Holographic Memory

By Name:S.Parveen HT.no: 08e01f0056 III Year, V Sem, MCA Nizam Institute of Engineering and Technology
Internal guide

Name: Mrs.shasikala

Assistant Professor,
Dept of MCA, Nizam Institute of Engineering and Technology

Content
1. Introduction. 2. What is Holographic memory? 3. What is HVD? 4. Structure of HVD. 5. How HVD Works? I. Writing Data II. Reading Data 6. Advantages of HVD 7. How HVD compares with other storage device? 8. Conclusion
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Introduction
As computer systems continue to become faster, they will need a way to access larger amounts of data in shorter periods of time. Holographic memory is a three-dimensional data

storage system that can stored information at high density inside the crystal or photopolymer.
Hence holographic storage system has the

potential to became the next storage generation over conventional storage system.

What is holographic memory?

It is a memory that can store information in form of

holographic image. It is a technique that can store information at high density inside crystals or photopolymers. As current storage techniques such as DVD reach the upper limit of possible data density (due to the diffraction limited size of the writing beams), holographic storage has the potential to become the next generation of storage media. Like other media, holographic media is divided into write once (where the storage medium undergoes some irreversible change),and rewritable media (where the change is reversible). Rewritable holographic storage can be achieved via the photorefractive effect in crystals.
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 Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) is an optical disc technology

What is HVD

still in the research stage which would hold up to 3.9 terabyte (TB) of information. It employs a technique known as collinear holography, whereby two lasers, one red and one blue-green, are collimated in a single beam.
The blue-green laser reads data encoded as laser interference

fringes from a holographic layer near the top of the disc while the red laser is used as the reference beam and to read servo information from a regular CD-style aluminum layer near the bottom.
Holographic memory systems have been around for decades.

They offer far more storage capacity than CDs and DVDs -- even "next-generation" DVDs like Blu-ray -- and their transfer rates leave conventional discs in the dust.
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Cont
These discs have the capacity to

hold up to 3.9 terabyte (TB) of information, which is approximately 6,000 times the capacity of a CD-ROM, 830 times the capacity of a DVD, 160 times the capacity of single-layer Bluray-Discs, and about 8 times the capacity of standard computer hard drives as of 2007.
The HVD also has a transfer rate

of 1gigabyte/s

Structure of HVD
1. Green writing/reading laser (532 nm) 2. Red positioning/addressing laser (650 nm) 3. Hologram (data) 4. Polycarbon layer 5. Photo polymeric layer (datacontaining layer) 6. Distance layers 7. Dichroic layer (reflecting green light) 8. Aluminum reflective layer (reflecting red light) 9. Transparent base

working principle of HVD

HVD uses a technology called 'collinear holography,' in

which two laser rays, one is blue-green and another is red, are collimated into a single beam..

The blue-green laser reads data encoded as laser

interference fringes from a holographic layer near the top of the disc while the red laser is used as the reference beam and to read servo information from a regular CD-style aluminum layer near the bottom. the read head over the disc, similar to the head, track, and sector information on a conventional hard disk drive.

Servo information is used to monitor the position of

SLM Inner :Information

Outer :Reference
Diffracted information beam (page data)
Diffracted reference beam (modulated)

Objective Lens
Fourier transformed information beam Fourier transformed reference beam

Cover Layer Recording Layer Reflective Layer Recorded Hologram

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The HVD System: Writing Data

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Cont
1. The process of writing information onto an HVD begins

with encoding the information into binary data to be stored in the SLM. These data are turned into ones and zeroes represented as opaque or translucent areas on a "page" -- this page is the image that the information beam is going to pass through. 2. once the page of data is created, the next step is to fire a laser beam into a beam splitter to produce two identical beams. One of the beams is directed away from the SLM -this beam becomes the reference beam. The other beam is directed toward the SLM and becomes the information beam.
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Cont...
3. When the information beam passes through the SLM, portions of the light are blocked by the opaque areas of the page, and portions pass through the translucent areas. In this way, the information beam carries the image once it passes through the SLM. 4.When the reference beam and the information beam rejoin on the same axis, they create a pattern of light interference -- the holography data. This joint beam carries the interference pattern to the photopolymer disc and stores it there as a hologram.

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Collinear Holography
Recording Process
Reference Pattern Information Pattern

SLM
Media

Lens
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The HVD System: Reading Data

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The HVD System: Reading Data

1. In order to retrieve and reconstruct the holographic page of

data stored in the crystal, the reference beam is shined into the crystal at exactly the same angle at which it entered to store that page of data.
2. Each page of data is stored in a different area of the crystal,

based on the angle at which the reference beam strikes it.

3.

During reconstruction, the beam will be diffracted by the crystal to allow the recreation of the original page that was stored. coupled device (CCD) camera, which interprets and forwards the digital information to a computer.

4. This reconstructed page is then projected onto the charge-

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Cont
5.The key component of any holographic data storage system is the angle at which the second reference beam is fired at the crystal to retrieve a page of data. It must match the original reference beam angle exactly. A difference of just a thousandth of a millimeter will result in failure to retrieve that page of data.

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Collinear Holography
Reconstructing Process
Reference Pattern Reconstructed Reflective Layer

SLM
Media

Lens
BS
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Advantages of HVD
1. Resistance to damage - If some parts of the medium are

damaged, all information can still be obtained from other parts. 2. Efficient retrieval - All information can be retrieved from any part of the medium.
3. These discs have the capacity to hold up to 3.9 terabyte (TB) of

information, which is approximately 6,000 times the capacity of a CD-ROM, 830 times the capacity of a DVD, 160 times the capacity of single-layer Blu-ray-Discs, and about 48 times the capacity of standard computer hard drives.
4. The HVD also has a transfer rate of 1 gigabit/s.

5.

While reading a page the entire page of data can be retrieved quickly and at one time .

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How HVD compares with other storage device?

While HVD is attempting to revolutionize data storage,

other discs are trying to improve upon current systems. Two such discs are Blu-ray and HD-DVD, deemed the next-generation of digital storage.
HD-DVD Blu-ray Approx. $18 54 GB 36.5 Mbps HVD Approx. $120 300 GB 1 Gbps

Initial cost for recordable disc

Initial storage capacity Read/write speed

Approx. $10 30 GB 36.5 Mbps

Conclusion
HVD will soon replace previous DVDs. It is currently supported by more than 170 of the world's

leading consumer electronics, personal computer, recording media, video game and music companies. The format also has broad support from the major movie studios as a successor to today's DVD format. The HVD playing device would have data rates 25 times faster than today's fastest DVD players.

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