Slide 1

CHNG 3: BIN I Z
X l s tn hiu


Slide 2
nh ngha
Bin i Z ca tn hiu ri rc thi gian x(n):
Biu din theo phn thc, phn o Re[z], Im[z]
z = Re[z] + j.Im[z]

+
=

=
n
n
z n x z X ) ( ) (
... ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 0 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ...
2 1 2
+ + + + + + =

z x z x x z x z x


Slide 3
Biu din theo ta cc
) sin (cos w j w r re z
jw
+ = =
) sin cos w rj w r + =
] Im[ ] Re[ z z + =
nh ngha


Slide 4
nh ngha
V d: Tmbin i Z ca x(n)
a) x(n)= (n-1)
b) x(n)= (n)
c) x(n)= u(n)
b) x(n)= -u(-n-1)


Slide 5
2. Min hi t
Min hi t (Region of convergence ROC) ca X(z):
L tp hp tt c cc gi tr ca z m X(z) hi t.
V d 1: x(n) = (0.5)
n
u(n)
Bin i Z:
{ } = e = ) (z X C z ROC

+
=

=
n
n n
z n u z X ) ( ) 5 . 0 ( ) (

+
=

=
0
1
) 5 . 0 (
n
n
z


Slide 6
Tng hi t khi
Kt lun:
ROC
z-plane
z
5 . 0 1 5 . 0
1
> <

z z
{ } 5 . 0 > e = z C z ROC
( ) 5 . 0 z ,
5 . 0 1
1
) 5 . 0 (
1
>

z
n u
Z n


Slide 7
3. Min hi t
V d 2: x(n) = -(0.5)
n
u(-n -1)
Bin i Z:
Kt qu:

+
=

=
= =
1
1
1
] ) 5 . 0 [( ) 5 . 0 ( ) (
m
m n
n
n
z z z X
{ } 5 . 0 < e = z C z ROC
5 . 0 z ,
5 . 0 1
1
) 1 ( ) 5 . 0 (
1
<

z
n u
Z n ROC
z-plane
z


Slide 8
2. Min hi t
Tng qut: a
az
n u a
Z n
>

z ,
1
1
) (
1
a
az
n u a
Z n
<

z ,
1
1
) 1 (
1
ROC
z-plane
a
cc
ROC
z-plane
a
cc


Slide 9
3. Cc tnh cht c bn
a. Tnh tuyn tnh
b. Tnh tr
c. Tnh chp
) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1
z X A z X A n x A n x A
Z
+ +
( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( z X z D n x z X n x
D Z Z

X(z)H(z) (z) ) ( h(n) (n) = - = Y n x y


Slide 10
3. Cc tnh cht c bn
d. Co trn min Z
e. o trn min thi gian
f. Vi phn trn min thi gian.
( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( a
1 n
z a X n x z X n x
Z Z

( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( z X n x z X n x
Z Z

( ) ( ) ( )
dz
z dX
z n x z X n x
Z Z
) (
n


Slide 11
3. Cc tnh cht c bn
V d: Chng minh r(n)= n.u(n) th bin i z l
2
) 1 (
) ( .

z
z
n u n


Slide 12
GiN ZERO CC
ZERO l im m ti gii hn
l nghim zero
Cc l im m ti gii hn
l nghim cc
Ch
Khi v nghim cc v nghim zero trn mt phng Z,
ta k hiu nghim zero l vng trn nh, nghim cc
l du gch cho x
0 ) ( lim
0
=

z X
z z
0
z
=

) ( lim
0
z X
z z
0
z


Slide 13
GiN ZERO CC
V d: v gin zero cc ca X(z)

25 , 0 1
10
) (
2
2 1

+ +
=
z
z z
z X
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
Real Part
I m
a
g
i n
a
r y
P
a
r t
z =
-0.0500 + 0.3122i
-0.0500 - 0.3122i
p =
0.5000
-0.5000
k = 10


Slide 14
Tnh nhn qu v n nh
Tn hiu nhn qu dng:
c bin i Z l:
Vi ROC:
... ) ( ) ( ) (
2 2 1 1
+ + = n u p A n u p A n x
n n
...
1 1
) (
1
2
2
1
1
1
+

=

z p
A
z p
A
z X
i
i
p z max >
p1 p2
p3
p4
ROC


Slide 15
Tnh nhn qu v n nh
Tn hiu phn nhn qu dng:
bin i Z l:
Vi ROC:
... ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) (
2 2 1 1
= n u p A n u p A n x
n n
...
1 1
) (
1
2
2
1
1
1
+

=

z p
A
z p
A
z X
i
i
p z min <
p1 p2
p3
p4
ROC


Slide 16
Tnh nhn qu v n nh
V d Xc nh bin i z v min hi t ca
a. x(n) = (0.8)
n
u(n) + (1.25)
n
u(n)
b. x(n) = (0.8)
n
u(n) (1.25)
n
u(-n 1 )
c. x(n) = (0.8)
n
u(-n-1) + (1.25)
n
u(n)
d. x(n) = (0.8)
n
u(- n 1) (1.25)
n
u(-n 1)


Slide 17
Tnh nhn qu v n nh
x(n) n nh ROC nmtrong vng trn n v
Cc trng hp:

p1 p2
p3
p4
ROC
vng trn n v
p1 p2
p3
p4
ROC
vng trn n v
p3
p4
ROC
vng trn n v
p1
p2


Slide 18 Bin i Z ngc
Tng qut:
a X(z) v dng
Ty theo ROC, suy ra x(n)
V d:
ROC={z,|z|<0.8}
x(n) = -0.8
n
u(-n-1)-1.25
n
u(-n-1)
ROC={z, 0.8<|z|<1.25}
x(n) = 0.8
n
u(n) 1.25
n
u(-n-1)
ROC={z, 1.25 < |z|}
x(n) = 0.8
n
u(n) + 1.25
n
u(n)
...
1 1
) (
1
2
2
1
1
1
+

=

z p
A
z p
A
z X
1 1
25 . 1 1
1
8 . 0 1
1
) (

=
z z
z X


Slide 19
6. Bin i Z ngc
A. Pp khai trin phn s tng phn:
Bc ca mu s D(z) bng M
Trng hp 1: Bc ca N(z) nh hn M:
Vi
) 1 )...( 1 )( 1 (
) (
) (
) (
) (
1 1
2
1
1


= =
z p z p z p
z N
z D
z N
z X
M
1 1
2
2
1
1
1
1
...
1 1
) (

+ +

=
z p
A
z p
A
z p
A
z X
M
M
( ) | | M ..., 2, 1, i , ) ( 1
1
= =
=

i
p z i i
z X z p A


Slide 20
6. Bin i Z ngc
V d: Khai trin
=>
Vi
( )( )
1 1
1
2 1
1
25 . 1 1 8 . 0 1
05 . 2 2
05 . 2 1
05 . 2 2
) (

=
+

=
z z
z
z z
z
z X
1
2
1
1
25 . 1 1 8 . 0 1
) (

=
z
A
z
A
z X
( ) | | 1
25 . 1 1
05 . 2 2
) ( 8 . 0 1
8 . 0
1
1
8 . 0
1
1
=
(

= =
=

z
z
z
z
z X z A
( ) | | 1
8 . 0 1
05 . 2 2
) ( 25 . 1 1
25 . 1
1
1
25 . 1
1
2
=
(

= =
=

z
z
z
z
z X z A


Slide 21
V d : tm x(n) bit
3 7 2
2
) (
2
+
+
=
z z
z
z X


Slide 22
Bin i Z ngc
Trng hp 2: Khi bc ca N(z) bng M:
Vi
1 1
2
2
1
1
1
0
1
...
1 1
) (

+ +

+ =
z p
A
z p
A
z p
A
A z X
M
M
( ) | | M ..., 2, 1, i , ) ( 1
1
= =
=

i
p z i i
z X z p A
( ) z X A
z 0
0
lim

=


Slide 23
Bin i Z ngc
Trng hp 2: Khi bc ca N(z) bng M:
V d:
2 1
2 1
3 2
1
) (


+
+ +
=
z z
z z
z H


Slide 24
6. Bin i Z ngc
Trng hp 3: Khi bc ca N(z) ln hn M:
Chia a thc D(z) cho N(z):
Khai trin bng phng php phn s tng
phn
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
z D
z R
z Q
z D
z N
z X + = =
) (
) (
z D
z R


Slide 25 6. Bin i Z ngc
B. PP Kh - phc hi:
t
Khai trin phn s tng phn ca W(z)
V d:
t:
Mt khc:
( ) ) ( ) ( ) (
) (
1
z W z N z X
z D
z W = =
{ } 5 . 0 z z ROC ,
25 . 0 1
6
) (
2
5
> =

+
=

z
z
z X
1 1 1
5 . 0 1
5 . 0
5 . 0 1
5 . 0
25 . 0 1
1
) (

+
+

=
z z z
z W
) ( ) 5 . 0 ( 5 . 0 ) ( ) 5 . 0 ( 5 . 0 ) ( n u n u n w
n n
+ =
| |
) 5 ( ) ( 6 ) (
) ( ) ( 6 ) ( 6 ) (
5 5
+ =
+ = + =

n w n w n x
z W z z W z W z z X


Slide 26
Hmtruyn ca h thng
Min n
Min Z
h(n)
x(n)
y(n) =x(n)*h(n)
H(z)
X(z)
Y(z)=X(z).H(z)
) (
) (
) (
z X
z Y
z H =


Slide 27
Lin h vi phng trnh sai phn
Phng trnh sai phn dng tng qut:
Bin i z 2 v:
) ( ) (
0 0
r n x b k n y a
M
r
r
N
k
k
=

= =
) ) ( ) (
0 0
r
M
r
r
k
N
k
k
Z b z X Z a z Y

=

=

=
k
N
k
k
r
M
r
r
Z a
Z b
z X
z Y
z H

=

= =
0
0
) (
) (
) (


Slide 28
Lin h vi phng trnh sai phn
Nu a
0
=1
) ( ) ( ) (
1 0
k n y a r n x b n y
N
k
k
M
r
r
=

= =
k
N
k
k
r
M
r
r
Z a
Z b
z X
z Y
z H

=

= =
1
0
1
) (
) (
) (


Slide 29
ng dng bin i z
Hm truyn
H(z)
Phng trnh
chp vo/ra
p ng
xung h(n)
Phng trnh
sai phn I/O
S
cc/zero
p ng tn
s H()
Thc hin s
khi
X l khi
X l mu
PP thit k
b lc
Cc tiu
chun
thit k


Slide 30
ng dng bin i z
1. Tm p ng xung
V d: Tm p ng xung ca h thng
y(n)= x(n)+ 2x(n-1)+ . y(n-1)
Ta c: Y(z)= X(z) +2z
-1
X(z) +z
-1
/2.Y(z)
(1-z
-1
/2)Y(z) = (1+2z
-1
)X(z)
x(n) y(n) = x(n)*h(n)
Y(z) = X(z).H(z) H(z) = Y(z)/X(z)
H
? h(n)
2
1
1
2 1
) (
2
1
=

+
=

z
z
z H


Slide 31
ng dng bin i z
2. Tm p ng bc ca h thng:
p ng bc: s(n)= y(n)|
x(n)=u(n)
H(z) = Y(z)/X(z) vi 2
1
1
) (

=
z
z H


Slide 32 ng dng bin i z
3. Tm p ng ra ca h thng
bit x(n) = u(n)
Xt tnh n nh v tnh nhn qu ca h thng?
+ +
1
z
1/2
x(n) y(n)