TIU CHUN NGNH

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

CC KHOAN NHI QUI PHM THI CNG V NGHIM THU

22TCN - 1999

B GIAO THNG VN TI

C hiu lc t ngy /1999/Q-BGTVT, ngy Chng I QUY NH CHUNG / 03/1999 /03/1999.

Ban hnh km theo quyt nh s

1.1. Qui phm ny p dng cho vic thi cng v nghim thu cc khoan nhi b tng ct thp, lm mng cc cng trnh giao thng trn cn hoc di nc. 1.2. Khi thi cng cc khoan nhi bn cnh cng trnh xy dng c t trc, cn phi khoan nhi trong ng vch hoc phi c bin php khoan thch hp trnh hin tng st l thnh l khoan do p lc ngang ca t ln nh hng n cc cng trnh ln cn. Ch c php s dng nc hoc dung dch va st gi thnh vch l khoan nm cch cc ngi nh hoc cng trnh xy dng bn cnh ti thiu l 40m. 1.3. Trong cc trng hp s dng ng vch thp hoc cc ng BTCT lm vch sau dng cc loi my khoan o t (khoan tun hon thun, nghch hoc o bng gu ngom v.v...), cn phi lc chn kch thc ng cho thch hp m bo ng knh ti thiu ca cc ng vi thit k. 1.4. i vi nn ct kh, thi cng cc khoan nhi c ng vch hoc khng c ng vch, cao dng dch va st trong l khoan phi cao hn mt nc b

ngoi v khng c dung dch thm vo nn t ct. Khng c b tng trong trng hp thiu dng c ng dn b tng ri t do t cao ln hn 6m. Trong trng hp s dng cc loi ph gia nng cao tnh cng tc ca hn b tng v qua kt qu th nghim kim tra cho thy cht lng b tng m bo theo yu cu thit k, th c php thc hin phng php b tng ri t do t cao ti a l 20 m. 1.5. Ngi chu trch nhim thit k t chc thi cng, chn bin php, thit b my mc v xy dng cng ngh thi cng chi tit phi c chng ch trnh v kinh nghim v thi cng cc khoan nhi. Cc cn b, k thut vin, cng nhn v.v.. tham thi cng cc khoan nhi phi c chng ch a to tay ngh. Trc khi thi cng cc phi nghin cu k h s thit k bao gm: Cc ti liu c bn v a hnh, a cht, thu vn, kt cu mng cc v.v... 1.6. Phi lp qui trnh cng ngh thi cng i vi tng loi my khoan hng dn cho cn b, cng nhn v mi ngi tham gia hiu r cng ngh trc khi tin hnh thi cng. Thit k t chc thi cng v cng ngh thi cng phi c cp c thm quyn duyt. 1.7. Cc ph lc km theo c s dng tham kho, khng c vn dng lm c s cho cng tc kim tra, gim st, thi cng v nghim thu cc khoan nhi nu cc iu tri vi cc iu tng ng qui nh ca Qui phm ny.

Chng II CHUN B THI CNG Cng tc thit k t chc thi cng cc khoan 2.1. Khi thit k t chc thi cng cc khoan nhi cn phi iu tra v thu thp cc ti liu sau: 1) Bn v thit k mng cc khoan nhi, kh nng chu ti, cc yu cu th ti v phng php kim tra nghin thu. 2) Ti liu iu tra v a cht , thu vn, nc ngm. 3) Ti liu v bnh , a hnh ni thi cng, cc cng trnh h tng ti ch, nh ng giao thng, mng in, ngun nc sinh hot v thi cng. 4) Ngun vt liu cung cp cho cng trnh, v tr t khoan. 5) Tnh nng v s lng thit b thi cng c th huy ng cho cng trnh. 6) Cc nh hng c th tc ng ti mi trng v cng trnh ln cn. 7) Trnh cng ngh v k nng ca n v thi cng. 8) Cc yu cu v k thut thi cng v kim tra cht lng i vi cc khoan nhi. 2.2. Cng tc thit k t chc thi cng cc khoan nhi cn thc hin cc hng mc sau: 1) Lp bn v mt bng thi cng tng th bao gm v tr cc, b tr cc cng trnh ph tm nh trm b tng, h thng sn cng tc, dy truyn cng ngh thit b thi cng nh my khoan, cc thit b ng b i km, h thng cung cp v tun hon va st, h thng cp v x nc, h thng cp in, h thng ng cng v . 2) Lp cc bn v th hin cc bc thi cng, cc ti liu hng dn cc thao tc thi cng i vi cc thit b ch yu. Lp hng dn cng ngh thi cng v cc hng dn s dng cc thit b ng b. 3) Lp tin thi cng cng trnh. 4) Lp biu k hoch s dng nhn lc.
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5) Lp biu k hoch s dng thit b. 6) Lp bng tng vt t thi cng cng trnh. 7) Cc bin php m bo an ton lao ng v cht lng cng trnh. Vt liu v thit b 2.3. Cc vt liu, thit b dng trong thi cng cc khoan nhi phi tun th cc yu cu nu trong h s thit k, trong qui nh ca Qui phm ny v cc tiu chun hin hnh. 2.4. Cc thit b s dng nh my cu, my khoan, ba rung v.v... phi c y ti liu v tnh nng k thut, cng nh chng ch v cht lng, m bo an ton k thut ca nh ch to v phi c ng kim ca c quan thanh tra an ton theo ng cc quy tc k thut an ton hin hnh. 2.5. Vt liu s dng vo cng trnh cc khoan nhi nh xi mng, ct thp, va st, ph gia v.v... phi c y hng dn s dng v cc chng ch cht lng ca nh sn xut. Cc vt liu nh ct, , nc, va st, b tng phi c cc kt qu th nghim nh gi cht lng cng nh th nghim tuyn chn thnh phn b tng, kt qu p mu v.v... trc khi a vo s dng. Thi cng cc cng trnh ph tr 2.6. Trc khi thi cng cc khoan nhi, phi cn c vo cc bn v thit k thi cng tin hnh xy dng cc cng trnh ph tr nh: 1) ng cng v vn chuyn my mc, thit b, vt t phc v thi cng. 2) H thng cung cp nc gm ngun nc (ging nc, mng mng dn nc), cc my bm, cc b cha, h thng ng ng. 3) H thng cp in gm ngun in cao th, h thng truyn dn cao v h th, trm bin p, trm my pht in v.v... 4) H thng cung cp v tun hon va st gm kho cha bt bentonit, trm trn va st, cc my bm, cc b lng, h thng lc xoy, h thng ng ng.
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5) H thng cung cp b tng gm cc trm b tng, cc kho xi mng, cc my bm b tng, v h thng ng ng v.v... 6) Cc sn o thi cng, cc khung dn hng v.v... 2.7. Mt bng thi cng phi da vo a hnh, v tr xy dng mng m la chn cho ph hp v cn lu nhng im sau: 1) Khi thi cng trn bi cn, phi tin hnh san i, p t to mt bng thi cng, ri cc tm thp dy my khoan bnh xch c th di chuyn khoan coc. 2) Nu thi cng trn cn, c th to mt bng thi cng bng phng php p o t. 3) Ti nhng ni nc su hoc a cht phc tp bn ly, phi lm sn o cng t my khoan v cc thit b thi cng cc. C th dng h ni nh phao, ph t my khoan nhng phi neo cho h ni n nh. 2.8. Nu thit b khoan thuc loi ln, nng phi iu tra y c phng n v l trnh vn chuyn. 2.9. Phi m bo c din tch cng trng lp dng thit b, xp dng c. Phi gia c nn bi, mt ng to iu kin thun li cho vic lp dng cc thit b thi cng v phng tin vn chuyn i li. 2.10. Phi c phng n vn chuyn t thi, dn dp chng ngi xung quanh v di mt t, trnh gy nhim mi trng. 2.11. Phi xem xt tc hi ca ting n v chn ng v c bin php hn ch nh hng n khu vc xung quanh. 2.12. Trc khi khoan cc phi kim tra li ng c tuyn, lp cc mc cao , cc cc nh tim cc khoan. Cc mc cao v cc nh tim phi c t v tr khng b nh hng khi khoan v phi c bo v cn thn.
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2.13. Trc khi thi cng khoan nhng vng c nhiu bom mn trong chin tranh cn phi kho st thm d v c bin php r ph bom mn.

Chng III CNG TC KHOAN TO L Thit b khoan to l 3.1. Thit b to l khoan c nhiu loi, tnh nng v nguyn l lm vic khc nhau, nhng c th phn ra thnh cc loi ch yu sau: - My khoan xoay lc h ng vch, kt hp gu ngom c chng; - Khoan xoay; - Khoan p; - Gu ngom ri. Mt s loi my khoan c trnh by theo ph lc 10. L cc 3.2. L cc c th c to trng lng t bng cc cng ngh khoan khc nhau nn cn qui nh cc thng s khoan c th m bo l cc c cht lng qui nh. 3.4. nh v cc trn mt bng cn da vo cc mc v ng chun ta c xc nh ti hin trng. kch thc l cc ( su, ng knh, thng ng hoc nghing) thc hin theo yu cu ca thit k.

3.5. Sai s cho php ca l cc khoan nhi thi cng xong khng c vt qu cc qui nh nu trong iu 7.5 (bng 1 v 2) ca tiu chun ny. Khi thi cng trn nc (bin, sng, h ln v.v...) k s t vn thit k c th ni rng sai s cho php nu bng 2. 2.6. Thng thng cn tin hnh th nghim vic gi thnh l khoan trc khi khi cng cng trnh 3 h khoan ngoi khu vc cc, c ng knh v chiu su nh nhng cc quan trng nht, theo di trong thi gian t khng t hn 4 gi m khng c du hiu st l thnh l. Cc l khoan ny sau cn phi lp k li bng chnh t o ln hoc xi mng trn vi t. Trong trng hp khng c t trng lm vic ny th c th dng cc ca cng trnh th (k c b tng sau ) v do t vn thit k qui nh. Vt liu lm ng vch 3.7. ng vch l thit b cn dng chn t phc v cng tc khoan v c cc c tnh k thut c bn sau: - ng vch phi c ch to bng thp, c chiu dy ph thuc vo yu cu thi cng, thng t 6 16 mm. - ng knh trong ng vch phi ln hn ng knh cc t 10 n 20 cm. 3.8. i vi cc sng c dng chy, cn phi t chn ng vch di ng xi l cc b c tnh ton ti v tr khoan ti thiu l 1 m. Ch to ng vch 3.9. Chiu di ng vch c chn da vo kt qu tnh ton cao nh v cao chn ng vch. ng vch c ch to bng thp bn cun v hn thnh tng on ng c chiu di t 6 10m ti cc xng c kh chuyn dng; khi xut xng phi c chng ch m bo cht lng; kch thc v cu to ng vch

thnh phm phi m bo thun tin cho vic chuyn tr ng t ch ch to n cng trng. 3.10. Ti cng trng ng vch c ni bng hn theo chiu di thit k ph hp vi chiu cao v sc chu ca cu, nu chiu di ng vch cn ch to ln hn 15 m t cc t ng ngn, vic g hn ni ng c thc hin trn b g. Nu chiu di ng vch thit k qu ln khng ph hp vi chiu cao ca cu th c th tin hnh ni thm t ng ti ch bng hn nhng phi m bo cc yu cu v thng, kn nc, m bo sc chu khi ng ng vch. nh v v lp t ng vch 3.11. Khi t ng vch cn phi o c, nh v theo qui nh ca qui phm hin hnh (cc mc trong chng II Qui trnh thi cng v nghim thu cu cng s Quyt nh 166) v lu nhng im sau: 1. t ng vch trn cn: cng tc o c nh v thc hin bng my kinh v v thc thp; dng cn cu lp t. 2. t ng vch vng nc su: ngoi vic s dng cc loi my mc thit b trn o c v nh v cn dng thm h thng khung dn hng. Khung dn hng dng nh v ng vch phi cng v n nh di tc dng ca lc thu ng ca dng chy. Thit b h ng vch 3.12. Cn c vo cc yu t: a cht cng trnh; kch thc ng vch; chiu su h tnh ton v chn thit b h ng vch thch hp, trong cn lu nhng im sau: 1-i vi my khoan xoay lc h ng vch - ng vch c h bng thit b xi lanh thu lc xoay lc v n ng vch xung, cng nh nh ng vch ln. 2- i vi my khoan xoay vi ng vch t to . - H ng vch bng ba rung kt hp vi ly t bn trong bng my khoan, gu ngom, hoc ht bn.
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- H ng vch bng kch thu lc p xung. (Tnh nng ca cc loi ba rung xem ph lc 1). Cao nh v chn ng vch 3.13. Tu theo iu kin a cht, thy vn; phng php, loi thit b khoan v.v... m quyt nh t cao nh v y ng vch cho ph hp. 3.14. Nu khoan cc nhi vng b nh hng ca nc thy triu th nh ng vch phi cao hn mc nc cao nht ti thiu l 2m. Khi khoan trn cn, ngoi nhng yu cu trn cn phi t ng vch cao hn mt t hin ti ti thiu 0.3m. 3.15. Khi khoan trn cn, tu iu kin a cht m t chn ng vch cao sao cho p lc ca ct dung dch khoan ln hn p lc ngang ca t nc ngm ngoi thnh vch v hot ti thi cng. Nn t chn ng vch vo tng t khng thm nc nm pha di mc nc ngm. Trong trng hp tng t khng thm nc nm qu su, khng th a chn ng vch ti c th chiu di ca on ng vch trong t phi ln hn 1,5 ln khong cch t mt t n mc nc ngm. 3.16. i vi cc sng c dng chy, cn phi t chn ng vch di ng xi l cc b c tnh ton ti v tr khoan ti thiu l 1 m. Chun b khoan 3.17. Trc khi thi cng cc khoan nhi, cn phi chun b h s ti liu, thit b my mc v mt bng thi cng, m bo cc yu cu sau: - Khoan thm d a cht ti ch c d liu trc. - Sn sut cc ng vch thp theo chiu di m thit k thi cng yu cu. - Lm cc th nghim chn t l pha trn thnh phn va st ph hp vi yu cu ca l khoan.
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- Ch to lng ct thp - Th nghim chn t l thnh phn hn hp b tng cc cho l khoan - Lp cc quy trnh cng ngh khoan nhi c th v hng dn, ph bin, o to cng ngh thi cng cho cn b, cng nhn tham gia cng trnh. 3.18. Da trn c s phng php v thit b my khoan, ty theo tng v tr c th ca cc m phi chun b mt bng lp t my khoan. Khi kh nng chu ti ca t nn khng m bo t my v thit b thi cng trn n, ty theo iu kin thi cng c th chn gii php gia c nn t sau: - Dng xe i san v nn cht t. - o b lp t yu thay t tt - Gia c t bng vi hoc xi mng v.v... - Lt mt bng t vt, vn dy bng g hoc lt bng thp tm, thp hnh. Khi k bng thp tm cn chng trt v xoay chn chng my khoan. 3.19. i vi cc my khoan xon c hay my khoan gu xoay dng thi cng trn cn, khi a my khoan vo v tr v t b phn chnh ca my trn cc tm tn dy 20 mm. Cc chn my phi c k cng v cn bng khi khoan khng b nghing hoc di ng. 3.20. i vi cc my khoan tun hon thun hoc ngc, u khoan c treo bng gi khoan hoc bng cn cu, do cn my khoan v sn cng tc chu tc dng ca lc thi cng. V vy, trc khi khoan phi nh v gi khoan cn bng, ng tim cc thit k. Cc sn cng tc phi m bo n nh di ti trng thi cng v ti trng ng. 3.21. nh v my khoan cc nh sau: a) i vi phng php my khoan xoay lc ng vch, c th chn mt trong ba phng php sau y xc nh v tr lp t my: + V chu vi ngoi chn ca ng vch trn mt t.
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+ ng t nht 3 cc nh trn chu vi . + Lm mt vnh ai nh v bng vi chu vi ngoi ca chn ng vch. b) i vi phng php khoan bng my khoan gu xoay, di chuyn my khoan u khoan vo trng tim cc xc nh. c) i vi phng php thi cng tun hon ngc, c th chn mt trong ba thit b nh ba rung, ba xung kch hoc kch thu lc h ng vch xung. trong khi nh v, phi kim tra xem ng vch nm ng vo v tr ca cc cha, nu b sai lch phi lp bn thao tc iu chnh lai. o c trong khi khoan 3.22. nh v tim u khoan hoc tim ng vch bng cc thit b o c cng trnh, theo cc cc du c xy dng t trc. Trong qu trnh khoan phi theo di tim cc bng my kinh v, o c su l khoan, ng thi phi lun quan st v ghi chp s thay i cc lp a cht qua mn khoan ly ra. Khoan l 3.23. Phi la chn thit b khoan cho ph hp vi iu kin a cht, thu vn v phi c phng php khoan, x l khoan thch hp (xem ph lc 11). 3.24. Phi ch n khi b tng cc bn cnh trong cng mt mng t 50-70% cng thit k mi c khoan tip, vic quyt nh chn thi im khoan cn ph thuc vo khong cch gia cc cc trong mng. 3.25. i vi nhng l khoan s dng dung dch va st gi thnh vch, cn b ph dung dch lin tc trong qu trnh khoan, ngng khoan hoc b tng .Khng c cao dung dch trong l khoan h xung di mc qui nh gy st l vch.

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3.26. Khi ngng khoan lu phi rt u khoan ra khi h khoan, trnh khoan b chn vi khi sp vch, ming h khoan phi c y np. 3.27. Khi a mi khoan ln x t hoc ni di cn khoan phi rt t t, khng c cho u khoan va chm vo vch gy st l. 3.26. Sai s cho php trong cng tc khoan to l c qui nh ti iu 7.4 ca Qui phm ny. Cao dung dch khoan ng vch 3.28. Cao ct dung dch gi n nh thnh vch phi cao hn mc nc ngm hoc mc nc mt hn 2m. Ti nhng ni nc ngm hoc c p lc ngang khc cn phi tnh ton k trc khi quyt nh s dng cht dung dch. 3.29. Trong qu trnh khoan phi lun theo di vic cp va st cho bm ht (phng php tun hon ngc). Nu ht va st d tr th phi ngng ngay khoan. Trong mi trng hp cm dung dch va st trong h khoan b h thp hn cao qui nh qu 1m. X l lng cn 3.30. Cng tc x l lng cn phi thc hin trc khi b tng. Khi khoan cc n cao thit k, khng c ng bn t hoc va st y l khoan lm gim kh nng chi ti ca cc. i vi mi cc, sau khi khoan u phi thc hin vic x l cn lng k lng. Phng php x l cn lng l loi ht th 3.31. Loi cn lng c ng knh ht tng i ln, phi thc hin x l ngay sau khi to l t ti su thit k. Khng c nng ngay thit b to l ln m phi tip tc thao tc thi t ra ngoi cho n khi kim tra thy sch cn lng y l khoan m dng.
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3.32. i vi phng php khoan l tun hon ngc, sau khi kt thc cng tc khoan phi nng u khoan ln cch y khong 20 cm, tip tc quay mi khoan v bm ht dung dch va st. ng thi tin hnh kim tra dung dch trong l khoan theo cc ch tiu trong mc iu 7.4 ca Qui phm ny cho n khi t c yu cu mi dng. Sau khi hon thnh cng vic phi rt y khoan ln t t vi tc t 2 n 4 m/pht. 3.33. i vi phng php khoan xoay lc ng vch, sau khi kt thc thao tc to l phi ch khong t 15 n 20 pht mi c th nh gu ngom xung y l, ngom cn lng y l ln. Khi cn lng y cn t, dng bm ht ct th xung y l, khuy nh cn lng ln ht ra ngoi. 3.34. i vi phng php khoan l bng gu xoay, sau khi khoan xong yn mt thi gian t 15 n 20 pht ri dng gu khoan c l chn c bit ly cn lng ln. Phng php x l cn lng l loi ht rt nh, ni trong nc tun hon hoc nc trong l 3.35. Cn phi x l lng cn ht nh trc khi th lng ct thp hoc trc khi b tng. C th dng phng php bm khng kh xung (phng php ht bn khng kh) hoc phng php bm ht tun hon ngc ht bn: - Nu dng phng php bm kh xung l khoan ht bn, phi u ht bn hoc ming phun nm cng su vo trong nc cng hiu qu. - Nu dng phng php tun hon ngc th cn phi cho ming ng ht bn di ng y l khoan y cn lng ln. Trong qu trnh ht phi lun b sung dung dch vo trong ng, khng c nc trong ng b h thp gy st l thnh vch.

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3.36. i vi cc loi cc nm su di t hn 10 m, th khng nn dng phng php ht bn khng kh v hiu qu km; nn dng phng php bm ht tun hon ngc. Chng IV DUNG DCH KHOAN 4.1. Tu theo iu kin a cht, thu vn, nc ngm, thit b khoan m chn phng php gi thnh vch l khoan cho thch hp. 4.2. Dung dch va st (Bentonite) dng gi thnh vch gm: nc, bt st, CMC v tc nhn phn tn khc. Dung dch va st c th s dng i vi ni c lp a tng d st l v m bo c cc yu cu k thut sau: - C th dng mi loi a tng. - Dng cho mi loi thit b khoan v dng mi khoan. - Gi cho mn khoan khng lng ng di y h khoan v a chng theo dung dch ra ngoi. 4.3. Dung dch khoan c th l nc thng ti ni m a tng l t dnh nh: t st, st, t tht, hoc g nai phong ho, v.v... 4.4. Dung dch khoan phi chn da trn c s tnh ton theo nguyn l cn bng p lc ngang, gia ct dung dch trong h khoan v p lc ca t v nc quanh vch l. i vi cc l khoan c lp a tng d st l, p lc ca ct dung dch phi lun ln hn p lc ngang ca t v nc bn ngoi. 4.5. Trng hp pha trn h khoan chu ti trng ca cc thit b thi cng nng hoc cc cng trnh xy dng ln cn, phi s dng ng vch chng st l. su ca ng vch trong trng hp ny phi cn c vo kt qu tnh ton

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c th, sao cho on l khoan khng ng vch c p lc ca ct dung dch ln hn p lc t nc xung quanh thnh vch. 4.6. Nu p lc nc ngm cao hn mc bnh thng (v d trong trng hp nc ngm trn ln c mt t) th cn phi tng t trng dung dch va st ln cho ph hp. t c mc ch trn c php trn thm vo trong dung dch cc cht c t trng cao nh barit hoc ct magnetic v.v... 4.7. Dung dch dng trong khoan nhi phi c cht lng tt v khng b h hng theo thi gian. Thnh phn v tnh cht ca dung dch va st s dng cho mi l khoan cn phi bo m s n nh trong thi gian thi cng. Cc thng s ca dung dch phi c chn thch hp vi iu kin ca khu vc xy dng v m bo cc yu cu qui nh trong iu 7.7. Tu theo iu kin a cht ti v tr khoan cc m chn cc ch tiu v nht v khi lng ring ca dung dch cho thch hp (tham kho ph lc 8). Kim tra, iu ch, iu chnh dung dch 4.8. S ln th nghim, v tr ly mu c php tham kho ph lc 8 ca Qui phm ny vn dng cho cng tc khoan cc nhi ti cng trnh c th. 4.9. Dung dch va st sau khi iu ch phi m bo c yu cu gi n nh thnh vch i vi loi t ni khoan cc. Trong qu trnh s dng va st, phi th nghim v iu chnh cc ch tiu k thut ca dung dch cho ph hp. S dng li dung dch va st 4.10. Qua vic kim tra v iu chnh ng qui nh, dung dich va st c th ti s dng nhiu ln trong thi gian thi cng. Nu cng tc kim tra, iu chnh c thc hin y th c th s dng li dung dch va st trong khong thi gian thi cng cng trnh, nhng khng c qu 6 thng.

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4.11. Nu dung dch b nhim xi mng khng th iu chnh bng cht phn tn c na th phi loi b. Chng V CNG TC CT THP Gia cng lng ct thp 5.1. Lng ct thp phi gia cng m bo yu cu ca thit k v: quy cch, chng loi ct thp, phm cp que hn, quy cch mi hn, di ng hn v.v... 5.2. Ct thp c ch to sn ti nh my hoc cng trng v c h xung h khoan. Lng ct thp phi c gia cng ng thit k. Cc ct dc v ngang ghp thnh lng ct thp bng cch buc hoc hn. Cc thanh ct thp c bit nh: vng ai gi c lp dng, khung quay dng lng v.v... phi c hn vi ct thp ch. Ct thp dng cho cc phi l thp chu hn. Ct thp ch 5.3. ng knh ct thp theo ch nh ca n thit k nhng khng nh hn 12 mm, c th t ti 32 mm v c bit n 40 mm. t dng ng knh ln hn 25 mm, v kh hn (t hp vi cc ct ai) v kh thao tc. 5.4. S lng ct thp theo ch nh ca n thit k, nhng khng t hn 3 thanh. Khong cch tnh ti thiu gia ct thp ch l 10 cm. 5.5. Chiu di ct thp ch ph thuc vo on chia chia. Lng ct thp phi ch to thnh tng on cn c vo chiu di tng th ca cc. Thng thng cc on chia c th l 12 v 14 m, ln nht l 15 m v chiu cao ca mc cu thng khng vt qua 15m. Lng ct thp ca cc c chiu di ln (ln hn 15 m) phi c phn thnh tng t, sau c t hp ti cng trng khi h

16

lng vo trong h khoan. Cn lu khi ghp lng, t di nht phi t pha di vic h lng ct thp xung l khoan c d dng. 5.6. Mi ni cc on lng ct thp nn dng bng hn (i vi cc chu lc ko) hoc buc (i vi cc chu lc nn) v theo yu cu ca tiu chun thit k kt cu b tng ct thp hin hnh. Ct thp ai 5.7. ng knh vng ai hay vng l so ca lng ct thp theo ch nh ca n thit k. Khi gia cng ct thp ai cn lu nhng im sau: - ng knh danh nh ca ct thp ai nh hn ng knh cc 10 cm (2x5 cm tng phng h) i vi cc cc thi cng khng ng vch. - ng knh danh nh ca ct thp ai nh hn ng knh cc 6 cm i vi cc cc khoan c ng vch. - ng knh ct thp ai t 6 -16 mm, khong cch gia cc vng ai thc hin theo n thit k nhng khng c ln hn 55 cm. 5.8. d dng cho vic ch to lng, cn phi s dng cc ct thp c bit lm vng ai lp dng hoc vng c. ng knh vnh ai phi tun th theo ng h s thit k. Vnh ai phi m bo cng c th gi vng lng thp v cc ng thm d khuyt tt khi nng chuyn. Vnh ai c ni kn bng hn chng hoc hn i u. Thit bi nh tm lng thp 5.9. Khi lp t lng thp trong l khoan, nh v chnh xc tm v trnh s va chm ca lng ct thp vo thnh vch, cn phi s dng cc thit b nh tm lng thp hoc con m: +Cc con c (Tai nh v): Con c c lm bng thanh thp trn, hn vo ct thp dc v c gi l thanh trt. Kch thc ca thanh trt c chn cn c
17

vo kch thc lng ct thp v ng knh l khoan thc t. Thng thng gn 4 thanh trt trn mt mc (cng mt cao ). i vi cc cc c ng knh ln, c u tin (mc gn m cc nht) c gn 8 thanh trt. Gia cc mc thng cch nhau khong 2 m. Cc con c phi c lm bng thp cng v c ng knh nh hn ng knh ct thp dc mt c (xem hnh 13). +Cc con m bng b tng: m bo tng phng h lng ct thp v nh tm lng thp c th dng cc con m, hnh trn bng xi mng. trnh s thm nhp ca nc gy ra g ct thp dc, khng c c nh con m trn ct thp dc (xem hnh 15b). Nn hn c nh con m vo gia 2 thanh ct thp dc cnh nhau bng mt thanh thp nh nh hnh 15a. Ct thp tng cng lm cng lng 5.10. Trong trng hp ton b h thng ct thp vnh ai khng lm cng lng khi nng chuyn, cn phi gia cng tng cng lng cc ct thp c bit. Cc ct thp ny c th c nm li hoc c tho d dn khi h lng vo trong h khoan nu gy cn tr vic h cc ng b tng. Ct thp tng cng ny gm cc loi sau: - Cc thanh ging cng chng li s lm mo van lng ct thp. - Cc thanh ct thp gi cho lng ct thp khng nghing v b xon. Gi chn lng ct thp 5.11. Phn ct thp dc u mi cc c un vo tm cc gi l gi chn lng ct thp (xem hnh 16). Vic gia cng gi chn lng ct thp phi tun th ng h s thit k.

Mc treo 5.14. Mc treo phi b tr sao cho khi cu lng ct thp khng b bin dng ln. Cn phi chn ct thp chuyn dng lm mc cu v phi gia cng mc treo theo ng v tr mc cu c tnh ton trc ( xem hnh 12 chi tit A).
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ng thm d 4.15. kim tra khng ph hu cc cc thi cng xong, cn t trc cc ng chn sn bng kim loi trn sut chiu di cc c np y y ng, c kch thc ph hp vi phng php thm d: dng ng 50/60 mm thm d bng siu m v ng 102/114 mm khoan ly mu b tng y h khoan. Khng nn dng cc ng thm d bng cht do v d bin dng do nhit thy ha khi b tng ng cng 4.16. Cc ng thm d c hn trc tip ln vnh ai hoc dng thanh thp hn kp ng vo ai, cch lp dng ng c th tham kho hnh 17 v 18. 4.17. i vi cc ng 102/114mm dng khoan mu phi t cao hn chn lng thp 1m v khng trng vo v tr ct thp ch. 4.18. Phi c bit lu n v tr ca ng thm d ti mi ni cc on lng ct thp m bo cho ng chc chn, lin tc. i vi cc khoan su khng qu 20m vi ng knh cc khng qu 0,80m th khng cn t ng thm d. Bc d hng trong kho v ti cng trng 4.19. i vi cc cc c ng knh ln, khng c nng chuyn lng ct thp ti 1 hoc 2 im, phi gi lng ct thp ti nhiu im hn ch bin dng (xem hnh 19). 4.20. Lng ct thp phi c tp kt trn nn bi lng bng b tng hoc nhng khu bai sch s, kh ro. Lng ct thp phi c xp trn nhiu con k bng g trnh bin dng v khng c chng ln nhau. Dng v t lng ct thp vo l khoan

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4.21. Trc khi h lng ct thp vo v tr, cn o c kim tra li cao ti 4 im xung quanh v 1 im gia y l khoan. Cao y khng c sai lch vt qu quy nh cho php (h 100 m m). 4.22. Cc thao tc dng v t lng ct thp vo l khoan phi c thc hin hn ch ti a lng mn khoan sinh ra trc khi b tng. (khng c qu 1 gi k t khi thu dn xong l khoan). 4.23. Khi h lng ct thp n cao thit k phi treo lng pha trn khi b tng lng ct thp khng b un dc v m thng nn t y l khoan. Lng ct thp phi c gi cch y h khoan 10 cm. 4.24. Cc bc c bn lp t v h cc on lng ct thp nh sau: + No vt y l. + H t t on th nht vo trong h khoan cho n cao m bo cho thun tin cho vic ni t tip theo th dng. + Gi lng ct thp bng gi chuyn dng c ch to bng ct thp ng knh ln hoc thp hnh. + a on tip theo v thc hin cng tc ni lng ct thp (hn cc thanh ct dc vi nhau hocni buc ti ch hay bt ni bng cc). + Tho gi v h tip lng ct thp xung. + Lp li cc thao tc trn i vi vic ni cc on tip theo cho n on cui cng. + Kim tra cao pha trn ca lng ct thp. + Kim tra y l khoan. + Neo lng ct thp khi b tng lng ct thp khng b tri ln. 4.25. Lng ct thp sau khi ghp ni phi thng, cc ng thm d phi thng v thng sut; lch tm ca ng ti v tr ni lng ct thp khng c vt qu 1 cm.
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Chng VI CNG TC B TNG CC KHOAN Yu cu v vt liu 6.1. Thnh phn hn hp b tng phi c thit k v iu chnh bng th nghim sao cho m bo cc yu cu ca thit k. 6.2 Cc loi vt liu cu thnh hn hp b tng phi c kim tra v cht lng trc khi s dng v tun th theo cc tiu chun ca Vit Nam hin hnh: + Xi Mng: Dng xi mng portland PC40 tr ln m bo tiu chun TCVN 2682-1992. + Ct liu th: Dng c thnh phn ht cp phi lin tc Dmin = 525 mm, tun th theo tiu chun TCVN 4453-1995. + Ct:Dng ct vng c m un 2,5, tun th theo tiu chun TCVN 44531995. + Nc: Sch, khng c tp cht, tun th theo qui nh ca tiu chun TCVN 4506-87 . + Ph gia: C th dng ph gia cho b tng tng tnh cng tc ca b tng v ko di thi gian ninh kt ca b tng cho ph hp vi kh nng cung cp b tng. Khi s dng ph gia phi tun th cc qui nh ca Nh nc v thc hin ng ch dn ca nh sn xut. + T l nc/xi mng: N/XM 0,45.

Yu cu k thut v b tng di nc 6.3. Trc khi a vo s dng ng quy trnh quy phm hin hnh v bo m cc yu cu ca va b tng khi b tng di nc. + st SN=16 -18 cm.

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+ Cng b tng di nc: theo yu cu ca thit k. + tit nc tng i=0,012-0,020. + Thi gian duy tr lu ng > 40 pht. Trong thi gian ny st cho php t10 n 16 cm. Kt qu th nghim t l phi trn phi c duyt mi a ra s dng. Trm b tng 6.4. Phi cn c vo khi lng cn tnh ra cng sut my trn. My trn b tng phi cng sut m bo cung cp b tng lin tc trong qu trnh thi cng. Nn b tr my trn gn v tr thi cng cc gim thi gian ch do vn chuyn. 6.5. H thng trm trn phi c kim tra v iu chnh chnh xc thng xuyn vic cn ong ct liu m bo ng v . 6.6. Thi gian trn m bo theo tnh nng my trn. Phi c cn b th nghim c trch vic theo di cng tc trn b tng v th nghim st ca tng m trn v ghi s theo di y . Vn chuyn b tng 6.7. Cc phng tin vn chuyn b tng phi bo m kn, khng lm chy mt va xi mng. Nu trm trn xa cng trng th phi vn chuyn b tng bng xe trn t hnh. Xe trn cp b tng ti trc tip vo ng dn, hoc cho my bm b tng. My bm cung cp b tng phi m bo tt, cng sut thi cng cc lin tc. 6.8. Thi gian t khi trn xong n khi vo cc khng c qu 30 pht v phi m bo st ca b tng ng theo qui nh ca iu 6.3 ti v tr b tng.

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ng dn b tng 6.9. ng dn phi m bo yu cu k thut sau: + ng phi kn chu p lc trong qu trnh bm b tng, ng phi nhn c bn trong v bn ngoi, cc mi ni ng khng c li ra v mc vo lng thp trong khi b tng. + Mi t ca ng ni di khong 3 m, mi ni phi c cu to d tho lp (c ren vung, hoc mi ni hnh thang). + Chiu dy thnh ng ti thiu l 8 mm. + ng knh trong ca ng ti thiu phi gp 4 ln ng knh ct liu to nht ca hn hp b tng. + ng knh ngoi ca ng khng c vt qu 1/2 ng knh danh nh ca cc. + on ng c bit ni t my bm ti ng dn b tng phi c cu to cong c th thot c bt kh ln trong hn hp b tng ra ngoi (xem hnh 21 v cc iu 6.20 v 6.21). + Chiu di ng cn c vo cao y l khoan v cao sn kp c ng tnh ton quyt nh. Thng thng on mi ng dn c b tr bng 1m ng c bit. 6.10. Lp t ng dn vo l khoan gm cc bc sau: + nh du chiu cao ng. + Lp t h dm k kp c trn sn cng hoc mt ng vch. Dng cu lp tng on ng dn vo l khoan theo t hp c tnh ton. + Ton b h thng ng dn c treo bng kp c trn sn kp phi m bo ng thng ng. + ng dn c th c rt ln h xung bng cn cu. + Sau khi t hp xong, dng cu h mi ng cch y l khoan 2 m; nh v ng dn ng tm l khi thao tc ng khng chm vo lng thp. Phu
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6.11. Phu c gn vo pha trn ca ng dn bng ren vic tho lp c d dng, gc gia hai thnh phu khong t 60 80 b tng d xung. Qu cu b tng 6.12. Qu cu b tng dng ngn cch b tng trong ng dn vi nc hoc dung dch khoan. Qu cu b tng c th lm bng: + g tin trn hnh cu hoc bn cu, bc bng vi bt; + nha hnh chu hoc cc ming xp nh v.v.. 6.13. Trc khi b tng, phi t qu cu ti v tr pha di c phu khong 20 - 40 cm khi b tng chy trong ng qu cu i trc y dung dch khoan ra khi y ng dn. Chun b l khoan v dn y trc khi b tng 6.14. Sau khi h lng ct thp vo v tr, cn o c kim tra li cao y l khoan v ton b lng thp trong l khoan, chnh sa m bo ng yu cu thit k trc khi tin hnh b tng. 6.16. Khi khoan n cao thit k, tu theo phng php khoan m chn cch x l cn lng theo qui nh ca Qui phm ny (t iu 3.23 n 3.31) lm sch mn trong l khoan. 6.17. Trc khi b tng dng ng dn lp trong l khoan dn li y l khoan. Phi dng my bm ht dung dch va st trong l khoan ra bng cch ni my bm vi ng dn b tng bng mt on ng ni ch to sn. Phi th nghim dung trng v hm lng ct, nh gi sch ca l khoan, n khi t yu cu th mi dng cng tc dn y. Thi gian t khi dng cng tc dn y n lc bt du b tng khng vt qu 1 gi. Cng tc b tng cc
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6.18. Trng hp lng b tng sai lch khng bnh thng so vi tnh ton (t qu hoc nhiu qu 30%) th phi dng cc bin php c bit. 6.19. C th b tng cc theo cc phng php c bn sau: + Phng php di chuyn thng ng ng dn ; + Phng php bm b tng qua ng dn vo cc; + Phng php dng gu ng m c iu khin (ch c dng vi cc ging khoan c ng knh ln). Phng php di chuyn thng ng ng dn 6.20. Khi s dng phng php di chuyn thng ng ng dn cn tun th cc quy nh sau: 1) Trc khi b tng cc khoan, h thng ng dn c h xung cch y h khoan 20 cm. Lp phu vo u trn ng dn. 2) Treo qu cu b tng bng giy thp 2 hoc 3mm hoc giy thng. Qu cu c t thng bng trong ng dn ti v tr di c phu khong t 2040 cm v phi tip xc kn kht vi thnh ng dn. 3) Dng my bm rt dn b tng vo cnh phu, khng c rt trc tip b tng ln cu lm lt cu. Trong khi b tng khng c dng va xi mng ct bi trn lng ng dn. 4) Khi b tng y phu, th si dy thp gi cu b tng p cu xung v tip tc cp b tng vo phu. 5) Phi b tng vi tc chm khng lm chuyn dch lng thp v trnh lm b tng b phn tng. 6) Trong qu trnh b tng phi gi mi ng dn lun ngp vo trong b tng ti thiu l 2 m v khng vt qu 5 m. Khng c cho ng chuyn ng ngang. Khi dch chuyn ng thng ng phi tnh ton xc nh chnh xc mi ca ng dn m bo khng c a mi ng dn b tng sai vi quy nh ca iu ny. Tc rt h ng khng ch khong 1,5 m/pht

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7) B tng ti trc khi x vo my bm phi c th nghim kim tra cht lng bng mt v bng cch o st. 8) Nu st khng m bo (thp so vi thit k) th phi iu chnh nhng khng c cho thm nc vo va. 9) Trong qu trnh b tng, nu tc ng, cm khng c lc ng ngang, cm dng n kim loi p vo vch ng lm mo ng, phi s dng v g g hoc dng bin php ko ln h xung nhanh b tng trong ng tt ra. Khi x l tc ng theo phng php ny, phi xc nh chnh xc cao mt b tng v cao mi ng dn trnh rt ng sai vi qui nh. 10) Trong khi b tng, phi o c v ghi chp quan h gia lng b tng v cao mt b tng trong l kim tra tng i ng knh trung bnh v tnh trng thnh vch ca l khoan. 11) Khi b tng cc giai on cui thng gp va ht nh ni ln, v vy phi tip tc b tng ton b va tro ra khi ng vch cho n khi b tng ton cc c cp phi ng nht. xc nh mt dm trn lp mt b tng phi dng dng c o c bit, phi chn hnh dng, kch thc, vt liu v th nghim trc khi dng. Ngi thc hin cng tc o phi l chuyn trch v c kinh nghim. Phng php bm b tng qua ng dn vo cc 6.21. Phng php bm b tng c thc hin theo qui nh sau: 1) B tng c bm qua ng dn xung l khoan. 2) Phn mi ng dn phi c l trng thot khng kh, nc hoc bn. ng dn b tng phi c bt kn u trn bng np vn, phn u ng dn ny phi c cu to trong trng hp my bm hng hoc gp s c khc c th t c phu b tng theo phng phc khc. 6.22. Cng vic mi khi bm c thc hin theo cc bc sau y:

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+ M np bt ca ng b tng v a vo mt nt mi (bng tm do ch to t xi mng vi si kim loi). + Trong thi gian bm u tin phi h np cho khng kh thot ra ngoi. Ch ng np li khi hn hp b tng y v bt u tro ra ngoi ng. 6.23. Vic cp b tng phi u n v lin tc t khi bt u cho n khi hon thnh khi lng b tng ca ton cc. Khng c di chuyn ng dn mnh, khng c lm tt mt nt mi. b tng bng thng c np van 6.24. Phng php ny ch p dng cho vic b tng cc ging khoan c ng knh ln, chiu di cc nh (ng knh trn 3m, chiu di cc nh hn 20m) v iu kin b tng phi thun li. 6.25. Ch c thc hin b tng bng thng khi phng n thi cng m bo khng lm nh hng n cht lng ca cc theo qui nh ca n thit k v c c quan c thm quyn chp thun. 6.26. Khng c b tng trong trng hp thiu ng dn v b tng ri t do t cao ln hn 6m. i vi trng hp s dng cc loi ph gia nng cao tnh cng tc ca hn b tng v qua kt qu th nghim kim tra cho thy cht lng b tng m bo theo yu cu thit k, th c php thc hin phng php b tng ri t do t cao ti a l 20 m. Chng VII CNG TC KIM TRA NGHIM THU Yu cu chung 7.1. Vic kim tra, gim st cht lng v nghim thu cc khoan nhi ph thc hin ti hin trng v cc phng th nghm chuyn ngnh.
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7.2. Cc dng c, thit b kim tra cht lng thi cng cc phi m bo chnh xc, tin cy v c Tng Cc o lng cht lng Vit Nam cng nhn. Cc h s, ti liu nghim thu, cc kt qu th nghim v.v... phi c y v m bo chnh xc. 7.3. Cc cn b k thut, cc th nghim vin lm cng tc th nghim, kim tra, gim st v nghim thu k thut cht lng phi c c trnh chuyn mn v c o to, hng dn cng ngh thi cng cc khoan nhi. Kim tra cng tc khoan to l 7.4. Trong qua trnh khoan cc cn kim tra cc thng v s l khoan theo bng 1 sau y:

Bng 1: Cc thng s cn kim tra v l khoan. Thng s kim tra Tnh trng l Phng php kim tra - Kim tra bng mt v n di. 1 - Dng phng php siu m hoc camera ghi chp thnh l khoan. - So snh khi lng t ly ln vi th tch hnh hc ca cc. 2 thng ng v su - Theo lng dung dch gi thnh vch. - Theo chiu di cn khoan. - Dng qu di. - My o nghing, phng php siu m. - Mu, calip, thc xp m v t ghi ln nh

TT

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Kch thc l

ca ng knh. - Theo ng knh ng vch. - Theo m ca cnh mi khoan khi m rng y. - Ly mu v so snh vi t, lc khoan. o

Tnh trng y l su trong khon thi gian khng nh hn 4 gi. khoan v su - sch ca nc thi ra. ca mi cc. - Dng phng php th qu ri hoc xuyn ng. - Phng php in (in tr, in rung v.v...)

7.5. Trc khi b tng cn phi thc hin kim tra l cc theo cc thng s bng 1 v lp thnh bin bn lm cn c nghim thu. Sai s cho php v l khoan nhi c qui nh trong bng 2a v 2b. Bng 2a: Sai s cho php v kch thc hnh hc l khoan cc nhi. Sai s cho php 1. Sai s v ng knh (D) v thng ng (tg) ca cc khoan nhi: Trong trng hp chng c b tr theo mt hng dc theo cu: 0,04 D; 1:200 - Thi cng cc di nc Tng cc Nghim thu (o bng my thu bnh, ng di v thc dy) 0,04 D; 1:200 - Thi cng cc trn cn. Trong trng hp chng c b tr theo hai hoc nhiu hng dc theo cu: nt nt Kim tra Phng php kim tra

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 0,1 D; 1:100 - Thi cng cc di nc. 0,05 D; 1:100 - Thi cng cc trn cn. 2. Kch thc thc t ca l khoan v ng knh on m rng y cc so vi thit k, cm: 25 - Chiu su l khoan (cao mi cc) 5 - ng knh l khoan. 10 - Cao phn m rng cc pha di.

nt nt

nt nt

Tng l koan

Kim tra (o theo ch dn ca thit k mng cc)

nt Tng cc c m rng ng knh

nt nt

10 - ng knh on m rng cc. 5 - Chiu di on m rng cc. Bng 2b: Sai s v v tr cc

nt nt

nt nt

Sai s v v tr cc (cm) Cc n; cc di Cc di mng Phng php to l mng trc cc. 1. Cc thnh khoan gi D 100 cm bng dung D/6 nhng khng ln hn 10 D/4 nhng khng ln hn 15 bng ngang; theo bng theo trc cc dc; cc nm

bin trong nhm trong nhm cc.

dch va st. D>100 cm 2. Khoan cc trong ng vch. D 500 cm D>500 cm 10 + 0,1H 7 10 15 + 0,1H 15 15
30

3. Khoan gung xon v m rng y

15

Ch thch: 1. K hiu H l khong cch gia ct cao mt t ni thi cng vi ct cao u cc qui nh trong thit k; D l ng knh thit k cc. 2. Gi tr m sai s cho php v ng knh cc l ch c mt ct c bit, khi c m rng y cc th sai s cho php y m rng l 10 cm. 3. Sai s v nghing ca cc khng ln hn 15% gc nghing ca cc. 4. Sai s cho php v su l khoan l 10 cm. Kim tra cn lng trong l 7.6. Cng tc kim tra cn lng trong l phi thc hin ngay sau khi kt thc vic to l v x l lng cn. Trc khi b tng phi o li cao y l khoan, chiu dy ca lp cn lng xung di y l (nu cn) phi ghi vo nht k khoan l v khng c vt qu qui nh trong bng 3. Bng 3: B dy bn lng cho php (h). Loi cc Cc chng Cc chng + ma st Cc ma st Sai s cho php h 5 cm h 10 cm h 20 mm Kim tra cht lng dung dch khoan 7.7. Trc khi b tng, khi lng ring ca dung dch trong khon 50 cm k t y l khoan phi nh hn 1,25, hm lng ct 8%, nht 28 s Dung dch va st dng thi cng cc khoan nhi phi c cc ch tiu k thut ban u ph hp vi cc qui nh trong bng 4.
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TT 1 2 3

Bng 4: Cc ch tiu, tnh nng k thut ban u ca dung dch va st. Tn cc ch tiu 1. Khi lng ring 2. nht 3. Hm lng ct 4. T l keo 5. Lng mt nc 6. dy ca o st 7. Lc ct tnh 8. Tnh n nh 9. Tr s pH Yu cu T 1,05 -1,15 T 18 - 45 sec <6 % >95 % < 30 cc/30 pht T 1-3 mm/ 30 pht 1pht: 20-30 mg/cm2 10pht:50-100 mg/cm2 <0,03 g/cm2 T 7-9 Giy th pH Phng php ong cc dng c o mt nc dng c o mt nc Lc k ct tnh Phng php kim tra T trng k dung dch st hoc Bomeke Phng php phu 500/700cc

Kim tra ch to, lp dng ct thp 7.8. Vic kim tra cng tc ch to, lp dng ct thp phi thc hin ng qui nh ghi trong bng 5. Bng 5: Sai s cho php khi ch to v lp dng ct thp cc khoan nhi. Sai s cho php Sai s cho php v gia cng lp dng ct thp cc khoan nhi so vi thit k, mm: 10 - B tr ct thp trn ton chu vi cc. Tng lng ct thp Kim tra (bng thc cun thp v thc thng)
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Kim tra

Phng php kim tra

 50 - Chiu di thanh thp. 20 - Bc ct thp dc 100 - Khong cch gia cc ai cng ca lng thp. 100 - Khong cch t cc c to lp b tng bo v ct thp. 10 - V tr ca cc c. 20 - ng knh lng thp ti cc v tr t ai cng. 10 - Chiu di lng ct thp

nt nt nt Tng lng thp

nt nt nt Kim tra (bng thc cun thp v thc thng)

nt nt

nt nt

nt

nt

Kim tra cht lng b tng cc 7.9. Tt c cc ch tiu k thut ca ct liu ln th theo TCVN 1772:1987 , si xy dng - Phng php th. Cc loi vt liu khc thc hin cng tc kim tra theo iu 6.2. 7.10. Trc khi b tng vo thn cc nht thit phi ly mub tng, mi cc phi c mt t mu th ly cc phn u, gia v mi cc; mi t hp 3 mu. 7.11. S lng cc phi kim tra ty vo mc quan trng ca cng trnh cng nh ty vo s hon thin ca thit b v kinh nghim ca n v thi cng m c quan thit k hoc t chc t vn quyt nh nhng khng t hn t l % (so vi tng s cc) qui nh trong bng 6.

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Bng 6: Qui nh kim tra cht lng b tng cc. Sai s cho php 1. Phng php b tng di nc, ch tiu v st hnh chp nn t 10 16 cm: 2 cm - st. Tng m trn trc khi bm 2 % - phn tn ca mn hp b tng di nc. 2. Cc ch tiu cht lng b tng cc khoan nhi: Cng b tng cc khng vt qu Thc hin Th nghim 6 mu 20% v khng c nh hn 5% qui theo nh ca thit k. nh thit thit qui khoan t cc. ca k. k nt nt Kim tra theo cc tiu chun hin hnh. Kim tra Phng php kim tra

Nu h s

khng qui nh c th th kim tra xc xut 2 cc Loi b nhng cc c cht lng b tng khng ng u; cho Kim tra theo phng php: siu m; tn x mt cu. nt

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gama; khoan ly li; Phng khuyt php tt bin bng dng nh; quan st

camera v.v...

Ch thch: 1. Thng thng cn kt hp t hai phng php khc nhau tr ln tin hnh so snh cho mt thng s kim tra nu trn bng. Khi cc c t s chiu di/ng knh cc ln hn 30 th phng php kim tra qua ng lp t sn s l ch yu. 2. Lp b tng bo v, ng knh cc v hnh dng bn ngoi ca ct thp c th kim tra ch u cc, khi loi b lp b tng cn pha trn ct thp u cc. Kim tra sc chu ti ca cc 7.12. m bo chnh xc sc chu ti gii hn ca cc n phi cn c vo tnh cht trng yu v cp ca cng trnh, iu kin thc t a cht cng trnh, yu cu thit k v tnh hnh thi cng cng trnh m t chc th tnh hoc th ng c tin cy cho cc n v lu nhng im sau: 1) Khi khng th tin hnh nn tnh cc n n ti trng gii hn th c quan t vn thit k phi quy nh ti trng nn ti thiu ln cc theo quy nh ca tiu chun th tnh cc. 2) Vic la chn phng php th tnh cc n phi da trn cc tiu chun do c quan t vn thit k yu cu vi s chp nhn ca ch u t. 7.13. Khi ri vo mt trong nhng trng hp sau y th phi th nn tnh cc n theo phng thng ng: 1) Mng cc ca cng trnh quan trng m trc khi thi cng cc cha thc hin th tnh cc n.
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2) Trc khi thi cng cc ca cng trnh cha thc hin th tnh cc n m c mt trong cc trng hp sau y: iu kin a cht phc tp; tin cy v cht lng thi cng cc thp; Mng cc ca cng trnh t quan trng nhng c s lng hn 30 cc. 3) Cng trnh mng cc chu tc dng ca lc ko hoc lc nn ngang ln theo quy nh ca tiu chun xy dng TCXD 88: 1982 Cc - phng php th nghim hin trng phi thc hin cng tc th tnh. S lng cc cn th do c quan t vn thit k quyt nh, thng thng ly 2% tng s cc nhng khng t hn 3 cc, i vi cng trnh c tng s cc di 50 cc th phi th nghim 2 cc. 7.15. C th p dng kim tra sc chu ti thng ng cc n bng phng php th ng c tin cy. khi ri vo mt trong cc trng hp su y th phi th phi kim tra th ti cc bng phng php th ng: 1) Mng ca cng trnh quan trng m trc khi thi cng cc thc hin th nn tnh cc n. 2) Kim tra b sung cho vic th cc bng nn tnh. 3) Mng cc ca cng trnh thng thng, t quan trng v c c quan t vn thit k yu cu. S lng cc cn phi th ng do c quan t vn thit k yu cu thng thng ly 4% tng s cc nhng khng t hn 5 cc. Nhng im cn lu i vi phng php th ng nh sau: 1) Phng php bin dng ln (PDA) thng c dng trong th ng cho cc. Khi th ng phi c y cc loi thit b o c nh: o c chi; chi n hi v.v... Vic th ng theo phng php hin i phi do nhng k s c trnh v kinh nghim thc t thc hin. 2) Kt qu ca phng php th ng c xem l tin cy nu n c so snh i chng vi kt qu th nn tnh cc trong iu kin a cht cng trnh tng t v khng c sai lch nhau qu, sau dng phng php ng kim tra vi s lng ln cc thi cng.
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Nghim thu cc khoan nhi v i 7.16. Cc phi c kim tra trong tt c cc cng on lm cc, ghi vo cc mu bin bn qun l cht lng c ch u t thng nht v chp nhn lc trng thu, lp thnh h s nghim thu v c lu tr theo quy nh ca nh nc. H s nghim thu cc mng gm cc ti liu sau y: Phn chung: Tn cng trnh, tn ch u t v tn n v thi cng; Ngi ph trch cng trnh; Ngy, thng, nm thi cng, thi tit, nhit ; Tn gi hoc s hiu ca phn cng trnh, s hiu cc, ng knh v di thit k ca cc; Loi phng php thi cng, thit b thi cng, ng knh quy nh; Bn v ct a cht thi cng. Phn to l: Mc nc ngm hoc mc nc sng bin; Tc v qu trnh thi cng to l; Kch thc v v tr thc ca l cc (mc lch tm v thng ng); ng knh v su l khoan, ng knh v di ca ng chng hoc ng nh v tng mt; di thc t ca cc, thng ng ca cc. Bin bn kim tra theo bng 1 v bng 2. Phn gi thnh vch v ct thp: Loi dung dch gi thnh v bin php qun l dung dch; Thi gian thi cng cho mi giai on; B tr ct thp, phng php ni ct thp; Bin bn kim tra theo bng 4 v bng 5;
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Nhng trc trc v s c nu c v cch x l; Loi th v s ngi tham gia thi cng. Phn kim tra cht lng cc: Bo co kim tra cht lng cc theo bng 6 v sc chu ti ca cc n; Bn v hon cng mng cc khi o h mng n ct thitk; Nghim thu i cc gm cc loi ti liu sau y; Bin bn thi cng v kim tra ct thp b-tng i cc; Bin bn v ct neo gia u cc vi i cc, c li mp bin ca cc mp i, lp bo v ct thp i cc; Bn ghi dy, b i v b rng ca di cc v m t bn ngoi i cc. Chng VIII CC BIN PHP AN TON KHI THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI 8.1. Phi tin hnh t chc hng dn cng ngh cng nh hng dn bo m an ton lao ng cho mi ngi lm vic trong cng trng thi cng cc khoan nhi. Ngi cng nhn phi c y cc dng c bo h lao ng cn thit nh: m, giy, gang tay, mt n phng h v.v... lm vic, nu thiu thit b bo h lao ng khng c vo cng trng. Phi b tr ngi c trch nhim lm cng tc an ton. Tt c mi ngi phi tun theo lnh ca ngi ch huy chung. 8.2. Trc khi thi cng cc phi nm y thng tin v kh tng thu vn ti khu vc thi cng, khng c b tng khi tri ma v khi c gi trn cp 5. 8.3. Cc sn cng tc dnh cho ngi lm vic, ng i li trn h ni phi lt vn, b tr lan can v li an ton ti nhng ch cn thit, ban m phi b tr nh sng y . Cc v tr nguy him phi c bin bo hiu v c ngi canh gc. Phi dng np y l khi ngng khoan. Khi thi cng trn sng phi c trang
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b phao cu sinh, xung cu sinh, phi c y n hiu, bin bo tn hiu hng dn giao thng ng thu. 8.4. Trong qu trnh thi cng, mi ngi phi lm vic ng v tr ca mnh, tp trung t tng iu khin my mc thit b. Nhng ngi khng c phn s cm khng c i li trong cng trng. 8.5. Tt c cc my mc vn hnh phi tuyt i tun theo quy trnh thao tc v an ton hin hnh. H thng in hin trng phi b tr hp l, nghim chnh chp hnh cc quy nh an ton s dng in. Phi c cng nhn chuyn mn ph trch h thng in. 8.6. Khi gp s c nh cht lng b tng khng m bo, khi tc ng phi bo co ngay ch huy khu vc x l v ch x l theo lnh ca ngi ch huy chung. 8.7. Phi tun th mi quy trnh an ton lao ng hin hnh c lin quan.

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