Worksheet for unit 1

Paul a few years ago Paul now.

I travel a lot. I work in a shop. I write poems. I want to be a musician. I am interested in politics. Im single. I wear glasses. I smoke.

s I travel a lot.
I work in a hospital. I write articles. I want to be a musician. Im not interested in politics. Im married. I dont wear glasses. I havent smoked for years.

Write sentences about Paul using: still / not anymore

(travel) He still travels a lot. (shop) He doesnt work in a shop anymore. 1) (poems) He _______________________ 2) (a musician) _______________________ 3) (politics) _________________________ 4) (glasses) _____________________ 5) (single) ______________________ 6) (smoke) ______________________ 6, using : no longer.

Now rewrite sentences 1, 3, 4, 5,

All that matters is that youre safe. Sorry It doesnt matter Im ready to let the whole matter drop if he apologizes. Whats the matter, Mary? Have you been crying? Theres something the matter with the washing machine. Theres nothing the matter with your haircut_ I really like it! No matter how hard he tried, he couldnt get her to change her mind. My parents always waited for me, no matter what time I got home. Ill call you tonight no matter what. I knew him when we were in college_ as a matter of fact we were on the same course. Personally I cant stand rock music, but I suppose its all a matter of opinion. Its a matter of life and death Anyone can take good photographs_ Its just a matter of being in the right place in the right time. Your stubbornness will only make matters worse.

Adjective formation: ------ful / ---------less.

His leg caused him a lot of pain. It was very painful. Taking care careful Having much or varied colour. Colourful. Charming and very pleasant delightful Causing or likely to cause harm harmful Causing or inspiring hope hopeful Brave manful Full of meaning meaningful Showing respect respectful Not faithful Not successful Without aim or purpose not paying attention. unfaithful unsuccessful aimless Careless

Married people with no children Certainly Infinite or eternal Fruitless tree / efforts No hair not able or likely to cause harm. No home No job No goals scored Serving no purpose Affording no motion Irresistible Without power or strength

childless doubtless endless fruitless hairless Harmless homeless jobless scoreless useless restless resistless powerless

Vocabulary
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Fill in the blanks from the list

Pride determination frustration indifference culture neglect admiration duty charity responsibility.
Michael watched in as his team lost yet again. They talked about their son with obvious . Her to do well made her keep on studying hard. All the money raised by the concert will go to . He always treats his wife with complete . (lack of concern or interest). Mary is complaining about her daughters of her room. Its very untidy. As Muslims its our to help the less fortunate. Our Moroccan teaches us to be hospitable. Daniel gazed at her father in . Saving the environment is the of everybody.

GRAMMAR
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Complete the sentences with: must, mustn't, dont have to, or can.
You take off your shoes when you go into a mosque. You take off your shoes when you go into a cathedral. You smoke during lessons, it's against the rules. In the U.S.A., you drive when you are sixteen. You stop your car when the stop lights are red.

Match the sentences 110 with their functions aj.

1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

They must know each other very well. She could be their mother. You will have an excellent career We can't wear boots in the house. He should listen to his parents. You have to go through customs. He can come in now. She doesn't have to do that. They are going to travel there by car. When he was young, he could run fast.

a. obligation b. arrangement c. certainty d. advice e. no obligation f. ability g. prediction h. possibility I. permission j. prohibition

must mustnt neednt

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

It's a secret. You ______ tell anybody. We have enough food at home so we ______ go shopping today. It's not urgent. You ______ do it now. You can type those letters later. You ______ do it now. Jim gave me a letter to post. I ______ remember to post it. Keep quiet. You ______ talk so loudly in here. People are trying to work. I want a new house. It ______ have a swimming pool but it must have a nice garden. You ______ wash those tomatoes. Ive already washed them. I'm not deaf. You ______ shout. Jim gave me a letter to post. I ______ forget to post it. Dont tell anybody what I said. You ______ keep it a secret.

General Rules for: apostrophe S ('s)

Most words simply get apostrophe S ('s)
the box belonging to Steve: the bedroom of the children: the word of Jesus: the book Kapital by Marx a class for girls: the families of the boys: Steve's box the children's bedroom Jesus' word Marx' Kapital a girls' class the boys' families

Classical names get NO apostrophe S ('s) Plurals ending in S get NO apostrophe S ('s)

Capitalization
a) NAMES OF PEOPLE: b) FAMILY TITLE AS PART OF THE NAME: Ms. Elaine Elizabeth Myers Mrs. Kaye Mastin Mallory Mr. Ming-Wa Nguyen Aunt Bonnie Uncle John Cousin Katey

***Example / Exception***
c) FAMILY TITLE INSTEAD OF THE NAME:

YES: I wonder where Aunt Susan is. ("Aunt" is used as part of her name.) NO: I wonder where your aunt is. ("aunt" is NOT used as part of her name.)

Mother / Father Grandfather / Uncle

***Example / Exception***
e) DAYS OF THE WEEK: f) MONTHS OF THE YEAR: g) HOLIDAYS:

YES: I wonder why Mother is late today. ("Mother" is used as her name.) NO: I wonder why your mother is late today. ("mother" is NOT used as her name.)

Monday, Saturday April, September Valentine's Day, Christmas

***Special note: the names of the seasons are NOT capitalized.

YES: My favorite season is summer. NO: My favorite season is Summer.

h) CITIES:

Fullerton / City of Orange

***Example / Exception***
i) STATES: j) BUILDINGS, PARKS, ZOOS:

YES: I visited the City of Orange on my vacation. ("City" is used as part of the name.) NO: I visited a small city on vacation. ("city" is NOT used as part of the name.)

Washington / California Marsten School / The White House San Francisco Zoo / Central Park

***Example / Exception***

YES: I visited the San Francisco Zoo on my vacation. ("Zoo" is used as part of the name.) NO: I visited the zoo on my vacation. ("zoo" is NOT used as part of the name.)

k) LANGUAGES, COUNTRIES, NATIONALITIES:

Spanish, English, Chinese South Korea, the United States German, French, Japanese

***Example / Exception***

YES: We went to South Korea on vacation. ("South" is used as part of the name.) NO: We drove south, then east on Harbor Drive. ("south" is NOT used as part of the name.)

n) GOD / RELIGIOUS BOOKS

God, the Bible, Buddha Allah, the Koran, the Torah

***Special note: even the pronouns referring to God are capitalized.

YES: And God sent His Prophet into the world to spread His word. NO: And God sent his son into the world to spread his word.

EXERCISE
1. the smith family went to san francisco last december. 2. they visited their relatives on lombard street. 3. mr. smith and his daughter sara ate lunch in golden gate park. 4. they enjoyed the park very much. 5. golden gate park is beautiful in the summer. 6. after the smiths left the park, they went to the san francisco zoo. 7. the smiths' son jack fed the animals at the zoo. 8. the san francisco zoo is open 365 days a year. 9. after the zoo, they went to the san francisco museum of modern art. 10. at the museum, they admired a display of photographs by adams. 11. afterwards, they rode a cable car down to fisherman's wharf. 12. fisherman's wharf is a famous tourist spot. 13. the smiths ate fresh crabs at fisherman's wharf, and they shopped a while. 14. from pier 39, they could see alcatraz, the federal prison, across the bay. 15. alcatraz prison is only open to tourists now. it's no longer a prison.

KEY
1. The smith family went to san Francisco last December. 2. They visited their relatives on Lombard Street. 3. Mr. smith and his daughter Sara ate lunch in Golden Gate Park. 4. They enjoyed the park very much. 5. Golden Gate Park is beautiful in the summer. 6. After the Smiths left the park, they went to the San Francisco Zoo. 7. The Smiths' son Jack fed the animals at the zoo. 8. The San Francisco Zoo is open 365 days a year. 9. After the zoo, they went to the San Francisco Museum Of Modern Art. 10. At the museum, they admired a display of photographs by Adams. 11. Afterwards, they rode a cable car down to fisherman's Wharf. 12. Fisherman's Wharf is a famous tourist spot. 13. The Smiths ate fresh crabs at Fisherman's Wharf, and they shopped a while. 14. From Pier 39, they could see Alcatraz, the federal prison, across the bay. 15. Alcatraz Prison is only open to tourists now. it's no longer a prison.

Worksheet for unit 2

Stand Bear
I cant stand smoke

She cant stand the sight of blood. I cant stand people dropping litter. How can you stand your son coming home late all the time. I cant bear that man. He really irritates me. I just cant stand that kind of selfishness. Alison couldnt bear to leave and cried all the way to the airport.

Help
I cant help thinking that weve made a big mistake. I always get angry with her. I just cant I cant help it. guitar saxophone flute

harp

banjo

violin trumpet

accordion

drum clarinet piano

The passive voice

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TENSES CHART

SIMPLE PRESENT and SIMPLE PAST The active object becomes the passive subject. am/is/are + past participle was/were + past participle

ACTIVE
Simple Present
The movie fascinates me. The movie bores Jack. The movie surprises them.

passive
Simple Present
I am fascinated by the movie. Jack is bored by the movie. They are surprised by the movie.

Simple Past
The movie bored me. The movie fascinated Jack.

Simple Past Passive:

I was bored by the movie. Jack was fascinated by the movie.

The movie surprised them. They were surprisedby the movie. PRESENT and PAST CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) Passive form: am/is/are + being + past participle was/were + being + past participle

Present Continuous
I am helping Shannon. June is helping Su and Ling.

Present Continuous
Shannon is being helped by me. Su and Ling are being helped by June.

Past Continuous

Past Continuous

I was cleaning the bathroom. They were cleaning the bedroom. Susan was cleaning the kitchen and patio.

The bathroom was being cleaned by me. The bedroom was being cleaned by them. The kitchen and patio were being cleaned by Susan. PRESENT PERFECT, PAST PERFECT and FUTURE PERFECT Passive form: have/has been + past participle had been + past participle

Present Perfect
I have mailed the gift. Jack has mailed the gifts.

Present Perfect
The gift has been mailed by me. The gifts have been mailed by Jack.

Past Perfect
Steven Spielberg had directed the movie. Penny Marshall had directed those movies.

Past Perfect
The movie had been directed by Steven Spielberg. The movies had been directed by Penny Marshall.

Future Perfect
John will have finished the project next month. They will have finished the projects before then. FUTURE TENSES Passive forms: will + be + past participle is/are going to be + past participle

Future Perfect
The project will have been finished by next month. The projects will have been finished before then.

Future with WILL

I will mail the gift. Jack will mail the gifts.

Future with WILL

The gift will be mailed by me. The gifts will be mailed by Jack.

Future with GOING TO

I am going to make the cake. Sue is going to make two cakes. PRESENT/FUTURE MODALS The passive form follows this pattern: modal + be + past participle

Future with GOING TO

The cake is going to be made by me. Two cakes are going to be made by Sue.

WILL / WON'T (WILL NOT)

Sharon will invite Tom to the party. Sharon won't invite Jeff to the party. (Sharon will not invite Jeff to the party.)

WILL / WON'T (WILL NOT)

Tom will be invited to the party by Sharon. Jeff won't be invited to the party by Sharon. (Jeff will not be invited to the party by Sharon.)

CAN / CAN'T (CAN NOT)

Mai can foretell the future. Terry can't foretell the future. (Terry can not foretell the future.)

CAN / CAN'T (CAN NOT)

The future can be foretold by Mai. The future can't be foretold by Terry. (The future can not be foretold by Terry.)

MAY / MAY NOT

Her company may give Katya a new office.

MAY / MAY NOT

Katya may be given a new office by her

The lazy students may not do the homework. MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Her company might give Katya a new office. The lazy students might not do the homework.

company. The homework may not be done by the lazy students. MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Katya might be given a new office by her company. The homework might not be done by the lazy students.

SHOULD / SHOULDN'T
Students should memorize English verbs. Children shouldn't smoke cigarettes.

SHOULD / SHOULDN'T
English verbs should be memorized by students. Cigarettes shouldn't be smoked by children.

OUGHT TO
Students ought to learn English verbs. (negative ought to is rarely used)

OUGHT TO
English verbs ought to be memorized by students.

HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT

Students had better practice English every day. People had better not drink whiskey.

HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT

English had better be practiced every day by students. Whiskey had better not be drunk by people.

MUST / MUST NOT

Tourists must apply for a passport to travel abroad. Customers must not use that door.

MUST / MUST NOT

A passport to travel abroad must be applied for. That door must not be used by customers.

HAS TO / HAVE TO
She has to practice English every day. Sara and Miho have to wash the dishes every day.

HAS TO / HAVE TO
English has to be practiced every day. The dishes have to be washed by them every day.

DOESN'T HAVE TO/ DON'T HAVE TO

Maria doesn't have to clean her bedroom every day. The children don't have to clean their bedrooms every day.

DOESN'T HAVE TO/ DON'T HAVE TO

Her bedroom doesn't have to be cleaned every day. Their bedrooms don't have to be cleaned every day.

BE SUPPOSED TO BE SUPPOSED TO
I am supposed to type the composition. I am not supposed to copy the stories in the book. Janet is supposed to clean the living room. She isn't supposed to eat candy and gum. They are supposed to make dinner for the family. They aren't supposed to make dessert. The composition is supposed to be typed by me. The stories in the book are not supposed to be copied. The living room is supposed to be cleaned by Janet. Candy and gum aren't supposed to be eaten by her. Dinner for the family is supposed to be made by them. Dessert isn't supposed to be made by them.

PAST MODALS The past passive form follows this pattern: modal + have been + past participle

Active:
SHOULD HAVE / SHOULDN'T HAVE
The students should have learned the verbs. The children shouldn't have broken the window.

Passive:
SHOULD HAVE / SHOULDN'T HAVE
The verbs should have been learned by the students. The window shouldn't have been broken by the children.

OUGHT TO
Students ought to have learned the verbs. (negative ought to is rarely used)

OUGHT TO
The verbs ought to have been learned by the students.

BE SUPPOSED TO (past time)

I was supposed to type the composition. I wasn't supposed to copy the story in the book. Janet was supposed to clean the living room. She wasn't supposed to eat candy and gum. Frank and Jane were supposed to make dinner. They weren't supposed to make dessert.

BE SUPPOSED TO (past time)

The composition was supposed to be typed by me. The story in the book wasn't supposed to be copied. The living room was supposed to be cleaned by Janet. Candy and gum weren't supposed to be eaten by her. Dinner was supposed to be made by them. Dessert wasn't supposed to be made by them.

MAY / MAY NOT MAY / MAY NOT

That firm may have offered Katya a new job. The students may not have written the paper. Katya may have been offered a new job by that firm. The paper may not have been written by the students.

MIGHT / MIGHT NOT

MIGHT / MIGHT NOT

That firm might have offered Katya a new job. The students might not have written the paper.

Katya might have been offered a new job by that firm. The paper might not have been written by the students.

Practice: Turn into the passive voice:

1. People dont use this road very often. 2. Somebody cleaned my room yesterday. 3. Somebody built this house in 1932. 4. Laura write this text. 5. Theyre building a new school. 6. Mike made very few mistakes. 7. Someone saw Robert in London last week. 8. His father punished him. 9. This company employs 3000 people. 10. Chrostoph Columbus discovered America.

Put the verbs between brackets in the correct form.

1. 2. 3. 4. Many accidents (cause) ____________ by dangerous driving. Cheese (make) ____________ from milk. You (invite) ____________ to the wedding. Why didnt you go? The roof of the building (damage) ____________ in a storm a few days ago.

5. Originally the book (write) ____________ in Spanish and a few years ago it (translate) ____________ into English. 6. In the USA presidency election (hold) ____________ every four years. 7. Most of the earths surface (cover) ____________ by water. 8. The zoo gates (close) ____________ at 06.30 every evening. 9. While I was on holiday, my camera (steal) ____________ from my hotel room. 10. The letter (post) ____________ a week ago and it only arrived yesterday.

A. Choose the best answer:

1. ONeil bought a car. A car had been bought by ONeil. A car was bought by ONeil. A car is bought by ONeil. 2. Fred asked Simon. Simon was asked by Fred. Simon had been asked by Fred Simon is asked by Fred. 3. Caroline paid for the meal. The meal is paid for by Caroline. The meal has been paid for by Caroline. The meal was paid for by Caroline 4. Harry will meet you at the airport. You will have been met by Harry at the airport. You will be met by Harry at the airport. You would be met by Harry at the airport. 5. Tom respects Linda's opinion. Linda's opinion would be respected by Tom. Linda's opinion was respected by Tom. Linda's opinion is respected by Tom. 6. Jane upset me by what she said. I would be upset by what Jane said. I was upset by what Jane said. I would have been upset by what Jane said. 7. I'm going to inform John later today. John would be informed by me later today. John was informed by me later today. John is going to be informed by me later today. 8. The police arrested 12 people. 12 people were arrested by the police. 12 people have been arrested by the police. 12 people should be arrested by the police. 9. Sheila might come to see you tomorrow. You might be visited by Sheila tomorrow. You will might be visited by Sheila tomorrow. You would be visited by Sheila tomorrow. 10. Frank Sinatra sang My Way.. My Way was sung by Frank Sinatra. My Way had been sung by Frank Sinatra. My Way would be sung by Frank Sinatra.

Worksheet for unit 3

Present/Future Real (True) Conditionals
IF-CLAUSE
simple present verb If it rains, If it gets cold enough, If I don't do my homework, If Marie doesn't eat dinner, If I exercise, If someone calls, simple present verb If it rains, If the phone rings,

RESULT CLAUSE
simple present verb

Explanation:

if-clause uses simple present result clause uses simple present my car window leaks. <-expresses an established or water becomes ice. predictable fact, or it expresses a I learn nothing. general truth she gets hungry at midnight. <-expresses a habitual situation or a habitual activity. I look great! take a message please. <-gives a command modal + simple present if-clause uses simple present verb result clause uses modal + verb my window might leak. <-expresses a fact I will answer it. <-expresses a future situation

If the weather is sunny,

we can go to the beach on Sunday.

<-expresses a future activity

Present/Future Real (True) Conditionals

Type the correct verb form for each IF-CLAUSE. When you are done, click on the Check Answers button to check your answers. 1. (to be) If the weather ________nice, we usually go swimming. 2. (to be) My family will go to the zoo if the weather ___________nice tomorrow. 3. (to buy) If I____ a lottery ticket, I might win the lottery. 4. (to have) My brother usually drives to school if he _____gas in his car. 5. (to snow) If it____ tomorrow, we can go skiing. 6. (to be) My sister will build a snowman if there_____ enough snow tomorrow. 7. (to have) My mom will bake a cake if she______ enough flour and sugar. 8. (to be) If there____ milk in the refrigerator, I'll have milk with my cake. 9. (to eat) If my sister______ all of the cake, I will get angry. 10. (to tell) My mother always punishes my sister if she_____ a lie. NEGATIVES: (USE CONTRACTIONS) 11. (not be) If the weather_____ nice tomorrow, we can stay home. 12. (not get) My brother can't drive to school if he____ his car fixed. 13. (not be) If there any milk in the refrigerator, I'll go to the supermarket. 14. (not snow) If it____ tomorrow, we can't go skiing. 15. (not rain) My dad will wash his car if it____ on Saturday. 16. (not go) If we ___to school, my mom will get angry. 17. (not do) We can't learn anything if we ___our homework. 18. (not go) I will call you if she________ to the movies, and we can go out together. 19. (not be) We should go jogging if it_______ raining outside.

a few / few

Worksheet for unit 4

and

a little / little

example:
countable a few I saw a few friends at the mall. few He has few friends because he's so mean a little I have a little homework. little There is little pollution in that country.

meaning
two or three (positive) I saw two or three friends at the mall. almost none (negative) He has almost no friends because he's so mean. a small amount (positive) I have a small amount of homework. almost none (negative) There is almost no pollution in that country.

uncountabl e

1. Max: Do you have [ a few / few ] pieces of paper I can borrow? Lee: Sure. Here's [ a little / little ] paper for you. 2. Pat: I only have [ a little / little ] money for lunch. Let's go somewhere inexpensive. Jim: I can lend you [ a few / few ] dollars if you want. 3. Irene is really unfriendly. She has [ a few / few ] friends. She also has very [ a little / little ] patience with other people.

4. Pablo has many acquaintances, but he only has [ a few / few ] very close friends. He thinks that it's better to have [ a few / few ] close friends, than dozens of acquaintances. 5. Sara likes [ a little / little ] honey in her tea. Jan likes [ a few / few ] spoonfuls of sugar in hers. 6. Fran enjoys listening to [ a few / few / a little / little ] music when she gets home from school. She is thinking about buying [ a few / few / a little / little ] new CD's next week. 7. We got to the airport early because there was very [ a few / few / a little / little ] traffic at 3 am. Since we got there early, we had [ a few / few / a little / little ] time to catch a nap in the terminal. 8. Ben's pants are getting __________ too short for him. He's getting taller by the minute! 9. I suppose we'll have to buy him __________ new pairs of pants this weekend. 10. Wait! I'm not finished yet. I need __________ more minutes. Can you give me __________ more time? 11. Dana: If you're hungry, I'd be happy to cook you __________ eggs. 12. Tim: No thanks. I ate __________ fruit about 20 minutes ago. 13. I stayed up too late last night; I got very __________ sleep. I wish I could sleep __________ longer. 14. Very __________ people are millionaires. 15. I don't necessarily want to be a millionaire, but I'd like to have __________ more money in the bank. 16. Into every life, __________ rain must fall. 17. May your joys be many and your troubles be __________. 18. Can I borrow your dictionary to look up __________ words? 19. I always use a dictionary, so I make very __________ mistakes in spelling. 20. Tamara speaks very __________ Russian, but she knows __________ words.

Relative pronouns:

Worksheet for unit 5

WRITING QUESTIONS - Subject vs. Object Questions

SUBJECT QUESTIONS: A subject question asks about the subject of the sentence. Do NOT change the word order of the question. Example: Who is fixing the computer? --> Gina is fixing the computer. What happened last week. --> An accident happened last week. OBJECT QUESTIONS: An object question asks about the object of the sentence. You MUST change the word order of the question. Example: formal --> Whom did Gina meet? Gina met Mary. informal--> Who does Gary like? Gary likes Susan. What did Frank see? Frank saw an accident PRACTICE

Directions: Write a question about the underlined section of each answer below. Use WHO for people and WHAT for things.
1. _________________________________ The doctor is working with the nurse. 2. _________________________________ The doctor told the nurse to draw blood. 3. _________________________________ Samantha bought a computer yesterday. 4. _________________________________ Samantha bought a computer yesterday. 5. _________________________________ The woman wrote a long letter. 6. _________________________________ The woman wrote a long letter. 7. _________________________________ The teacher gave the student some advice. 8. _________________________________ The teacher gave the student a recommendation. 9. _____________________________ The robber demanded all the money in the cash register. 10. ____________________________ The robber demanded all the money in the cash register. REWRITE AS SUGGESTED USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS. 1. A woman lives next door. Shes a doctor. The woman .. 2. Have you found the keys? You lost the keys? 3. We saw some people. Their car had broken down. We saw some people 4. I wanted to see a woman. She was away. The woman .. . 5. Youve just said something. I dont agree with it. I dont agree . 6. I met a man. He knows you. I met a man .. 7. I met a friend. His wife is a friend of yours. I met a friend.. 8. Do you still remember the day. We first met on this day. Do you .. 9. Whats the title of the book? You are reading the book. Whats the .. 10. He fell in love with a woman. The woman left him. The woman