Gio n dy khi- dy thm

Cch SUY Lun GIi NHANH bi tp TRc NGHim

1. Cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbon A c dng (CnH 2n+1)m . A thuc dy ng ng no?
A- Ankan.
B Anken. C Ankin.
D- Aren
2- t chy hon ton m gam hn hp gm CH4, C3H6 v C4H10 thu c 17,6g CO2 v 10,87g
H2O.
Gi tr ca m l:
3- t chy hon ton 0,15 mol hn hp 2 ankan thu c 9, 45g H2O cho sn phm chy vo
dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A 37,5g,

B 52,5g,

C 15g,

D 42,5g

p n: A
4- t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hirocacbon lin tip trong dy ng ng thu c 11,2 lit
CO2 (ktc) v 12,6g H2O. Hai hirocacbon thuc dy ng ng no ?
A Ankan, B Anken, C- Ankin,

D - Aren

5- t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hirocacbon lin tip trong dy ng ng thu c 22,4 lit CO2
(ktc) v 25,2g H2O. Hai hirocacbon l:
A C2H6 v C3H8

B - C3H8 v C4H10,

C - C4H10, v C5H12

D- C5H12 v C6H14

p n A
Gii ra n = 2,5
6- t chy hon ton hn hp gm mt ankan v mt anken. Cho sn phm chy ln lt i
qua bnh 1 ng P2O5 d v bnh 2 ng KOH rn , d thy bnh 1 tng 4,14g; bnh 2 tng
6,16g. S mol ankan c trong hn hp l:
A - 0,06
B - 0,09
C- 0,03
D- 0,045
p n: B
7- t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp gm CH4, C4H10 v C2H4 thu c 0,14 mol CO2 v
0,23 mol H2O. S mol ca ankan v anken c trong hn hp ln lt l:
A - 0,09 v 0,01
B - 0,01 v 0,09
C - 0,08 v 0,02
D - 0,02 v 0,08
p n: A
8- Cho hn hp 2 anken i qua bnh ng nc brom thy lm mt mu va dd cha 8g
brom. Tng s mol hai anken l:
A - 0,1
B- 0,05
C 0,025
D 0,005
p n B
9- t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hirocacbon mch h trong cng dy ng ng thu c
11,2 lit CO2 (ktc) v 9g H2O . Hai hirocacbon thuc dy ng ng no ?
A Ankan
B Anken
C- Ankin
D - Aren
p n: B

9
= 0,5 nCO2 = n H2O
18
Vy 2 hirocacbon thuc dy anken.
10- Mt hn hp kh gm 1 ankan v 1 anken c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t v c
cng s mol. Ly m gam hn hp ny th lm mt mu va 80g dung dch 20% brom trong
dung mi CCl4 . t chy hon ton m gam hn hp thu c 0,6 mol CO2. Ankan v anken
c cng thc phn t l :
A - C2H6, C2H4
B - C3H8, C3H6
C - C4H10, C4H8
D - C5H12,
C5H10
Suy lun:

nCO2 = 0,5 ,

nH2O =

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p n: B
11- t chy hon ton V lit ( ktc ) mt ankin th kh thu c CO2 v H2O c tng khi
lng l 25,2g . Nu cho sn phm chy i qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 45g kt ta .
1. V c gi tr l:
A 6,72 lit, B 2,24 lit, C 4,48 lit, D- 3,36 lit
p n: D.
Vankin = 0,15 . 22,4 = 3,36 lit
2- Cng thc phn t ca ankin l :
A C2H2
B C3H4
C C4H6
D C5H8
p n: B
n CO2 = 3nankin . Vy ankin c 3 nguyn t C
12- t chy hon ton V lit (ktc) mt ankin thu c 10,8g H2O. Nu cho tt c sn phm
chy hp thu ht vo bnh ng nc vi trong th khi lng bnh tng 50,4g. V c gi tr l :
A 3,36 lit,
B 2,24 lit, C 6,72 lit, D- 4,48 lit
p n: C
13- Chia hn hp gm C3H6, C2H4, C2H2, thnh 2 phn u nhau:
- t chy phn 1 thu c 2,24 lit CO2 ( ktc)
- Hiro ho phn 2 ri t chy ht sn phm th th tch CO2 (ktc) thu c l:
A - 2,24 lit B - 1,12 lit
C - 3,36 lit
D- 4,48 lit
p n: A
14- t chy hon ton 0,1 mol ankin c 0,2 mol H2O. Nu hiro ho hon ton 0,1 mol
ankin ny ri t th s mol H2O thu c l :
A 0,3
B 0,4
C 0,5
D 0,6
p n: B
15- A, B l 2 ru no, n chc k tip trong dy ng ng. Cho hn hp gm 1,6g A v
2,3g B tc dng ht vi Na thu c 1,12 lit H2(ktc). Cng thc phn t ca 2 ru l:
A - CH3OH, C2H5OH,
B - C2H5OH, C3H7OH
C - C3H7OH, C4H9OH
D - C4H9OH, C5H11OH
p n: A
16- t chy a g C2H5OH c 0,2 mol CO2 t chy 6g C2H5 COOH c 0,2 mol CO2.
Cho a g C2H5OH tc dng vi 6g CH3COOH (c H2SO4 c xc tc v to gi s hiu sut l
100%) c c g este. c c gi tr l :
A- 4,4g
B- 8,8g
C- 13,2g
D- 17,6g
p n: B
1
Suy lun : nC2H5OH = n CH3COOH = nCO2 = 0,1 mol.
2
nCH3COOC2H5 = 0,1 m este = 0,1.88 = 8,8g
17- t chy hn hp 2 anehit no, n chc c 0,4 mol CO2 .Hiro ho hon ton 2 anehit
ny cn 0,2 mol H2 c hn hp 2 ru no, n chc. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ru th
s mol H2O thu c l :
A- 0,4
B- 0,6
C- 0,8
D- 0,3
p n: B
Suy lun : un hn hp anehit c 0,4 mol CO2 th cng c 0,5 mol H2O. Hidro
ho anehit nhn thm 0,2 mol H2 th s mol H2O ca ru tri hn ca anehit l 0,2 mol.
Vy s mol H2O to ra khi t ru l 0,4 +0,2 = 0,6 mol.
18- Cho hn hp HCHO v H2 i qua ng ng bt Ni nung nng. Dn ton b hn hp thu
c sau phn ng vo bnh nc lnh ngng t hi cht lng v ho tan cc cht c th tan
c, thy khi lng bnh tng 11,8g.
Ly dung dch trong bnh cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 21,6g bc
kim loi. Khi lng CH3OH to ra trong phn ng hidro ca HCHO l :
A-8,3g
B-9,3g C-10,3g
D-1,03g
p n: C

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19- Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCOOH v 0,2 mol HCHO tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3
trong amoniac th khi lng Ag thu c l :
A-108g
B-10,8g
C-216g
D-21,6g
p n: A
Suy lun : 0,1 mol HCOOH cho 0,2 mol Ag
0,2 mol HCHO cho 0,8 mol Ag
Vy thu c 1 mol Ag khi lng 108g
20- Cht hu c X thnh phn gm C,H,O trong oxi chim 53,33% khi lng. Khi thc
hin phn ng trng gng t 1 mol X cho 4 mol Ag. Cng thc phn t ca X l :
A- HCHO
B- (CHO)2
C- CH2(CHO)2
D- C2H4(CHO)2
p n: A
Suy lun : 1 mol mi cht trong 4 phng n trn khi trng gng u cho 4 mol Ag,
nhng ch c HCHO mi c phn trm khi lng ca oxy l 53,33%.
22- un 132,8g hn hp 3 ru no n chc vi H2SO4 c 140OC thu c hn hp cc ete
c s mol bng nhau v c khi lng l 111,2g.S mol mi ete l :
A-0,1
B-0,2
C-0,3
D-0,4
p n: B
3.(3 1)
Suy lun: un hn hp 3 ru to ra
ete.
2
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng : m ru = m ete + m H2O
Vy m H2O = 132,8 - 111,2 = 21,6 g.
21,6
1,2
Do n ete = n H2O =
= 1,2 n mi ete =
=0
18
6
23- t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hirocacbon ng ng c phn t khi hn km nhau 28
vC, ta thu c 4,48 lt kh cacbonic ktc v 5,4 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca 2
hirocacbon l:
A) C3H4 v C5H8
B) CH4 v C3H8
C) C2H4 v C4H8
D) C2H2 v C4H6
p n: B.
25- Hn hp 2 ankan th kh c phn t khi hn km nhau 28 vC. t chy hon
ton 2,24 lt hn hp trn ta thu c 6,72 lt kh cacbonic (cc kh o ktc). Cng thc phn
t ca 2 ankan l:
A) CH4 v C3H8
B) C2H6 v C4H10
C) CH4 v C4H10
D) C3H8 v C5H12
p n: B.
27- t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hirocacbon c phn t khi hn km nhau 28 vC
trn ta thu c 6,72 lt kh cacbonic ktc v 7,2 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca 2
hirocacbon l:
A) CH4 v C3H8
B) C2H4 v C4H8
C) C3H6 v C5H10
D) C2H6 v C4H10
p n: D.
29- t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp 2 hirocacbon c phn t khi hn
km nhau 28 vC trn ta thu c 8,96 lt kh cacbonic ktc v 7,2 gam nc. Cng thc
phn t ca 2 hirocacbon l:
A) C3H8 v C5H12
B) C2H4 v C4H8
C) C3H6 v C5H10
D) C4H8 v C6H12
p n: C.

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30- t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp 2 hirocacbon c phn t khi hn km nhau
14 vC ta thu c 7,84 lt kh cacbonic ktc v 6,3 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca 2
hirocacbon l:
A) C2H4 v C3H6
B) C3H6 v C4H8
C) C2H6 v C3H8
D) C3H8 v C4H10.
p n: B.
31- t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hirocacbon c phn t khi hn km nhau 14 vC, ta thu
c 7,84 lt kh cacbonic ktc v 8,1 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon l:
A) CH4 v C2H6
B) C2H6 v C3H8
C) C3H8 v C4H10
D) C4H10 v C5H12.
p n: C.
33- C 2 este c ng phn ca nhau v u do cc axit no n chc v ru no n
chc to thnh. x phng ho 22,2 gam hn hp 2 este ni trn phi dng va ht 12 gam
NaOH nguyn cht. Cng thc phn t ca 2 este l:
A) HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3
B) C2H5COO CH3 v CH3COOCH3
C) CH3COOC2H5 v HCOOC3H7
D) Khng xc nh c.
p n: A.
Suy lun : Cc phng trnh phn ng x phng ho 2 este c dng:
RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH
RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH
Hai este l ng phn ca nhau nn c cng phn t khi v c chung cng thc tng
qut ca este no n chc l CnH2nO2.
t x v y l s mol mi este trong 22,2g hn hp.
T l mol trong phng trnh l 1 : 1 nn:
nNaOH = neste = x + y =

12
= 0,3 mol
40

Mx + My = 22,2 hay M(x + y) = 22,2. Vy M =

22,2
= 74
0,3

CnH2nO2 = 74 n = 3. Cng thc n gin ca 2 este l C3H6O2.

C 2 ng phn l: HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3.
34- X phng ho 22,2 gam hn hp 2 este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng NaOH nguyn
cht. Khi lng NaOH phn ng l:
A) 8 gam
B) 12 gam
C) 16 gam
D) 20 gam.
p n: B.
Suy lun : Phng trnh phn ng x phng ho 2 este:
HCOOC2H5 + NaOH HCOONa + C2H5OH
CH3COOCH3 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH3OH
V khi lng mol ca 2 este bng nhau v bng 74 gam/mol. Phn ng theo t l 1 : 1
nn

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nNaOH = neste =

22,2
= 0,3 mol
74

Vy mNaOH = 40.0,3 = 12 gam.

35- X phng ho 22,2 gam hn hp 2 este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch
NaOH 1M. Th tch dung dch NaOH cn dng l:
A) 200ml
B) 300ml
C) 400ml
D) 500ml.
p n: B.
Suy lun : Cch gii tng t bi 2.
2 este l ng phn ca nhau nn c khi lng mol bng nhau v bng 74g/mol.
22,2
= 0,3 mol
74

Theo phng trnh: nNaOH = neste =

VNaOH =

0,3
= 0,2 lt = 300ml.
1

36- X phng ho 22,2 gam hn hp 2 este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 dng va ht

200ml dung dch NaOH. Nng mol ca dung dch NaOH l:
A) 0,5M
B) 1,0M
C) 1,5M
D) 2M.
p n: C.
Suy lun : Cch gii tng t bi 3.
2 este c M bng nhau v bng 74.
Theo phng trnh nNaOH = neste =

22,2
= 0,3 mol
74

VNaOH = 200ml = 0,2 lt.

Vy CM NaOH =

0,3
= 1,5M.
0,2

37- X phng ho 22,2 gam hn hp 2 este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng lng dung
dch NaOH va , cc mui sinh ra sau khi x phng ho c sy n khan v cn c 21,8
gam. S mol HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 ln lt l:
A) 0,15 mol v 0,15 mol
B) 0,2 mol v 0,1 mol
C) 0,25 mol v 0,05 mol
D) 0,275 mol v 0,005 mol.
p n: B.
Suy lun : Phng trnh phn ng x phng ho 2 este:
HCOOC2H5 + NaOH HCOONa + C2H5OH
CH3COOCH3 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH3OH
2 este c M bng nhau v bng 74.
Phn ng theo t l 1 : 1 nn
nNaOH = neste =

22,2
= 0,3 mol
74

Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca mi este trong hn hp. Ta c:

x y 0,3

68x 82y 21,8

Gii h phng trnh i s c

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x = 0,2 v y = 0,1.
38- X phng ho 22,2 gam hn hp 2 este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng lng dung
dch NaOH va , cc mui sinh ra sau khi x phng ho c sy n khan v cn c 21,8
gam (gi s hiu sut phn ng l 100%). Khi lng mi este trong hn hp ln lt l:
A) 18,5g v 3,7g
B) 11,1g v 11,4g
C) 14,8g v 7,4g
D) Khng xc nh c.
p n: C.
Suy lun : Cch gii tng t bi 5.
Suy ra x = 0,2 v y = 0,1.
mHCOOC2H5 = 74.0,2 = 14,4 gam
mCH3COOCH3 = 74.0,1 = 7,4 gam.

39- X phng ho 22,2 gam hn hp 2 este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch
NaOH va , cc mui sinh ra sau khi x phng ho c sy n khan v cn c 21,8
gam. Khi lng mui HCOONa v CH3COONa ln lt l:
A) 1,7g v 20,1g
B) 3,4g v 18,4g
C) 6,8g v 15,0g
D) 13,6g v 8,2g.
p n: D.
Suy lun : Cch gii tng t bi 5.
Suy ra x = 0,2 v y = 0,1.
mHCOONa = 68.0,2 = 13,6 gam
mCH3COONa = 82.0,1 = 8,2 gam.

40- X phng ho a gam hn hp 2 este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng lng dung dch
NaOH va , cn 300ml dung dch NaOH nng 0,1M. Gi tr ca a l:
A) 14,8g
B) 18,5g
C) 22,2g
D) 29,6g.
p n: C.
Suy lun : Phng trnh phn ng x phng ho 2 este:
HCOOC2H5 + NaOH HCOONa + C2H5OH
CH3COOCH3 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH3OH
Phn ng theo t l 1 : 1 nn
nNaOH = neste = 1.0,3 = 0,3 mol
2 este c M bng nhau v bng 74.
a = meste = 74.0,3 = 22,2 gam.
41- X phng ho 22,2 gam hn hp 2 este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch
NaOH va , cc mui sinh ra sau khi x phng ho c sy n khan v cn c 21,8
gam. T l gia nHCOONa : nCH3COONa l:
A) 3 : 4
B) 1 : 1
C) 3 : 2D) 2 : 1.
p n: D.
Suy lun: Phng trnh phn ng x phng ho 2 este tng t cc bi trn.
2 este c M bng nhau v bng 74.

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Phn ng theo t l 1 : 1 nn nNaOH = neste =

22,2
= 0,3 mol
74

Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca mi este trong hn hp. Ta c:

74x 74y 22,2

68x 82y 21,8

Gii h phng trnh i s c

x = 0,2 v y = 0,1.
Vy t l mol nHCOONa : nCH3COONa l: 0,2 : 0,1 = 2 : 1.
42- X phng ho hon ton a gam hn hp 2 este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng lng
dung dch NaOH va , cn dng ht 200ml dung dch NaOH nng 0,15M. Cc mui sinh
ra sau khi x phng ho c sy n khan v cn c 21,8 gam. Phn trm khi lng ca
mi este trong hn hp l:
A) 50% v 50%
B) 66,7% v 33,3%
C) 75% v 25%
D) Khng xc nh c.
p n: B.
Suy lun : Tng t cc bi trn ta tnh c:
74.0,2.100%
66,7%
22,2
74.0,1.100%

33,3%
22,2

%mHCOOC2H5
%mCH3COOCH3

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