z + 6
SolutionX
he inequlity is enquivlent toX
(
henote
x)2 (x + y + z ) x + y + z + 6or
2(x + y + z + 3)
x=
hereforeD e just need to proveX
c+a a+b b+c ,y = ,z = a b c
b+c a
2(
b+c + 3) = a
1 1 1 2(a + b + c)( + + ) = a b c
1 1 1 (b + c)]( + + ) a b c
fut this is oviously true due to guhyEhwrtzD whih ends our SolutionF
PWS
RSUF D qiven a, b, c re prositive rel numers a2 + b2 + c2 = 1F pind mx of X
P =
ab bc ca + + 2 2 1+c 1+a 1 + b2
SolutionX
e think it trues y ewEqwX
ab 2 2 a + c + b2 + c2
nh lso true y uhy hwrzX
ab 2 (a2 + c2 )(b2 + c2 )
1 4
b2 a2 + ) a2 + c2 c2 + b2
ab a2 + c2 + b2 + c2
FiFh RSVF D vet a, b, c > 0 nd rove tht
(a + b) 1 4(a2 + c2 + b2 + c2 ) 4
b2 a2 + ) a2 + c2 c2 + b2
1 1 1 1 1 1 + + 3; + 2; 1. a 2b 3c 2b 3c 3c 1 1 1 + 2 + 2 14 a2 b c
SolutionX
etting X
1 1 1 1 1 1 = x + 1; + = 2 + y; + + = z + 3(x, y, z 0) 3c 2b 3c a 2b 3c 1 1 1 => 2 + 2 + 2 14 = 2(z + 3y + 5x) + (x y )2 + (y z )2 + x2 0 a b c hen e hve done wrF it holds when x = y = z = 0 => a = 1; b = 1 1 ;c = 2 3
1 3c 2 1
e hve
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a + 2b + + + = ( + + )+3( + )+5( ) 3( a2 b2 c2 a2 4b2 9c2 4b2 9c2 9c2 3
) +6( 2b
+ 3
1 3c 2
) +5(
1 2 ) 3+6+5 = 14. 3c
RSWF vet x, y, z > 0F rove tht X
3( x(x + y )(x + z ) +
y (y + z )(y + x) +
z (z + x)(z + y ))2 4(x + y + z )3
LHS 3(x + y + z )(
hen e prove tht X
x2 + yz + zx + xy )
4(x + y + z )2 3[(x + y + z )2 + xy + yz + zx] (x y )2 0
RTHD vet a, b, c e positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove tht
1 1 1 + + a b c
+ 9 10(a2 + b2 + c2 ).
PWT
iqulity holds for a = 2, b = c = 1 2F
SolutionX
ettingX
a + b + c = p = 3; ab + bc + ca = 8.
e hve this ineq X
p2 t2 ; abc = r 3
9 t2 + 27 10(2t2 + 9) 0(3 t 0) r r (3 t)2 (3 + 2t) . 27
hen the ineq eomes one vrile F RTIF qiven tht a, b, c 0F rove thtD
(a + b + c)
1 1 1 + + a b c
a2 + b2 + c2 +5 ab + bc + ca
pind the mximl k D roofX so tht the following inequlity holdsX
(a + b + c)
1 1 1 + + a b c
a2 + b2 + c2 +9k ab + bc + ca
e n findD k = 4 is est onstntF F imple lulttionD e will set
a=
then our inequlity eomes
1 1 1 ,b = ,c = a b c
( a + b + c)
1 1 1 + + a b c
4(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 ) +5 abc(a + b + c)
(ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c)2 4(a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 ) + 5abc(a + b + c) ab(a b)2 + bc(b c)2 + ca(c a)2 0
his Solution lso shows tht the est onstnt is k a RF oD your sttement is vlidD shmF e n lso prove it y wuirhed inequlityX yur inequlity is equivolent to
(a + b + c)(ab + ac + bc)2 4abc(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 5abc(ab + ac + bc)

sym
a3 b2 + 5
cyclic
a2 b2 c +
sym
a3 bc 2
sym
a3 bc + 5
cyclic
a2 b2 c
sym
a3 b2
sym
a3 bc
whih is right y wuirhed inequlityF it is only the following indentity wrF qreen
(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 0

PWU
whih is the strongest QEvriles inequtily e n lso solve it esily y y with
Sa = 4
1 2 ... bc ab + bc + ca
a2 + b2 + c2 (a + b + c)2 +5=4 3 ab + bc + ac ab + bc + ac a b ( + + 2) = b a cyc (a + b)2 (a + b + c)2 4 ab ab + bc + ac
1 1 1 (a + b + c)( + + ) + 3 = a b c
row out
cyc
(a + b 2c)2 (b + c 2a)2 (c + a 2b)2 0

feuseX
(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2

cyc
(a4 b2 + a4 c2 + 2a3 b2 c + 2a3 bc2 )

cyc
(2a3 b3 + 2a4 bc + 2a2 b2 c2 )
RTPFD qiven a, b, c 0F rove thtX
a b c (a + b + c)2 + + b+c c+a a+b 2(ab + bc + ca)
SolutionX
it follows tht
a2 + b2 + c2 2 ab + bc + ca
a b c + + 1 b+c c+a a+b
end e n dedue our inequlity to
b3 c3 abc a3 + + + 2 3 3 (b + c) (c + a) (a + b)3 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

etting x =
2a b+c , y
a b c + + 1 b+c c+a a+b
2b c+a , z
2c a+b D
then xy + yz + zx + xyz = 4 nd our inequlity eomes
x3 + y 3 + z 3 + xyz 4(x + y + z 2)2

xowD e denote p = x + y + z, q = xy + yz + Zx, r = xyz D then q + r = 4 nd our inequlity is equivlent to p3 3pq + 4r 4(p 2)2
p3 3p(4 r) + 4r 4(p 2)2 (p 4)(p2 + 4) + (3p + 4)r 0

if p 4D it is trivilF if 4 p 3D pplying hur9s inequlityD e otin r
p(4q p2 ) D 9
hene
4=q+r q+
it follows tht
p(4q p2 ) 9
q
nd e otin
p3 + 36 4p + 9 p3 + 36 p(16 p2 ) = 4p + 9 4p + 9
PWV
r =4q 4
e hve to prove
(p 4)(p2 + 4) + (3p + 4)
p(16 p2 ) 0 4p + 9
p(p + 4)(3p + 4) (4p + 9)(p2 + 4) 0 7p2 p3 36 0 (p 3)(12 + 4p p2 ) 0

whih is oviously true euse 4 p 3F his ompletes our SolutionF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c or a = b, c = 0 nd its yli permuttionsF RTQF qiven a, b, c 0F rove thtX
a 3 b 3 c 3 5abc a2 + b2 + c2 ) +( ) +( ) + b+c c+a a+b (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
he following inequlity is stronger thn it
a b+c
b c+a
c a+b
9abc a b c + + . (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) b+c c+a a+b
used nie lenmX
a a2 + b2 + c2 4abc + b+c ab + bc + ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

efter expndD it9s eomeX
abc(a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca) 0
end e think it9s n useful lenm euse notie tht it9s stronger thnX
(a + b + c)2 a b+c 2(ab + bc + ca)

e dont need to expnd hereD nguoe vnF e rewrite it s followX
a[a(b + c) + bc] 4abc(ab + bc + ca) a2 + b2 + c2 + b+c (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) a2 + b2 + c2 + abc 4abc(ab + bc + ca) 1 a2 + b2 + c2 + b+c (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 1 4(ab + bc + ca) b+c (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
whih is oviously true y guhy hwrz euse
1 9 b+c 2(a + b + c)
nd e mentX
4(ab + bc + ca) 9 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 2(a + b + c) a a2 + b2 + c2 4abc + b+c ab + bc + ca (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

PWW
<=>
(a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) abc a2 + b2 + c2 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) ab + bc + ca ab [(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)abc](a2 +b2 +c2 )
<=> (a+b+c)(a2 +b2 +c2 )(ab+bc+ca)abc
<=> abc(a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca) 0

FiFh RTRF vet a, b, c e nonnegtive rel numersD not ll re zeroF rove tht
b c 2 ab + bc + ca a 1 + + + 2 a + b + 7c b + c + 7a c + a + 7b 3 a + b2 + c2
iqulity holds if nd only if (a, b, c) (1, 1, 1), (2, 1, 0), (1, 0, 0) SolutionX feuse
a a 6ca = , a + b + c a + b + 7c (a + b + c)(a + b + 7c)

ca (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) a + b + 7c 9(a2 + b2 + c2 )

if a = b = 0 or b = c = 0 or c = a = 0D the inequlity eomes equlityF por a + b > 0, b + c > 0, c + a > 0D pplying the guhy hwrz inequlityD e get
(ab + bc + ca)2 ca . a + b + 7c ca(a + b + 7c)

he inequlity is redued to
9(ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (a + b + c)(7

or
a2 b +
ab2 + 3abc),
a3 b + 4
tht is
ab3 4
a2 b2 abc
a,
ab(a 2b)2 abc

epplying the guhy hwrz inequlity ginD e get
a.
ab(a 2b)2
hene
abc(a 2b)
= abc(a + b + c)2 ,
ab(a 2b)2 abc

nd our Solution is ompletedF RTSF D vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht
a+
its esy
1 a
b+
1 b
c+
1 c
4 3
a+b+c+
1 1 1 + + a b c
1 1 (a + ) b + a b
c+
QHH
1 c
1 4(c + ) c
1 1 (a + ) b + a b 1 1 (a + ) b + a b
efter summing e will getX
c+ c+
1 c 1 c
1 4(b + ) b 1 4(a + ) a
a+
1 a
b+
1 b
c+
1 c
4 3
a+b+c+
1 1 1 + + a b c
RTTF D vet a, b, c > 0F rove tht
(1 +
ab)2
(1 +
bc)2
(1 +
ca)2
3+a+b+c (1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c)
(1 + (1 + 1 ab)2 + (1 + 1 bc)2 + (1 + 1
ab)2 (1 + a)(1 + b) 1 3+a+b+c = (1 + a)(1 + b) (1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c)
ca)2
RTUF D vet p, q, r e positive numersF rove or disprove
9+p+q+r
6(p2 + q 2 + r2 ) + 15(p + q + r) + 18 +
18 p+q+r+3
SolutionX
vet
p + q + r = aandp2 + q 2 + r2 = bthenb
he inequlity is equivlent fter squring toX
a2 , 3
6b(a2 + 6a + 9) + 27a + 81 a4 + 9a3 + 54a2

repling b y
a2 3
in the vr it suffies to prove thtX
a4 + 3a3 + 27a + 81 36a2

whih is lerly true y ewEqwF RTVF D if a, b, c re three positive numers suh tht abc = 1F vet S = a2 + b2 + c2 , S = ab + bc + caF rove or disprove (S + 1)(S + 12) 2(S + 3)(S + 2) e know tht S S D then repling S y S in the RHS it suffies to prove tht S 3 whih is lerly true y ewEqw whith abc = 1F QPUD if a, b, c 1F rove or disprove
3( a 1 + b 1 + b 1) a + b + c +
3(a + b + c 3)
3 3 2
a2 + b2 + c2
SolutionX
@BA e will prove first tht
3( a 1 + b 1 + b 1) a + b + c +
QHI
3(a + b + c 3)
fy ewEqw e hveX
( a 1 + b 1 + b 1)
lso e hve thtX
3((a 1) + (b 1) + (c 1)) =
3(a + b + c 3)(1)
a = (a 1) + 1 2 a 1
similrly for nd Dthen dding ylilly the three inequlities e hveX
a + b + c 2( a 1 + b 1 + b 1)(2)
dding the inequlities @IA nd @PA e get the desired resultF @BA vet us prove now tht 3 3 a + b + c + 3(a + b + c 3) a2 + b2 + c2 2 it9s esy to see from ewEqw thtX 3 3 3 a2 + b2 + c2 .(a + b + c) 2 2 it suffies to prove thtX
3 .(a + b + c) a + b + c + 2
3(a + b + c 3)
(a + b + c 6)2 0
RTWF D vet a, b, c RFrove
3(a + b + c)
25(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 2(ab + bc + ca) 3
3(a2 + b2 + c2 )
rove of vr SolutionX he inequlity is equivlent to
9(a + b + c)2 24(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + (a + b + c)2 . (a + b + c)2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 )

rove of r he inequlity is equivlent to
24(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + (a + b + c)2 27(a2 + b2 + c2 ). (a + b + c)2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 )

RUHD vet x, y e two positive numers suh tht xy = 1F rove or disprove ( x + y )(x + y )(x2 + y 2 ) 4. 4 x+ 4y e hveX
x+
( 4 x + 4 y )2 y 4x+ 4y 2
QHP
fut (x + y )(x2 + y 2 ) 4D then e hve FiFh your inequlity is true euse it is equivlent to
(x + 1)(x2 + 1)(x4 + 1) 4 13 x 4 ( x + 1)
nd this is equivlent to
x7 + x6 + x5 + x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 4x 4 4x 4 0
his true y ewEqwD sine
15
13
x7 + x3 + x2 + x 4 x13 4 x6 + x5 + x4 + 1 4 x15 4
nd e hveX
x+y
end
( x + y )2 ( 4 x + 4 y )4 2 8
( x + y )(x2 + y 2 ) 4
henDe hveF iqulity holds when x = y = 1F RUIF vet a, b, c > 0 Frove thtX
( x + y )(x + y )(x2 + y 2 ) x3 y 3 4 4 4 xy + 1 ( x + y)
SolutionX
LHS
oDe only prove thtX
a5 withxy = a4 2
a5 (a2 + 1) 2a6 <=> a5 (a 1)2 0

hih is ovious trueF iqulity holds when x = y = 1 RUPF D vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht a4 + b4 + c4 = 3F rove tht
cyc
a3 b 0 b+c
SolutionX
ineq
<=> <=> a5 +
(a3 b)(a + b)(a + c) 0
a4 (b + c) + abc(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) (a2 b + b2 c + c2 a) 0
<=> (a4 + b4 + c4 )(a + b + c)+ abc(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) (a2 b + b2 c + c2 a) 0)1)

e hveX
a3 + b3 + c3 a2 b + b2 c + c2 a
QHQ
e need prove thtX
LHS (1) (a4 + b4 + c4 )(a + b + c)+ abc(a2 + b2 + c2 ) [a3 + b3 + c3 +(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)] 0 <=> (a + b + c abc)(a4 + b4 + c4 a2 b2 c2 ) 0
it9s lwys true euse a4 + b4 + c4 = 3 RUQF D rove tht for ll positive numers p, q
pq
p+q p+ q
SolutionX
ine
p2 + q 2
dding 2pq oth sidesD e hve
pq (p + q ),
(p + q )2
pq (p + 2 pq + q )(p + q )2 pq ( p + q )2
he given inequlity is equivlent to
p2 + q 2
squring this e get
pq (p + q )
p4 + q 4 p3 q pq 3 0
this is true euse it is equivlent with
(p q )2 (p2 + pq + q 2 ) 0.
very esyD this is our SolutionD
p+q p+ q
RURD vet u, v R+ F rove tht
p+ 2
pq
u+ v 1+u+v 1+2 u+v uv
SolutionX
e hve to prove thtX
uv +
2 uv + 2 vu 1+u+v u+v uv u+v 2
ut so e will prove the strongerX
u2 + v 2 + 2uv + 2(u + v ) 4u v + 4v u
utX
u2 + v + uv + u 4u v ; v 2 + u + uv + v 4v u
QHR
dding these ineqs PA pirstD e need to proveX
u2 + v 2
roving ove inequlityX fy Es inequlityD
uv (u + v ).
2(u2 + v 2 ) (u + v )2 u2 + v 2
reneD dding up u C vD e hve
u+v (u + v ) u2 + v 2 uv (u + v ) 2
u2 + v 2 + u + v ( uv + 1)(u + v ) uv + 1 +
v u (1 + u) + (1 + v ) uv + 1 2 + u + v u+v u+v
v u (1 + u) + (1 + v ) u+v u+v v u v u edd oth sides (1 + u) + (1 + v ) 1+u+v uv + 2 u+ 2 v [fy mEgm] u+v u+v u+v u+v 1+u+v u+ v newline 1+2 u+v uv
1+2
1+u+v u+ v . u+v uv
he equlity is u = v = 1 RUSF vet a, b (0, 1]F rove tht

b a (a + b)2a + (a + b)2b (ab) a + b 2a+b+1
SolutionX
a b (a + b)2a + (a + b)2b (ab) a + b 2a+b+1 b a (a + b)2a + (a + b)2b 2(ab) a + b a + b 2
epplying ewEqwX
LHS =
(a + b)2a + (a + b)2b 4a (ab)a + 4b (a + b)b 2a+b 2a+b
a+b 2a 2b 2a 2b a . ( ab ) + .(ab)b 2. .(ab)a . a .(ab)b = 2(ab) 2 b a b 2 2 2 2 ine a, b (0; 1] (ab) (0; 1](1) end e hveX
a+b a b 1 < 2 + (2) 2 b a

prom (1) nd (2)
(ab)
a +b 2
(ab) b + a 2(ab)
a +b 2
2(ab) b + a LHS RHS
e think this inequlity is very ikD equlity holds when a = b = 1F
QHS
RUTF por ny positive rel numers a, b nd cD prove tht
a2 b2 c2 6(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + +a+b+c b c a a+b+c
SolutionX
(
cyc
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) a2 + b 2a) 2( a b c) b a+b+c

cyc
(a b)2 (a b)2 2 b a+b+c sym
1 2 (a b)2 ( )0 b a+b+c cyc
isy to see tht e only need to hek the se a b cF o Sc 0, Sa 0F isy to prove
Sa + 2Sb , Sc + 2Sb 0
xotive tht if Sa + Sb + Sc 0 then e n ssume tht Sa + Sb 0F vet x = a b, y = b c then Sc x2 + Sa y 2 + Sb (x + y )2 = (Sa + Sb )y 2 + 2Sb xy + (Sb + Sc )x2 feuse
2 = Sb (Sb + Sa )(Sb + Sc ) = (Sa Sb + Sb Sc + Sc Sa ) 0
o e re doneF fut this se is little using e enough to prove Sa + Sb + Sc 0 nd Sa Sb + Sa Sc + Sb Sc 0F fut
Sa + Sb + Sc =
1 1 1 6 + + 0andSa Sb + Sa Sc + Sb Sc 0 a b c a+b+c
a3 + b3 + c3 a2 b a2 c b2 a b2 c c2 a c2 b + 6abc 0,
whih ovuously trueF RUUD 2 2 if a1 , a2 , ..., an re nonnegtive numers suh tht a2 1 + a2 + ... + an = nD then
a2 1
n3 1 . +1 2( a1 )2
SolutionX
a2 (a1 + + an )2 a2 a2 n 1 2 + + + 2 2 2 2 2a2 a2 a2 na2 1 1 + a2 1 + an 1 + (a1 + + an )
edding this nd similr inequlitiesD the result followsF rition on the sme themeX if 2 2 a1 , a2 , ..., an re nonnegtive numers suh tht a2 1 + a2 + ... + an = nD then
n
k=1
1 n2 a2 (a1 + + an )2 k +n1
QHT
RUVD rove tht for ll positive rel numers a, b nd cD
bc ca ab 1 + + a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab 2k + 1
where kaIGPF
3k +
SolutionX
rewrite the inequlity s
cycl
2bc 1 a2 + bc
1 2k + 1
cycl
2a 1 b+c
cycl
bc a2 1 a2 + bc 2k + 1
cycl
(a b)2 (a + c)(b + c)
e hve
cycl
1 bc a2 = a2 + bc 2
cycl
1 (a + c)(b a) + (a + b)(c a) = a2 + bc 2
cycl
(a b)2 (ab c2 ) (a2 + bc)(b2 + ca)
hus the originl inequlity is equivlent to
(a b)2
cycl
2 (2k + 1)(c2 ab) + 2 (a + c)(b + c) (a + bc)(b2 + ca)
1 por 0 k 2 D it suffies to show tht
(a2 + bc)(b2 + ca) ab(a + c)(b + c)

QRSD vet a, b, c e positive rel numerF rove tht
(a + b + c)[
a b c 9 + + ] . (2a + b + c)(b + c) (2b + c + a)(c + a) (2c + a + b)(a + b) 8
vet a + b = z, a + c = y nd b + c = xF reneD
(a + b + c)[
cyc
b c 9 a + + ] (2a + b + c)(b + c) (2b + c + a)(c + a) (2c + a + b)(a + b) 8 (x + y + z )

cyc
(x + y + z )(y + z x) 9 x(y + z ) 2
cyc
1 1 x y+z 0
9 2
(x y )2
1 1 xy 2(z + x)(z + y )
whih oviously trueF ine the inequlity is homogenuous e suppose CCaI nd the inequlity is equivE lent toX a 9 2 1a 8 x xow onsidering the funtion f : (0, 1) > R, f (x) = 1 x2 @f is onvexA from tensen9s inequlity e hve X
a = 1 a2
f (a) 3 f
a+b+c 3
=3f
1 3
9 8
QHU
vet a + b + c = 3
ineq <=>
e hve this ineq
a b c 3 + + 2 2 2 9a 9b 9c 8 5a a 1 2 9a 32 32
<=>
o
(a 1)2 (5a + 9) 0itistrue 32(9 a2 )
b c 5(a + b + c) 3 3 a + + = 9 a2 9 b2 9 c2 32 32 8 QRTD if a, b, c re positive prove tht a b c 9 + + (2a + b + c)(b + c) (2b + a + c)(a + c) (2c + a + b)(a + b) 8(a + b + c)
vet a + b + c = 1
=> (1) <=>

e know tht
a/(1 a2 ) 9/8 <=>
a2 /(a a3 ) 9/8
2 2 2 a2 1 /b1 + a2 /b2 + a3 /b3 (a1 + a2 + a3 ) /(b1 + b2 + b3 ) =>
a2 /(a a3 ) 1/(1 a3 b3 c3 ) 9/8

feous (a3 + b3 + c3 )/3 ((a + b + c)/3)3 rere is nother Solution
1 a = (2a + b + c)(b + c) 2 1 2 1 1 b+c 2 1 1 = b+c 4
1 1 b + c 2a + b + c 9 1 b+c 8(a + b + c)
where the first inequlity follows from the illEknown ft
1 1 x+y 2
1 x
@put xaCD yaC nd zaCA nd the seond from gf inequlityF RUWF D por ny positive rel numers a, b nd cD
ab2 bc2 ca2 3 a2 + b2 + c2 + + c(c + a) a(a + b) b(b + c) 2 a+b+c
SolutionX
his inequlityD e n prove just use the followings
a2 + 6
3 (a + b + c + ab + bc + ca) 2
a, b, c > 0, abc = 1 a, b, c > 0
(a + b + c)2 3(ab + bc + ca)
QHV
xowD vet e post our Solution for it vemmF if x, y, z 0 suh tht xyz = 1 then
x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 6
3 (x + y + z + xy + yz + zx) 2
e n prove it y mixing vrile methodF fk to the originl prolem 1 1 1 etting a = x ,b = y ,z = z then the inequlity eomes
y 2 (z x2 + y2
x2 3 x2 y 2 + x) 2xyz xy x2 3( x2 y 2 )( x) y (z + x) 2xyz xy
sing the ove lemmD e get
x2 3 y2 2
nd the guhy hwrz inequlity gives us
x2 + y 2 6 xy
( x2 y (z + x) 2
x) 2 xy
3 2
x2 + y 2 ( 6+ xy 2 7(
x)2 3( x2 y 2 )( x) xy 2xyz xy
x2 xy ) 0 2 xy
whih is trueF RVHD rove thtD for ny positive rel numers a, b nd cD
b2 + c2 c2 + a2 a2 + b2 a2 + b2 + c2 + + 2 + a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
b2 + c2 = a2 + bc
2
cyc 2
cyc
a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + bc
2
cyc
a2 a2 + bc
b c (a + b + c)2 a + + a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab 2(ab + bc + ca)

xote tht
cycl
(b + c)2 = a2 + bc
cycl
b2 + c 2 + a2 + bc 1
cycl 2
cycl
2bc a2 + bc
=
cycl
b2 + c2 +2 a2 + bc
2
a2 a2 + bc a2 a2 + bc
=6+
cycl
b +c 2 a2 + bc
QHW
cycl
RVIF vet a, b, c > Frove thtX
cycl
b+c a+b+c 6 a ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
b+c + a
then e used guhy
b+c a
c+a ( 6 b
a)2 ab
b+c c+a c c c )( ) = (1 + )(1 + ) (1 + )2 a b a b ab
Ist SolutionX gheyshev nd guhy Pnd SolutionX rolder nd ewEqw ery nie inequlity e will follow the seond hint zz @e like rolderA fy holder e hve b+c 2 ( ) ( (a(b + c)2 )) 8(a + b + c)3 a
cycl
efter some trivil munipultion e hve to prove tht
4(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) 3

(a(b + c)2 )
(a2 b + b2 a) 6abc
whih is plin ewEqw ih vyq a b c then a + b a + c b + c nd
1 1 1 c b a
so y gheyshev
b+c 1 a 3
his wy do you use gheyhevc
1 ( ) a
( b + c)
cycl
b+c = a
b+c
cycl
a(b + c)
RVPD por positive rels a, b, cF rove tht
(a2 + ab + b2 )(b2 + bc + c2 )(c2 + ca + a2 ) (((b + c)(c + a)(a + b)) 3 (abc) 3 )3 .
SolutionX
ewrite the inequlity s
1+
(a2 + ab + b2 )(b2 + bc + c2 )(c2 + ca + a2 ) a2 b2 c2
(a + b)2 (b + c)2 (c + a)2 a2 b2 c2
QIH
fy rolder inequlityD
1 +
3
cycl
3 a2 + ab + b2 ab
1+
cycl
a2 + ab + b2 ab
=
cycl
(a + b)2 ab
xieF in ftD our Solution uses the similr methodF
(a2 + ab + b2 ) =
holds y rolderF
((a + b)2 ab) (RHS ), since
(pi qi ) ((
pi ) 3 (
qi ) 3 )3
RVQD por positive rels a, b, c prove tht

1 4(a + b + c)(bc + ca + ab) ((2a + b)(2b + c)(2c + a)) 3 . (b + c)2 + (c + a)2 + (a + b)2
SolutionX
((a+b+c)(bc+ca+ab))3 = ((a+b)(b+c)(c+a)+abc)3 ((a+b)3 +a3 )((b+c)3 +b3 )((c+a)3 +c3 ) = (2a + b)(2b + c)(2c + a)(a2 + ab + b2 )(b2 + bc + c2 )(c2 + ca + a2 )
so e need to show tht
8(a2 + ab + b2 )(b2 + bc + c2 )(c2 + ca + a2 ) (a2 + b2 + c2 + bc + ca + ab)3

RVRF vet x, y, z e positive rel numersF rove tht
x + x+y
y + y+z
3 2 z z+x 2
SolutionX
LHS = x(y + z )(z + x) + y (z + x)(x + y ) + z (x + y )(y + z )
(x + y )(y + z )(z + x) (x(y + z ) + y (z + x) + z (x + y ))(x + y + y + z + z + x)) (x + y )(y + z )(z + x) = 4 (xy + yz + zx)(x + y + z ) (x + y )(y + z )(z + x)
=2 =2
(x + y )(y + z )(z + x) + xyz (x + y )(y + z )(z + x) 1+ xyz (x + y )(y + z )(z + x) 1+ 3 2 . 2 1 8
2 =
QII
RVSF D vet a, b, c e positive rel numersF rove thtX

3
a2 + bc + b2 + c2
b2 + ca + c2 + a2
9 3 abc c2 + ab a2 + b2 a+b+c
SolutionX
fy the ewEqw inequlityD
2 2 a(b2 + c2 ) + b(c2 + a2 ) + c(a2 + b2 ) a(b2 + c2 ) 3 abc(b + c ) = + b + c 3 a2 + bc a2 + bc a2 + bc
rene
3
cycl
3(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca) 9 a2 + bc 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 abc(b + c ) a(b + c ) + b(c + a ) + c(a + b ) a+b+c
where e use the ft
(a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca) 3
cycl
a(b2 + c2 ) =
cycl
a(a b)(a c) 0
RVTF D vet a, b, c e positive rel numersF rove thtX
a3 + b3 + c3 + ab2 + bc2 + ca2 2(a2 b + b2 c + c2 a)
SolutionX
a3 + b3 + c3 + ab2 + bc2 + ca2 = a(a2 + b2 ) + b(b2 + c2 ) + c(c2 + a2 ) 2(a2 b + b2 c + c2 a) a3 + ab2 2a2 b
y ewEqwD nd i9re doneF
a3 + b3 + c3 + ab2 + bc2 + ca2 2

RVUF vet a, b, c e positiveF rove tht
(a + b + c)(a3 b2 + b3 c2 + c3 a2 )
a2 b2 c2 + + (a + b + c) b c a
a2 + b2 + c2 . ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
fy guhy inequlityD
b(c + a)2
cycl cycl
a2 (a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)2 b
(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)2 (a + b + c)
ine
a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca
b(c + a)2
cycl
a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca
2 a+b+c (a + b + c)2 3 2(ab + bc + ca)

QIP
cb(c + a)2
a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca
it remins to prove
2 a+b+c (a + b + c)2 b(c + a)2 3 2(ab + bc + ca) b(c + a)2
2 a+b+c (a + b + c)2 3 2(ab + bc + ca)
a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca 2(ab + bc + ca)
whih is true y the ewEqw inequlityF
a2 + b2 + c2 = 2 (a2 + b2 + c2 )(ab + bc + ca) ab + bc + ca
rere is nother Solution e found Frope to like it fy guhy wrtz a2 (a2 + b2 + c2 )2 2 b a b + b2 c + c2 a o it suffies to prove tht
(a2 + b2 + c2 )3 (ab + bc + ca) (a2 b + b2 c + c2 a)2 (a + b + c)2

fy s9s inequlity
(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 3(a3 b + bc + c3 a)
nd
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (a + b + c)2
o it remins to show tht
(a3 b + b3 c + c3 a)(ab + bc + ca) (a2 b + b2 c + c2 a)2

whih is true y guhy Ewrtz inequlity F RVVF D rove tht for ll positive rel numers a, b nd cF rove tht
a2 b2 c2 (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + b c a ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
y rossEmultiplition e get
a3 +
or equivlently
a2 c +
a3 c b a4 c2
a3 +
a2 b +
a2 c
a3 b2 c
whih is true y wuirhed @or lterntively notie tht
a4 c2 + b4 a2 2a3 b2 c
from ewEqw nd e re doneAF RVWD vet x, y, z positive rel numers suh tht x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1F rove tht
xyz +
x2 y 2
4 3
xyz (x + y + z )
QIQ
SolutionX
if D nd re positive rels suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 1D then
1+
romogenizingX
a2 + b2 + c2
4 ab + bc + ca 3
1+
(a2 + b2 + c2 )(a2 + b2 + c2 )
4 3
(ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 )
ithout loss of generlityD ssume CCaIF xote tht
cycl
2 a 3
= a2 + b2 + c2
fy guhyEhwrz inequlityD
(a2 + b2 + c2 )(a2 + b2 + c2 ) =
cycl
2 a 3 2 3
a2 =
cycl cycl
1 a
2 a 3
2 (a + b + c) 3
1 1 1 + + a b c
3=
cycl
b+c 1 a
cycl
b+c 2 a
(ab + bc + ca)(a2 + b2 + c2 )
whih is not hrd 33 RWHF vet a, b, c re nonEnegtiveF rove tht
a4 b4 c4 1 + + (a3 + b3 + c3 ) b+c a+c a+b 2
SolutionX
uppose a b c > 0F henX
a4 b4 c4 and
1 1 1 b+c c+a a+b
1 1 1 se gheushev9s inequlity with P pirs of numer (a4 , b4 , c4 nd ( b+ c , c+a , a+b ) e hveX
a4 b4 c4 1 1 1 1 + + (a4 + b4 + c4 )( + + )(1) b+c c+a a+b 3 b+c c+a a+b

se inequlity
1 1 1 9 + + x y z x+y+z 1 1 1 9 + + (2) a+b b+c c+a 2(a + b + c) a4 b4 c4 3 a4 + b4 + c4 + + . b+c a+c a+b 2 a+b+c
QIR
e hveX
prom @IAD@PAX

feuse
a3 + b3 + c3 2 1 3 (a + b3 + c3 )(a + b + c) 3
a4 + b4 + c4
se
a4 a2 (b + c) + a3 b+c 4 6a3 + b3 ab(a + b)
RWIF vet a, b, c > 0F rove thtX
a2 b2 c2 3 a3 + b3 + c3 . + + . 2 b+c a+c a+b 2 a + b2 + c2
SolutionX
se guhyX
cyc
a2 b+c
a4 (b + c)
cyc
(a3 + b3 + c3 )2
he remining inequlity is
2(a3 + b3 + c3 )(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 3
cyc
a4 (b + c)
whih is very nieF e hve
a4 (b + c) = (a3 + b3 + c3 )(ab + bc + ca) abc(a2 + b2 + c2 )

cyc
nd
a3 + b3 + c3 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca)

so it ftors3 wrF qreen it9s now equivlent to
(a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca) 3(a3 + b3 + c3 ) (a2 + b2 + c2 )(a + b + c) 0

whih is esy enoughF RWPD por ny three positive rels a, b, c e hve
a2 + b2 + c2 a+b+c
a2 + b2 a+b
SolutionX
3 a2 + b2 + c2 a+b+c = = = a2 + b2 = a+b a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + b2 a+b+c a+b
1 1 1 (a b) ab (c a) ca a+b+c b+c b+c 1 a+b+c (a b) ab (a b) ab 1 1 (c a) ca b+c b+c (c a) ca 1 b+c
1 a+b+c
1 b+c
QIS
1 a+b+c = 1 a+b+c =
(a b) ab
1 b+c
(a b) ab
1 c+a
(a b) ab
1 1 (a b) ab b+c c+a
2
1 a+b+c 3
(a b) ab 0 (b + c) (c + a) a2 + b2 a+b
nd thus
a2 + b2 + c2 a+b+c
Solution ompleteF
ill little over two yers lter why hrzis strongerc he first is
o the seond is stronger euseX
a2 + b2 + c2 a+b+c
(a2 + b2 ) ( a + b)
a2 + b2 + c2 a+b+c 3 a2 + b2 + c2 a+b+c =
a2 +b2 a+b
(a2 + b2 ) (a + b)
a2 + b2 = a+b
a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + b2 a+b+c a+b
1 1 1 (a b) ab (c a) ca a+b+c b+c b+c
FiFh RWQD vet a, b, c e nonEnegtive rel numers with sum 2F rove tht
a + b 2ab +
b + c 2bc +
c + a 2ca 2.
SolutionX
e my write the inequlity in the form
a+b ab + 2
b+c bc + 2
c+a ca 2. 2
quring oth sides of the inequlity gives
a + b + c (ab + bc + ca) + 2
a+b ab 2
b+c bc 2 c+a ca 2, 2
c+a a+b b+c ca ab + 2 bc 2 2 2 whih reds s follows fter some simple mnupiltions +2 a+b ab 2
ut
b+c bc + 2
c+a ca 2 a+b ab 2
QIT
a+b ab + 2 b+c bc . 2
b+c bc 2
c+a 1 ca (ab+bc+ca). 2 2
t=
xotie tht
a+b 1 1 ab = (a b)2 + c(a + b). 2 4 4 fy guhy hwrz inequlityD e hve t 1 1 |(a b)(b c)| + 2 2 ca(a + b)(b + c).
xow the rest is no prolem e think euse
|(ab)(bc)|+|(bc)(ca)|+|(ca)(ab)|+ ca(a + b)(c + b)+

o the rt of prolem solving is to get prolem no prolemF fy guhy hwrzD (a + c)(a + b) (a + bc)2 . husD it is suffiient to prove tht
ab(a + c)(b + c)+
bc(b + a)(c + a) 2(ab+bc+c
|(a b)(b c)| + ab + bc + ca +

cyclic
abc( a + b + c) 2(ab + bc + ca).
xote tht
a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca
cyclic
|(a b)(b c)|.
o finish the SolutionD e show tht
a2 + b2 + c2 +
abc( a + b + c) 2(ab + bc + ca),
RWRF D por ny positive rel numers D nd D
a(a + c) b(b + a) c(c + b) 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + b(b + c) c(c + a) a(a + b) ab + bc + ca

our wy is very omplitedFour Solution is very simpleF reneDe hveX
a(a + c) b(b + a) c(c + b) (a(a + c) + b(b + a) + c(c + b))2 + + =A b(b + c) c(c + a) a(a + b) ab(a + c)(b + a) + bc(b + a)(c + a) + ca(c + b)(a + b)
xowDe will proveX
A3
e hveY
a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca a2 ab ab)2 + 1 ab)2 3(
( (
this inequlity is proved3
a2 + ab)2 4 ab)2 + abc a (
a(a + c) b(b + a) c(c + b) (a(a + c) + b(b + a) + c(c + b))2 + + (Cauchy) b(b + c) c(c + a) a(a + b) ab(a + c)(b + a) + bc(b + a)(c + a) + ca(c + b)(a + b) = ( ( = a2 + ab)2 (Am-Gm) 4 ab)2 + abc a ( 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) ; ab + bc + ca
hus
a2 ab ab)2 + abc
(Muirhead) 4
ab)2
a2 ab 1 +3 ( ab)2
a(a + c) b(b + a) c(c + b) 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + b(b + c) c(c + a) a(a + b) ab + bc + ca
QIU
RWSF D if a, b, c re nonEnegtive numersD no two of whih re zeroD then
a2 b2 c2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + . a+b b+c c+a 2(a + b + c)
SolutionX
this follows trivilly from
a2 + b2 b2 + c2 c2 + a 2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + + a+b b+c c+a a+b+c

e think the ineq s post is true euse it is prolem of u hinh uy our friendFou n solve it y using
a2 b2 c2 b2 c2 a2 + + = + + a+b b+c c+a a+b b+c c+a

RWTF qiven some nonnegtive numersF rove the following inequlityX
2 a2 + b2 b2 + c2 c2 + a2 + + 2a + 2b + c 2b + 2c + a 2c + 2a + b
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) . 5
SolutionX
e hve
cycl
5(b2 + c2 ) (b + c) a + 2b + 2 c
=
cycl
b(c a) + c(b a) + 3(b c)2 a + 2b + 2c
=
cycl
(a b)2
3 c c + 2a + 2b (a + 2b + 2c)(b + 2c + 2a) (a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + a + b + c
nd
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 2(a + b + c) = 2
he given inequlity is thus equivnt to x(b c)2 + y (c a)2 + z (a b)2 0 where
z=
3 c c + 2a + 2b (a + 2b + 2c)(b + 2c + 2a)
2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + a + b + c
@nd similrly for x nd yAF fut z 0 sine
1 c c + 2a + 2b (a + 2b + 2c)(b + 2c + 2a)
nd
2 1 c + 2a + 2b a+b+c
2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + a + b + c
@nd similrly for x nd yAF RWUF por positive rel numers a, b nd cD
cycl
ab(a2 + bc) b+c
3abc(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 )
QIV
SolutionX
fy the illEknown inequlity (x + y + z )2 3(xy + yz + zx) it suffies to prove tht
ab
cycl
a2 + bc b2 + ca bc b+c c+a
abc(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 )
or equivlently
cycl 2 2
b(a2 + bc)(b2 + ca) ab2 + bc2 + ca2 (b + c)(c + a)
xote tht (a + bc)(b + ca) ab(a + c)(b + c) = c(a + b)(a b)2 0D tht isD
(a2 + bc)(b2 + ca) ab() (a + c)(b + c)

rene
b(a2 + bc)(b2 + ca) ab2 (a + c)(b + c)
edding this nd similr inequlitiesD the onlusion followsF eproposX @BA implies trivilly
(a3 + abc)(b3 + abc) ab (a + c)(b + c)

nd so
cycl
(a3 + abc)(b3 + abc) ab + bc + ca (a + c)(b + c)
his together with illEknown inequlity y gezr vupu yields
cycl
a3 + abc a+b+c b+c
in similr mnnerD e lso hve
cycl
b+c 1 1 1 + + a3 + abc a b c a2 + bc a+ b+ c b+c b+c 1 1 1 + + a2 + bc a c b
cycl
cycl
RWVF D qiven some nonnegtive numersF rove the following inequlityX
2 a2 + b2 b2 + c2 c2 + a2 + + 2a + 2b + c 2b + 2c + a 2c + 2a + b
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) . 5
SolutionX
e hve
cycl
5(b2 + c2 ) (b + c) a + 2b + 2 c
=
cycl
b(c a) + c(b a) + 3(b c)2 a + 2b + 2c

QIW
=
cycl
(a b)2
3 c c + 2a + 2b (a + 2b + 2c)(b + 2c + 2a) (a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + a + b + c
nd
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 2(a + b + c) = 2
he given inequlity is thus equivnt to x(b c)2 + y (c a)2 + z (a b)2 0 where
z=
3 c c + 2a + 2b (a + 2b + 2c)(b + 2c + 2a)
2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + a + b + c
@nd similrly for x nd yAF fut z 0 sine
1 c c + 2a + 2b (a + 2b + 2c)(b + 2c + 2a)
nd
2 1 c + 2a + 2b a+b+c
2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + a + b + c
@nd similrly for x nd yAF RWWF por ny positive rel numers a, b nd cD prove tht
6
a+b + a+c
b+c + b+a
c+a a+b+c 3 c+b abc
SolutionX
fy rolder9sX
LHS 3 3
cyc
a+b
cyc
1 =9+3 a+b sym
a+b . a+c
e re now to prove thtX
(a + b + c)3 9+3 abc sym

end e lso hveX
a+b . a+c
2(a + b + c)3 9abc sym
(a + b + c) a+b a+c
sym
cyc (b
c)2 + 6 9abc
2.
cyc
a(b c)2
(b c)2 a+b a+c a+b+ a+c
futX
(7a + b + c) a + b a + c a+b+ a+c

3
9abc.
3
cyc
a+b
cyc
1 = a+b
1 3
(1 +1 +1 )
1 3
a+b
b+c 1 6
c+a
1 6 a+c
1 6 b+a
1 6 c+b
1 3
a+b 6
QPH
cyc
1 = LHS. a+c
SHHF D etullyD the following stronger result holds

3
a+b + a+c
b+c + b+a
c+a a+b+c 3 c+b abc
SolutionX
vet9s rolder it gin3
3
a+b + a+c
b+c + b+a
c+a c+b
6(a + b + c)
1 1 1 + + a+b b+c c+a 1 1 1 + + a b c .
3(a + b + c)
he rest isX
(a + b + c)3 3(a + b + c) abc
1 1 1 + + a b c
(a + b + c)2 3(ab + bc + ca).
SHIF vet a, b, c e rel positive numersF rove tht
(a2 ab+b2 )(b2 bc+c2 )+(b2 bc+c2 )(c2 ca+a2 )+(c2 ca+a2 )(a2 ab+b2 ) a2 b2 +b2 c2 +c2 a2 .
it9s true for ll rels D nd F SolutionX this ineq is equivlent to
((a b)2 + ab)((a c)2 + ac)

cyc cyc
a2 b2 c2 (a b)2
cyc
cyc
2(a b)2 (a c)2 + 2ac(a b)2 + 2ab(a c)2
cyc
(a b)2 (a c)2 + (a b)2 (b c)2 + 2ac(a b)2 + 2bc(a b)2 c2 (a b)2 0

cyc
(a b)2 ((a c)2 + (b c)2 + 2ac + 2bc c2 ) 0

cyc
(a b)2 (a2 + b2 + c2 ) 0
SHPF rove tht for ll positive rels a, b, c e hveX
1)
bc + c2 ca + a2 ab + b2 + + 2 2 2 ac + c ba + a cb + b2 a2
2)
a4 b4 c4 a3 + b3 + c3 + 2 + 2 2 2 2 + ab + b b + bc + c c + ca + a a+b+c
SolutionX
IAepplying ewEqwD e otinX
b(a + b) ab + b2 4bc b + 4 , ac + c2 c(a + c) (a + b)(a + c) c+a

QPI
ke sum of three inequlitiesD
LHS +
cyc
4bc 4 (a + b)(a + c)
cyc
a b+c
woreoverD
LHS 4
cyc
a 4 b+c
cyc
bc 2 (a + b)(a + c)
cyc
a b+c
2
cyc
bc (a + b)(a + c)
cyc
a a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc a2 b b+c sym
eduing to hur9sF PAe hve
b4 c4 a3 + b3 + c3 a4 + + a2 + ab + b2 b2 + bc + c2 c2 + ca + a2 a+b+c <=> a2 b4 c4 3abc a4 + 2 + 2 + (a2 ab + (b2 bc) + (c2 ca) 2 2 + ab + b b + bc + c c + ca + a2 a+b+c <=>
cyc
a4 a2 + ab) a2 + ab + b2
3abc () a+b+c b2 1+
a b
fut
a4 a2 + ab) = a2 + ab + b2
ab3 = a2 + ab + b2
b a
fy guhyEhwrz9s inequlity we hve
b2 1+
a b
b a
3abc (a + b + c)2 (a + b + c)abc = a b ab + bc + ca a+b+c 3 + ( b + a)
rene () is true inequlityF FiDh SHQFD rove thtD for ny positive rel numers a, b nd cD
a2 + b2 + c2 12(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 41 + ab + bc + ca (a + b + c)3 9
SolutionX
a + b + c = 3F et w = ab + bc + ca, r = abcD then e hve a2 + b2 + c2 = 9 2wD nd (a+b)(b+c)(c+a) = (3a)(3b)(3c) = (93(a+b)+ab)(3c) = 279(a+b+c)abc+3(ab+bc+ca) = 3wr.
he desired inequlity reds
41 9 2w 12(3w r) + . w 27 9
iquivlentlyD
27(9 2w) + 12w(3w r) 123w.

SHRF D ab + ac + bc 0F rove tht
(a + b + c)6 27(a2 + b2 + c2 )(ab + ac + bc)2 .

QPP
SolutionX
in ftD
(a+b+c)6 27(a2 +b2 +c2 )(ab+bc+ca)2 = (a2 +b2 +c2 +8(ab+bc+ca))(a2 +b2 +c2 abbcca)2
he ltter expresion is positive whenever ab + bc + ca 0F FiFh SHSF D rove tht if x, y, z 0 then
(x + y + z )3 3(xy + yz + zx) 3(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ).
SolutionX ine the desired is homogenousD e n suppose vyq tht x + y + z = 3F et w = xy + yz + zxD now ll e need to prove is
27 w2 (9 2w).
his is true sine w 3F it9s just mEgmFFF wrF qreen
(a+b+c)2 = 3
(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + (ab + bc + ca) + (ab + bc + ca) 3 3 a2 + b2 + c2 3
(ab + bc + ca)2
SHTF D vet a, b, c three nonEnegtive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove the following inequlity 1 1 1 + 2 + 2 a2 + b2 + c2 . a2 a a SolutionF e will use hun9s lemmX
(a + b + c)3 3(ab + bc + ca) 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ).

sing a + b + c = 3D e get
27 (ab + bc + ca)2 (a2 + b2 + c2 ).

xowD if e prove tht
1 1 1 27 + 2+ 2 a2 a a (ab + bc + ca)2
e re doneF his lst inequlity redues to
(ab + bc + ca)2
1 1 1 + 2+ 2 2 a a a
27
futD this follows immeditely from these two trivil inequlitiesX
ab + bc + ca
3abc(a + b + c)and
1 1 1 a+b+c . + 2+ 2 2 a a a abc
SHUF x, y, z re positive rel numers suhD tht x + y + z = 3F rove thtX
1 1 1 9 + + . x + yz y + zx z + xy 2(xy + xz + yz )
QPQ
SolutionX
it is equivlent to
3 2(xy + yz + zx)
e hve
cycl
1 x(x + y + z ) + 3yz
1 1 (x y )(x z ) = 2(xy + yz + zx) x(x + y + z ) + 3yz 2(xy + yz + zx)(x(x + y + z ) + 3yz )

it suffies to prove
cycl
(x y )(x z ) 0 x(x + y + z ) + 3yz
essume x y z F hen
(z x)(z y ) 0 z (x + y + z ) + 3xy
purtherD
(x y )(x z ) (y z )(y x) z (2x + 2y z )(x y )2 + = 0 x(x + y + z ) + 3yz y (x + y + z ) + 3zx (x(x + y + z ) + 3yz )(y (x + y + z ) + 3zx)
nd the Solution is ompletedF FiFhF SHVF D rove thtD for ny positive rel numers a, b nd cD
cycl
a2 + bc 18 a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + (b + c)2 5 (a + b + c)2
SolutionX
18 a2 + b2 + c2 (b + c)2 bc + 3 2 2 a + ( b + c) 5 (a + b + c)2
ine (b + c)2 4bc hene it suffies to prove
4(a2
fy guhy inequlity e hve
(b + c)2 6 a2 + b2 + c2 + 1 2 + (b + c) ) 5 (a + b + c)2
(b + c)2 4(a2 + (b + c)2 )
(a + b + c)2 (a + b + c)2 = (a2 + (b + c)2 ) 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + (a + b + c)2
vyqD e my ssume a + b + c = 1F etting x = a2 + b2 + c2 then 3x 1D it remins to prove tht 1 6x + 1 2x + 1 5 x(3x 1) 0 hih is trueF vyqDssume tht a + b + c = 3F e hve to prove tht
2 2 (a + b2 + c2 ) 5
QPR
4a2 + (3 a)2 4(a2 + (3 a)2 )
his is n esy prolem euseX
2 2 4a2 + (3 a)2 11 11 a a (a 1)2 (80a2 168a + 171) 0 . . . 2 2 5 4(a + (3 a) ) 25 25

SHWF vet a, b, c e three positive rel numersF rove tht X
1 a2 + b2 + c2 a b c ab + bc + ca + + + 2 2 ab + bc + ca b+c c+a a+b 2(a2 + b2 + c2
SolutionX
1 a2 + b2 + c2 a b c + ( + + ) 2 ab + bc + ca b+c c+a a+b = (a3 + abc)(b c)2 0 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)(2(ab + bc + ca))
a b c ab + bc + ca + + + 2 b + c a + c a + b 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) = a3 (a b)(a c) + (a3 + b3 + c3 )(a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca) 0 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)(2(a2 + b2 + c2 ))
SIHF D vet a, b, c e three positive rel numersF rove tht X
1 a2 + b2 + c2 a b c + + + 2 ab + bc + ca b+c c+a a+b
SolutionX
sing the ewEqwX
ab
cycl cycl
a = b+c
a2 +
cycl cycl
abc b+c
a2 +
cycl cycl
a(b + c)2 4(b + c)
it seems two Solution re hrd to hewF
1 a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 ab + bc + ca
cyc
a b+c
(a b)2
cyc
c2 (ab + bc + ca)(c + a)(c + b)
cyc
a ab + bc + ca 2 b+c 2(a2 + b2 + c2 )
(a b)2
cyc
ab + bc + ca a2 0 (a + b)(b + c)(ab + bc + ca) Sc
log ssume c b a, thenSc 0andSa + Sb 0F
a b c ab + bc + ca + + 2 b+c c+a a+b 2(a2 + b2 + c2 )

fy guhyD
a b c (a + b + c)2 + + b+c c+a a+b 2(ab + bc + ca) B 2 + A2 C 4BC ()
it remins to prove tht where A = a + b + c, B = ab + bc + ca nd C = a2 + b2 + c2 F fut
A2 C = C 2 + 2BC
QPS
o @BA eomes
B 2 + C 2 2BC
whih is oviousF PA he following stronger inequlity holdsX
a b c 13 2(ab + bc + ca) + + . b+c c+a a+b 6 3(a2 + b2 + c2 )

ewrite it s
cycl
a 3 2 b+c 2 3
ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2 (a b)2 3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 0
cycl
(a b)2 2(a + c)(b + c)
cycl
(a b)2
cycl
1 1 2 2(a + c)(b + c) 3(a + b2 + c2 )
nd note tht
3(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 2(a + c)(b + c) = (a + b c)2 + 2(a b)2

he est inequlity of this type isX
cycl
3 ab + bc + ca a ( 3 1) 1 2 b+c 2 a + b2 + c2
rmmFFF inequlityX
cyc
1 3 1 (a + c)(b + c) a2 + b2 + c2
0.
SIIF D vet a, b, c e rel nonnegtive numersD prove tht
(a + b)(a + c) (b + c)(b + a) (c + a)(c + b) + + 5. a2 + bc b2 + ca c2 + ab
SolutionX
A (a + b)(a + c) (b + c)(b + a) (c + a)(c + b) + + a2 + ab b2 + ab ca + ab a+c b+c c+a + + A a b a A5
enother one is
x y z 2 + + . (x + y )(x + z ) (y + z )(y + x) (z + x)(z + y ) x+y+z

e don9t knowD mye e misunderstnding somethingD ut your inequlity is equivlent with 2(x + y )(y + z )(z + x) x(y + z ) + y (z + x) + z (x + y ) x+y+z QPT
2(x + y + z )(xy + yz + zx) 2(x + y )(y + z )(z + x) (x + y + z )(xy + yz + zx) (x + y )(y + z )(z + x) (x + y + z )(xy + yz + zx) (x + y + z )(xy + yz + zx) xyz xyz 0.
SIPF vet a nd b e positive rel numersD prove tht
a+
ab + b 3
a2/3 + b2/3 3 ) 2
SolutionX
uppose a 3 + b 3 = 2 end e put a = x6 b = y 6 o e will hve new puzzle X x4 + y 4 = 2F rove thtX x6 + y 6 + x3 y 3 3 e hve X
2 2
x6 + y 6 + x3 y 3 = x2 (2 y 4 ) + x3 y 3 + y 2 (2 x4 ) = (x2 + y 2 )(2 x2 y 2 ) + x3 y 3 = 1 (2 + x2 y 2 + 1)(2 x2 y 2 ) + x3 y 3 = 2 1 1 1 (6 x2 y 2 x4 y 4 ) + x3 y 3 = 3 + x3 y 3 (x2 y 2 + x4 y 4 ) 3 + x3 y 3 (2 x6 y 6 ) = 3 2 2 2 FiFh 2(x2 y 2 + 1)(2 x2 y 2 ) + x3 y 3

SIQF roveD for a, b, c > 0
a2 b2 c2 3 + + (a + b)(a + c) (b + c)(b + a) (c + a)(c + b) 4
SolutionX
is it the sme s
(a b)(a c) (b c)(b a) (c a)(c b) + + 0 (a + b)(a + c) (b + c)(b + a) (c + a)(c + b) LHS = a2 (b + c) + b2 (a + c) + c2 (a + b) (a + b)(a + c)(b + c) 2abc = = (a + b)(a + c)(b + c) (a + b)(a + c)(b + c) 1 2abc 3 2abc 1 = (a + b)(a + c)(b + c) 8abc 4
SIRF vet a, b, c > 0 nd a + b + c = 3F rove thtX
a b +1
8 3
3 2
SolutionX
sing illEknown pprohX
3
cycl
b8/3
a a = a 8/3 + 1 cycl b +1
=
cycl
ab8/3 ab8/3 1 = 8 / 3 4/3 2 1+b 2 b cycl
ab4/3
cycl
3 2
QPU
sine
3
cycl
ab4/3
cycl
(ab2 +2ab)
1 (a+b+c)(a2 +b2 +c2 )+2(ab+bc+ca) = a2 +b2 +c2 +2(ab+bc+ca) = (a+b+c)2 = 9 3
where e use 3(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 ) (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) whih is not diffiult to proveF SISF D rove tht a, b, c > 0 e hve
b2
a2 bc 0 + c2 + 2a2
et nother SolutionX fy guhyEhwrzD
32
cyc
c2 ab = 2c2 + a2 + b2
cyc
(a + b)2 a2 + b2 + 2c2
cycl
a2 b2 + =3 a2 + c2 b2 + c2
SITF vet x, y, z e positive rel numers suh tht x2 + y 2 + z 2 3F rove tht
1 + xy 1 + yz 1 + zx + 2 + 2 3. 2 z + xy x + yz y + zx
SolutionX
y guhyEhwrzD e getX
(z 2 + xy )(1 + xy )
cyc
1 + xy 1 + yz 1 + zx + + 2 z 2 + xy x2 + yz y + zx
(3 + xy + yz + zx)
so e should only to proveX
(3 + xy + yz + zx) 3
cyc
(z 2 + xy )(1 + xy ) x2 y 2 + 3
cyc cyc
9 + 6
cyc
xy + (
cyc
xy )2 3 xy 2
cyc cyc
xyz 2 + 9 + 3
cyc
xy
3
y
x2 y 2 +
cyc
xyz 2
x2 + y 2 + z 2 3
e should only to proveX
(
cyc
xy )(
cyc
x2 ) 2
cyc
x2 y 2 +
cyc
xyz 2
sym
x3 y 2
cyc
x2 y 2
ovious true here is shorter Solution ut it uses stronger result
cycl
3 + 3xy z 2 + xy
cycl
x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 3xy =3+ z 2 + xy
QPV
cycl
(x + y )2 9 z 2 + xy
where the lst inequlity follows from por ny three positive rel numers D D D prove the inequlity
(b + c) (c + a) (a + b) + 2 + 2 6. a2 + bc b + ca c + ab
SIUF vet a, b, c three nonnegtive rel numersF rove tht the following inequlity holds trueX
b2 + c2 c2 + a2 a 2 + b2 a2 + b2 + c2 + + 3 . a(b + c) b(c + a) c(a + b) ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
fy gheyshev nd guhyD
b2 + c2 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) a(b + c) 3
1 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 9 a2 + b2 + c2 = 3 a(b + c) 3 2(ab + bc + ca) ab + bc + ca
RIID vet x, y, z e positive rel numers suh tht x + y + z = 1F rove tht

cycl
1 1 1 9 + + x + yz y + zx z + xy 2 9 3 a)2 x+3 =2
cycl
1 1 1 + + x + yz y + zx z + xy 1 a+
b+c 2 2
yz
9 2 =2
cycl
1 a + bc cycl
=2
cycl
1 4a + (1
(1 +
a)2
1 9 9 2 = 1+a 3+a+b+c 2
ine x + y + z = 1D e hve x + yz = x(x + y + z ) + yz = y (x + z ) + x(x + z ) = (x + z )(y + x)F epplying ewEqw inequlity to get
(x + z )(y + x)
1 (2x + y + z ) 2
wo other similr inequlities nd ewErw inequlity solve the desired inequlityF SIVF rove tht a, b, c > 0 e hve
a2 bc 0 b2 + c2 + 2a2
SolutionX
yserve tht
cycl
a2 bc 1 = 2 2 2 2 2a + b + c
2a2 + b2 + c2
cycl
(b + c)2 2a2 + b2 + c2
fy guhyD
2(x2 + y 2 ) x + y F sing thisD 1 2a2 + b2 + c2 2 ( a2 + b2 +

cycl
a2 + c2 ) =
2
cycl
a2 + b2
cycl
yn the other hndD lso y guhy
cycl
(b + c)2 (b + c)2 2 2a2 + b2 + c2 a2 + b2 + a2 + c2 cycl

QPW

rene
2
cycl
c2 b2 + a 2 + b2 a2 + c2
2
cycl
a2 + b2 = 2 a2 + b2 cycl
a 2 + b2
2a2 + b2 + c2
cycl
2
cycl
a2 + b2
cycl
(b + c)2 2a2 + b2 + c2
from whih the result followsF SIWF qiven tht a, b, c > 0 nd abc = 1Frove thtX
cyc
1 1 a+b+1
SolutionX
vet a = x3 , b = y 3 , c = z 3 then xyz = 1 nd our inequlity eomes
1 x3 + y3 + xyz
1 xyz
sing the ft tht x3 + y 3 xy (x + y ) nd i9ve doneF n e shed s followsX ewEqw yields

2 a a a3 a a 3 3 a 3 + +133 1=3 =3 = 3 a3 = 3a b c b c bc abc
nd similrly
b b + + 1 3b; c a c c + + 1 3c. a b edding these three inequlities togetherD e get b c c a a b + + + + + + 3 3a + 3b + 3c = (2a + 2b + 2c) + (a + b + c) b c c a a b
fut ewEqw gin gives
3 a + b + c 3 abc = 3;
heneD
a a b b c c + + + + + + 3 (2a + 2b + 2c) + (a + b + c) (2a + 2b + 2c) + 3 b c c a a b a a b b c c + + + + + 2a + 2b + 2c. b c c a a b xowD lgeri omputtionD t first without the ondition a ID yields 2a + 2b + 2c a2 c + a2 b + b2 a + b2 c + c2 b + c2 a + 2 2abc 1 1 1 + + 1 = a+b+1 b+c+1 c+a+1 (a + b + 1) (b + c + 1) (c + a + 1)
xowD using abc = 1D e n simplify this to in other wordsD
2a + 2b + 2c a2 c + a2 b + b2 a + b2 c + c2 b + c2 a 1 1 1 + + 1 = a+b+1 b+c+1 c+a+1 (a + b + 1) (b + c + 1) (c + a + 1)

QQH
a b b c 2a + 2b + 2c a b + c + c + a + a + (a + b + 1) (b + c + 1) (c + a + 1)
c b
fut this is negtiveD sine e hve lredy seen tht
a a b b c c + + + + + 2a + 2b + 2c. b c c a a b
reneD e hve
1 1 1 + + 1, a+b+1 b+c+1 c+a+1 rere is our Solution for IF fy guhyEhwrz e hve (a + b + 1)(1 + 1 + c) ( a + b + c)2 , so 1 c+2 a+b+1 ( a + b + c)2
hus
1 a+b+1
a+b+c+6 c+2 = 1 ( a + b + c)2 ( a + b + c)2
SPHF ith the ove onditionsD prove thtX
cyc
c 1 a+b+1
SolutionX
c = a+b+1 c2 (a + b + c)2 a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) = ac + bc + c 2(ab + bc + ca) + a + b + c (a + b + c) + 2(ab + bc + ca)
cyc
cyc
it is esy y ewEqw to prove
a2 + b2 + c2 a + b + c
SPIF vet a, b, c e positive relsF hen
cycl
a+bc 3 a2 + ab + b2 a+b+c
SolutionX
it9s equivlent to
(a + b)2 c2 3 a2 + b2 + ab a2 + b2 + ab 3(a + b)2 4
ine the inequlity eomes
3 c2 (a + b)2 4
whih is ill knownF SPPF vet a, b, c > 0 suh tht their sum is 3F rove tht the following inequlity holdsX
a3 + abc b3 + abc c3 + abc 3 + + . 2 2 2 (b + c) (c + a) ( a + b) 2

QQI
SolutionX
essume a b cF fy hur9s inequlityD
a (b + c)2
it follows tht
(a b)(a c) 0
LHS
a2 (b + c) = (b + c)2
a2 a+b+c 3 = . b+c 2 2
fy gheyshevD then irn IWWTD then hur
LHS 3 4(xy + yz + zx)
1 3
x3 + xyz x3 + xyz
1 (x + y )2 1 (xy + yz + zx)(x + y + z ) 2 xy + yz + zx
x+y+z = f rac32 2
whih yields the desired resultF e n do without irn IWWT s followsX y gheyshev nd gfD
cycl
a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc a3 + abc 2 (b + c) 3
cycl
1 3(a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc) 2 2 (b + c) 2(a + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)
nd note tht using hur e hve
(ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c) a3 + b3 + c3 + 6abc

nd
(a2 + b2 + c2 )(a + b + c) = a3 + b3 + c3 + a2 (b + c) + b2 (c + a) + c2 (a + b) 2(a3 + b3 + c3 ) + 3abc

so tht
(a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca) 3(a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc)

SPQF D vet a, b, c e positive rel numers nd a + b + c = 1F rove tht this inequlity holdsX
ab + ab + c
ac + ac + b
3 bc bc + a 2
SolutionX
bc = bc + a bc = bc + 1 b c bc 1 b c .( + ) (a + b)(a + c) 2 a+b a+c
a+b+c a b c + + 1+a+b+c 1 + 3a 1 + 3b 1 + 3c
SolutionX
ewrite s
f
with
a+b+c 3
f (a) + f (b) + f (c) 3 1 1 + 1/x
f (x) =
QQP
enother SolutionX the given ineq is speil se of the following
a1 nS 1 + ka1 n + kS
where k 0andS =
ai D whihD in turnD n e dedued from xW e yW e ( xW e + yi ) xi yi xi + yi
y letting xi = kai nd yi = 1F SPSF vet a, b, c, d e positive rel numers suh tht abcd = 1F rove tht
1 1 1 1 + + + 2 a(1 + b) b(1 + c) c(1 + d) d(1 + a)
SolutionX
ut
a=
he given ineq eomes
x y z w ,b = ,c = ,d = . w x y z w 2 x+y
cycl
whih n e esily proved using guhyEhwrzF SPTF IA if a, b, re positive rels suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 prove tht
2abc(a + b + c) 2(a + b + c)2 + 1.
SolutionX
1 = (a2 + b2 + c2 )2 (ab + bc + ca)2 3abc(a + b + c) 2(a + b + c)2 + 1 = (a2 + b2 + c2 )(3a2 + 3b2 + 3c2 + 4ab + 4ac + 4bc) = 3a4 + 3a2 b2 + 3a2 c2 + 4a3 b + 4a3 c + 4a2 bc 2abc(a + b + c)
cyc
cyc
3a4 + 3a2 b2 + 3a2 c2 + 4a3 b + 4a3 c + 2a2 bc 0 2(a + b + c)2 + 1 21abc(a + b + c)
PA vet a1 , . . . , an (n 2) e positive relsD nd let S = a1 + + an F he for ny k ZD

n
i=1
ak S k 1 i k 2 S ai n (n 1)
y h older9s inequlity e hve tht

n
i=1
ak i S ai
n
S ai
i=1 i=1
k 2
i=1
ai
i=1
ak Sk S k 1 i k 2 = k 2 S ai n (n 1)S n (n 1)
QQQ
SPUF if a, b, c > 0 then
a3
a5 b5 c5 a2 + b2 + c2 + 3 + 3 3 3 3 +b b +c c +a 2
SolutionX
he inequlity is equivlent toX
a2 (a3 b3 ) b2 (b3 c3 ) c2 (c3 a3 ) + + 0 a3 + b3 b3 + c3 c3 + a 3

sine it suffies to prove thtX
a2 + ab + b2 1, a2 ab + b2 a2 (a b) 0, a+b
a(a2 + b2 ) b(b2 + c2 ) c(a2 + c2 ) + + ab + ac + bc a+b b+c a+c

ut e know thtX
1 (a + b)2 , 2 similrly for others then it suffies to prove thtX a2 + b2 a2 + b2 + c2 ab + ac + bc

whih is trueF PA
a2 + b2 + c2
is equivlent to
2a2 b3 a3 + b3 2ab2 a+b
a2 + b2 + c2
e think tht it follows from whih is
2ab2 2a2 b3 3 a+b a + b3 (a + b)(a b)2 0
cyc
a2 + b2 + c2 a5 a 3 + b3 2
cyc
a5 a 2 + b2 a3 + b3 4
cyc
(a b)(3a4 + 3a3 b + 2a2 b2 + ab3 + b4 ) 5(a2 b2 ) a3 + b3 2

cyc
(a b)2 (a3 + 2a2 b + 6ab2 + 3b3 ) 0. a3 + b3
SPVF qiven a, b, c 0F rove thtX
(a4 + b4 + c4 )(a3 + b3 + c3 )(a + b + c) 9abc(a5 + b5 + c5 )

QQR
SolutionX
ineq emeX
Sa =
a3 + b3 + c3 3(a5 + b5 + c5 ) 3abc (a + b + c)(a4 + b4 + c4 )
a + b + c a3 + 2bc(b + c) (b2 + bc + c2 )(a + b + c) + 2abc (a + b + c)(a4 + b4 + c4 )
e esily to see Sa, Sb 0 e only need to prove thtX Sb + Sc 0 e hveX
Sb+Sc
feuse
a + b + c 2abc + 2(a2 + b2 + c2 )(a + b + c) a + b + c 20(a2 + b2 + c2 )(a + b + c) >0 4 4 4 abc (a + b + c )(a + b + c) abc 9(a4 + b4 + c4 ) (a + b + c)5 81abc(a2 + b2 + c2 ) Q.E.D
SPWFF if a, b, c re nonEnegtive numersD no two of whih re zeroD then
9(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 2a2 + bc . b+c 2(a + b + c)
SolutionX
he inequlity is equivlent toX
cyc
2a3 + abc + 2a2 + bc b+c
9 2 (a + b2 + c2 ). 2
elling the known inequlityX
cyc
a3 + abc a2 + b2 + c2 . b+c
it suffies to prove thtX

cyc
a3 3 + bc (a2 + b2 + c2 ) b+c 2 a2 + b2 c2 (a b)2 0 (a + c)(b + c) Sc (a b)2 0.

cyc
cyc
essuming a b cD heneX
Sc 0, Sb 0, Sb + Sa =
SQHF D qiven a, b, c 0F rove thtX
c2 (a + b + 2c) + (a + b)(a b)2 0. (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
a2 + 4bc + b2 + 4ca + c2 + 4ab

QQS
15(ab + bc + ca)
SolutionX
sed ewEqwD e only need to prve thtX
216(a2 + 4bc)(b2 + 4ca)(c2 + 4ab) (11

ith a + b + c = 3D it9s emesX
ab
a2 )3
216(125r2 + 4q 3 180qr + 432r) (13q 9)3 f (r) = 216(432 + 250r 180q ) 0 f (r) f (0) 0alwaystrueswithq 2.59 W ithq 2.59, W ehave : f (r) f ( 4q 9 ) = (3 q )(q + 4.48)(q 2.02) 0 3 Q.E.D
o llnmes X pirstD squring FxextD use mEgm feuse of hurX
9 + 3abc 4(ab + bc + ca)

if k = 5D ineq is not trueF if k < 3.59D e n prove esily yX
(a2 + kbc)(b2 + kca)(c2 + kab)

oD k = 4 is nie
(1 + k )3 (ab + bc + ca)3 27
SQIFF vet a, b nd c e nonEnegtive numersD no two of them re zeroF rove thtX
ab ac bc (a + b + c)(ab + ac + bc) + + (a + b)2 (a + c)2 (b + c)2 4(a3 + b3 + c3 )
SolutionX
ab (ab + bc + ca)2 (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) a2 + b2 ab(a2 + b2 ) 2(a3 + b3 + c3 ) 2(ab + bc + ca)(a3 + b3 + c3 ) (a + b + c)
SQPF qiven a, b, c > 0F rove thtX
ab(a2 + b2 )
ab(a3 + b3 )
a2 b2 (a + b)
ab(a + b)(a b)2 0
1 1 1 + + a+b b+c c+a a+b+c+
9 3(ab + bc + ca)
SolutionX
he ineq is equivlent to X
a2 + b2 + c2 + 3(ab + bc + ca) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) a+b+c+

QQT
9 3(ab + bc + ca)
vet
a + b + c = 3u, ab + bc + ca = 3v 2 , abc = w3 1 3u2 + v 2 9uv 2 w3 u+v herefore e only hve to prove the ineq when a nd aHDwhih is trivilF
e n ontinue without onsidering P ses@a nd aHAF he ineq eomesX
<=> w3 + v 3 + 3u2 v + 3u3 8uv 2 <=> (w3 + 3u3 4uv 2 ) + v (u v )(3u v ) 0

whih is true sine
(w3 + 3u3 4uv 2 ) 0

@hur ineqA nd u v
0 = a3 =
FiFh
a3 5
a2 (b + c) 9abc + bc bc +3 a+ 3
a2 + 3 a2 + 3
bc bc
3 3 bc bc .
bc bc
a2 (b + c) + 3abc 4 a(a b)(a c) + a2 ( a2
a2 + 5 bc) 3 + 4
bc a
SQQF vet a, b, c e nonnegtive numers nd ab + bc + ca = 1F roveX
1 1 1 + + 2 (1 + a2 )2 (1 + b2 )2 (1 + c2 )2
SolutionX
1 cyc (1+a2 )2
1 cyc (a+b)2 (a+c)2 cyc (a 2
2 (ab+ac+bc)2 cyc (a
(ab + ac + bc)2
+ ab)
+ b)2 .
vet a + b + c = 3u, ab + bc + ca = 3v 2 nd abc = w3 . reneD (ab + ac + bc)2

2 cyc (a
+ ab)
cyc (a
+ b)2 w3 9uv 2
27(3u2 v 2 )v 4 .
fut w3 gets mximl vlue when two numers from {a, b, c} re equlF id estD it remins to prove tht
(ab + ac + bc)2
2 cyc (a
+ ab)
cyc (a
+ b)2 for b = c = 1,
whih gives 4a3 + 3a2 + 2a + 1 0.
QQU
it is true euse a 0 SQRF vet a, b, c > 0F rove thtX
3b4 + b2 c2 3c4 + c2 a2 3a4 + a2 b2 + + 2 (a + b + c) a3 + b3 b3 + c3 c3 + a 3
SolutionX
3a4 + a2 b2 3b4 + b2 c2 3c4 + c2 a2 + + 2 (a + b + c) a3 + b3 b3 + c3 c3 + a 3 3a4 + a2 b2 2a a 3 + b3 0 0
(a b) a3 + a2 b + 2ab2 a 3 + b3
(a b) a3 + a2 b + 2ab2 2 (a b) a3 + b3
2 2
0
2
etting
2c2 b2 (b c) 2a2 c2 (c a) 2b2 a2 (a b) + + 0 b3 + c3 c3 + a3 a3 + b3 Sa = Sb = Sc = 2c2 b2 b3 + c3 2a2 c2 c3 + a3
2b2 a2 a3 + b3 Sb 0
hen e will show tht
Sb + 2Sc 0
2 a2 Sb + 2b2 Sa 0
pirst e will prove Sb + 2Sc 0F
Sb + 2Sc =
2a2 c2
a3 + b3 + a3 + c3 (a3 + b3 ) (a3 + c3 )
4b2 2a2
2a2 b3 2a2 c3 + 4a3 b2 a3 c2 b3 c2 + 4b2 c3 0 (a3 + b3 ) (a3 + c3 )
2 xow e will prove a2 Sb + 2b2 Sa 0 2 a2 Sb + 2b2 Sa 0
etting f (a) =
a2 (2a2 c2 ) a3 +c3
a2 2a2 c2 2b2 2c2 b2 + 0 a3 + c3 b3 + c3
2b2 (2c2 b2 ) b3 +c3
f (a) =
2a6 + 8a3 b3 + a4 c2 2ac5 (a3 + c3 )

2
QQV
3b2 c2 0 b3 + c3 epplying the two inequlity e hve proved e get f (a) f (b) = Sa (b c)
2
Sa (b c) +
Sb (c a) 2
Sb (b c) Sb (a b) 2 + + Sc (a b) 2 2
e hve done in the se a b c SQSF if a, b, c, d, e re positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c + d + e = 5D then
1 1 1 1 1 20 9 + + + + + 2 a b c d e a + b2 + c2 + d2 + e2
SolutionX in this SolutionD
f (a, b) mens f (a, b) + f (a, c) + f (a, d) + f (a, e) + f (b, c) + f (b, d) +f (b, e) + f (c, d) + f (c, e) + f (d, e)F e will firstly rewrite the inequlity s
sym
1 1 1 1 1 25 4(a + b + c + d + e)2 + + + + 4 . a b c d e a+b+c+d+e 5(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + e2 )

sing the identities
( a + b + c + d + e)
1 1 1 1 1 + + + + a b c d e
25 =
(a b)2 ab sym b)2
nd 5(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + e2 ) (a + b + c + d + e)2 = e n rewrite gin the inequlity s
sym (a
2 1 (a b)2 4 sym (a b) 2 a + b + c + d + e sym ab 5 a + b2 + c2 + d2 + e2 1 a2 +b2 +c4 or sym Sab (a b)2 0 where Sxy = xy 2 +d2 +e2 for ll x, y {a, b, c, d, e}F essume tht a b c d e > 0F e will show tht Sbc + Sbd 0 nd Sab + Sac + Sad + Sae 0F indeedD e hve
Sbc + Sbd =
1 1 8 + 2 2 bc bd a + b + c2 + d2 + e2 1 1 8 > + 2 2 bc bd b + b + c2 + d2 1 1 8 + 0 bc bd 2bc + 2bd
nd
Sab +Sac +Sad +Sae =
16 1 1 1 1 16 16 + + + 0. 1 ab ac ad ae a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + e2 a(b + c + d + e) a2 + 4 (b + c + d + e)2
reneD with notie tht Sbd Sbc nd Sae Sad Sac Sab e hve Sbd 0 nd Sae 0, Sae + Sad 0, Sae + Sad + Sac 0F husD Sbd (b d)2 + Sbc (b c)2 (Sbd + Sbc )(b c)2 0 (1) nd
Sae (ae)2 +Sad (ad)2 +Sac (ac)2 +Sab (ab)2 (Sae +Sad )(ad)2 +Sac (ac)2 +Sab (ab)2
QQW
(Sae + Sad + Sac )(a c)2 + Sab (a b)2 (Sae + Sad + Sac + Sab )(a b)2 0
(2)
yn the other hndD Sbe Sbd 0 nd Sde Sce Scd Sbd 0 (3)F hereforeD from @IAD @PA nd @QA e get sym Sab (a b)2 0. iqulity ours when a = b = c = d = e or a = 2b = 2c = 2d = 2e SQTF rolemFpor three positive rel numers a, b, cD prove tht
1 1 11 + 5 5 1 + + (a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 2(a2 + b2 + c2 )

hen does the equlity hold c SolutionX ine the inequlity is symmetri e n ssume tht a b cF if e fix a b, b c, c aD then the mximum of RHS is when c = 0F oD x = a b, y = b c then the inequlity is
1 1 1 11 + 5 5 + 2+ x2 y (x + y )2 2((x + y )2 + y 2 )
wultiply x2 to this inequlity nd
p=
thenDthe inequlity is
y x
1+
1 1 11 + 5 5 + p2 (1 + p)2 2((1 + p)2 + p2 )
nd when e multiply 2(p2 + (p + 1)2 ) to this inequlityD it is equivlent to
2(2p2 + 2p + 1) 4 + + 4p(p + 1) 1 + 5 2 2 p(p + 1) p (p + 1)

F x = p(p + 1) then 8 2 x + x2 + 4 x 1 + 5 5 F 8 2 if e differentite x +x 2 + 4x to evlute minimumD 3 x 2x + 1 = 0 is theondition whih is equl to (x2 x 1)(x + 1) = 0F ine x > 0D x2 = x + 1 nd x = 1+2 5 F if e evlute the vlueD minimum is when 1+ 5 x= 2 F he ondition of equlity is c = 0D nd b b ab 1+ 5 ( + 1) = = a2 2ab + b2 ab ab (a b)2 2 QRH
=
or
51 ab a2 2
a 5+3 ab + b2 = 0 2 b
3 51 2
b = a
5+3 2
+ 2
SQUF if a, b, c re positive numers suh tht a + b + c = 3D then
a b c 3 + + 3 a + b2 3b + c2 3c + a2 4
SolutionX
3 b2 2 b + 3a 4
LHS
it suffies to prove
(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 a4 + (a + b + c) ab2
4(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 3 (a2 + b2 + c2 )2 3
fy sg9s inequlityD e hve
a4 + 3
a2 b2 + 3 a2 b2
ab3 + 3
a2 bc
ab3 + 3(
a2 bc) 0
(a2 + b2 + c2 )2 3
fy em Eqw inequlityD
ab3 0
a2 b2
e re doneF
a2 bc 0
SQVF vet a, b, c > 0Frove thtX 1 1 1 a+b+c 3 a+b + b+c + c+a 2(ab+bc+ca) + a+b+c F SolutionX vet put p = a + b + c, q = ab + bc + ca, r = abcD his inequlity is equivlent toX
p 3 p2 + q + pq r 2q p
fy expnding expression e hveX
p2 + 3 p 3 + 3p r 6 p
(p2 + 3)6p p2 (3p r) 18(3p r) 0 3p3 + p2 r 36p + 18r 0
QRI
prom the illEknown inequlityD the third degree hur9s inequlity sttesX
p3 4pq + 9r 0 p3 12p + 9r 0
e hveX
3p3 + p2 r 36p + 18r 0 3(p3 12p + 9r) + r(p2 9) 0

yn the other hndD e hveX
r(p2 9) 0 (a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 0

SQWGG vet DD e nonnegtive rel numersD not ll re zeroF rove thtX
7a + a + 3b + 3c
7b + b + 3c + 3a
7c 3 c + 3 a + 3b
SolutionX
fy guhy hwrz inequlityD e hveX
(
cyc
7a 7a )2 [ (17a + 2b + 2c)][ ] a + 3b + 3c (17a + 2b + 2c)(a + 3b + 3c) cyc cyc =3

cyc
49a(a + b + c) (17a + 2b + 2c)(a + 3b + 3c)
e need to proveX
cyc
49a(a + b + c) 3 (17a + 2b + 2c)(a + 3b + 3c) (b + c 2a)(8a + 3b + 3c) ]0 (17a + 2b + 2c)(a + 3b + 3c)
[1
cyc
49a(a + b + c) ]0 (17a + 2b + 2c)(a + 3b + 3c)
cyc
xormlize tht
a+b+c=1
D then the inequlity eomes
cyc
(b + c 2a)(5a + 3) 0 (15a + 2)(3 2a)
(a b)[
cyc
5b + 3 5a + 3 ]0 (15b + 2)(3 2b) (15a + 2)(3 2a)
(a b)2 (1 + 30c 50ab)(15c + 2)(3 2c) 0

cyc
ithout loss of generlityD e my ssume
abca
1 , 3
QRP
then e hve
1 + 30a 50bc 1 + 30a 50( =
b+c 2 1a 2 ) = 1 + 30a 50( ) 2 2
1 1 (110a 25a2 23) (110 25a2 23.3a) = 4a > 0 2 2
1 + 30b 50ca = 1 + 30b 50b(a + c b) + 50(a b)(b c) = 1 + 30b 50b(1 2b) + 50(a b)(b c) = (10b 1)2 + 50(a b)(b c) 0 1 + 30b 50ca + 1 + 30c 50ab = 2 + 30(b + c) 50a(b + c) = 2 + 30(1 a) 50a(1 a) = 2(5a 4)2 0
end
(15b + 2)(3 2b) (15c + 2)(3 2c) = (b c)(41 30b 30c) 0

herefore
LSH (a c)2 (1 + 30b 50ca)(15b + 2)(3 2b) + (a b)2 (1 + 30c 50ab)(15c + 2)(3 2c)
(a b)2 (1 + 30b 50ca)(15c + 2)(3 2c) + (a b)2 (1 + 30c 50ab)(15c + 2)(3 2c)
= (a b)2 ((15c + 2)(3 2c)(1 + 30b 50ca + 1 + 30c 50ab) 0

yur inequlity is provedF iqulity holds if nd only if
a=b=c=1
or
a = 8b = 8c
or ny yli permuttionsF SRHF if a, b, c re nonnegtive rel numersD then
a2 (a b)(a c)(3a 5b)(3a 5c) 0
SolutionX
vet a + b + c = 3u, ab + ac + bc = 3v 2 , abc = w3 nd u2 = tv 2 . reneD a2 (a b)(a c)(3a 5b)(3a 5c) 0
cyc
cyc
(4.5a6 24a5 b + 15a4 b2 + 32a4 bc 40a3 b2 c + 12.5a2 b2 c2 ) 0 49w6 + 112(3u2 4v 2 )uw3 + 9(9u2 2v 2 )(3u2 4v 2 )2 0.
QRQ
= (3u2 4v 2 )2 (18v 2 17u2 ). husD for t 18 it9s enough to prove tht hile for 1 t 17
14 3
18 17
the inequlity is trueF
8u(4v 2 3u2 ) (4v 2 3u2 ) 18v 2 17u2 w . 7 (a b)2 (a c)2 (b c)2 0 gives w3 3uv 2 2u3 + 2 reneD it remins to prove tht 3uv 2u + 2
2 3
(u2 v 2 )3 .
(u2
v 2 )3
8u(4v 2 3u2 ) (4v 2 3u2 ) 18v 2 17u2 , 7
(4v 2 3u2 ) 18v 2 17u2 11uv 2 10u3 14
(u2 v 2 )3 .
18 11uv 2 10u3 14 (u2 v 2 )3 is true for 1 t 17 . reneD (4v 2 3u2 ) 18v 2 17u2 11uv 2 10u3 14 (u2 v 2 )3
(4v 2 3u2 ) 18v 2 17u2
11uv 2 10u3 14 (u2 v 2 )3
449t3 1378t2 + 1413t 484 28(11 10t) t(t 1)3 449t2 929t + 484 28(11 10t) t(t 1) (3t 4)2 (117t 121)2 0,
whih is trueF SRIF veta, b, c, d, e 0
(a2 + 1)(b2 + 1)(c2 + 1)(d2 + 1)(e2 + 1) (a + b + c + d + e 1)2
SolutionX
(a2 + 1)(b2 + 1)(c2 + 1)(d2 + 1)(e2 + 1) (a + b + c + d + e 1)2 1 1 1 a2 b2 c2 + a2 b2 ab + 2(a + b + c + d + e) = 12 sym 12 sym 6 sym
1 (3a2 b2 c2 + a2 b2 + a2 c2 + b2 c2 2(ab + ac + bc) + a + b + c) 36 sym
vet f (a, b, c) = 3a2 b2 c2 + a2 b2 + a2 c2 + b2 c2 2(ab + ac + bc)+ a + b + cD where a = min{a, b, c}F reneD
f (a, b, c) f a, bc, bc = a2 (b c)2 2a( b c)2 + ( b c)2 = = ( b c)2 ( b + c)2 a2 2a + 1 ( b c)2 (4a3 2a + 1) = = ( b c)2 4a3 + 0.5 + 0.5 2a ( b c)2 a 0
reneD it remins to prove tht f (a, b, b) 0F fut f (a, b, b) 0 (3b4 + 2b2 )a2 (4b 1)a + b4 2b2 + 2b 0
QRR
whih is true for
b
euse
1 4
b4 2b2 + 2b = b(b3 + 1 + 1 3b + b) 0
(4b 1)2 4(3b4 + 2b2 )(b4 2b2 + 2b) 0
hih is true for b > 1 4F => Q.E.D SRPF vet a, b, c > 0 : ab + bc + ca = 2. rove tht X
2a2 + bc + a2 + bc
2b2 + ca + b2 + ca
2c2 + ab 2 c2 + ab abc
SolutionX fy guhyEhwrs inequlityD

2a2 + bc a2 + bc
e hve
2
1 2
1 a
(2a2 + bc)(b + c) a2 + bc
1 abc
(2a2 + bc)(b + c) a2 + bc
(2a2 + bc)(b + c) = a2 + bc =3
thusD
(2b + c)(a2 + bc) + c(a2 b2 ) a2 + bc abc( a2 b2 a4 ) 3 (a2 + bc)

2
a+
c(a2 b2 ) =3 a2 + bc
a+
ab)2 4 = abc abc
2a2 + bc a2 + bc
4 a2 b2 c2
nd tht is the desired resultF SRQF uppose DDDd re positive integers with ab + cd = 1. henD por W e = 1, 2, 3, 4,let (xi )2 + (yi )2 = 1, where xi nd yi re rel numersF how tht
a b c d (ay1 + by2 + cy3 + dy4 )2 + (ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx1 )2 2( + + + ). b a d c

olitionX se guhyEhwrtz D e hve
(ay1 + by2 + cy3 + dy4 )2 (ab + cd)( (ay1 + by2 )2 (cy3 + dy4 )2 + )= ab cd (ay1 + by2 )2 (cy3 + dy4 )2 + ab cd
QRS
imilrX
(ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx1 )2 (ab + cd)( =

futX
(ax4 + bx3 )2 (cx2 + dx1 )2 + ) ab cd
(ax4 + bx3 )2 (cx2 + dx1 )2 + ab cd
(ay1 + by2 )2 (ay1 + by2 )2 + (ax1 bx2 )2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab(y1 y2 x1 x2 )

imilrF
(cx2 + dx1 )2 c2 + d2 + 2cd(x1 x2 y1 y2 )

then e getX
(cx2 + dx1 )2 (ay1 + by2 )2 + ab cd a b c d + + + b a d c

@IA he sme rgument show thtX
(ax4 + bx3 )2 (cy3 + dy4 )2 + cd ab a b c d + + + b a d c

@PA gomining @IAY@PA e get F FiFh SRRF vet a, b, c > 0Frove thtX
a2 bc 8a2 + (b + c)2
b2 ca 8b2 + (c + a)2
c2 ab 8c2 + (a + b)2
SolutionX
a2 bc
cyc
8a2
+ (b +
c)2
0
cyc
(a b)(a + c) (c a)(a + b) 8a2 + (b + c)2 =
0.
fut
cyc
(a b)(a + c) (c a)(a + b) 8a2 + (b + c)2 a+c 8a2 + (b + c)2
=
cyc
( a b)
b+c 8b2 + (a + c)2
=
cyc
(a b)((a + c)2 (8b2 + (a + c)2 ) (b + c)2 (8a2 + (b + c)2 ) (8a2 + (b + c)2 )(8b2 + (a + c)2 ) (a + c) 8b2 + (a + c)2 + (b + c) (8a2 + (b + c)2 (a b)2 (4c3 2(a + b)c2 + 4(a2 3ab + b2 )c + (a + b)(a2 + b2 ))
cyc
(8a2 + (b + c)2 )(8b2 + (a + c)2 ) (a + c) 8b2 + (a + c)2 + (b + c) (8a2 + (b + c)2
QRT

cyc
(a b)2 (4c3 2(a + b)c2 (a + b)2 c +
(a+b)3 ) 2
(8a2 + (b + c)2 )(8b2 + (a + c)2 ) (a + c) 8b2 + (a + c)2 + (b + c) (8a2 + (b + c)2 (a b)2 (2c + a + b)(2c a b)2 .
=
cyc
(8a2 + (b + c)2 )(8b2 + (a + c)2 ) (a + c) 8b2 + (a + c)2 + (b + c) (8a2 + (b + c)2
FiFh F SRSF vet a, b, c 0D sFtF a + b + c = 3F rove thtX
(a2 b + b2 c + c2 a)(ab + bc + ca) 9
SolutionX
IAvet a + b + c = 3u, ab + ac + bc = 3v 2 , abc = w3 nd u2 = tv 2 . reneD t 1 nd (a2 b + b2 c + c2 a)(ab + bc + ca) 9
3u5 (a2 b + b2 c + c2 a)v 2 6u5 v 2

cyc 5 4 2 3
(a2 b + a2 c) v 2
cyc
(a2 b a2 c)
6u 9uv + 3v w (a b)(a c)(b c)v 2 . (a b)2 (a c)2 (b c)2 0 gives w3 3uv 2 2u3 2 (u2 v 2 )3 . reneD (u2 v 2 )3 0
2u5 3uv 4 + v 2 w3 2u5 3uv 4 + v 2 3uv 2 2u3 2

euse
2u5 3uv 4 + v 2 3uv 2 2u3 2 u5 u3 v 2 v 2
(u2 v 2 )3 0
(u2 v 2 )3 t3 t + 1 0, whih is trueF reneD 6u5 9uv 4 + 3v 2 w3 0
nd enough to prove tht
(6u5 9uv 4 + 3v 2 w3 )2 v 4 (a b)2 (a c)2 (b c)2 .

ineD
(a b)2 (a c)2 (b c)2 = 27(3u2 v 4 4v 6 + 6uv 2 w3 4u3 w3 w6 )

e otin
(6u5 9uv 4 + 3v 2 w3 )2 v 4 (a b)2 (a c)2 (b c)2 v 4 w6 + uv 2 (u4 + 3u2 6v 4 )w3 + u10 3u6 v 4 + 3v 10 0.
id estD it remins to prove tht u2 v 4 (u4 + 3u2 6v 4 )2 4v 4 (u10 3u6 v 4 + 3v 10 ) 0. fut
u2 v 4 (u4 + 3u2 6v 4 )2 4v 4 (u10 3u6 v 4 + 3v 10 ) 0 t(t2 + 3t 6)2 4(t5 3t3 + 3) 0 (t 1)2 (t3 4t + 4) 0,
whih is trueF FiFh QRU
F PAvet {x, y, z } = {a, b, c} suh tht x y z F fy the errngement inequlity e hve
a2 b + b2 c + c2 a = a(ab) + b(bc) + c(ca) x(xy ) + y (zx) + z (yz ) = y (x2 + xz + z 2 )

sing ewEqw inequlity e get
(xy + yz + zx + x2 + xz + z 2 )2 = 4 1 9 9 2(x + y + z ) 3 = y (x + z )2 (x + y + z )2 = .2y.(z + x).(z + x) .[ ] =9 4 8 8 3 (xy + yz + zx)y (x2 + xz + z 2 ) y

FiFh F SRTF veta, b, c, d re nonEnegtive relsF rove tht
a4 +
cyc cyc
abc(a + b + c) 2
sym
a2 b2 + 4abcd
SolutionX
he following stronger inequlity is lso true
1 1 1 1 1 a4 + a2 bc a3 b + a2 b2 + abcd 6 sym 2 sym 3 sym 6 sym 6 sym

pirst
1 1 1 1 1 + + + )( a4 + a2 bc a3 b a2 b2 abcd) a b c d 6 sym 2 sym 3 sym 6 sym 6 sym
1 1 1 1 1 4a3 + (2abc+a2 b+a2 c) (a3 +3a2 b) (2a2 b+2ab2 ) (abc+bcd+cda+dab) 6 sym 2 sym 3 sym 6 sym 6 sym = = 1 1 2 a3 + abc a2 b 3 sym 3 sym 3 sym
1 (a3 + b3 + c3 + 3abc a2 b ab2 b2 c bc2 c2 a ac2 ) 0 9 sym
o e n ssume d = 0 e only hve to prove
a4 +
cyc cyc
a2 bc
2 2 a3 b + a2 b2 3 sym 3 sym
@these sums re symmetri for DDFA it omes from hurF SRUF vet a, b, c 0D find the est k onstnt suh thtX
c a b + + b c a
9k+
k (a2 + b2 + c2 ) ab + bc + ca
SolutionX
vet a + b + c = 3u, ab + ac + bc = 3v 2 , where v > 0, abc = w3 , k > 0
QRV
nd
a b
9k+
b c
k(a2 +b2 +c2 ) ab+bc+ca
= 3p. hen p 1,
cyc
u2 v2
3p2 +k3 k
nd
c a
9k+
k(a2 +b2 +c2 ) ab+bc+ca
a2 c 3pw3
2 cyc (a b
+ a2 c) 6pw3 +
2 cyc (a b
a2 c)
9uv 2 3w3 6pw3 + (a b)(a c)(b c).

xow e will understnd when 9uv 2 3w3 6pw3 is trueF
(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 0 w6 2(3uv 2 2u3 )w3 + 4v 6 3u2 v 4 0.

it gives w3 3uv 2 2u3 + 2
(u2 v 2 )3 . (u2 v 2 )3 is true then 9uv 2 3w3 6pw3
reneD if 3uv 2 (1 + 2p) 3uv 2 2u3 + 2 is trueF fut 3uv 2 (1 + 2p) 3uv 2 2u3 + 2
(u2 v 2 )3
3 3p2 +k3 1 k 3p2 +k3 k
3 (1 + 2p) 3 2
3p2 +k3 k
3k (1 + 2p) k + 6 6p2 + 2
27(p2 1)3 3p2 +k3
27(p2 1)3 3p2 +k3 .
6p3 + 3p2 (k + 6)p + k 3 (1 + 2p)
fut 6p3 + 3p2 (k + 6)p + k 3 = (p 1)(6p2 + 9p k + 3) 0 for ll k 18. reneD for 0 < k 18 e otin 6p3 + 3p2 (k + 6)p + k 3 (1 + 2p)
27(p2 1)3 3p2 +k3
(6p3 + 3p2 (k + 6)p + k 3)2 (3p2 + k 3) 27(p2 1)3 (1 + 2p)2 (p 1)2 (54p3 9(k 15)p2 18(k 6)p + k 2 9k + 27) 0.
vet f (p) = 54p3 9(k 15)p2 18(k 6)p + k 2 9k + 27. hen f (p) = 162p2 18(k 15)p 18(k 6) = 18(p +1)(9p k +6) 0 for ll 0 < k 15. reneD for ll 0 < k 15 e otin f (p) f (1) = k 2 36k + 324 = (k 18)2 0. if 15 < k 18 then f (p) f
k 6 9
k3 +18k2 27k27 . 27
k 3 + 18k 2 27k 27 0 nd k > 15 gives 15 < k 6 + 6 3 cos 10 = 16.23... husD 9uv 2 3w3 6pw3 is true for ll 0 k 6 + 6 3 cos 10 .
xow it remins to understnd for whih k the following inequlity is trueF
QRW
9uv 2 3w3 6pw3 +
(a b)2 (a c)2 (b c)2 . (a b)2 (a c)2 (b c)2
fut 9uv 2 3w3 6pw3 +
(3uv 2 (1 + 2p)w3 )2 3(3u2 v 4 4v 6 + 2(3uv 2 2u3 )w3 w6 ) (1 + p + p2 )w6 3(2uv 2 + puv 2 u3 )w3 + 3v 6 0 (1 + p + p2 )w6 3 (1 + p + p2 )w6
if p
k+3 3 3 k 3p2 +k3 k
2+p
3p2 +k3 k
v 3 w 3 + 3v 6 0
3p2 +k3 (k k
+ 3 + pk 3p2 )v 3 w3 + 3v 6 0.
then k + 3 + pk 3p2 0 nd our inequlity holdsF

k+3 3
if 1 p <
then e need understnd for whih k holdsX
9(3p2 +k3)(k+3+pk3p2 )2 k3
12(1 + p + p2 ) 0. 12(1 + p + p2 ) 0
fut
9(3p2 +k3)(k+3+pk3p2 )2 k3
(p 1)2 g (p) 0, where g (p) = 81p4 54(k 3)p3 + 9(k 2 15k )p2 + 18(k 2 6k 9)p k 3 + 9k 2 27k 81.
e see tht g (1) = k (k 18)2 0 nd g
k+3 3
= 4k (k 2 + 9k + 27) 0.
g (p) = 18(p + 1)(18p2 9(k 1)p + k 2 6k 9).

reneD pmax =
3(k1) k2 +30k+81 . 12
id estD it remins to solve the following inequlityX
3(k1) k2 +30k+81 12
0, whih indeed gives k 3 1 + 3 2.
nd
for k = 1 + FiFh
e otin pmax =
SRVF vet D D e positive rel numers suh tht a + b + c = 1. rove inequlityX
1 bc + a +
1 a
1 ac + b +
1 b
1 ab + c +
1 c
27 . 3
SolutionX
IA
QSH
the inequlity is equivlent to X
1 bc + a +
@ euse a + b + c = 1A
1 a
4 31
a2 (bc + a) 4 abc + a2 + 1 31 (a2 (bc + a)2 ) 4 (abc + a2 + 1)(bc + a) 31
ut y uhy shwrz X
LHS (
(abc + a2 + 1)(bc + a)) (
a(bc + a))2
setting X r = abc, q = ab + ac + bc nd sine a + b + c = 1 it9s esy the hek thtX
(abc + a2 + 1)(bc + a) = 2 2q + 5r + qr a(bc + a) = 3r + 1 2q

so e need to prove thtX
(3r + 1 2q )2
orX
4(2 2q + 5r + qr) 0 31
9r2 +
now e putX
166r 376qr 23 116q + + 4q 2 0 31 31 31 31 166r 376qr 23 116q + + 4q 2 31 31 31 31
f (r) = 9r2 +
e hveX
f (r) = 18r +
it9s esy to hek tht X f (r) 0 sine q
166 376q 31 31
1 3 4q 1 9
so f is n inresing funtion D nd y shur X r thus X
f (r) f (
hene it suffiies to prove D tht X wih is equivlent to X PA he ineq eomes to
x xyz +x2 +1
4q 1 12q 2 28q 8 )= + 9 31 31 31
12q 2 31
28q 31
8 31
0
1 3
4(3q 1)(q 2) 31
0 D wih is true sine q
2F
27 31
31
x(xyz + 1 + y 2 )(xyz + 1 + z 2 ) 27
(xyz + x2 + 1)
QSI
vet x + y + z = 3u = 1 Dxy + yz + zx = 3v 2 nd xyz = w3
x(xyz + 1 + y 2 )(xyz + 1 + z 2 ) = x2 y 2 z 2 x + xyz (xy 2 + x2 y ) + 2xyz x+ x+ (xy 2 + x2 y ) + xyz xy
LHS = w6 + w3 (9uv 2 3w3 ) + 2w3 + 1 + 9uv 2 3w3 + 3w3 v 2 = 2w6 + 6w3 v 2 w3 + A (xyz + x2 + 1) = x2 y 2 z 2 x2 + xyz x2 y 2 +2xyz x2 + x2 y 2 + x2 + x3 y 3 z 3 +4x2 y 2 z 2 +3xyz +1
= w9 + 2w6 6w6 v 2 3w3 v 2 + 2w3 + B

the ineq eomes to
f (w3 ) = 27w9 + 116w6 162w6 v 2 267w3 v 2 + 85w3 0 f (w3 ) = 243w6 + 232w3 324w3 v 2 267v 2 + 85
SRWF vet x, y, z > 1 nd x + y + z = xyz F pind the minimum vlue of X
A=
x2 y2 z2 + 2 + y2 z x2
SolutionX
his prolem n e done y this wyX CA e hve
A= =
x2 +1 + y2
y2 +1 + z2
z2 +1 3 x2
(x 1) + (y 2 1) (y 1) + (z 2 1) (z 1) + (x2 1) + + 3 y2 z2 x2 x 1 x2 1) + y2 x2 + y 1 y 2 1) + z2 y2 + z 1 z 2 1) + x2 z2 3
= (x 1)(
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 2 + ) + (y 1)( 2 + 2 + ) + (z 1)( 2 + 2 + ) 3 2 x y x y z y x z z 2 1 2 1 2 1 + ) + (y 1)( + ) + (z 1)( + )3 xy x yz y xz z =( 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + ) 2( + + ) x y z xy yz zx
(x 1)(
CA fut from x + y + z = xyz e get
1 1 1 + + =1 xy yz zx
QSP
nd
( =(
rene A
1 1 1 + + )2 x y z
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 2 + 2 ) + 2( + + ) 3( + + )=3 2 x y z xy yz zx xy yz zx
3 2 FiFh
SSHF vet a, b, c e positive integers suh tht a + b + c = 3F rove tht 3 a cyc 3a2 +abc+27 31 F SolutionX fy hur inequlityD e get 3abc 4(ab + bc + ca) 9F it suffies to prove tht
3a 3 9a2 + 4(ab + bc + ca) + 72 31 1 31a(a + b + c) 9a2 + 4(ab + bc + ca) + 72 0
(7a + 8c + 10b)(c a) (7a + 8b + 10c)(a b) 0 a2 + s

where s =
4(ab+bc+ca)+72 F 9
(a b)2
8a2 + 8b2 + 15ab + 10c(a + b) + s 0 (a2 + s)(b2 + s)
whih is trueF SSIF vet x1 , x2 , , xm , y1 , y2 , , yn e positive rel numersF m n henote y X = W e=1 x, Y = j =1 y. rove tht
m n n n m m
2XY
W e=1 j =1
|xi yj | X 2
j =1 l=1
|yi yl | + Y 2
W e=1 k=1
|xi xk |
SolutionX
ill ssume x1 x2 xn nd X Y D then mke n indution X if the inequlity is true for m 1D then e n prove for x = x1 + x2 the following sttementD whih will solve our prolem in mtter of ftX n m n m X j =1 |xyj |Y W e=3 |xxi | X j =1 (|x1 yj |+|x2 yj |) Y ( W e=3 (|x1 xi | + |x2 xi |) + |x1 x2 |) @BAF pirst
n m n m n m
LHS = X
j =1
|x yj | Y
W e=3 n j =1 (|x1
|x xi | =
j =1 W e=1
xi |x yj |
j =1 W e=3
yj |x xj |
RHS = X
yj | + |x2 yj |) Y ( m n n j =1 j =1 W e=1 (xi |x1 yj |+xi |x2 yj |) nd now using the inequlity
m W e=3 (|x1 xi | + |x2 xi |) + |x1 x2 |) = m W e=3 (yj |x1 xi | + yj |x2 xi |) + yj |x1
x2 |)
|xxW e yj xi | |yj x yj xi | xi |x1 yj | + xi |x2 yj | yj |x1 xi | yj |x2 xi |

QSQ
whih follows y verifying ll ses E x1 x2 yj x yj etF D e will tke wht e needF
2XY W e=1 j =1 |xW eyj | X 2 W e=1 j =1 |yW eyj |Y 2 m n n n xj | 2XY W e=2 j =1 |xW e yj | X 2 W e=1 j =1 |yW e yj | Y 2 xj | 0 y @BAD where x2 = x1 + x2 nd xW e = xi for i 3F FiFh
SSPF veta, b, c > 0, a + b + c = 1F rove tht
m W e=1 m W e=2
m j =1 |xW e m j =1 |xW e
a2 + 3b b2 + 3c c2 + 3a + + 5 b+c c+a a+b
SolutionX
e hve Xa + b + c = 1
a2 + 3b b2 + 3c c2 + 3a + + 5 b+c c+a a+b pirstD e re regrouping vr in the wyX LHS = a2 1 3b + 1 + ) 1a b+c b + c + 3b + a = (a + b + c + 3) + b+c a + 3b = (a + b + c + 3) + 3 + b+c a2 + 3b = b+c ( <=>
xow e hve to proveX
a2 + 3b = 1 + b+c
a + 3b b+c
1 + <=>
efter lering denomintors e hveX
a + 3b 5 b+c a + 3b 6 b+c
(a + 3b)(a + c)(b + c) 6(a + b)(a + c)(b + c) <=>

ih is true y emEqm inequlityX
(a3 + ac2 ) 2
a2 c
a3 + ac2 a2 c 2
FiFh SSQF if a, b, c re iev suh tht a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 rove tht a + b + c 2abc 2 SolutionX se guhyEhwrtzX
QSR
LHS = a(1 2bc) + (b + c)

o it9ll e enough to prove tht X
(a2 + (b + c)2 )((1 2bc)2 + 1)
(a2 + (b + c)2 )((1 2bc)2 + 1) 2 (1 + 2bc)(1 bc + 2b2 c2 ) 1 4b2 c2 1

whih is true euse
1 b2 + c2 2bc
SSRF vet D D e positive rels stisfying a2 + b2 + c2 = 3F rove tht
(abc)2 (a3 + b3 + c3 ) 3
SolutionX
por the ske of onvenieneD let us introdue the new unknowns u, v, w s followsX
u = a + b + c, v = ab + bc + ca, w = abc
xow note tht u2 2v = 3 nd a3 + b3 + c3 = u(u2 3v ) = u e re to prove tht w2 u fy ewEqwD e hve
9u 2
2
9u2 2
+ 3w 3F
abc
a+b+c u3 = w 3 3 3
u7
roiverD y wEew e hve
9 u2 u9 + 2 37 2 3
a2 + b2 + c2 a+b+c = u 3 3 3
whih proves the ove inequlityF SSSF vet a, b, c 0 nd a + b + c = 1 F rove tht X
b2
b c 1 a + + 2 2 1 + 3abc + 3c c + 3a a + 3b
SolutionX
IA sing rolder9s inequlity
cyc
a 2 b + 3c
cyc
a(b2 + 3c) (a + b + c)3 = 1
it is enough to prove tht 1 + 3abc cyc a(b2 + 3c) romogenise (a + b + c)3 = 1 D QSS
elso fter romogenising cyc a(b2 + 3c) = a2 b + b2 c + c2 a + 9abc + 3 (a + b + c)3 = a3 + b3 + c3 + 6abc + 3 sym a2 b it is enough to prove tht a3 + b3 + c3 a2 b + b2 c + c2 a fy ewEqw a3 + a3 + b3 3a2 b b3 + b3 + c3 3b2 c c3 + c3 + a3 3c2 a hen a3 + b3 + c3 a2 b + b2 c + c2 a Ddone PA 1 f (t) = ; f (t) < 0; f (t) > 0 t sing tensen with iights a, b, c, e hve
sym
a2 b
af (b2 + 3c) + bf (c2 + 3a) + cf (a2 + 3b)

xowD fy rolderD (a3 + b3 + c3 ) = eginD
3
f (ab2 + bc2 + ca2 + 3ab + 3bc + 3ca) ab2 + bc2 + ca2
(a3 + b3 + c3 )(b3 + c3 + a3 )(b3 + c3 + a3 )
3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) + 3abc = 9abc + 3

sym 3 2
a2 b = 3(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) = 3(ab + bc + ca)
1 + 3abc = (a + b + c) + 3abc > ab + bc2 + ca2 + 3ab + 3bc + 3ca f (ab2 + bc2 + ca2 + 3ab + 3bc + 3ca) > f (1 + 3abc)
ih SSTF vet DDDd e positive rel numers stisfying a + b + c + d = 4Frove tht
1 1 1 1 1 + + + 11 + a2 11 + b2 11 + c2 11 + d2 3
QST
f (x) = (x2
if x
6(x2 11 1 3 ) f ( x ) = 11 + x2 (11 + x2 )3 x 11 , 3 11 3 11 3 x+ 11 3
11 )= 3
, f (x) < 0 11 , 3 11 3
D the qudrti polynomil is negtive
hus within the intervl
therey mking f (x) < 0, nd thus f (x) is onve within
11 , 3
11 3
SolutionX
vet a
d F if ll of a, b, c, d
0,
11 3 4f
, a+b+c+d 4 = 4f (1) = 4 1 = 12 3
hen y tensenD f (a) + f (b) + f (c) + f (d)
f (x) =
2x (11 + x2 )
3
< 0 @for ll positive xA 11 3 a+b+c+d8 4
et most P of a, b, c, d(nmely c 8 dA n e greter thn in tht seD
f (a) + f (b) + f (c) + f (d) < f (a 1) + f (b 1) + f (c 3) + f (d 3) < 4f QED SSUF vet 0 < a < b nd xW e [a, b]Frove tht (x1 + x2 + ... + xn ) 1 1 1 + + ... + x1 x2 xn n2 (a + b)2 4ab
= 4f (
SolutionX
IAe will prove tht if a1 , a2 , . . . , an [a, b] (0 < a < b) then
(a1 + a2 + + an )(
1 1 1 (a + b)2 2 n + + + ) a1 a2 an 4ab
P = (a1 + a2 + + an )(
1 1 1 + + + )= a1 a2 an a2 an c c c a1 + + )( + + + ) ( + c c c a1 a2 an 1 a1 c a2 c an c 2 ( + + + + + + ) 4 c a1 c a2 c an
hve its mximum on [a, b] in a or bF e will hoose c suh tht
a b
puntion f (t) =
f (a) = f (b), c =
c t
t c
abF hen f (t) P n2 (
b aF
hen
a + b
b 1 (a + b)2 b )2 = n2 a 4 4ab
PA
(x1 + x2 + ... + xn )
1 1 1 + + ... + x1 x2 xn
QSU
x1 x2 + + ... xn xn 1
using gheyshevF whih is equl to
(12 + 12 + ...)
y guhyEhwrtzF xowD
x1 x2 + + ... xn xn 1
x1 + ... xn
xi xj
b a+b = a 2 ab
x1 + ... xn
n2 (a + b)2 4ab
rene provedF SSVF vet x, y, z e positive rel numer suh tht xy + yz + zx = 1F rove tht
27 (x + y )(y + z )(z + x) ( x + y + y + z + z + x)2 6 3 4
SolutionX
prom the onstrintD e hve
(x + y )(y + z ) = y 2 + 1 (y + z )(z + x) = z 2 + 1 (z + x)(x + y ) = x2 + 1

so tht the right inequlity n e rewritten s
x+y+z+
xowD
x2 + 1 +
y2 + 1 +
z 2 + 1 3 3(1)
(x + y + z )2 = x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 xy + yz + zx + 2 = 3
hene
x + y + z 3(2)
elso the funtion
f (t) =
t2 + 1
is onvex funtion @its seond derivtive stisfies
f (t) = (t2 + 1)3/2 > 0

husD
x2 + 1 +
nd using @PA e oitn
y2 + 1 +
z2 + 1 3
x+y+z 2 ) +1 3
x2 + z +
y2 + 1 +
z2 + 1 2 3
QSV
edding @PA nd @QA yields @IAF esfor the left inequlity Dit is equivlent to
1 1 1 3 3 + + (4) x2 + 1 y 2 + 1 z 2 + 1 2
he onstrint llows us to write
b c a x = tan , y = tan , z = tan 2 2 2 where a, b, ca re the ngles of tringle F hen @RA n e rewritten s a b c 3 3 cos + cos + cos , 2 2 2 2 whih holds euse from the onvity of os on (0, 2 )e hve a b c a+b+c 3 3 cos + cos + cos 3cos = . 2 2 2 6 2 SSWF@k qrfulkel inequlityA vet tringle efgFrove thtX ma + lb + hc
roofX vet
3 (a + b + c) 2
x = p a > 0, y = p b > 0, z = p c > 0. => a = y + z, b = z + x, c = x + y.

e hve
ma = = 1 2
1 2
2(b2 + c2 ) a2 =
1 2
2(z + x)2 + 2(x + y )2 (y + z )2 (x + y+z 2 ) yz 2
4x2 + 4x(y + z ) + y 2 2yz + z 2 = 1 = 3 3(x +
1 3(x + 3
end e hve tooX
y +z 2
y+z y+z yz )(x + + yz ) 2 2 z yz )(x + y+ yz ) 1 2 + 2 3(2x + y + z yz )
p(p c) = z (x + y + z ) 2x + y + z yz => ma + lb + lc + x + y + z( y + z) 3 2x + y + z yz 2 3 ( y + z) + x+y+z 3 2 3 1 3 2x + y + z yz + x + y + z + ( y + z )2 4 3 1 [3(x + y + z ) ( y z )2 ] 3

QSW
2 ac lb = a+c 2 ab lc = a+b
p(p b) p(p c)
p(p b) =
y (x + y + z )
1 3 3(x + y + z ) (a + b + c) 2 3 3 => ma , lb , lc (a + b + c)(1) 2 3 => ma + lb + hc (a + b + c) 2

iqulity our if a = b = c STHF vet DD e pove rel numer suh tht abc = 1Frove thtX
4
2a2 + bc
ab + bc + ca . 4 3
a+b+c+3 . 2
roofX
4
4
2a2
+ bc =
2a2 bc + b2 c2 4 bc 3 (2a2 bc + b2 c2 ). 3
2a2 bc + b2 c2
1 bc
1 bc
3(ab + bc + ca) a + b + c =
3(ab + bc + ca) abc(a + b + c) a+b+c+3 2 a2
3(ab + bc + ca)
ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca 4 = 3(ab + bc + ca) . 4 3 3
STIF vet n is positive integerD rel numers a1 , a2 , ..., an nd r1 , r2 , ..., rn stisfies a1 ... an nd 0 r1 r2 ... rn D rove thtX
n n
ai aj min(ri , rj ) 0
i=1 j =1
roofX for naID it is trivilF ssume n 2D nd aW e(i = 1, 2, ..., n) re neither ll positive nor ll negtiveD otherwise vr is oviously baHF vyqD let at 0 at+1 letbi = aW e for i = 1, 2, ..., t D
n n
i=1 j =1 n n t t n t
i=t+1 j =t+1 n
ai aj min(ri , rj ) +
i=1 j =1 n t
ai aj min(ri , rj ) + 2
i=t+1 j =1 t n
t
i=t+1 j =t+1
ai aj min(ri , rj ) +
i=1 j =1
bi bj min(ri , rj ) 2
i=t+1 j =1
ai bj rj 0
QTH
2
t+1i<j n
ai aj ri +
i=t+1
a2 i ri + 2
1i<j t
bi bj ri +
i=1
b2 i ri 2(
i=t+1
ai )(
j =1
bj rj ) 0
ifrt+1 = 0Dit is trivilF sf rt+1 = 0 e hve X ri rt+1 1 (i = 1, 2, ..., t)Dsine {rW e} is monotonously inresingF reneD
n t n t
2
t+1i<j n
ai aj ri +
i=t+1 n
a2 i ri + 2
1i<j t
bi bj ri +
i=1 t
b2 i ri 2(
i=t+1 n
ai )(
j =1 t
bj rj )
rt+1 (
t+1
ai )2 + 2
1i<j t n
bi bj ri (
rj rt+1
+
i=1
b2 i ri
ri rt+1
2(
i=t+1 t
ai )(
j =1
bj rj )
= rt+1 (
t+1
ai )2 +
t 2 i=1 bW eri )
rt+1
n i=1 ri ai
2(
i=t+1
ai )(
j =1
bj rj ) 0
fy ewEqw9s inequlitiesF equlity holds if r1 = r2 = ... = rn nd STPF vet a, b, c > 0, a + b + c = 3F rove thtX
=0
roofX IA vet
1 a2 +1
b2
1 3 1 1 1 1 + + + + 3+ 2 a c 2 +1 c +1 b
f (x) =
snequlity
1 x2
1 1 1 + = ( x2 + 1) 2 + ( x) 2 x +1
3 <=> f (a) + f (b) + f (c) 3 + 2

5 5 3 f (x) = (x2 + 1) 2 .(2x2 1) + .x 2 4 5 5 3 f (x) = (x2 + 1) 2 .(2x2 1) + .x 2 > 0 4 2x2 1 3 + >0 (x2 + 1)5 4 x5 4 x5 .(2x2 1) + 3 (x2 + 1)5 > 0
e hve
1 +)x > 2 1 +)0 < x < 2 3. (x2 + 1)5 > 4

e hve
x5 (2x2 1)2 9.(x2 + 1)5 > 16x5 (2x2 1)2
LHS 9.(2x)5 > 16x5 > 16x5 (2x2 1)2 = RHS

1 feuse 0 < x < 2 rene f (x) > 0x.
QTI
fy fensen9s inequlityD e hveX
f (a) + f (b) + f (c) 3f (

PA
a+b+c 3 ) = 3f (1) = 3 + 3 2
LHS = 2
1 1 1 + ) + (1 ). 2a 2 a2 + 1 1 1 ) + (1 ). 2 + 1)
1 ( ) a 1 ( ) a
2a.(a2
2 2 2.
2 9 1 ) + (1 ). a+1 2 a+ b+ c 9 3(a + b + c)
9 1 + (1 ). a+b+c+3 2
9 9 3 1 = 2 2. =3+ + (1 ). 3+3 2 3.3 2

STQF vet ABC e tringleD nd AD B D C its nglesF rove tht
sin
roofX e hveX
3B 3C AB BC C A 3A + sin + sin cos + cos + cos . 2 2 2 2 2 2
cos 3 sin
BC 2
sin
3A 2 2 sin3
sin
B C sin + 2 2 sin
sin
A 2 sin A 2 ()
A A 4 sin3 4 2 2 xowD e will prove thtX 2 sin3 A B + sin3 2 2 + sin C 2
A +2 2 B A + sin 2 2
B C sin 2 2 2 B A + sin 2 2
sin
sin
(1)
sndeedD e hveX
(1) 2 sin2
A A B B sin sin + sin2 2 2 2 2
+ sin
C 1 2
A+B AB C cos + sin 1 2 2 2 C AB 1 + 2 sin cos A + cos B + cos , wht is trulyF 2 2 imilrD e hveX 1 cos A + 1 cos B + cos 2 sin3 2 sin3 B C + sin3 2 2 C A + sin3 2 2 + sin A 2 B 2 sin B C + sin 2 2 C A + sin 2 2 sin sin B C + sin 2 2 C A + sin 2 2 (2)
+ sin
sin
(3)
prom (1), (2) nd (3) e hve
sin3
A +2 2
sin
B C sin 2 2 2
QTP
sin
A 2
QED
STRF sf D D re nonEnegtive numersDthen
(a2 bc) a2 + 4bc 0

roofX
(a2 bc) a2 + 4bc 0

cyc cyc
a2
a2 + 4bc bc a2 + 4bc
cyc
a6 + 4a4 bc + 2a2 b2
(a2 + 4bc)(b2 + 4ac) (a2 + 4bc)(b2 + 4ac) .
cyc
a2 b2 c2 + 4a3 b3 + 2c2 ab
fut 2a b
2 2
(a2 + 4bc)(b2 + 4ac) 2a3 b3 + 8a2 b2 c ab nd 2c2 ab (a2 + 4bc)(b2 + 4ac) a3 c2 b + b3 c2 a + 4c3 a2 b + 4c3 b2 a.
sd estD it remins to prove tht
a6 2a3 b3 + 4a4 bc + 8a2 b2 c ab 5a3 b2 c 5a3 c2 b a2 b2 c2 0.

cyc
e otinX
(a6 2a3 b3 + a4 bc) =

cyc cyc
(a6 a5 b a5 c + a4 bc) +
cyc
(a5 b + a5 c 2a3 b3 ) 0
nd
cyc
(a2 b2 c ab a2 b2 c2 ) 0.
2 2
vet9s ssume a = x , b = y nd c = z 2 , where x, y nd z re nonEnegtive numersF reneD it remins to prove tht
(3x6 5x4 y 2 5x4 z 2 + 7x3 y 3 ) 0

cyc
cyc
(3x6 10x4 y 2 + 14x3 y 3 10x2 y 4 + 3y 6 ) 0 (x y )2 (3x4 + 6x3 y x2 y 2 + 6xy 3 + 3y 4 ) 0.

cyc
STSF rove tht if k, n N so tht

n n
ak i = 1, then :
i=1 i=1
ai +
1 k nk1 + k n a i=1 i
roofX wnifestly the sttement hve to speify k 1, aW e > 0F feuse of AM GM inequlity e hve
1 (n/ ai )n a i i=1 i=1

QTQ
feuse of xk is onvexe e hve

n n
n(
i=1
ai /n)k
i=1
ak i =1
so
n i=1
ai n
k 1 k
Let sdenotef@xAaxC@n x)n so n f (x) = 1 ( )n+1 0 x
so f (x) is deresing for x ]0, n]F e hve
0<A=
i=1
ai n
n
k1 k
<n
so
ai +
i=1
1 a i=1 i
ai + (n/
i=1 i=1
ai )n = f (A) f (n
k1 k
)=n
k 1 k
+ nk
STTF vet x, y, z re nonEzero numers suh tht x + y + z = 0F pind the mximum vlue of
E=
roofX IA
zx xy yz + 2 + 2 x2 y z
yz zx xy = a3 , 2 = b3 , 2 = c3 2 x y z
where a, b, c re rel numersF
xyz = a3 x3 = b3 y 3 = c3 z 3 , x + y + z = =
xyz
1 1 1 + + a b c
=0
1 1 1 + + =0 a b c yz zx sine xyz = 0Ontheotherhandabc = 1, ab + bc + ca = 0 x 2 + y2 + 3 3 (a + b + c) 3[(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) abc]= (a + b + c) + 3 vet u e rel numer suh tht u = a + b + c
xy z2
= a3 + b3 + c3 =
hen it is esy to see tht a, b, c re roots of the polynomil P (t) = t3 ut2 1 vet f (t) e funtion suh tht
1 t2 hen a, b, c stisfy the eqution f (t) = u xow e will prove tht if f (t) = t 3 , u> 3 4
then the eqution f (t) = u hs no more thn one rootF
3 1 3 u> = f (t) = t 2 > = 3 3 t 4 4 (t 3 1 2)2 t 3 4

QTR
1 > 0 = t > 3 4
2 >0 t3 3 his shows tht if u > 3 , then the eqution f (t) = u hs no more thn one rootF 4 = f (t) = 1 + 3 umax = 3 4 Emax = (u3 + 3)max = 15 4
iqulity holds when (x, y, z ) = (k, k, 2k ) PA fy hirihlet riniple D exits two numer from x, y, z @ ssume tht x, y A suh tht xy 0 hen z = (x + y ) end
E=
xy y (x + y ) x(x + y ) + 2 x2 y2 (x + y ) xy
2
(x + y )
y2 x y x2 + + + ) 2 2 y x y x
1 15 4 4 = 15 4 o M axE = 4 D equlity holds when (x, y, z ) = (k, k, 2k ) or yli permuttionF STUF vet efg e tringle with ltitudes ha D hb D hc D ngle isetors la D lb D lc D exrdie ra D rb D rc D inrdius r nd irumrdius F rove or disprove the inequlity
8<
olutionX
la ra + lb rb + lc rc 27 ha ra + hb rb + hc rc Rr Rr 2
ha ra 2ra rb rc = Rr Rr
his is euseX
1 rb + rc
ha =
hen
2rb rc . rb + rc (ra + rb )(ra + rc ) (ra + rb ) .
2ra rb rc Rr
1 rb + rc
2ra rb rc Rr
xow we use the ft thtX
ra rb rc = p2 r, (ra + rb ) = 4p2 R, (ra + rb )(ra + rc ) =

elso
2 ra +3
ra rb = (ra + rb + rc )2 + 2
ra rb .
ra = 4R + r
nd
ra rb = p2 .
e put ll these reltions hed to hed nd it follows tht
ha ra (4R + r)2 + p2 = . Rr 2R 2
hus we hve 8Rr + r2 + p2 > 0, whih is oviousF
QTS

567 Bài BĐT Hay Và Khó

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567 Bài BĐT Hay Và Khó

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Nguyen Duy Tung 567 Nice And Hard Inequalities ====================================== ==============================================

IF A if a, b, c re positive rel numersD then

Avet a, b, c, d e positive rel numersFrove tht

(a2 + 1) (b2 + 1) a2 + b2 (ab + 1)

fy gheyshev9s inequlityD e hve

2a2 + b2 + d2 + 2c(b + d) 2(a2 bd) +b+d= b + 2c + d b + 2c + d 2 2 (a b) + (a d) + 2(a + c)(b + d) = (1) b + 2c + d

c2 db (a + c b d)2 + 4(a + c)(b + d) a2 bd + )+b+d = a + b + c + d. b + 2c + d d + 2a + b a+b+c+d

a2 bd c2 db a+cbd + b + 2c + d d + 2a + b 2 sn the sme mnnerDwe n lso show tht b2 ca d2 ac b+dac + c + 2d + a a + 2b + c 2

SolutionX prom the given ondition he inequlity is equivlent to

4ab a2 + b2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) = a2 ab ab + 2 + ab + bc + ca b + ab + bc + ca ab (b + c)(a + b)

a(b + c)2 (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

hus e need prove tht

3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 2

yr e n use the ft tht

4ab a2 + b2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) = = 1 2 ab + 2a(b + c) 1 2

4ab (2ab + 2ac) + (2ab + 2bc) ab 2b(a + c)

b a + b+c a+c b c + b+c b+c = 3 2

QD vet a, b, c e the positive rel numersF rove tht

(a + b + c)(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 ) ab + bc + ca

4. 3 (a2 + ab + bc)(b2 + bc + ca)(c2 + ca + ab)

(a + b + c)(ab2 + bc2 + ca2 ) = ab + bc + ca

(a2 + ab + bc)(c + a)(c + b) ab + bc + ca

fy using ewEqw inequlity e get

(a2 + ab + bc)(c + a)(c + b) 3. ab + bc + ca

(a2 + ab + bc)(b2 + bc + ca)(c2 + ca + ab)[(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)]2 ab + bc + ca

SolutionX e will prove it y indutionF

whih is equivlent to a0 (a1 a0 1) 0, whih is true y given onditionF vet

it remins to prove thtX

id estD it remins to prove thtX

1 1 + ak+1 ak+1 a0 1 (ak+1 a0 )a0 1 ak+1 a0

fut y our onditions e otinX

Solution X his ineq is equivlent toX

abc(a2 + bc) (b2 + c2 )

fy ewEqw ineq D e hve

abc(a2 + bc) (b2 + c2 )

(a2 + bc)c(a2 + bc)b(b2 + c2 )a

imilrlyD this ineq is true if e prove thtX

1 1 1 2 + + . 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca 2c2 + ab ab + bc + ca

( bc) = 1.(3) bc(bc + 2a2 )

a(b + c) 1.(4) 2a2 + bc

a(b + c) a(b + c) 2 2a + bc 2(a2 + bc) a(b + c) 2, (5) a2 + bc

whih is known resultF emrkX

2ca + bc 2bc + ca 4c + 2 . 2 2a + bc 2b + ca a+b+c

SolutionX IA e n prove this inequlity using the following uxiliry result

1 1 4 + . 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca (a + b)(a + b + c)

1 1 1 1 , , , 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca 2c2 + ab ab + bc + ca

2(ab + bc + ca) + abc(a + b + c)

1 1 1 1 12 . + + + 2a2 + bc 2b2 + ca 2c2 + ab ab + bc + ca (a + b + c)2

end y ewEqw inequlityD e hve

4c2 6abc + a+b+c a+b+c

4c2 6abc + a+b+c a+b+c

4 a2 + b2 + c2 6abc + a+b+c a+b+c

4 a2 + b2 + c2 6abc + a+b+c a+b+c =

2a2 b + 2ab2 + 2b2 c + 2bc2 + 2c2 a + 2ca2 2a2 + bc

2c2 a + bc2 + 2ab2 + b2 c 2a2 + bc

2a2 + 2bc bc 3= 2 1 2 2a + bc 2a + bc a2 + bc 20 2a2 + bc (a + b)(a + c) 12(ab + bc + ca) 2 2a + bc (a + b + c)2

xowD e will prove the stronger

prom uhyEshrztD e hve

(a + b)(a + c) = (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)( 2a2 + bc

3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 1 + bc)(b + c) ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca(c + a)

1 4 6(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) a + b + c, 3(a + b)(c + a)

9(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)

1 he Solution is ompletedF iqulity holds if nd only if a = b = c = 4 F