LUYN THI I HC MN TON Thy Hng Chuyn HM S

Hc trc tuyn ti: www.moon.vn Mobile: 0985.074.831

1






DNG 2. TIP TUYN BIT H S GC
H s gc ca mt ng thng l tang (tan) ca gc hp bi ng thng v chiu dng trc Ox.
K hiu k = tan.
Nu ng thng d hp vi trc Ox (khng ni r chiu dng ca trc Ox) th k = tan.
ng thng d i qua hai im M, N th h s gc ca ng d c tnh bi

M N
d
M N
y y
k
x x

ng thng d i qua im M(x
1
; y
1
) v c h s gc k th c phng trnh ( )
1 1
: . = + d y k x x y
Trong trng hp tng qut, ng thng d c h s gc k th lun vit dng d: y = kx + m.
Cho hai ng thng
1 1 1
2 2 2
:
:
d y k x m
d y k x m
= +

= +

+ d
1
v d
2
song song vi nhau th c cng h s gc :
1 2
1 2
d d
k k
m m
=

+ d
1
v d
2
vung gc vi nhau th c tch h s gc bng 1 :
1 2 2
1
1
. 1 . = =
d d d
d
k k k
k

o hm ti mt im x
o
thuc th hm s y = f(x) chnh l h s gc ca tip tuyn vi th ti im .
Tc l ( ). =
tt o
k y x
V d 1: Xc nh h s gc k ca cc ng cho di y ?
a)
2 1 2
2 3 1 0 3 2 1 .
3 3 3

+ = = + = + = x y y x y x k
b)
1 3 1
5 3 0 5 3 .
5 5 5
+ + = = = = x y y x y x k
c) 2 3 0 2 3 2. + + = = = x y y x k
V d 2: Cho hm s
3 2
( 1) 2 3 y x m x mx = + + +
Tm m tip tuyn
a) ti im c honh x = 3 song song vi ng thng d : 5x y + 3 = 0
b) ti im c honh x = 1 vung gc vi ng thng d : x 2y + 3 = 0
V d 3: Cho hm s
4 2
2( 1) 8 2 y x m x m = +
Tm m tip tuyn ti cc im c nh ca th hm s vung gc vi nhau.
V d 4: Cho hm s
3 x m
y
x m
+
=

Tm m tip tuyn ti giao im ca th v trc Oy vung gc vi ng thng d : x 2y + 1 = 0
V d 5: Cho hm s
3 2
1 y x x x = + +
Gi d l ng thng i qua im A(1 ; 2) v c h s gc k. Tm k d ct th (C) ti ba im phn bit A, B, C sao
cho tip tuyn vi th ti B, C vung gc vi nhau.
V d 6: Cho hm s
3 2
3 3. y x x x = + + Mt ng thng d i qua A(2 ; 1) v c h s gc k.
Ti liu bi ging:
01. TIP TUYN CA TH HM S P3
Thy ng Vit Hng
LUYN THI I HC MN TON Thy Hng Chuyn HM S
Hc trc tuyn ti: www.moon.vn Mobile: 0985.074.831
2
Tm k ng thng d v th hm s cho
a) ct nhau ti duy nht mt im.
b) ct nhau ti ba im phn bit.
c) ct nhau ti ba im phn bit c honh dng.
Hng dn gii :
ng thng d qua A(2 ; 1) v c h s gc k nn c dng d : y = k(x 2) + 1.
Phng trnh honh giao im ca hai th :
3 2 3 2
3 3 ( 2) 1 3 2 ( 2) + + = + + + = x x x k x x x x k x
2
2
2
( 2)( 1) ( 2)
( ) 1 0, (1)
=
=

= =

x
x x x k x
g x x x k

a) Hai th ct nhau ti duy nht mt im khi (1) v nghim
5
0 1 4(1 ) 0 .
4
< + + < < k k
Vy vi
4
5
< k th hai th cho ct nhau ti duy nht mt im.
b) Hai th ct nhau ti ba im phn bit khi (1) c hai nghim phn bit v khc 2.
iu xy ra khi
5
0 1 4(1 ) 0
4
(2) 0 (2) 1 0
1

> + + > >

=

k k
g g k
k

Vy vi
4
5
1

>

k
k
th hai th cho ct nhau ti ba im phn bit.
c) Do nghim x = 2 > 0 nn ba giao im c honh dng th (1) phi c hai nghim dng phn bit v khc 2.
Gi hai nghim l x
1
; x
2
. Khi ta c
1 2
1 2
0 1 0
1
0 1 0
+ > >
<

> >

x x
k
x x k

Kt hp vi diu kin tn ti ba giao im cu b ta dc
4
1
5
< < k l gi tr cn tim.
V d 7: Cho hm s
3 2
2 3 1. y x mx mx = + +
a) Tm m tip tuyn vi th ti im un song song vi ng thng : 4x + y + 1= 0.
b) Tm m tip tuyn vi th ti im x = 2 vung gc vi ng thng : 2x + 3y + 2= 0.
Hng dn gii :
a) Ta c
2
3 2
6 6
2 3 1
12 6 0
2
= +

= + +

= = =

y x mx m
y x mx mx
m
y x m y x

Tip tuyn ti im un c h s gc l
2 2
3
6. 6 .
2 4 2 2
| |
= = + = +
|
\
u
m m m m
k y m m m
ng thng c h s gc xc nh bi : 4 1 0 4 1 4.

+ + = = = x y y x k
Tip tuyn ti im un song song vi nn
2
2
2
3
4 3 2 8 0
4
2
3

= + = =

u
m
m
k k m m m
m

Vy, vi
4
2;
3
= = m m th tip tuyn ti im un ca th song song vi ng thng .
LUYN THI I HC MN TON Thy Hng Chuyn HM S
Hc trc tuyn ti: www.moon.vn Mobile: 0985.074.831
3
b) Tip tuyn ti x = 2 c h s gc l ( ) 2 24 12 13 24 = = + + = +
tt
k y m m m
ng thng c h s gc xc nh bi
2 2 2
: 2 3 2 0 3 2 2 .
3 3 3

+ + = = = = x y y x y x k
Tip tuyn ti im x = 2 vung gc vi nn ( )
2 45
. 1 13 24 1 26 48 3
3 26

= + = + = =
tt
k k m m m
Vy, vi
45
26
= m th tip tuyn ti x = 2 vung gc vi .
BI TP T LUYN
Bi 1. Cho hm s
3 2
( 2) 3. = + + y x m x mx
a) Tm m tip tuyn vi th ti im c honh x = 1 song song vi ng (d): y = 2x 1.
b) Tm m tip tuyn vi th ti im c honh x = 0 vung gc vi ng (d): 4x 3y = 0.
Bi 2. th hm s y = x
4
+ 2mx
2
2m + 1
Tm m cc tip tuyn vi th ti A(1; 0), B(1; 0) vung gc vi nhau.
Bi 3. Cho hm s
3 2
3 2, y x x x = + + + c th l (C) v mt ng thng d i qua A(1; 3) c h s gc k.
a) Tm k ng thng d ct (C) ti ba im phn bit cng c honh m.
b) Tm k d ct (C) ti ba im phn bit A, B, C sao cho tip tuyn vi (C) ti hai im B, C vung gc vi nhau.
Bi 4. Cho hm s y = x
4
+ mx
2
m 1.
Tm m tip tuyn vi th ti A song song vi ng thng (d): y = 2x, vi A l im c nh c honh dng
ca th hm s.
Bi 5. Cho hm s
( ) 3 1
.
+
=
+
m x m
y
x m

Tm m tip tuyn ti giao im ca th hm s vi trc Ox song song vi ng thng (d): y = x 5.