Ismt12 C08 A

CHAPTER 8 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION
8.1 INTEGRATION BY PARTS
'
x sin
x
#
dx c2x cos
x
#
x
#
dx, v c2 cos
c ' c2 cos
"
1
2. u ), du d); dv cos 1) d), v
'
) cos 1) d)
3.
sin 1) c '
)
1
"
1
x
#
x
#
dx c2x cos x b 4 sin x b C

#
#
sin 1);
sin 1) d)
)
1
sin 1) b
"
1
1. u x, du dx; dv sin
cos 1) b C
cos t
b
t#
c
2t
b
2
sin t
ccos t
csin t
'
x# sin x dx cx# cos x b 2x sin x b 2 cos x b C
sin x
ccos x
csin x
ln x dx
"
x dx
# x
dv x$ dx, v
dx
x ;
x
4
'1 x
ln x c '
e
;
#
2 ln 2 c x 2 ln 2 c
4
"
x
4
x dx
1 4 x
%
6. u ln x, du
e
ln x c '1
#
3
4
ln 4 c
3
4
e
4
'1 x ln x dx x#
2
x
#
x
c 16
%
dv x dx, v
dx
x ;
5. u ln x, du
3e b 1
16
%
cos x
b
x#
c
2x
b
2
4.
t# cos t dt t# sin t b 2t cos t c 2 sin t b C
'
7. u x, du dx ; dv ex dx, v ex ;
' x ex dx x ex c ' ex dx x ex c ex b C
8. u x, du dx ; dv e3x dx, v 1 e3x ;

3
' x e3x dx x e3x c 1 ' e3x dx x e3x c 1 e3x b C

3
3
3
9
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
462
Chapter 8 Techniques of Integration

ecx
9.
b
x#
c
2x
b
2
cecx
ecx
cecx
'
x# ecx dx cx# ecx c 2x ecx c 2 ecx b C
e2x
10.
b
x# c 2x b 1 1 e2x
2
c
2x c 2
1 e2x
4
b 1 2x
2
8 e
' ax# c 2x b 1be2x dx 1 ax# c 2x b 1be2x c 1 a2x c 2be2x b 1 e2x b C

2
4
4
1 x# c 3 x b 5 e2x b C
2
2
4
dy
1 by
11. u tanc" y, du
; dv dy, v y;
"
' tanc" y dy y tanc" y c ' a1ybdy b y tanc" y c # ln a1 b y# b b C y tanc" y c ln 1 b y# b C
y
#
; dv dy, v y;
' sinc" y dy y sinc" y c ' y1 dyy

c
dy
1 c y
12. u sinc" y, du
y sinc" y b 1 c y# b C
13. u x, du dx; dv sec# x dx, v tan x;
' x sec# x dx x tan x c ' tan x dx x tan x b ln kcos xk b C
14.
' 4x sec# 2x dx; [y 2x]
' y sec# y dy y tan y c ' tan y dy y tan y c ln ksec yk b C
2x tan 2x c ln ksec 2xk b C

ex
15.
b
x$
c
3x#
b
6x
c
6
0
ex
ex
ex
ex
'
x$ ex dx x$ ex c 3x# ex b 6xex c 6ex b C ax$ c 3x# b 6x c 6b ex b C
Section 8.1 Integration by Parts

e
ce
ce
dp cp% e p c 4p$ e p c 12p# e p c 24pe p c 24e p b C

c
p% e
'
ce
c
4p$
b
12p#
c
24p
b
24
p%
16.
acp% c 4p$ c 12p# c 24p c 24b e p b C

c
ex
17.
b
x# c 5x ex
c
2x c 5 ex
b
2
ex
' ax# c 5xb ex dx ax# c 5xb ex c (2x c 5)ex b 2ex b C x# ex c 7xex b 7ex b C
ax# c 7x b 7b ex b C
er
18.
b
r# b r b 1 er
c
2r b 1
er
b
2
er
0
' ar# b r b 1b er dr ar# b r b 1b er c (2r b 1) er b 2er b C

car# b r b 1b c (2r b 1) b 2d er b C ar# c r b 2b er b C
ex
19.
x&
5x%
20x$
60x#
120x
120
0
b
ex
c
ex
b
ex
c
ex
b
ex
c
ex
' x& ex dx x& ex c 5x% ex b 20x$ ex c 60x# ex b 120xex c 120ex b C

ax& c 5x% b 20x$ c 60x# b 120x c 120b ex b C
463
464

e4t
b
t#
c
2t
b
2
"
4
e4t
"
16
e4t
"
64
e4t
2t
2
' t# e4t dt t4 e4t c 16 e4t b 64 e4t b C t4 e4t c 8t e4t b 3"# e4t b C
#
t4 c
t
8
20.
"
4t
3# e
bC
21. I ' e sin ) d); cu sin ), du cos ) d); dv e d), v e d I e sin ) c ' e cos ) d);
)
cu cos ), du c sin ) d); dv e d), v e d I e sin ) c e cos ) b ' e sin ) d)

)
"
#
e sin ) c e cos ) c I b Cw 2I ae sin ) c e cos )b b Cw I
ae sin ) c e cos )b b C, where C
C
#
is
2I c " e y (sin y b cos y) b Cw I c " e y (sin y b cos y) b C c e 4 (sin 2x b cos 2x) b C, where C
#
4
C
#
another arbitrary constant
cos y c ce
ae
sin y c e
"
#
sin y dy; cu sin y, du cos y dy;
sin y c ' acey b cos y dy ce

y
2I e y (sin y c cos y) b Cw I
cos y b e
cos yb b C, where C
23. I ' e2x cos 3x dx; <u cos 3x; du c3 sin 3x dx, dv e2x dx; v
"
#
C
#
dy, v ce y d I ce
cos y c ' e
dv e
cos y c ' ace y b (csin y) dy ce
I ce
dy, v ce y d
cos y dy; cu cos y, du c sin y dy; dv e
22. I ' e
is another arbitrary constant
e2x
' e2x sin 3x dx; <u sin 3x, du 3 cos 3x, dv e2x dx; v " e2x
#
" 2x
3 " 2x
3 ' 2x
" 2x
3 2x
I # e cos 3x b # # e sin 3x c # e cos 3x dx # e cos 3x b 4 e sin 3x c 9 I b Cw
4
13
4
e2x cos 3x b 3 e2x sin 3x b Cw

4
2
3
2x
' ex 2 x dx 2 ' xex dx; cu x, du dx; dv ex dx, v ex d ;

3
3
xex c ' ex dx
2
3
axex c ex b b C
2
3
3s b 9 e
' xex dx
3s b 9 x#
ds 2 x dx
3
3s 9
ds;
ce
2
3
3s 9
dy, v ce y d
cos y c ' ace y b (c sin y) dy c " e y (sin y b cos y) c I b Cw

#
'e
Cw
dy, v ce y d
25.
3s 9
sin y b " ce
#
cos y dy cu cos y, du c sin y; dv e
Ic"e
#
sin y b ' e
4
13
bC
26. u x, du dx; dv 1 c x dx, v c 2 (1 c x)$ ;

3
4
'01 x1 c x dx <c 2 (1 c x)$ x " b 2 '01 (1 c x)$ dx 2 <c 2 (1 c x)&# " 15
3
3
3
5
!
!
c ln 2 c
1
3
dx
cos x
c ' dx
3 c 1 b ln kcos xk b
3
1
18
#
13
3
1
18
c '0 (tan x c x) dx
dx '
x
#
"
#
3 c 1 b ln
3
1
3
1$
x tan# x dx cx(tan x c x)d !
" c cos x
cos x
#
dx '
tan x c x;'0
sin x
cos x
27. u x, du dx; dv tan# x dx, v ' tan# x dx '
1$
!
sin y dy I; cu sin y, du cos y dy; dv e
ce
"
#
(3 sin 3x b 2 cos 3x) b C, where C
'e
"
#
sin 2x dx; [y 2x]
e2x
13
"
#
3
#
2x
e2x cos 3x b
'e
"
#
24.
sin y c I b Cw
x ln ax b x# b c '
; dv dx, v x; ' ln ax b x# b dx x ln ax b x# b c '
(2x b 1) dx
x bx
#
28. u ln ax b x# b, du
x ln ax b x# b c '
(2x b 1) dx
x b1
u ln x
' sin (ln x) dx; du " dx

x
"
#
dx eu du
ccx cos (ln x) b x sin (ln x)d b C
u ln z
' z(ln z)# dz; du " dz

z
b
u#
c
2u
b
2
"
2
e2u
'
u# e2u du
31.
From Exercise 21, ' (sin u) eu du eu sin u c cos u b C

#
e2u
"
8
dx x ln ax b x# b c 2x b ln kx b 1k b C
e2u
"
4
x dx
' eu u# eu du ' e2u u# du;
dz eu du
e2u
z
4
30.
' (sin u) eu du.
u
#
#
29.
2(x b 1) c "
x b1
2x b "
x(x b 1)
465
u
e2u c # e2u b " e2u b C
4
e2u
4
c2u# c 2u b 1d b C
c2(ln z) c 2 ln z b 1d b C
' x sec x# dx Let u x# , du 2x dx 1 du x dx ' x sec x# dx

2
1
2
' sec u du 1 lnlsec u b tan ul b C

2
1 lnlsec x# b tan x# l b C
2
32.
1
1
' cos x dx Let u x, du 2x dx 2du x dx ' cos x dx
x
x
33.
"
' xaln xb# dx; du x dx
u ln x
dx eu du
e2u
e2u
e2u
e2u
u# e2u du
dx Let u ln x, du
35. u ln x, du
' ln x dx
x
2
36.
' alnxxb
1
x
dx; dv
c ln x b '
x
"
x
' xaln" xb
34.
x
4
1
x2
1
x
u
#
#
u
e2u c # e2u b " e2u b C
4
c2(ln x) c 2 ln x b 1d b C
dx '
"
xaln xb
'
dx '
1
u2
x
2
"
8
e2u
4
c2u# c 2u b 1d b C
aln xb# c
x
2
"
4
ln x b
x
4
"
2
' eu u# eu du ' e2u u# du;
b
u#
c
2u
b
2
2' cos u du 2 sin u b C 2 sinx b C
bC
1
du c 1 b C c ln x b C
u
1
dx, v c x ;
dx c ln x c
x
dx Let u ln x, du
1
x
1
x
bC
dx '
aln xb3
x
1
1
dx ' u3 du 4 u4 b C 4 aln xb4 b C
466
37.
' x3 ex
dx Let u x4 , du 4x3 dx 1 du x3 dx ' x3 ex dx

4
4
1
4
' eu du
1 eu b C 1 ex b C
4
4
38. u x3 , du 3x2 dx; dv x2 ex dx, v 1 ex ;

3
' x5 ex
dx ' x3 ex x2 dx 1 x3 ex c
3
3
1
3
' ex
39. u x2 , du 2x dx; dv x2 b 1 x dx, v 1 ax2 b 1b

3
' x3 x2 b 1 dx
40.
1 2 2
3 x ax
b 1b
32
1
3
3x2 dx 1 x3 ex c 1 ex b C
3
3
' ax2 b 1b
32
32
;
32
1
3
2x dx 1 x2 ax2 b 1b
3
' x2 sin x3 dx Let u x3 , du 3x2 dx 1 du x2 dx ' x2 sin x3 dx

3
2
2
15 ax
b 1b
' sin u du
52
bC
c 1 cos u b C
3
c 1 cos x3 b C
3
41. u sin 3x, du 3cos 3x dx; dv cos 2x dx, v 1 sin 2x ;
2
' sin 3x cos 2x dx 1 sin 3x sin 2x c 3 ' cos 3x sin 2x dx

2
2
u cos 3x, du c3sin 3x dx; dv sin 2x dx, v c 1 cos 2x ;

2
' sin3x cos 2x dx 1 sin 3x sin 2x c 3 c 1 cos 3x cos 2x c 3 ' sin3x cos 2x dx
2
2
2
2
1 sin 3x sin 2x b 3 cos 3x cos 2x b
2
4
9
4
' sin 3x cos 2x dx c 5 ' sin 3x cos 2x dx 1 sin 3x sin 2x b 3 cos 3x cos 2x
4
2
4
' sin 3x cos 2x dx c 2 sin 3x sin 2x c 3 cos 3x cos 2x b C

5
5
42. u sin 2x, du 2cos 2x dx; dv cos 4x dx, v 1 sin 4x ;
4
' sin 2x cos 4x dx 1 sin 2x sin 4x c 1 ' cos 2x sin 4x dx

4
2
u cos 2x, du c2sin 2x dx; dv sin 4x dx, v c 1 cos 4x ;

4
' sin 2x cos 4x dx 1 sin 2x sin 4x c 1 c 1 cos 2x cos 4x c 1 ' sin 2x cos 4x dx
4
2
4
2
1 sin 2x sin 4x b 1 cos 2x cos 4x b
4
8
1
4
' sin 2x cos 4x dx 3 ' sin 2x cos 4x dx 1 sin 2x sin 4x b 1 cos 2x cos 4x
4
4
8
' sin 2x cos 4x dx 1 sin 2x sin 4x b 1 cos 2x cos 4x b C

3
6
' ex sin ex dx Let u ex , du ex dx ' ex sin ex dx
44.
'
45.
"
' cosx dx; dy 2x dx
e x
x
dx Let u x, du
y x
1
2 x
dx 2du
1
x
' sin u du ccos u b C ccos ex b C
dx '
43.
e x
x
dx 2' eu du 2eu b C 2ex b C
' cos y 2y dy ' 2y cos y dy;
dx 2y dy
u 2y, du 2 dy; dv cos y dy, v sin y ;
' 2y cos y dy 2y sin y c ' 2 sin y dy 2y sin y b 2 cos y b C 2x sin x b 2 cos x b C
46.
y x
"
' x ex dx; dy 2x dx
'
467
y ey 2y dy ' 2y2 ey dy;
dx 2y dy
ey
b
2y# ey
c
4y ey
b
4
ey
' 2y2 ey dy 2y# ey c 4y ey b 4 ey b C 2x ex c 4x ex b 4ex b C
0
sin 2)
b
)# c " cos 2)
2
c
2) c " sin 2)
4
b
"
2 8 cos 2)
)# sin 2) d) c )# cos 2) b
(c1) b
1
4
0b
"
4
sin 2) b
"
4
cos 2)
(c1) c <0 b 0 b
"
4
1#
!
1
8
"
#
1 c4
8
cos 2x
b
x$ " sin 2x
2
c
3x# c " cos 2x
4
b
6x c " sin 2x
8
c
"
6 16 cos 2x
1
(c1) c <0 b 0 c 0 c
3
8
1#
!
1
1 c 316 b
2
51
9
1
3
2
3
1 c '2
6
c " 3 c
#
3
3
t dt
2 t c 1
51
9
" 1 b '0
#
6
3
3
51 c 3 3
9
b 3 c 1
4
x#
2x dx
1 c x
1
1#
d 1 c x
2 1 c x
%
c '0
"#
!
cos 2x
b 1 c x%
3
8
; dv 2x dx, v x# ;
"#
1
1#
dt
tt c 1
c " 3 c 4 c 1
#
3
2x sinc" ax# b dx cx# sinc" ax# bd !
sin 2x c
51
9
2x dx
1 cx
t#
#
#$
c '2
#$
3
8
3x
4
;
#
t
#
0c
cos 2x c
c " t # c 1
#
50. u sinc" ax# b , du
'01
; dv t dt, v
t secc" t dt t# secc" t
(c1) c
31
8
3x
4
51
9
0b
31
16
'22
dt
tt c1
1
16
49. u secc" t, du
x$ cos 2x dx x sin 2x b
#
1b63c12
1#
51. (a) u x, du dx; dv sin x dx, v c cos x;
1
S" '0 x sin x dx [cx cos x]! b '0 cos x dx 1 b [sin x]1 1
!
1
3
4
3 a4 c 1 b
16
#
'0
48.
1
8
)
#
'0
47.
468
#
(b) S# c' x sin x dx c[cx cos x]#1 b ' cos x dx c cc31 b [sin x]11 d 31
1
2
(c) S$ '2 x sin x dx [cx cos x]$1 b '2 cos x dx 51 b [sin x]$1 51
#1
#1
3
n 1
b
1
cc(n b 1)1(c1) b n1(c1)
n 1
b [sin x]nn
x sin x dx (c1)n 1 c[cx cos x]nn
'n n
d b 0 (2n b 1)1
(c1)
(d) S8b" (c1)n
52. (a) u x, du dx; dv cos x dx, v sin x;
1
sin x dx c c 7# c
n
x cos x dx (c1)n [x sin x] 2n
(2nc1)1
#
1
1
n
(c1)n 1 c [cos x] 2n
1 c
(c1)n (2nb1)1 (c1)n c

#
ln 2
2
2
c n ' 2n
2n 1
1
1
2
2
1 c
1 b #
c '5
1 c
1 b #
1 b
1
1
1
sin x dx < 5# c c 3# c [cos x]
7
2
2
sin x dx c c 31 c 1 c [cos x]3

#
#
21
"
#
51
#
2
2
41
c [cos x]
2
2
sin x dx
(2n1 b 1 b 2n1 c 1) 2n1
21(ln 2 c x) ex dx 21 ln 2 '0 ex dx c 21'0 xex dx

ln 2
ln 2
(21 ln 2) cex d ln 2 c 21 cxex d ln 2 c '0 ex dx9

0
0
ln 2
21 ln 2 c 21 2 ln 2 c cex d ln 2 c21 ln 2 b 21 21(1 c ln 2)

0
dx 21 ccxe x d " b '0 e

!
1
54. (a) V '0 21xe
21 c " b cce x d " 21 c " c

!
e
e
"
e
dx9
b 1
41
e
; V 21 c(1 c x) ace x bd " c '0 e

!
1
21 [0 c 1(c1)] b ce x d " 21 1 b
!
c
55. (a) V '0 21x cos x dx 21 [x sin x] !

2
"
e
1#
dx,
dx
c 1
21
e
c '0 sin x dx9

2
dx; u 1 c x, du c dx; dv e
c
v ce
(b) V '0 21(1 c x)e
21 c
1#
21 1 b [cos x] ! 21 1 b 0 c 1 1(1 c 2)
#
#
(b) V '0 21 1 c x cos x dx; u

#
1
1#
V 21 < 1 c x sin x !
#
1
#
c x, du c dx; dv cos x dx, v sin x;
b 21'0 sin x dx 0 b 21[c cos x] !

2
61
1 c
2n 1
1&
1(
x cos x dx c [x sin x]
(d) Sn (c1)n ' 2n
53. V '0
c '3
1$
1&
(c) S$ c '5
2
2
x cos x dx [x sin x]
1 b
1
1
c'
1&
1(
x cos x dx c [x sin x]3
1$
1&
(b) S# '3
1
1
S" c '
1#
21(0 b 1) 21
469
56. (a) V '0 21x(x sin x) dx;

1
sin x
b
x# ccos x
c
2x csin x
b
2 cos x
V 21'0 x# sin x dx 21 ccx# cos x b 2x sin x b 2 cos xd ! 21 a1# c 4b

1
(b) V '0 21(1 c x)x sin x dx 21# '0 x sin x dx c 21 '0 x# sin x dx 21# [cx cos x b sin x]1 c a21$ c 81b
!
1
81
57. (a) A '1 ln x dx x ln x c '1 dx
e
1
e
ae ln e c 1 ln 1b c x e c ae c 1b 1
1
(b) V '1 1aln xb dx 1x aln xb2 c '1 2 ln x dx

e
1ealn eb c 1aln 1b c 2x ln x c '1 2 dx

2
1e c a2e ln e c 2a1b ln 1b c 2x
1
1e c a2e c a2e c 2bb 1ae c 2b

e
(c) V '1 21ax b 2b ln x dx 21'1 ax b 2b ln x dx 21 1 x2 b 2xln x c '1 1 x b 2 dx9

2
2
e
21 1 e2 b 2eln e c 1 b 2ln 1 c 1 x2 b 2x 9 21 1 e2 b 2e c 1 e2 b 2e c 9 1 ae2 b 9b

2
2
4
2
4
4
2
1
(d) M '1 ln x dx 1 (from part (a)); x

e
1
1
'1 x ln x dx 1 x2 ln x
2
1 e2 c 1 e2 c 1 a1b2 1 ae2 b 1b; y

2
4
4
4
1
1
1
2 ae
c 2e b 2e c 2b
c 2b ax yb
1
58. (a) A '0 tanc1 x dx x tanc1 x c '0

1
c 1 aln 1b c 2x ln x c '1 2 dx99

2
1
2 ae
c '1 1 x dx 1 e2 ln e c 1 a1b2 ln 1 c 1 x2
2
2
2
4
'1 1 aln xb2 dx 1 x aln xb2

2
2
2
1
2 e aln eb
2
b
e 4 1 ec2
2
1
2 e
e
1
c '1 2 ln x dx9
e
c a2e ln e c 2a1b ln "b c 2x

1
is the centroid.
x
1 b x2 dx
atanc1 1 c 0b c 1 lna1 b x2 b
2
1
4
1
c 2 aln 2 c ln 1b
(b) V '0 21 x tanc1 x dx
1
4
1
c 2 ln 2
21: x tanc1 x c
2
"
#
x
'01 1 b x dx;
21 1 tanc1 1 c 0 c
2
"
#
1
'01 1 c 1 b x dx9 21: 1
8
21 1
8
"
# 1
1
4
"
"
c # x c tanc1 x ; 21 1 c # a1 c tanc1 1 c a0 c 0bb
8
0
1a1 c 2b
2
e
1
<e t sin t c cos t #1

#
!
sin t dt c
2
1
'02
e t cos t dt
<e t c sin t#c cos t c e t sin t c cos t #1

#
!
c
cce t sin td #1 0
!
c
2
1
2
1
4e t (sin t c cos t) dt
1
'02 e
2
1
'02
a1 c e
"
#1
60. av(y)
"
#1
(see Exercise 22) av(y)
"
1
2e t cos t dt
'02
"
#1
59. av(y)
470
61. I ' xn cos x dx; cu xn , du nxnc" dx; dv cos x dx, v sin xd

I xn sin x c ' nxnc" sin x dx
62. I ' xn sin x dx; cu xn , du nxnc" dx; dv sin x dx, v ccos xd
I cxn cos x b ' nxnc" cos x dx
63. I ' xn eax dx; <u xn , du nxnc" dx; dv eax dx, v " eax
a
xn eax ax
a e
n
a
' xnc" eax dx, a !
64. I ' aln xbn dx; u aln xbn , du
naln xbn
x
"c
dx; dv " dx, v x
I xaln xbn c ' naln xbnc" dx

65.
'ab ax c ab faxb dx; u x c a, du dx; dv faxb dx, v 'bx fatb dt c'xb fatb dt
b
ax c ab'b fatb dt c 'a 'b fatb dt dx ab c ab'b fatb dt c aa c ab'b fatb dt9 c 'a c'x fatb dt9 dx
x
0 b 'a 'x fatb dt9 dx 'a 'x fatb dt9 dx

b
66.
' 1 c x2 dx; u 1 c x2 , du cx
x 1 c x2 c '
1 c x2
cx 2
1 c x2
dx x 1 c x2 c '
x 1 c x2 c ' 1 c x2 dx b '
' 1 c x2 dx x 1 c x2 b '
' 1 c x2 dx
x
2
dx; dv dx, v x
1 c x2 b
1
2
"
1 c x2
"
1 c x2
'"
" c x2 c "
1 c x2
dx x 1 c x2 c '
" c x2
1 c x2
dx c '
"
1 c x2
dx
dx
dx c ' 1 c x2 dx 2' 1 c x2 dx x 1 c x2 b '
1 c x2
dx b C
67.
' sinc" x dx x sinc" x c ' sin y dy x sinc" x b cos y b C x sinc" x b cos asinc" xb b C
68.
' tanc" x dx x tanc" x c ' tan y dy x tanc" x b ln kcos yk b C x tanc" x b ln kcos atanc" xbk b C
"
1 c x2
dx
Section 8.2 Trigonometric Integrals

69.
471
' secc" x dx x secc" x c ' sec y dy x secc" x c ln ksec y b tan yk b C

x secc" x c ln ksec asecc" xb b tan asecc" xbk b C x secc" x c ln x b x# c 1 b C
70.
2
' log2 x dx x log2 x c ' 2y dy x log2 x c ln # b C x log2 x c lnx# b C
y
71. Yes, cosc" x is the angle whose cosine is x which implies sin acosc" xb 1 c x# .
72. Yes, tanc" x is the angle whose tangent is x which implies sec atanc" xb 1 b x# .
' sinhc" x dx x sinhc" x c ' sinh y dy x sinhc" x c cosh y b C x sinhc" x c cosh asinhc" xb b C;
x
1 b x
check: d cx sinhc" x c cosh asinhc" xb b Cd sinhc" x b

sinhc" x dx
' sinhc" x dx x sinhc" x c '
"#
b C sinhc" x b
x
1 b x
dx
' a1 b x# bc"# 2x dx
"
#
x
1 b x
dx sinhc" x dx
' tanhc" x dx x tanhc" x c ' tanh y dy x tanhc" x c ln kcosh yk b C x tanhc" x c ln kcosh atanhc" xbk b C;
x
1cx
dx tanhc" x dx
"
#
dx
check: d <x tanhc" x b
xb
"
xb 1 c x
2x
"
"
dx x tanhc" x c # ' 1cx dx x tanhc" x b # ln k1 c x# k b C
x
x
ln k1 c x# k b C <tanhc" x b 1 c x c 1 c x dx tanhc" x dx
#
x
' tanhc" x dx x tanhc" x c ' 1 c x
sinh atanh
cosh atanh
x
1cx
"c
"c
<tanhc" x b
x
1cx
check: d cx tanhc" x c ln kcosh atanhc" xbk b Cd tanhc" x b
(b)
"
1 b x
bC
check: d x sinhc" x c a1 b x# b
74. (a)
dx x sinhc" x c
"#
"
1bx
x sinhc" x c a1 b x# b
(b)
c sinh asinhc" xb
73. (a)
8.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

1.
' cos 2x dx " ' cos 2x 2dx " sin 2x b C

#
#
2.
'01 3 sin x dx 9'01 sin x

3
3
3.
' cos3 x sin x dx c' cos3 x acsin xbdx c 1 cos4 x b C

4
4.
1
' sin4 2x cos 2x dx " ' sin4 2x cos 2x 2dx 10 sin5 2x b C
#
5.
' sin3 x dx ' sin2 x sin x dx ' a1 c cos2 xb sin x dx ' sin x dx c ' cos2 x sin x dx ccos x b 1 cos3 x b C
3
6.
' cos3 4x dx ' cos2 4x cos 4x dx 1 ' a1 c sin2 4xb cos 4x 4dx 1 ' cos 4x 4dx c 1 ' sin2 4x cos 4x 4dx
4
4
4
1 sin 4x c
4
7.
1
3
12 sin 4x
1
3 dx
9ccos x 9ccos 1 b cos 0 9c " b 1

3
3
#
0
9
#
bC
' sin5 x dx ' asin# xb# sin x dx ' a" c cos# xb# sin x dx ' a" c 2cos# x b cos4 xbsin x dx
1
' sin x dx c ' 2cos# x sin x dx b ' cos4 x sin x dx ccos x b # cos3 x c 5 cos5 x b C
3
472
8.
'01 sin5 x dx (using Exercise 7) '01 sin x dx c '01 2cos# x sin x dx b '01 cos4 x sin x dx
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
%
x
#
x
<c#cos x b 3 cos3 2 c 5 cos5 2 0 a!b c c# b
2
%
$
#
c &
"'
"&
9.
' cos3 x dx ' acos# xbcos x dx ' a" c sin# xbcos x dx ' cos x dx c ' sin# x cos x dx sin x c 1 sin3 x b C
3
10.
'01/6 3cos5 3x dx '01/6 acos# 3xb# cos 3x 3dx '01/6 a" c sin# 3xb# cos 3x 3dx '01/6 a" c #sin# 3x b sin% 3xbcos 3x 3dx
'0 cos 3x 3dx c #'0 sin# 3x cos 3x 3dx b '0 sin% 3x cos 3x 3dx sin 3x c # sin33x b
1/6
" c
11.
1/6
2
$
b " c a!b
&
1/6
16
sin5 3x
5 0
)
"&
' sin3 x cos3 x dx ' sin3 x cos2 x cos xdx ' sin3 x a1 c sin2 xbcos x dx ' sin3 x cos x dx c ' sin5 x cos x dx
1 sin4 x c 1 sin6 x b C
4
6
12.
13.
' cos3 2x sin5 2x dx " ' cos3 2x sin5 2x 2dx " ' cos 2x cos2 2x sin5 2x 2dx " ' a1 c sin2 2xb sin5 2x cos 2x 2dx
#
#
#
1
1
"'
"'
# sin5 2x cos 2x 2dx c # sin7 2x cos 2x 2dx 12 sin6 2x c 16 sin8 2x b C
"
' cos2 x dx ' 1 b cos 2x dx " ' a1 b cos 2xbdx " ' dx b " ' cos 2x dx " ' dx b 4 ' cos 2x 2dx
2
#
#
#
#
"
" x b 4 sin 2x b C
#
"
'01/2 sin2 x dx '01/2 1 c cos 2x dx " '01/2 a1 c cos 2xbdx " '01/2 dx c " '01/2 cos 2x dx " '01/2 dx c 4 '01/2 cos 2x 2dx
#
#
#
#
2
1 2
< " x c " sin 2x 0

#
4
15.
"
"
"
"
# 1 c 4 sin 2 1 c # a0b c 4 sin 2a0b 1 c 0 c a0 c 0b
2
2
4
b $'0 cos4 y sin y dy c '0 cos6 y sin y dy ccos y b $ cos y c $ cos y b

3
5
1/2
&
19.
sin t
(
(
18.
1#
cos y
( 0
a!b c c" b " c
$
&
b "
(
' 7cos7 t dt (using Exercise 15) 7' cos t dt c $' sin2 t cos t dt b $' sin4 t cos t dt c ' sin6 t cos t dt
7sin t c $ sin t b $ sin t c
3
5
17.
&
1/2
16.
1
4
'01/2 sin7 y dy '01/2 sin6 y sin y dy '01/2 a" c cos2 yb$ sin y dy '01/2 sin y dy c $'01/2 cos2 y sin y dy
(
14.
b C 7sin t c 7sin3 t b
21
&
5 sin t
c sin( t b C
'01 )sin4 x dx )'01 " c cos #x # dx #'01 a" c #cos #x b cos# #xbdx #'01 dx c #'01 cos #x #dx b #'01 " b cos 4x dx
#
#
1
1
1
1
"
c#x c #sin #xd 0 b '0 dx b '0 cos 4x dx #1 b <x b # sin 4x 0 #1 b 1 $1
' )cos4 21x dx )' " b cos 41x # dx #' a" b #cos 41x b cos# 41xbdx #' dx b %' cos 41x dx b #' " b cos )1x dx
#
#
"
' dx b %' cos 41x dx b ' cos )1x dx 3x b 1 sin 41 x b )"1 sin )1 x b C
3
' 16 sin# x cos# x dx 16' " c cos #x " b cos #x dx %' a" c cos# 2xbdx %' dx c %' " b cos 4x dx
#
#
2
"
' dx c 2' cos 4x dx 4x c 2x c " sin 4x b C 2x c 2 sin 4x b C 2x c sin 2x cos 2x b C
4x c 2
2
2x c 2sin x cos x a2cos2 x c 1b b C 2x c 4sin x cos3 x b 2sin x cos x b C
"'
$&

20.
473
'01 8 sin4 y cos# y dy 8'01 " c cos #y # " b cos #y dy '01 dy c '01 cos #y dy c '01 cos# #y dy b '01 cos$ #y dy
#
#
1
1
1
1
1
"
<y c 2 sin 2y 1 c ' " b cos 4y dy b ' a" c sin# #ybcos #y dy 1 c " ' dy c " ' cos 4y dy b ' cos #y dy
#
# 0
# 0
0
0
0
0
'01 sin# #y cos #y dy 1 b c " y c " sin 4y b " sin 2y c " sin32y 1 1 c 1 1
c
#
)
#
#
#
#
3
21.
'
22.
'01/2 sin2 2) cos3 2) d) '01/2 sin2 2)a" c sin2 2)bcos 2) d) '01/2 sin2 2) cos 2) d) c '01/2 sin4 2) cos 2) d)
8cos3 2) sin 2) d) 8c " cos4 2) b C ccos4 2) b C

#
4
"
#
sin3 2)
3
"
#
1/2
sin5 2)
5 0
23.
cos
'021 " c # x dx '021 sin x dx '021 sin x dx <c#cos x 21 # b # %
#
#
# 0
24.
'01 " c cos 2x dx '01 # lsin 2x ldx '01 # sin 2x dx c#cos 2x 1 # b # ##

0
25.
'01 " c sin# t dt '01 l cos t ldt '01/2 cos t dt c '11/2 cos t dt csin td 1/2 c csin td 1/2 " c ! c ! b " #
1
0
26.
'01 " c cos# ) d) '01 l sin ) ld) '01 sin ) d) cccos )d 1 " b " #
0
27.
'1132 sin x
2
" c cos x
1 2
dx '13
12
" b cos x
sin2 x
" c cos x " b cos x
dx '13
12
'13 sin x " b cos x dx c 2 a" b cos xb32

3
1 2
1 3
28.
3
2
12
sin2 x " b cos x

sin2 x
" c sin x
'51 6 cos x
1
" c sin x
dx '0
16
cos x
" c sin x
dx
dx '516
'
" c sin x
'
'
1
1
4
cos4 x " b sin x
x
cos4 x " b sin x
dx 516 cos " 2b sin x dx
" c sin x " b sin x dx 516
" c sin2 x
cos x
1
1
1
cos4 x " b sin x
dx c 516 cos3 x " b sin x dx c 516 cos xa" c sin2 xb " b sin x dx
ccos x
5 1 6
1
1
c 516 cos x " b sin x dx b 516 cos x sin2 x " b sin x dx; u2 u du
4
'
'
'
'
Let u 1 b sin x u c 1 sin x du cos x dx, x

1
c 2 a" b sin xb32

3
c 2 a"
3
b sin 1b
32
51
6
1
u 1 b sin 56 3 , x 1 u 1 b sin 1 1
2
b '32 au c 1b2 u du c 2 a" b sin xb32

3
5 1 6
" c sin x
c2" c sin 1 b 2" c sin 0 c2 1 b 21 2 c 2

6
#
dx
3 2
32
2
2 3 3 2
c 2 " b cos 1 b 2 " b cos 1 c 3 b 3 2
3
2
3
3
'016 " b sin x dx '016 " b sin x " c sin x dx '016 " c sin x dx '016 cos x
1
16
2
3 "
3 2
c 2 b 2 3 b 2 c
3
3 2
7
30.
dx '13
2
3
c2a" c sin xb12
29.
sin2 x " b cos x

" c cos2 x
5 1 6
b '32 u52 c 2u32 b u du

1
1
32
2
4
2
1
b sin 56 b < 7 u72 c 5 u52 b 3 u32 32
4
5
72
52
32
52
72
b 2 c 23 c 43 b 23 43 c 23 c
3
7 2
5 2
3 2
5 2
7 2
'171212 1 c sin 2x dx '171212 1 c1sin 2x 1 b sin 2x dx '171212 1 c sin 2x dx '171212 cos 2x
'12
7112
ccos 2x
1 b sin 2x
1 b sin 2x
7112
dx c1 b sin 2x
1 2
1 b sin 2x
1 b sin 2x
18
35
dx
c1 b sin 2 71 b 1 b sin 2 1 c " b 1 1 c

12
2
#
1
2
2 c 1
2
474
31.
'01/2 )" c cos 2) d) '01/2 )# l sin ) l d) #'01/2 ) sin ) d) # cc)cos ) b sin )d 1/2 #a"b #
0
32.
1
1
1
!
!
'c1 a" c cos# tb$# dt 'c1 asin# tb$# dt 'c1 sin$ t dt c'c1 sin$ t dt b '!1 sin$ t dt c'c1 a" c cos# tbsin t dt
b '! a" c cos# tbsin t dt c'c1 sin t dt b 'c1 cos# t sin t dt b '! sin t dt c '! cos# t sin t dt cos t c
1
b ccos t b
33.
34.
1
cos3 t
3 !
" c
"
$
b " c " b " c

$
"
$
b " c "
$
!
cos3 t
3 c1
)
$
' sec2 x tan x dx ' tan x sec2 x dx 1 tan 2 x b C

2
' sec x tan2 x dx ' sec x tan x tan xdx; u tan x, du sec2 x dx, dv sec x tan x dx, v sec x;
sec x tan x c ' sec3 x dx sec x tan x c ' sec2 x sec xdx sec x tan x c ' atan2 x b 1bsec xdx
sec x tan x c ' tan2 x sec xdx b ' sec xdx sec x tan x c lnlsec x b tan xl c ' tan2 x sec xdx
' sec x tan2 x dx sec x tan x c lnlsec x b tan xl c ' tan2 x sec xdx
2' tan2 x sec xdx sec x tan x c lnlsec x b tan xl ' tan2 x sec xdx " sec x tan x c " lnlsec x b tan xl b C
#
#
35.
36.
' sec3 x tan x dx ' sec2 x sec x tan x dx 1 sec 3 x b C

3
' sec3 x tan3 x dx ' sec2 x tan2 x sec x tan x dx ' sec2 xasec2 x c 1bsec x tan x dx
' sec4 x sec x tan x dx c ' sec2 x sec x tan x dx 1 sec 5 x c 1 sec 3 x b C
5
3
37.
' sec2 x tan2 x dx ' tan2 x sec2 x dx 1 tan 3 x b C

3
38.
' sec4 x tan2 x dx ' sec2 x tan2 x sec2 x dx ' atan2 x b 1btan2 x sec2 x dx ' tan4 x sec2 x dx b ' tan2 x sec2 x dx
1 tan 5 x b 1 tan 3 x b C
5
3
39.
!
'c1/3 2 sec$ x dx; u sec x, du sec x tan x dx, dv sec# x dx, v tan x;
!
!
!
'c1/3 2 sec$ x dx c2 sec x tan xd ! 1$ c #'c1/3 sec x tan2 x dx # " ! c # # $ c #'c1/3 sec x asec2 x c "bdx
c
%$ c #'c1/3 sec$ x dx b #'c1/3 sec x dx; 2'c1/3 2 sec$ x dx %$ b c#ln l sec x + tan xld ! 1$
c
!
2'c1/3 2 sec$ x dx %$ b #ln l " + !l c #ln l # c $ l %$ c # ln # c $

!
!
'c1/3 2 sec$ x dx #$ c ln #
40.
c $
' ex sec$ aex bdx; u secaex b, du secaex btanaex bex dx, dv sec# aex bex dx, v tanaex b.
' ex sec$ aex b dx secaex btanaex b c ' secaex btan# aex bex dx
secaex btanaex b c ' secaex basec# aex b c "bex dx
secaex btanaex b c ' sec$ aex bex dx b ' secaex bex dx
2' ex sec$ aex b dx secaex btanaex b b lnsecaex b b tanaex b b C
' ex sec$ aex b dx " secaex btanaex b b lnsecaex b b tanaex b b C
#

41.
475
' sec4 ) d) ' a" b tan2 )bsec2 ) d) ' sec2 ) d) b ' tan2 ) sec2 ) d) tan ) b 1 tan3 ) b C
3
tan ) b 1 tan )asec2 ) c 1b b C 1 tan ) sec2 ) b 2 tan ) b C
3
3
3
43.
'
3sec4 a3xb dx ' a" b tan2 a3xbbsec2 a3xb3dx ' sec2 a3xb3dx b ' tan2 a3xb sec2 a3xb3dx tan a3xb b 1 tan3 a3xb b C
3
/2
/2
/2
/2
'11/4 csc4 ) d) '11/4 a" b cot# )bcsc# ) d) '11/4 csc# ) d) b '11/4 cot# ) csc# ) d) ccot ) c cot ) 12
3
$
42.
a!b c c" c "

$
45.
' sec6 x dx ' sec4 x sec2 x dx ' atan2 x b 1b2 sec2 x dx ' atan4 x b 2tan2 x b 1bsec2 x dx
' tan4 x sec2 x dx b 2' tan2 x sec2 x dx b ' sec2 x dx 1 tan 5 x b 2 tan 3 x b tan x b C
5
3
' 4 tan3 x dx 4'
asec# x c "btan x dx 4' sec# x tan x dx c 4' tan x dx % tan x c % ln lsec xl b C

#
#
44.
1/4
%
$
2 tan# x c 4 ln lsec xl b C 2 tan# x c 2 ln lsec2 xl b C 2 tan# x c 2 ln a1 b tan2 xb b C

46.
1
1
'c1/4/4 6 tan4 x dx 6'c1/4/4
asec# x c "btan2 x dx 6'c1/4 sec# x tan2 x dx c 6'c1/4 tan2 x dx

1/4
1/4
6'c1/4 sec2 x tan2 x dx c 6'c1/4 asec2 x c 1bdx ' tan x

$
#a" c ac"bb c c'tan
47.
1 4
xd c14
1/4
1/4
14
c'xd c14
$1
#
$1
#
1/4
$1 c )
1
4
atan2 x b 1b
c atan2 x b 1b b lnlsec xl b C 1 tan4 x c " tan2 x b lnlsec xl b C

4
#
' cot6 2x dx ' cot4 2x cot2 2x dx ' cot4 2x acsc2 2x c 1b dx ' cot4 2x csc2 2x dx c ' cot4 2x dx
' cot4 2x csc2 2x dx c ' cot2 2x cot2 2x dx ' cot4 2x csc2 2x dx c ' cot2 2xacsc2 2x c 1bdx
' cot4 2x csc2 2x dx c ' cot2 2x csc2 2x dx b ' cot2 2x dx
' cot4 2x csc2 2x dx c ' cot2 2x csc2 2xdx b ' acsc2 2x c 1bdx
1
' cot4 2x csc2 2x dx c ' cot2 2x csc2 2xdx b ' csc2 2x dx c ' dx c 10 cot5 2x b 1 cot3 2x c " cot 2x c x b C
6
#
/3
/3
/3
/3
'11/6 cot3 x dx '11/6 acsc2 x c " bcot x dx '11/6 csc2 x cot x dx c '11/6 cot x dx c cot x b ln l csc xl 13
#
16
#
c " " c $ b ln $ c ln #
# $
50.
% c 'a" c ac"bb b
1/4
49.
c 1 4
c 6'c1/4 sec# x dx b 6'c1/4 dx
' tan5 x dx ' tan4 x tan x dx ' asec2 x c 1b2 tan x dx ' asec4 x c 2sec2 x b 1btan x dx
' sec4 x tan x dx c 2' sec2 x tan x dx b ' tan x dx ' sec3 x sec x tan x dx c 2' sec x sec x tan x dx b ' tan x dx
1 sec4 x c sec2 x b lnlsec xl b C
4
48.
14
%
$
c ln$
' 8 cot4 t dt 8' acsc2 t c " bcot2 t dt 8' csc2 t cot2 t dt c 8' cot2 t dt c 8 cot3 t c 8' acsc2 t c " bdt
3
c 8 cot3 t b 8 cot t b 8t b C
3
51.
"
' sin 3x cos 2x dx " ' asin x b sin 5xb dx c " cos x c 10 cos 5x b C
#
#
52.
"
' sin 2x cos 3x dx " ' asinacxb b sin 5xb dx " ' acsin x b sin 5xb dx " cos x c 10 cos 5x b C
#
#
#
476
53.
1
1
1
1
"
'c1 sin 3x sin 3x dx " 'c1 acos ! c cos 6xb dx " 'c1 dx c " 'c1 cos 6x dx " <x c "# sin 6x 1 1 1 b 1 c ! 1
#
#
#
#
#
#
c
54.
'!12 sin x cos x dx " '!12 asin ! b sin 2xb dx " '!12 sin 2x dx c " ccos 2xd 1# c " ac" c "b "
!
#
#
%
%
#
55.
"
"
' cos 3x cos 4x dx " ' acosacxb b cos 7xb dx " ' acos x b cos 7xb dx 2 sin x b 14 sin 7x b C
#
#
56.
1 2
1 2
" "
"
'c12 cos 7x cos x dx " 'c12 acos 6x b cos 8xb dx 2 < 6 sin 6xb 8 sin 8x 1122 0
#
c
57.
58.
59.
60.
' sin2 ) cos 3) d) ' 1 c cos 2) cos 3) d) " ' cos 3) d) c " ' cos 2) cos 3) d)
#
#
2
"'
"' "
"
# cos 3) d) c # # acosa 2 c 3b) b cosa 2 b 3b)b d) " ' cos 3) d) c 4 ' acosac)b
#
"
"
"
1
" ' cos 3) d) c 4 ' cos ) d) c 4 ' cos 5) d) 1 sin 3) c 4 sin ) c 20 sin 5) b C
#
6
b cos 5)b d)
' cos2 2) sin ) d) ' a2cos2 ) c 1b2 sin ) d) ' a4cos4 ) c 4cos2 ) b 1b sin ) d)
' 4cos4 ) sin ) d) c ' 4cos2 ) sin ) d) b ' sin ) d) c 4 cos5 ) b 4 cos3 ) c cos ) b C
5
3
' cos3 ) sin 2) d) ' cos3 ) a2sin ) cos )b d) 2' cos4 ) sin ) d) c 2 cos5 ) b C
5
' sin3 ) cos 2) d) ' sin2 ) cos 2) sin ) d) ' a1 c cos2 )ba2cos2 ) c 1bsin ) d)
' ac2cos4 ) b 3cos2 ) c 1bsin ) d) c2' cos4 ) sin ) d) b 3' cos2 ) sin ) d) c ' sin ) d)
2 cos5 ) c cos3 ) b cos ) b C
5
61.
62.
' sin ) cos ) cos 3) d) " ' 2sin ) cos ) cos 3) d) " ' sin 2) cos 3) d) " ' " asina2 c 3b) b sina2 b 3b)b d)
#
#
#
#
"'
"'
"
1
4 asinac)b b sin 5)b d) 4 acsin ) b sin 5)b d) 4 cos ) c 20 cos 5) b C
' sin ) sin 2) sin 3) d) ' " acosa1 c 2b) c cosa1 b 2b)b sin 3) d) " ' acosac)b c cos 3)b sin 3) d)
#
#
"'
"'
"' "
"
# sin 3) cos ) d) c # sin 3) cos 3) d) # # asina3 c 1b) b sina3 b 1b)bd) c 4 ' 2sin 3) cos 3) d)
"
"
"
" ' asin 2) b sin 4)bd) c 4 ' sin 6) d) 4 ' asin 2) b sin 4)bd) c 4 ' sin 6) d)
4
c 1 cos 2) c
8
63.
'
sec3 x
tan x
dx '
1
16 cos 4)
sec2 x sec x
tan x
6) b C
dx '
1
24 cos
atan2 x b 1bsec x
tan x
dx '
tan2 x sec x
tan x
dx b '
sec x
tan x
dx ' tan x sec x dx b ' csc x dx
sec x c lnlcsc x b cot xl b C
tan2 x
csc x
dx '
sin x sin x
cos4 x
dx '
a1ccos xb sin x
cos4 x
dx '
sin x
cos4 x
dx c '
' sec2 x sec x tan x dx c ' sec x tan x dx 1 sec3 x c sec x b C

3
'
sin2 x
sin x dx
cos2 x
'
a1ccos xb
#
65.
cos2 x
sin x dx '
cos x sin x
cos4 x
1
sin x dx
cos2 x
c'
dx ' sec3 x tan x dx c ' sec x tan x dx
cos x
sin x dx
cos2 x
#
dx '
sin3 x
cos4 x
'
64.
' sec x tan x dx c ' sin x dx
sec x b cos x b C

66.
'
dx '
67.
' x sin2 x dx ' x 1 c cos 2x dx " ' x dx c " ' x cos 2x dx u x, du dx, dv cos 2x dx, v " sin 2x
#
#
#
2
cot x
cos2 x
cos x
sin x
dx '
1
cos2 x
2
2sin x cos x
dx '
477
2
sin 2x
dx ' csc 2x 2dx clnl csc 2x b cot 2x l b C
" "
"
"
"
" x2 c # # x sin 2x c ' # sin 2x dx 4 x2 c 4 x sin 2x c 1 cos 2x b C
4
8
68.
' x cos3 x dx ' x cos2 x cos x dx ' xa1 c sin2 xb cos x dx ' x cos x dx c ' x sin2 x cos x dx;
' x cos x dx x sin x c ' sin x dx x sin x b cos x;
u x, du dx, dv cos x dx, v sin x
' x sin2 x cos x dx
1 x sin3 x c ' 1 sin3 x dx;

3
3
u x, du dx, dv sin2 x cos x dx, v 1 sin3 x

3
' a1 c cos2 xb sin x dx 1 x sin3 x c 1 ' sin x dx b 1 ' cos2 x sin x dx 1 x sin3 x b 1 cos x c 1 cos3 x;
3
3
3
3
3
9
' x cos x dx c ' x sin2 x cos x dx ax sin x b cos xb c 1 x sin3 x b 1 cos x c 1 cos3 x b C
3
3
9
1 x sin3 x c
3
1
3
x sin x c 1 x sin3 x b 2 cos x b 1 cos3 x b C

3
3
9
69. y lnasec xb; y w
sec x tan x
sec x
tan x;ay w b# tan# x; '!
14
" b tan# x dx '
14
1
lsec xl dx clnlsec x b tan xld ! /4
ln# b " c lna! b "b ln# b "

70. M 'c14 sec x dx clnlsec x b tan xld 1/44 ln# b " c ln l# c "l ln # b "
c1
#c"
14
" c #
" b #
71. V 1'! sin# x dx 1'!

1
#ln
c"
ctan xd c14
"
#ln
1
#
dx
'!1 dx c 1 '!1 cos 2x dx 1 cxd 1 c 1 csin 2xd 1 1 a1 c !b c 1 a! c !b 1#

!
!
#
#
4
#
4
72. A '! " b cos 4x dx '! # lcos 2xldx # '!
#
#
1%
csin 2xd !
#
#
1%
$1%
csin 2xd 1% b
#
#
73. M '0 ax b cos xbdx " x2 b sin x

#
1
21 2
csin 2xd 11%

$
21
21
"
ln
" c cos 2x
2
a" c ac"bb
ax, yb ! ln #b"
#c"
14
"
" c #
" b #
ln
1 4
'c14 sec x dx
#
" c #
" b #
"
" c #
" b #
cos 2x dx c # '1% cos 2x dx b # '$1% cos 2x dx
#
#
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a" c !b c
#
#
ac" c "b b
#
#
a ! b "b # b # # #
" a21b2 b sin a21b c " a0b2 b sin a0b 212 ;

#
#
'021 xax b cos xbdx 21 '021 ax2 b x cos xbdx 21 '021 x2 dx b 21 '021 x cos xdx
1
1
1
2
u x, du dx, dv cos x dx, v sin x

c 0 c '0 sin xdx9
21
1
3
612 x 0
41
3
1
41 2
'021 ax2 b 2x cos x b cos2 xbdx 41 '021 x2 dx b 21 '021 x cos xdx b 41 '021 cos2 x dx
1
1
1
21
1
212 x sin x0
c '0 sin xdx9
21
1
2 cos x
21
0
41
3
21
1
212 acos 21
1
3
612 a81
c cos 0b
2
41
3
c 0b b
b0
2
41
3 ;
1
212 21 sin 21
1
21 2
21
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#
2
478
21
1
3
1212 x 0
21
3
13
1'!
1 3
'!
13
1
2
dx c
1 3
21
3
'!
13
1
41 2
'021 cos 2x b 1 dx 231 b 0 b 81 '021 cos 2x dx b 81 '021 dx

1
1
2
2
b0b
13
cos 2x dx b 21lnlsec
13
0
1
41
81 2 b 3
121
1
The centroid is 43 ,
81 2 b 3
121 .
asin# x b 2sin x sec x b sec2 xb dx
2tan x dx b 1'!
c 1 sin 2x
4
13
8
13
12
6
21
1
812 x0
sin# x dx b 1'!
13
21
b cos x
1asin x b sec xb2 dx 1'!
1 x
2
1
212 x sin x
21
1
1612 sin 2x0
74. V '!
1
2
sec2 x dx 1'!
13
1
3l
1 c cos 2x
2
c lnlsec 0l b 1tan
1
3
13
dx b 21 lnlsec xl
13
b 1 tan x
c tan 0
b 21 ln 2 b 13 1 1 c 0 c 1 sin 2 1 c sin 2a0b b 21 ln 2 b 13

2 3
4
3
141 b 213 c 48 ln 2
b 21 ln 2 b 13
24
8.3 TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS

, 9 b x# 9 a1 b tan# )b 9 sec# )
6.
'01 2
9cx
"
#
dx
'02 4bx
"
#
"
#
tanc" 1 c
"
x
< # tanc" # #
!
x $#
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2 dx
1 c 4x
1
#
, du
; ct 2xd
'01 2
"
#
"
#
"
#
"
# tanc" 1 c
c sinc" 0
dt
1 c t
1
6
"
#
c0
csinc" td 0
1
8. t
"
3
kcos )k
3
cos )
3 ;
, 1 b u# lsec tl sec t ;
a) b sin ) cos )b b C
25
#
sin ), c 1 ) 1 , dt
#
#
"
3
t
sinc" 5 b
t
5 25 c t
5
1
4
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"
tanc" 0 # # 1 c 0
4
1
16
1
6
sinc"
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#
1
3ksec )k
b x b Cw ln 9 b x# b x b C
3
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tanc" (c1) # 1 c # c 1
4
4
7. t 5 sin ), c 1 ) 1 , dt 5 cos ) d), 25 c t# 5 cos );

#
#
' 25 c t# dt ' (5 cos ))(5 cos )) d) 25 ' cos# ) d) 25 '
dt
cos t
"
2
c sinc" 0
1 b cos 2)
#
b C
25
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1
4
1
4
c0
)
d) 25 # b
t
sinc" 5 b
sin 2)
4
t25 c t
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; u tan t, c 1 t
#
9 b x
3
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9 b x
' sec t dt ln ksec t b tan tk b C ln u# b 1 b u b C ln 1 b 9x# b 3x b C
x #
"
< # tanc" # c#
5.
du
1 b u
dx
'02 8 b 2x
dt
cos t asec tb
ln ksec ) b tan )k b Cw ln
4.
dx
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'
d)
cos )
2
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3.
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1bu
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'
; c3x ud
#
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cos ) d)
3 cos )
2.
3'
9bx
' dx
because cos ) 0 when c 1 ) 1 ;

#
#
3 d)
cos )
1. x 3 tan ), c 1 ) 1 , dx
#
#
bC
bC
cos ) d), 1 c 9t# cos );
"
"
"
' 1 c 9t# dt " ' (cos ))(cos )) d) 3 ' cos# ) d) 6 a) b sin ) cos )b b C 6 sinc" (3t) b 3t1 c 9t# b C
3
sec ), 0 ) 1 , dx
#
dx
4x c 49
'
'
7
#
sec ) tan ) d)
7 tan )
7
#
sec ) tan ) d), 4x# c 49 49 sec# ) c 49 7 tan );

"
#
' sec ) d) " ln ksec ) b tan )k b C " ln 2x b 4x7 c 49 b C

#
#
7
#
9. x
Section 8.3 Trigonometric Substitutions

sec ), 0 ) 1 , dx
#
3
5
' 5 dx
25x c 9
'
sec ) tan ) d), 25x# c 9 9 sec# ) c 9 3 tan );
3
5
' sec ) d) ln ksec ) b tan )k b C ln 5x b

3
5 3 sec ) tan ) d)
5
3 tan )
25x c 9
3
#
10. x
bC
11. y 7 sec ), 0 ) 1 , dy 7 sec ) tan ) d), y# c 49 7 tan );

#
' y yc 49 dy ' (7 tan ))(7 sec ) tan )) d) 7 ' tan# ) d) 7 ' asec# ) c 1b d) 7(tan ) c )) b C
7 sec )
#
c secc" y b C
7
a) c sin ) cos )b b C
"
10
secc" y c
5
"
5
y c 25
5
y
y
#
"
10
tan# ) cos# ) d)
'
sin# ) d)
bC
sec
"c
tan
' yyc 25 dy ' (5 tan ))(5 sec ) ) )) d) " '
125 sec
5
"
10
y
5
10
' (1 c cos 2)) d)
y c 25
#y
#
12. y 5 sec ), 0 ) 1 , dy 5 sec ) tan ) d), y# c 25 5 tan );

#
y c 49
7
#
bC
13. x sec ), 0 ) 1 , dx sec ) tan ) d), x# c 1 tan );

#
sec ) tan ) d)
sec ) tan )
#
'
dx
x x c 1
'
d)
sec )
sin ) b C
x c 1
x
bC
'
14. x sec ), 0 ) 1 , dx sec ) tan ) d), x# c 1 tan );

#
2 ' cos# ) d) 2 ' 1 b cos 2) d) ) b sin ) cos ) b C

#
) b tan ) cos# ) b C secc" x b x# c 1 " b C secc" x b

x
x c 1
x
#
2 tan ) sec ) d)
sec ) tan )
'
2 dx
x x c 1
'
bC
15. u 9 c x# du c2x dx c " du x dx;

#
9cx
' x dx
c"'
#
1
u du
cu b C c9 c x# b C
16. x 2 tan ), c 1 ) 1 , dx 2sec# ) d) , 4 b x# 4sec# )

#
#
' 2 tan2 ) d) 2' asec# ) c 1bd) 2' sec# ) d) c 2' d) 2 tan ) c 2) b C
dt 8' t" c t" dt 8 c " b

t
#
#$
ax b 4 b
8 3
9bC
8'
"
3
ax# b 4b
$#
"
3t
x b 4
#
t c1
t
sin ) d)
cos )
2
cos ) ;
acos ) c 1b (c sin )) d)
cos )
b C 8 c sec ) b
sec )
3
$
ct cos )d 8 '
#
8 c
8'
a8 tan )b (cos )) d)
cos )
#
'
dx
x b4
, x# b 4
' x
2 d)
cos )
#
17. x 2 tan ), c 1 ) 1 , dx
#
#
4tan2 )a2sec )bd)

4sec )
2 tanc1 x b C
2
xc
'
' 4xbdx
x
bC
c 4x# b 4 b C 1 ax# c 8bx# b 4 b C

3
18. x tan ), c 1 ) 1 , dx sec# ) d), x# b 1 sec );

#
#
sec ) d)
tan ) sec )
'
cos ) d)
sin )
#
'
dx
x x b 1
"
c sin ) b C
c x b 1
x
#
'
bC
19. w 2 sin ), c 1 ) 1 , dw 2 cos ) d), 4 c w# 2 cos );

#
#
82 cos ) d)
4 sin )2 cos )
#
'
2'
d)
sin )
#
8 dw
w 4 c w
c2 cot ) b C
c2 4 c w
w
'
bC
479
480
20. w 3 sin ), c 1 ) 1 , dw 3 cos ) d), 9 c w# 3 cos );

#
#
dw '
' cot# ) d) ' 1 c sin) ) d) ' acsc# ) c 1b d)

sin
3 cos )3 cos ) d)
9 sin )
c sinc" w b C
3
9 c w
w
c cot ) c ) b C c
' 9wc w
21. u 5x du 5dx, a 6
1
1
1
u
' 36 100 dx 20' a6b b a5xb 5dx 20' a b u du 20 6 tanc" 6 b C 10 tanc" 5x b C
b 25x
3
6
2
22. u x2 c 4 du 2x dx " du x dx
#
' x x# c 4 dx " ' u du 1 u32 b C 1 ax# c 4b32 b C

3
3
#
23. x sin ), 0 ) 1 , dx cos ) d), a1 c x# b

3
3
41
3
d)
cos )
"
4
1'
ctan )d !
#$ #
sec ) tan ) d)
tan )
$
'
'
cos ) d)
sin )
#$
26. x sec ), 0 ) 1 , dx sec ) tan ) d), ax# c 1b

2
sec )sec ) tan ) d)
tan )
#
'
cos )cos ) d)
sin )
$
dx
#$ #
'
28. x sin ), c 1 )
#
#" #
%
6 3 sec ) d)
sec )
"
'
6 dt
a9t b 1b
x
3 ax c 1 b
"#
"
#
bC
cos$ );
1 c x
x
&
bC
cos );
1 c x
x
bC
sec# ) d), a4x# b 1b sec% );
4 ' cos# ) d) 2() b sin ) cos )) b C 2 tanc" 2x b
tan ), c 1 ) 1 , dt
#
#
#
'
8 sec ) d)
sec )
#
"
"
3
'
bCc
' cot# ) csc# ) d) c cot ) b C c "

3
3
tan ), c 1 ) 1 , dx
#
#
8 dx
a4x b 1b
30. t
cos )cos ) d)
sin )
'
"
#
'
29. x
dx
$#
' cot% ) csc# ) d) c cot ) b C c "

5
5
, dx cos ) d), a1 c x# b
%
' a1 c xxb
1
#
"
d) c 3 sin
, dx cos ) d), a1 c x# b
'
' a1 c xxb
1
#
cos )
sin )
bC
tan& );
#&
27. x sin ), c 1 )
#
'
x
x c1
&
'
&
x dx
ax c 1 b
'
&#
"
4 3
tan$ );
"
c sin ) b C c
dx
ax c 1 b
"
3
4x
a4x b 1b
bC
sec# ) d), 9t# b 1 sec# );
2 ' cos# ) d) ) b sin ) cos ) b C tanc" 3t b
3t
a9t b 1b
#
'
$#
3
12
25. x sec ), 0 ) 1 , dx sec ) tan ) d), ax# c 1b

2
'0
"
4
2 cos ) d)
8 cos )
'0
8 cos$ );
#$ #
dx
a4 c x b
$#
43 c
24. x 2 sin ), 0 ) 1 , dx 2 cos ) d), a4 c x# b

6
'01
#$
1$
4 ctan ) c )d !
4 '0 1 c cos) ) d) 4 '0 asec# ) c 1b d)

cos
4 sin ) cos ) d)
cos )
'0
4x dx
a1 c x b
3 2
cos$ );
1
'0
$#
bC
31. u x2 c 1 du 2x dx " du x dx
#
1
"
"
"
"
"
"
' x xc 1 dx ' ax b x x 1 bdx ' x dx b ' x x 1 dx # x2 b # ' u du # x2 b # ln lul b C # x2 b # ln lx2 c 1l b C
c
c
$

32. u 25 b %x2 du 8x dx " du x dx
8
x
"
1
"
"
' 25 b %x dx 8 ' u du 8 ln lul b C 8 ln a25 b %x2 b b C
2
&
'
&
#& #
)
35. Let et 3 tan ), t ln (3 tan )), tanc" " ) tanc" % , dt

$
$
"c
10
3
4 3
2 sec ) d)
sec )
#
dt '1
#$
'
"
t
tan
4 3
bC
d), e2t b 9 9 tan# ) b 9 3 sec );
2 du
1bu
sec )
tan )
4 3
1 3
d), 1 b e2t 1 b tan# ) sec# );
cos ) d) csin )d tan

tan
3 4
"c
; u 2t, du
'tan
"c
"c
2 du
1bu
sec )
4 3
'11
(tan )) sec d)
tan
3 4
tan
2 dt
t b 4tt
)
)#
4
'1112
'tan
1 c r
r
"
b 3 ln 9 c ln 1 b 10
"c
37.
et dt
a1 b e2t b
bC
sec ) d) cln ksec ) b tan )kd tan

tan
1 3
36. Let et tan ), t ln (tan )), tanc" 3 ) tanc" 4 , dt

4
3
'lnln 3443
v
1cv
sec )
tan )
"c
3 tan )sec ) d)
tan )3 sec )
1 3
ln 5 b 4 c ln
3
3
'tan
tan
'tan
4 3
"c
et dt
e2t b 9
tan
"c
'0
ln 4
' cot' ) csc# ) d) c cot ) b C c "

7
7
cos )cos ) d)
sin )
)
dr
"
3
' a1 c r rb
bC
; u tan ),
1%
c2)d 1' 2 1 c 1
4
6
1
6
%$ "c
"c
#& #
34. r sin ), c 1 ) 1 ;
#
#
tan )
3
"c
"c
' tan# ) sec# ) d)
sin ) cos ) d)
cos )
'
v dv
a1 c v b
cos& );
$
'
&#
33. v sin ), c 1 ) 1 , dv cos ) d), a1 c v# b

#
#
4 3
4
5
3
5
"
5
) 1 , du sec# ) d), 1 b u# sec# );

4
1
6
38. y etan ) , 0 ) 1 , dy etan ) sec# ) d), 1 b (ln y)# 1 b tan# ) sec );

4
4
etan sec )
etan sec )
#
'0
d) '0 sec ) d) cln ksec ) b tan )kd !

4
dy
'1e y1 b (ln y)
1%
ln 1 b 2
39. x sec ), 0 ) 1 , dx sec ) tan ) d), x# c 1 sec# ) c 1 tan );

#
dx
x x c 1
#
'
'
sec ) tan ) d)
sec ) tan )
) b C secc" x b C
40. x tan ), dx sec# ) d), 1 b x# sec# );
' x dx 1 ' sec ) )d) ) b C tanc" x b C

sec
b
#
41. x sec ), dx sec ) tan ) d), x# c 1 sec# ) c 1 tan );

' x dx ' sec )sec ) tan ) d) ' sec# ) d) tan ) b C x# c 1 b C
x c 1
tan )
42. x sin ), dx cos ) d), c 1 )

#
1cx
' dx
'
cos ) d)
cos )
1
#
) b C sinc" x b C
43. Let x2 tan ), 0 ) 1 , 2x dx sec2 ) d) x dx " sec2 ) d); 1 b x4 1 b tan2 ) sec )

#
#
'x
1 b x4
dx
"
#
' sec )) d) " ' sec )d) " lnlsec ) b tan )l b C " lnl1 b x4 b x2 l b C
sec
#
#
#
2
481
482
44. Let ln x sin ), c 1 ) 0 or 0 ) 1 , 1 dx cos ) d), 1 c aln xb2 cos )

#
# x
a
' 1xclnln xb dx ' cos )) d) ' 1 c sin ) d) ' csc ) d) c ' sin ) d)
x
sin
sin )
2
1
c ln ln x b
1caln xb2
ln x
2
b 1 c aln xb b C c ln
1 b 1caln xb2
ln x
c lnlcsc ) b cot )l b cos ) b C
b 1 c aln xb2 b C
45. Let u x x u2 dx 2u du ' 4 c x dx ' 4 c2u 2u du 2' 4 c u2 du;

x
u
2
1
#
u 2 sin ), du 2 cos ) d), 0 )
, 4 c u2 2 cos )
2' 4 c u2 du 2' a2 cos )b a2 cos )b d) 8' cos2 ) d) 8'
'
4) b 2 sin 2) b C 4) b 4 sin ) cos ) b C 4 sinc1 u b

2
4 sinc1
x
2
d) b 4' cos 2) d)
x
2
b x4 c x b C
b 4x c x2 b C
46. Let u x32 x u23 dx 2 uc13 du

3
'
u1 3
1 c u
u2 3
2 uc13 du
3
1 c au 2 3 b 3
2
3u1
x
' 1 c x dx '
du
2
3
'1
1cu
4 sinc1
1 b cos 2)
d) 4
2
c 2
4 u 42 u b C
2
du
2
3
sinc1 u b C
2
3
sinc1 x32 b C
47. Let u x x u2 dx 2u du ' x1 c x dx ' u 1 c u2 2u du 2' u2 1 c u2 du;

u sin ), du cos ) d), c 1 ) 1 , 1 c u2 cos )
#
2' u2 1 c u2 du 2' sin2 ) cos ) cos ) d) 2' sin2 ) cos2 ) d) 1 ' sin2 2) d) 1 ' 1 c cos 4) d)
2
2
2
1'
1'
1
1
1
1
1
1
4 d) c 4 cos 4) d) 4 ) c 16 sin 4) b C 4 ) c 8 sin 2) cos 2) b C 4 ) c 4 sin ) cos ) a2cos2 ) c 1b b C
1 ) c 1 sin ) cos3 ) b 1 sin ) cos ) b C 1 sinc1 u c 1 u a1 c u2 b
4
2
4
4
2
1 sinc1 x c 1 x a1 c xb32 c 1 x 1 c x b C
4
32
c 1 u 1 c u2 b C
4
48. Let w x c 1 w2 x c 1 2w dw dx '

w sec ), dx sec ) tan ) d), 0 )
1
#
x c 2
x c 1 dx
'
w2 c 1
2w dw
w
2' w2 c 1 dw
, w2 c 1 tan )
2' w2 c 1 dw 2' tan ) sec ) tan ) d); u tan ), du sec2 ) d), dv sec ) tan ) d), v sec )
2' tan ) sec ) tan ) d) 2 sec ) tan ) c 2' sec3 ) d) 2 sec ) tan ) c 2' sec2 ) sec )d)
2 sec ) tan ) c 2' atan2 ) b 1bsec ) d) 2 sec ) tan ) c 2' tan2 ) sec ) d) b ' sec ) d)
2sec ) tan ) c 2lnlsec ) b tan )l c 2' tan2 ) sec ) d) 2' tan2 ) sec ) d) sec ) tan ) c lnlsec ) b tan )l b C
w w2 c 1 c lnlw b w2 c 1l b C x c 1 x c 2 c lnlx c 1 b x c 2l b C
x# c 4; dy x# c 4
x c 4
#
#
(2 tan ))(2 sec ) tan )) d)

2 sec )
;y'
x 2 sec ), 0 ) #
dx; dx 2 sec ) tan ) d)
x# c 4 2 tan )
2' tan# ) d) 2 ' asec# ) c 1b d) 2(tan) c )) b C
c secc" x b C; x 2 and y 0 0 0 b C C 0 y 2
#
x c 4
#
#
y'
dx
x
x c 4
x
#
49. x
dy
dx
c secc" x
#

;y'
dx
x c 9
#
1, dy
x 3 sec ), 0 ) #
dx
dx 3 sec ) tan ) d) y '
x c 9 ;
x# c 9 3 tan )
#
' sec ) d) ln ksec ) b tan )k b C ln x b

3
y2
b2
1
#
dx; x 3 sin ), 0 )
3'0
3 cos )3 cos ) d)
3
1 y b1 c
cos# ) d)
x2
a2 ;
1#
c) b sin ) cos )d !
3
#
A 4'0 b1 c
a
dx 4b'0
12
d) b 2ab'0
12
1 2
x sinc1 x
1 2
c '0
1 2
sinc1 x dx
12
" x2
1 b 63 c 12 #
x2
a2
x
1 c x2
b C; x 0 and y 1
1 2
0
31
4
x2
a2
dx
cos ), x 0 a sin ) ) 0, x a a sin ) ) 1

2
cos2 ) d) 4ab'0
12
12
0
1
1 c x2 dx,
dv dx, v x
1 2
0
"
#
'012
12
'012 x sinc1 x dx
1 b 63 c 12
1#
12
1 b 63 c 12
u sinc1 x, du
x2
1 c x2
1 b cos2)
d)
#
2ab 1 c 0 b abasin 1 c sin 0b 1ab

2
dx " sinc1 " c ! b 1 c x2

#
#
1 b 63 c 12
;
1#
sinc1 x
b absin 2)
sinc1 x dx u sinc1 x, du
1 2
(b) M '0
1 2
cos2) d) 2ab )
b1
55. (a) A '0
sec$ );
x
x b 1
dx 4b'0 1 c
12
1 2
x2
a2
cos ) aa cos )b d) 4ab'0
2ab'0
x2
a2
bC
$#
tanc" 1 b C
, dx 3 cos ) d), 9 c x# 9 c 9 sin# ) 3 cos );
x a sin ), c 1 ) 1 , dx a cos ) d), 1 c

#
#
4b'0 1 c
tan )
sec )
'012 x sinc1 x dx
1
1 c x2 dx,
dv x dx, v " x2
#
dx9
x sin ), c 1 ) 1 , dx cos ) d), 1 c x2 cos ), x 0 sin ) ) 0, x

#
#
1
12
1 b 63 c 12 48
)
b c 4 b " sin 2)
8
"
#
'016
1 c cos 2)
2
'016
d)9
1 6
0
sin2 )
cos )
cos ) d)9
12
1
1 b 63 c 12 48
3 3 c 1
;
41 b 63 c 12
"
4
12
1
1 b 63 c 12 48
"
#
"
#
sin ) ) 1
6
'016 sin2 ) d)9
'016 d) b " '016 cos 2) d)9

4
1
6
c1
12
'012
u asin xb , du
"
c1 2
# asin xb dx
2 sin 1 x
1 c x2 dx,
12
1
1 b 63 c 12 48
"
#
b1
sinc1 " c 0 c
#
2
12
""
1 b 63 c 12 # #
x2
a2
x b 1
54.
A '0
; x tan ), dx sec# ) d), ax# b 1b
3
#
b1
x
#
9 c x
3
31
8
' cos ) d) sin ) b C tan ) cos ) b C
10bC y
53. A '0
dx
ax b 1 b
#
sec ) d)
sec )
#$
x# b 1, dy
y'
# dy
dx
3
x
' x dx 4 # tanc" # b C; x 2 and y 0
b
3 dx
x b4 ; y 3
3 tanc" x
#
#
1
C c 38 y
52. ax# b 1b
b C; x 5 and y ln 3 ln 3 ln 3 b C C 0
x c 9
3, dy
dy
dx
3 sec ) tan ) d)
3 tan )
51. ax# b 4b
y ln x b
3
x c 9
50. x# c 9
dy
dx
dv dx, v x
483
xasinc1 x dxb
6
1 b 63 c 12 :
1 2
c '0
1 2
2x sin 1 x
1 c x2 dx;
484
u sinc1 x, du
2
6
" sinc1 "
#
1 b 63 c 12 : #
c 0 b 21 c x2 sinc1 x
b 21 c " sinc1 " c 09 c 2x

#
#
56. V '0 1x tanc1 x dx 1'0 x tanc1 x dx

2
1 " x2 tanc1 x c
#
0
1 1 c
8
"
#
"
#
'01
x2
1 b x2
c '0
1 2
1 2
6
12
1 b 63 c 12 72
1 2
1
1 c x2 dx,
"
#
2 1 c x2
1 c x2 dx;
1
1 b x2 dx,
c 1
12 b 1213 c 72
121 b 63 c 12
1
"
1
'01 1 c 1 b x dx9 1 1 c # '01 1 c 1 b x dx9
8
2
x3 1 c x2 dx c 1 x2 a1 c x2 b
3
32
1
3
'
a1 c x2 b
32
x3 1 c x2 dx ' x2 1 c x2 x dx
c 1 a1 c x2 b
3
3 2
"
b 5 a1 c x2 b
(c) Trig substitution: x sin ),
1
#
52
c"
#
32
2x dx c 1 x2 a1 c x2 b
3
(b) Substitution: u 1 c x x 1 c u du c2x dx
'
13
6
1
"
"
"
"
'01 dx b " '01 1 b x dx9 1 1 b c # x b # tanc1 x1 9 1 1 b c # b # tanc1 1 b 0 c 0 1a14c 2b
#
8
8
'
"
dv x dx, v # x2
57. (a) Integration by parts: u x2 , du 2x dx, dv x 1 c x2 dx, v c 1 a1 c x2 b

3
'
v c21 c x2
2x
1 c x2 dx,
2
6
1
1 b 63 c 12 72
u tanc1 x, du
"
dx9 1 # tanc1 1 c 0 c
dv
c " du
#
32
2
15 a1
c x2 b
52
bC
x dx
"
' a1 c ub u du c " ' u c u32 du c 1 u32 b 5 u52 b C
#
3
bC
) 1 , dx cos ) d), 1 c x2 cos )

#
x3 1 c x2 dx ' sin3 ) cos ) cos ) d) ' sin2 ) cos2 ) sin ) d) ' a1 c cos2 )bcos2 ) sin ) d)
"
' cos2 ) sin ) d) c ' cos4 ) sin ) d) c 1 cos3 ) b 5 cos5 ) b C c 1 a1 c x2 b
3
3
32
"
b 5 a1 c x2 b
52
bC
58. (a) The slope of the line tangent to y faxb is given by f w axb. Consider the triangle whose hypotenuse is the 30 ft rope,
2
the length of the base is x and the height h 900 c x2 The slope of the tangent line is also c 900 c x , thus
x
900 c x2
.
x
900 c x2
c
dx
x
f w axb c
(b) faxb '

c'
30 cos )
30 sin ) 30 cos
x 30 sin ), 0 ) 1 , dx 30 cos ) d), 900 c x2 30 cos )

#
) d) c30'
cos2 )
sin )
d) c30'
30 lnlcsc ) b cot )l c 30 cos ) b C 30 ln 30 b

x
0 30 ln 30 b
30
900 c 302
30
1 c sin2 )
sin )
900 c x2
d) c30' csc ) d) b 30' sin ) d)

c 900 c x2 b C; fa30b 0
c 900 c 302 b C C faxb 30 ln 30 b

x
900 c x2
c 900 c x2
8.4 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS

5x c 13
(x c 3)(x c 2)
A
xc3
B
xc2
5x c 13 A(x c 2) b B(x c 3) (A b B)x c (2A b 3B)
AbB5
cB (10 c 13) B 3 A 2; thus,
2A b 3B 13 I
5x c 7
x c 3x b 2
#
2.
5x c 7
(x c 2)(x c 1)
A
xc2
B
xc1
5x c 13
(x c 3)(x c 2)
2
xc3
3
xc#
5x c 7 A(x c 1) b B(x c 2) (A b B)x c (A b 2B)
AbB5
B 2 A 3; thus,
A b 2B 7 I
5x c 7
x c 3x b 2
#
1.
3
xc2
2
xc1
Section 8.4 Integration of Rational Functions by Partial Fractions

#
2x b 2
x c 2x b 1
1
xb1
2x b 2
(x c 1)
3
(x b 1)
A
xc1
2x b 2 A(x c 1) b B Ax b (cA b B)
zb1
z (z c 1)
B
(x c 1)
2x b 2
x c 2x b 1
A 2 and B 4; thus,
2
xc1
4
(x c 1)
C
b z c 1 z b 1 Az(z c 1) b B(z c 1) b Cz# z b 1 (A b C)z# b (cA b B)z c B
AbC0
B
z
B
zb#
5t b 2
t c 5t b 6
(after long division);
5t b 2
t c 5t b 6
#
1b
5t b 2
(t c 3)(t c 2)
5t b 2 A(t c 2) b B(t c 3) (A b B)t b (c2A c 3B)
c9t b 9
t at b 9 b
#
2
zc1
A
tc3
zc3
c5
zb2
B
tc2
AbB5
cB (10 b 2) 12
c2A c 3B 2 I
c12
tc2
c9t b 9
t at b 9 b
#
1b
17
tc3
c9t b 9
t b 9t
1b
1b
t b9
t b 9t
8.
t b8
t c 5t b 6
#
B c12 A 17; thus,
z
z c z c 6z
$
t b8
t c 5t b 6
c"
z
1 A(z b 2) b B(z c 3) (A b B)z b (2A c 3B)
A
t
B
t
#
CtbD
t b9
#
#
A
zc3
c2
z
"
"
(z c 3)(z b 2)
"
AbB0
"
c5B 1 B c " A 5 ; thus,
5
2A c 3B 1 I
7.
"
z czc6
z
z c z c 6z
zb"
z (z c 1)
#
A
z
cA b B 1 B c1 A c2 C 2; thus,
cB 1
6.
A2
cA b B 2 I
5.
A1
A 1 and B 3;
A b B 4I
x b 4 A(x b 1) b B Ax b (A b B)
B
(x b 1)
xb4
(x b 1)
A
xb1
4.
xb4
(x b 1)
thus,
3.
c9t# b 9 At at# b 9b b B at b 9b b (Ct b D)t# (A b C)t$ b (B b D)t b 9At b 9B

AbC0
B b D c9
b9
10
A 0 C 0; B 1 D c10; thus, t t b 9t 1 b t" b t cb 9

9A 0
9B 9
%
A
1cx
dx
' 1cx
"
x b 2x
10.
"
#
A
x
1 A(1 b x) b B(1 c x); x 1 A
B
1bx
"
"
' 1 dx x b # ' 1 dx x # cln k1 b xk c ln k1 c xkd b C
c
b
1 A(x b 2) b Bx; x 0 A
B
xb2
"
"
"
' x dx 2x # ' dx c # ' x dx 2 # cln kxk c ln kx b 2kd b C
x
b
b
"
#
"
#
"
1cx
; x c1 B
9.
"
#
"
; x c2 B c # ;
#
#
dx
2
7
A
xc4
B
xc1
'
; x c6 A
5
7
c2
c7
2
7
c7 ; x 4 A
9
1
5
2
5
"
' x dx 6 b 7 ' x dx 1 7 ln kx b 6k b 7 ln kx c 1k b C 7 ln k(x b 6)# (x c 1)& k b C
b
c
B
xc3
dx 9 '
A
yc3
x b 4 A(x c 1) b B(x b 6); x 1 B
2x b 1 A(x c 3) b B(x c 4); x 3 B
dx
xc4
B
yb1
c 7'
dx
xc3
'4
dy
yb1
7
c1
9;
9 ln kx c 4k c 7 ln kx c 3k b C ln (x c 4) b C
(x c 3)
y A(y b 1) b B(y c 3); y c1 B
y dy
dy
"
3
y c 2y c 3 4 4 y c 3 b 4
"
"
ln 15
# ln 5 b # ln 3 #
#
'4
2x b 1
c 7x b 12
y
y c 2y c3
A
xb6
2x b 1
x c 7x b 12
'x
13.
xb4
b 5x c 6
12.
'x
xb4
x b 5x c 6
#
11.
3
< 4 ln ky c 3k b
"
4
c1
c4
"
4
;y3 A
3
ln ky b 1k % 4 ln 5 b
"
4
3
4
3
ln 9 c 4 ln 1 b
"
4
ln 5
485
1 A(t b 2)(t c 1) b Bt(t c 1) b Ct(t b 2); t 0 A c " ; t c2

#
"
16
;x2 C
"
16
x
x b 2x b 1
$
17.
5
16
ln kx b 2k b
3x b 2
(x b 1)
(x c 2) b
"
#
C
xc#
c 3 ln kxk b
8
ln kt c 1k b C
(x b 3) A(x b 2)(x c 2) b Bx(x c 2) b Cx(x b 2); x 0 A
;'
5
16
3
dx c 8 '
xb3
2x c 8x
ln kx c 2k b C
"
16
dx
x
"
16
5
' x dx 2 b 16 ' x dx 2
b
c
3x b 2
(x b 1)
A
xb1
Ax b (A b B) A 3, A b B 2 A 3, B c1; '0
dx
xb1
c '0
dx
(x b 1)
x c 2x b 3 ln kx b 1k b
#
" c 2 b 3 ln 2 b " c (1) 3 ln 2 c 2

#
#
3x c 2
(x c 1)
(x b 2) b
x
x c 2x b 1
3x c 2
(x c 1)
18.
A
xc1
"
4
dx
(x c 1)
C
(x b 1)
D
(x c 1)
"
4
;x1 D
x b 2x b 3 ln kx c 1k
#
"
c # c 2 b 3 ln 2 c
x c1 C
B
xc1
A
xb1
"
(c1)
b'
"
ax c 1 b
dx
xc1
19.
0 b 0 b 3 ln 1 c
"
(c#)
2 c 3 ln 2
1 A(x b 1)(x c 1)# b B(x c 1)(x b 1)# b C(x c 1)# b D(x b 1)# ;
; coefficient of x$ A b B A b B 0; constant A c B b C b D
"
#
; thus, A
"
4
"
Bc4;'
"
"
dx
' x dx 1 c 4 ' x dx 1 b 4 ' (x b 1)
b
c
"
4
dx
' (x c 1)
"
4
xb1
ln x c 1 c
B
xb1
Cc";x1 A
2
1
(x b 1) ax b 1b
#
21.
"
4
C
(x b 1)
A
xb1
Bx b C
x b1
x
2 ax c 1b
bC
x# A(x b 1)# b B(x c 1)(x b 1) b C(x c 1); x c1
; coefficient of x# A b B A b B 1 B
3
"
dx
' x dx 1 b 4 ' x dx 1 c 2 ' (x b 1)
c
b
"
4
A
xc1
x
(x c 1) ax b 2x b 1b
20.
dx
ax c 1 b
"
4
3x c 2 A(x c 1) b B
x dx
x c 2x b 1
!
"
c x c 1
c"
AcBbCbD1 AcB
3x b 2 A(x b 1) b B
"
"
x b 1!
B
(x c 1)
Ax b (cA b B) A 3, cA b B c2 A 3, B 1; '
' 1 (x b 2) dx b 3 '
"
4
ln kx c 1k b
3
4
ln kx b 1k b
"
#(x b 1)
bC
"
#
1 A ax# b 1b b (Bx b C)(x b 1); x c1 A
b
"
"
"
"
'01 x dx 1 b # '01 (cx b 11) dx < # ln kx b 1k c 4 ln ax# b 1b b # tanc" x "
b
x
!
3t b t b 4
t bt
A
t
Bt b C
t b1
#
ln 2 b
"
#
"
tanc" 1 c # ln 1 c
"
4
ln 1 b
"
#
tanc" 0
"
4
"
ln 2 b # 1
4
x dx
(x c 1) ax b 2x b 1b
"
#
A b B A b B 3 B c1; coefficient of t C C 1; '1
3t b t b 4
t b1
"
2(x b 1)
; coefficient of x#
; '0
dx
(x b 1) ax b 1b
(1 b 2 ln 2)
8
3t# b t b 4 A at# b 1b b (Bt b C)t; t 0 A 4; coefficient of t#

#
"
4
" ln 2 c
#
22.
;'
"
2
3
4
ln k(x c 1)(x b 1) k
4
A b B A b B 0 B c 1 ; constant A b C A b C 1 C
2
; x c2
x dx
x b 2x b 1
B
(x b 1)
'0 (x c 2) dx b 3 '0
3
c8
ln (x c 2)x (x b 2) b C
dt
A
x
dt
"
dt
' tb2 b 3 ' tc1
B
xb2
16.
"
3
"
6
xb3
2x c 8x
ln kt b 2k b
dt
t
"
6
"
c#'
dt
t bt c2t
c " ln ktk b
#
;'
"
3
;t1 C
C
tc1
1
6
c 3 ln 3
#
27
4
"
#
B
tb2
16 ln
A
t
"
8
ln 27
8
27
8
c4 ln kyk c 3 ln ky b 1kd " (4 ln 1 c 3 ln 2) c 4 ln

"#
'
b ln
dy
yb1
"
t bt c2t
"
16
dy
y
c3 ;
3
c1
&
15.
c ln
c 3 '1 2
1
"
8
y b 4 A(y b 1) b By; y 0 A 4; y c1 B
B
yb1
dy 4 '1 2
yb4
y by
ln
'1 2
1
A
y
yb4
y by
#
14.
486
bC

b '1
"
#
4 ln 3 c
"
#
2 ln 3 c
y b 2y b 1
ay b 1 b
$
1
1#
ln 2 b
Ay b B
y b1
(ct b 1)
t b1
dt <4 ln ktk c
"
2
ln at# b 1b b tanc" t "
ln 4 b tanc" 3 c 4 ln 1 c
23.
9
ln 2 b
Cy b D
ay b 1 b
dt
t
"
#
ln 2 b tanc" 1 2 ln 3 c ln 2 b
1
3
"
#
ln 2 c
1
4
1
1#
y# b 2y b 1 (Ay b B) ay# b 1b b Cy b D
4 '1
487
Ay b By# b (A b C)y b (B b D) A 0, B 1; A b C 2 C 2; B b D 1 D 0;
Cx b D
a4x b 1b
"
y b1
dy tanc" y c
bC
8x# b 8x b 2 (Ax b B) a4x# b 1b b Cx b D
Ax b B
4x b 1
y
ay b 1 b
#
8x b 8x b 2
a4x b 1b
$
dy b 2 '
"
y b1
24.
dy '
b 2y b 1
ay b 1 b
'y
4Ax b 4Bx# b (A b C)x b (B b D); A 0, B 2; A b C 8 C 8; B b D 2 D 0;
C
sc1
#
D
(s c 1)
x dx
a4x b 1b
tanc" 2x c
E
(s c 1)
#
As b B
s b1
$
2s b 2
as b 1b (s c 1)
b 8'
25.
dx
4x b 1
dx 2 '
b 8x b 2
a4x b 1b
"
4x b 1
#
' 8x
bC
2s b 2
(As b B)(s c 1) b C as b 1b (s c 1) b D as# b 1b (s c 1) b E as# b 1b

cAs% b (c3A b B)s$ b (3A c 3B)s# b (cA b 3B)s c Bd b C as% c 2s$ b 2s# c 2s b 1b b D as$ c s# b s c 1b
b E as# b 1b
(A b C)s% b (c3A b B c 2C b D)s$ b (3A c 3B b 2C c D b E)s# b (cA b 3B c 2C b D)s b (cB b C c D b E)
b C
0
A
c3A b B c 2C b D
0
3A c 3B b 2C c D b E 0
summing all equations 2E 4 E 2;
cA b 3B c 2C b D
2
cBb CcDbE2
summing eqs (2) and (3) c2B b 2 0 B 1; summing eqs (3) and (4) 2A b 2 2 A 0; C 0
from eq (1); then c1 b 0 c D b 2 2 from eq (5) D c1;
Bs b C
s b9
ds
(s c 1)
b 2'
ds
(s c 1)
c(s c 1)c# b (s c 1)c" b tanc" s b C

#
Ds b E
as b 9 b
%
c'
s% b 81 A as# b 9b b (Bs b C)s as# b 9b b (Ds b E)s
A
s
ds
s b1
#
s b 81
s as b 9 b
ds '
26.
2s b 2
b 1b (s c 1)
' as
A as% b 18s# b 81b b aBs b Cs$ b 9Bs# b 9Csb b Ds# b Es

(A b B)s% b Cs$ b (18A b 9B b D)s# b (9C b E)s b 81A 81A 81 or A 1; A b B 1 B 0;
A
xc1
x2 c x b 2
x3 c 1
ds
s
c 18 '
s ds
as b 9 b
bC
Bx b C
x2 b x b 1
x2 c x b 2 Aax2 b x b 1b b aBx b Cbax c 1b aA b Bbx2 b aA c B b Cbx b aA c Cb
A b B 1 A c B b C c1, A c C 2 adding eq(2) and eq(3) 2A c B 1, add this equation to eq(1)
2
3
2
3
1
' x c 1 dx b 1 '
3
2
3
1
' x c 1 dx b 1 '
3
B1cA
xc4
dx
2
xb b 3
4
uc 9
2
u2 b 3
4
du
2
3
1
3
C c1 c A b B c 4 ; '
3
u x b
"
#
uc
1
1
' x c 1 dx b 3 ' u u
b
2
2 lnlx c 1l b 1 lnx b " b 3 c
3
6
#
4
3
4
"
#
x2 c x b 2
x3 c 1 dx
' x2c31 b
a13bx c 43
x2 b x b 1 dx
x du dx
du c
3
c1 x b
3 tan 32
#
"
3A 2 A
#
"
27.
9
as b 9 b
ds '
ln ksk b
s b81
s as b 9 b
C 0; 9C b E 0 E 0; 18A b 9B b D 0 D c18; '
3
2
'u1
b
2
3
4
du
b C 2 lnlx c 1l b 1 lnlx2 b x b 1l c 3tanc1 2x b 1 b C

3
3
6
488
28.

1
x4 b x
A
x
B
xb1
Cx b D
x2 c x b 1
1 Aax b 1bax2 c x b 1b b B xax2 c x b 1b b aC x b Dbxax b 1b
aA b B b Cbx3 b acB b C b Dbx2 b aB b Dbx b A A 1, B b D 0 D cB, cB b C b D 0

c2B b C 0 C 2B, A b B b C 0 1 b B b 2B 0 B c 1 C c 2 D 1 ;
3
3
3
3 xb1
1
1
' x 1 x dx ' a 1 c x1b31 b acx2cbx b 13 bdx ' 1 dx c 1 ' x b 1 dx c 1 ' x 2x cb 1 dx
x
x
3
3
b
cx
4
lnlxl c
29.
x2
x4 c 1
1
3 lnlx
A
xb1
b 1l c
b
B
xc1
3
1
2
3 lnlx
Cx b D
x2 b 1
c x b 1l b C
x2 Aax c 1bax2 b 1b b Bax b 1bax2 b 1b+aCx b Dbax c 1bax b 1b
aA b B b Cbx b acA b B b Dbx2 b aA b B c Cbx c A b B c D A b B b C 0, cA b B b D 1,

A b B c C 0, cA b B c D 0 adding eq(1) to eq (3) gives 2A b 2B 0, adding eq(2) to eq(4) gives
c2A b 2B 1, adding these two equations gives 4B 1 B 1 , using 2A b 2B 0 A c 1 , using
4
4
cA b B c D 0 D 1 , and using A b B c C 0 C 0; '
2
30.
c1
4
'
x2 b x
x4 c 3x2 c 4
1
x b 1 dx
A
xc2
1
4
'
1
x c 1 dx
Cx b D
x2 b 1
B
xb2
1
2
'
1
x2 b 1 dx
1
c 4 lnlx
1
4 lnlx
b 1l b
x2
x4 c 1 dx
c 1l b
1 4
' a cb1 b
x
1
c1
2 tan x
bC
14
xc1
12
x2 b 1
1
xc1
4 ln x b 1
bdx
1
b 2 tanc1 x b C
x2 b x Aax b 2bax2 b 1b b Bax c 2bax2 b 1b+aCx b Dbax c 2bax b 2b
aA b B b Cbx3 b a2A c 2B b Dbx2 b aA b B c 4Cbx b 2A c 2B c 4D A b B b C 0, 2A c 2B b D 1,

A b B c 4C 1, 2A c 2B c 4D 0 subtractin eq(1) from eq (3) gives c5C 1 C c 1 , subtacting eq(2) from
5
eq(4) gives c5D c1 D 1 , substituting for C in eq(1) gives A b B 1 , and substituting for D in eq(4) gives
5
5
x2 b x
x4 c 3x2 c 4 dx
c 2l c
2) b 5) b 8) b 4
a) b 2 ) b 2 b
$
#
31.
1
10 lnlx
b 2l c
A) b B
) b #) b 2
110
xb2
1
2
10 lnlx
a c 1 5 b x b 1 5
dx
x2 b 1
b 1l b
C) b D
a) b 2 ) b 2 b
3
10 lnlx
3
' x 10 c
c2
'
A c B 2 , adding this equation to the previous equatin gives 2A

5
4
5
1
c1
5 tan x
3
10
3
5
3
10
1
B c 10 ;
1
1
1
1
' x c 2 dx c 10 ' x b 2 dx c 1 ' x x 1 dx b 5 ' x 1 1 dx
5
b
b
2
bC
2)$ b 5)# b 8) b 4 (A) b B) a)# b 2) b 2b b C) b D
2A c 2B
A) b (2A b B))# b (2A b 2B b C)) b (2B b D) A 2; 2A b B 5 B 1; 2A b 2B b C 8 C 2;
E) b F
a) b 1 b
#
C) b D
a) b 1 b
c'
d)
() b 1) b 1
d)
c
"
) b 2) b #
() b 1) b C
) % c 4) $ b 2 ) # c 3 ) b 1
A) b B
) b1
d a) b 2 ) b 2 b
) b 2) b #
#
b ln a)# b 2) b 2b c tan
) c 4) b 2) c 3) b 1
a) b 1 b
'
d a) b 2 ) b 2 b
a) b 2 ) b 2 b
c"
b'
2) b 2
a) b 2 ) b 2 b
d)
) b 2) b #
d) c '
d) b '
2) b 1
a) b 2 ) b 2 b
#
c"
) b 2) b #
32.
2) b 2
) b 2) b 2
d) '
'
2) b 5) b 8) b 4
a) b 2 ) b 2 b
2B b D 4 D 2; '
(A) b B) a)# b 1b b (C) b D) a)# b 1b b E) b F (A) b B) a)% b 2)# b 1b b aC)$ b D)# b C) b Db b E) b F

aA)& b B)% b 2A)$ b 2B)# b A) b Bb b aC)$ b D)# b C) b Db b E) b F
A)& b B)% b (2A b C))$ b (2B b D))# b (A b C b E)) b (B b D b F) A 0; B 1; 2A b C c4
C c4; 2B b D 2 D 0; A b C b E c3 E 1; B b D b F 1 F 0;
"
3
x$ b x c
"
#
ax# b 1b b
ln kx b 1k b
"
#
"
x(x c 1)
' 2x dx c '
x c1 A c " ; x 1 B
#
dx
x
"
(x b 1)(x c 1)
"
#
;'
ln kx c 1k b
A
x
) d)
a) b 1 b
b'
;
B
xc1
dx
xc1
tanc" ) b 2 a)# b 1b
c " a)# b 1b
4
c#
bC
1 A(x c 1) b Bx; x 0 A c1;
"
(x b 1)(x c 1)
'
c"
x# c ln kxk b ln kx c 1k b C x# b ln x c 1 b C
x
x
ax#
x c 1 dx
"
C x b x b # ln
3
#
"
x c1
"
x(x c 1)
b'
ax# b 1b b
2x c 2x b 1
x cx
#
x
x c1
34.
2x b
) d)
a) b 1 b
x 1 B 1; '
"
x cx
c 4'
2x b
d)
) b1
2x c 2x b 1
x cx
d) '
33.
c 4) b 2) c 3) b 1
a) b 1 b
')
A
xb1
b 1b dx c
B
xc1
"
#
1 A(x c 1) b B(x b 1);
"
' x dx 1 b # ' x dx 1
b
c
xc1
x b 1 b C

9x c 3x b "
x (x c 1)
9x c 3x b 1
x (x c 1)
#
9b
9x c 3x b 1
x cx
#
A
x
B
x
35.
489
C
xc1
9x c 3x b 1 Ax(x c 1) b B(x c 1) b Cx ; x 1 C 7; x 0 B c1; A b C 9 A 2;
3x
"
' 9x xcc x b 1 dx ' 9 dx b 2 ' dx c ' dx b 7 ' xdx1 9x b 2 ln kxk b x b 7 ln kx c 1k b C
x
x
c
$
"
y ay b 1 b
A
y
"
y ay b 1 b
By b C
y b1
dx
2x c 1
c"
4x b 3 ln k2x c 1k c (2x c 1)
y by c1
y by
%
b 2'
dx
(2x c 1)
b C, where C 2 b C"
dy ' y dy c '
b'
dy
y
y dy
y b1
ln a1 b y# b b C
2
y cy byc1
2
y cy byc1
#
2y b 2 b
2y
y cy byc1
"
#
dx 4 ' (x b 1) dx b 6 '
2
ay b 1b (y c 1)
#
#
38.
c ln kyk b
y
#
12x c 4 A(2x c 1) b B
1 A ay# b 1b b (By b C)y (A b B)y# b Cy b A
7 A 1; A b B 0 B c1; C 0; '
B
(2x c 1)
A
yc1
By b C
y b1
#
yc
y by c1
y by
"
2x c 1
16x
4x c 4x b 1
C" 2x# b
37.
A
2x c 1
A 6; cA b B c4 B 2; '
2(x b 1)# b 3 ln k2x c 1k c
12x c 4
(2x c 1)
12x c 4
4x c 4x b 1
(4x b 4) b
16x
4x c 4x b 1
36.
2 A ay# b 1b b (By b C)(y c 1) aAy b Ab b aBy b Cy c By c Cb (A b B)y# b (cB b C)y b (A c C)

A b B 0, cB b C 0 or C B, A c C A c B 2 A 1, B c1, C c1;
"
#
c'
dy
yb2
y et
dy et dt
ln ay# b 1b c tanc" y b C
"
2
e2t b
"
#
"
3
c'
dy
y byc2
#
yb1
e b1
ln y b 2 b C ln et b # b C
t
'y
b 2y c 1
y b1
dy ' y b
't
"
3
dy
btc6
"
5
dy
y2
2
b'
y
y b1
dy c '
"
"
c
' t c 2 c t b 3 dt " ln tt b 2 b C
5
3
"
' y dy 2 c 3 '
b
dy
yc1
"c
"c
"
3
yb2
ln y c 1 b C
"
3
cos b 2
ln cos ) c 1 b C
)
c 3 ln kx c 2k b
6
xc2
bC
#
"c
"c
"c
'
1
1
dx xax c 1b dx Let u x du
c x
2
A
B
u2 c 1 u b 1 b u c 1 2 Aau c 1b b Bau b 1b
1
dx
2 x
b 9x
(3x)
x
' (x b 1)9xtan 1b(3x)b 1) b x dx ' tan b 1 dx b ' (x b 1) dx
a
b (x
9x
dx
" ' tanc" (3x) d atanc" (3x)b b ' x dx 1 c ' (x b 1) atan 6 3xb
3
b
3 2
2b
c
ln 1 c cos ) b C c " ln cos ) b 1 b C
cos )
3
cos ) 2
tan (2x)
(2x)
x
' (x c 2)a4x b 1b (x c 12x c 3x dx ' tan b 1 dx c 3 ' (x c 2) dx
c 2)
4x
dx
" ' tanc" (2x) d atanc" (2x)b c 3' x dx 2 c 6 ' (x c 2) atan 4 2xb
#
c
'x
yc1
y b 1
ln ae2t b 1b c tanc" aet b b C
#
"c
45.
ln ay# b 1b c tanc" y b C,
44.
"
#
sin y
ln sin y c 2 b C
b3
"
5
' cos )sin ) d)) c 2 ; ccos ) yd

b cos
43.
e3t b 2et c 1 t
e2t b 1 e dt;
dy
yb1
' sin ycos y dyy c 6 ; [sin y t, cos y dy dt]

b sin
42.
y2
2
dt '
41.
b 2e2t c et
e2t b 1
4t
'
dy
y b 3y b 2
'e
cet yd'
ln ay# b 1b c tanc" y b C" y# b 2y b ln ky c 1k c
40.
et dt
b 3et b 2
2t
dy
y b1
'e
dy c '
y
y b1
39.
c'
where C C" b 1
"
#
(y b 1) b ln ky c 1k c
dy
yc1
b ln kx b 1k b
2 du
1
x dx
1
xb1
'
bC
2
u2 c 1 du;
aA b Bbu c A b B A b B 0, cA b B 2
dy
y b1
#
dy 2 ' (y b 1) dy b '
2y
cy byc1
#
'y
490

B 1 A c1; '
2
u2 c 1 du
' a uc11 b
b
1
uc1
1
1
bdu c' u b 1 du b ' u c 1 du clnlu b 1l b lnlu c 1l b C
x c 1
ln x b 1 b C
' ax
1 3
46.
Let x u6 dx 6u5 du '
1
dx
c 1 b x
6' du b '
6
6
u2 c 1 du; u2 c 1
A
ub1
B
uc1
1
5
au2 c 1bu3 6u du
'
6u2
u2 c 1 du
' a6 b
6
u2 c 1
b du
6 Aau c 1b b Bau b 1b aA b Bbu c A b B A b B 0,
cA b B 6 B 3 A c3; 6' du b '
6u b ' a uc31 b
b
6
u2 c 1 du
3
uc1
1
1
bdu 6u c 3' u b 1 du b 3' u c 1 du
6u c 3 lnlu b 1l b 3 lnlu c 1l b C 6x16 b 3 ln x1 6 c 1 b C

x b1
1 6
47.
' xxb 1 dx Let x b 1 u2 dx

2' du b '
2
2
u2 c 1 du; u2 c 1
2u du '
b
A
ub1
B
uc1
u
u2 c 1
2u du '
2u2
u2 c 1
du ' a2 b
2
u2 c 1
b du
2 Aau c 1b b Bau b 1b aA b Bbu c A b B A b B 0,
cA b B 2 B 1 A c1; 2' du b '
2
u2 c 1 du
2u b ' a uc"1 b
b
"
uc1
1
1
bdu 2u c ' u b 1 du b ' u c 1 du
2u c lnlu b 1l b lnlu c 1l b C 2x b 1 b ln x b 1 c 1 b C
xb1b1
48.
1
' xx b 9 dx Let x b 9 u2 dx
2u du '
2u du '
1
au 2 c 9 b u
2
u2 c 9
du;
2
u2 c 9
A
uc3
2 Aau b 3b b Bau c 3b aA b Bbu b 3A c 3B A b B 0, 3A c 3B 2 A
'u29
c
2
49.
du ' a u1c33 c
13
ub3
1
1
b du 3 ' u c 3
du c
' xax 1b 1b dx ' x axx b 1b dx Let u x4 du

3
1
3
1
' ub3
50.
1
4
B c1;
3
4x3 dx
1
4
1
3
ln x b 9 c 3 b C
xb9b3
B
' uau 1b 1b du; uau 1b 1b A b u b 1
u
1
4
1
1
"
' uau 1b 1b du 4 ' a u c u b 1 bdu
1
1
' 1 du c 1 ' u b 1 du 4 lnlul c 1 lnlu b 1l b C 1 ln x xb1 b C
u
4
4
4
4
' x ax 1b 4b dx ' x
6
1
3
B
ub3
1
1
du 3 lnlu c 3l c 3 lnlu b 3l b C
1 Aau b 1b b Bu aA b Bbu b A A 1 B c1;
x4
10 ax5
b 4b dx
Let u x5 du 5x4 dx
1
5
' u au1b 4b du; u au1b 4b A b uB

u
2
C
ub4
1 Auau b 4b b Bau b 4b b Cu2 aA b Cbu2 b a4A b Bbu b 4B A b C 0, 4A b B 0, 4B 1 B

1
A c 16 C
dx
dt
1
5
80 lnlx
b 4l b C
1
x5 b 4
80 ln x5
1
20x5
bC
dt
dt
c
c
' t c 2 c ' t c 1 ln tt c 2 b C; tt c 2 Cex ; t 3 and x 0
1
1
" ex x ln 2 tt c 2 ln kt c 2k c ln kt c 1k b ln 2
#
c1
23; x 23'
dt
3t b 4t b 1
%
52. a3t% b 4t# b 1b
tc2
tc1
1
20x5
dt
t c 3t b 2
1; x '
1
b 4l b C c 80 lnlx5 l c
3'
3 tanc" 3t c 3 tanc" t b C; t 1 and x
c1 3
4
dt
t b
#
"
#
1
80 lnlu
"
dx
dt
c 3'
31
4
dt
t b1
#
51. at# c 3t b 2b
1
20u
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
' u au1b 4b du 5 ' c 1u16 b 1u4 b u b16 du c 80 ' u du b 20 ' u1 du b 80 ' u b 4 du
4
1
c 80 lnlul c
1 1
16 ; 5
1c
3
4
1 b C C c1
x 3 tanc" 3t c 3 tanc" t c 1
1
4
Section 8.5 Integral Tables and Computer Algebra Systems

dx
dt
2x b 2;
' x dx 1 ' t
b
"
#
"
3
t 1 and x 1 ln 2 ln
x
ln kx b 1k
"
#
'
"
c#'
dt
t
dt
tb2
c 1, t 0
dt
' x dx 1 ' t b 1
b
x# b 1
dx
dt
dt
b 2t
tanc" x ln kt b 1k b C; t 0 and x 0 tanc" 0 ln k1k b C
54. (t b 1)
6t
tb#
"
#
t
ln kx b 1k ln t b # b C;
t
6t
b C C ln 2 b ln 3 ln 6 ln kx b 1k ln 6 t b 2 x b 1 t b #
#
53. at# b 2tb
491
C tanc" 0 0 tanc" x ln kt b 1k x tan (ln (t b 1)), t c1

#&
"
"
x
dx 31 '0 5 c x c 3 b x dx <31 ln x c 3 !& 31 ln 25
9
3x c x
&#
55. V 1 '0 5 y# dx 1 '0 5

&#
&#
56. V 21 '0 xy dx 21'0
'1
1
<c 43 aln kx b 1k b 2
2x
"
(x b 1)(2 c x) dx 41 0 c 3
"
1
ln k2 c xkb ! 43 (ln 2)
57. A '0 tanc" x dx cx tanc" xd 0 c '0
x
1bx
dx
c ln 2;
"
A
1 c < " ax c tanc" xb 0

#
#
"
A
1 c
#
"
A
"
A
'3
dx
dt
kx(N c x) '
x a4x b 13x c 9b
x b 2x c 3x
"
250 ,
3
#
1
23 c
dx 3'3
59. (a)
4x b 13x c 9
x b 2x c 3x
#
b 1
6
dx
dx9
dx
x
"
A
c '3
1.10
dx
xb3
b 2'3
c4xd $ b 3 '3
&
dx
x(N c x)
N 500 500
k(a c x)(b c x)
(a) a b:
dx
' (a c x)
"
acx
(b) a b:
dx
dt
"
#
499x
4t
1000 c x e
4t
1000e
499 b e4t 500
dx
(a c x)(bcx)
' k dt
akt b "
a
dx
' (a c x)(b c x) ' k dt
t 0 and x 0
ln
b
a
b 2 '3
dx
x c 1
"
A
"
' dx b N ' Ndx x ' k dt
x
c
2
ln 998 C
"
1000
"
N
x
ln 1000 c x
t
250
"
1000
'
dx
x x c 3
2
3
"
ln 499
499x e4t (1000 c x) a499 b e4t b x 1000e4t x

499 b 500e4t 1000e4t e4t 499 t
kt b C; t 0 and x 0
a
akt b 1
"
b ca
xac
a
akt b 1
"
a
"
4
cx
bcx
a
"
acx
kt b
(b c a)kt b
ln b
a
"
a
"
bcx
bca ln a c x kt
bcx
b bcakt
acx a e
tanc" x c 3 b C
3
(We used FORMULA 13(a) with a 1, b 3)
1000e4t
499 b e4t
ln 499 1.55 days
a kt
akt b 1
"
' a dxx c b c a ' b dxx ' k dt
c
c
C ln
x
ln N c x kt b C;
8.5 INTEGRAL TABLES AND COMPUTER ALGEBRA SYSTEMS

1.
125
9
(8 b 11 ln 2 c 3 ln 6) 3.90
c
c
ab <1 c e b a kt
a c be b a kt
"
bca
c3 ln kxk c ln kx b 3k b 2 ln kx c 1kd & ln

$
k dt
"
a cx
acx
"
N
"
1000
499x
ln 1000 c x 4t
(b) x
dx
xb3
' k dt
N 1000, t 0 and x 2
dx
xc1
58. A '3
3
#
x
1bx
#
3
" #
c"
< # x tan x 0 c
"
A
"
#
'0
60.
"
"
x b 1 b 2 2 c x dx
3
x tanc" x dx
'0
"
A
c < " ln ax# b 1b 0

#
3
13
3
13
3
b C;
492
2.
"
' xdxb4
x
x 4
4
ln x b 4 c 4 b C
b b
"
#
ln x b 4 c 2 b C
xb4b2
(We used FORMULA 13(b) with a 1, b 4)
' x dx
'
xc2
x c 2
2
1
b 2'
(x c 2) dx
x c 2
2
b 2 1
dx
x c 2
x c 2
"
3.
' x c 2 dx b 2 ' x c 2
"
c"
dx
c
x c 2 2(x 3 2) b 4 b C
(We used FORMULA 11 with a 1, b c2, n 1 and a 1, b c2, n c1)

dx
' (2x b 3) dx c 3 ' (2x b 3)
#
(2x b 3)
"
#
dx
' 2x b 3 c 3 '
#
dx
2x b 3
#$
#$
#$
' 2x b 3c" dx c 3 ' 2x b 3c$ dx " 2 2x1b 3

#
#
#
"
#
"
#2x b 3
(xb3)
2x b 3
(2x b 3 b 3) b C
"
"
#
' (2xxbdx
3)
c 3 2
#
#
2x b 3
(c1)
"c
4.
bC
bC
(We used FORMULA 11 with a 2, b 3, n c1 and a 2, b 3, n c3)
' x2x c 3 dx " ' (2x c 3)2x c 3 dx b 3 ' 2x c 3 dx " ' 2x c 3$ dx b 3 ' 2x c 3" dx
#
#
#
#
&
b 3 2
#
#
2x c 3
2x c 3
bC
(2x c 3)
#
#$
" 2
#
#
c
< 2x 5 3 b 1 b C
(2x c 3)
#$
5.
(x b 1)
bC
(We used FORMULA 11 with a 2, b c3, n 3 and a 2, b c3, n 1)
"
' x(7x b 5)$# dx " ' (7x b 5)(7x b 5)$# dx c 5 ' (7x b 5)$# dx 7 ' 7x b 5& dx c 5 ' 7x b 5$ dx
7
7
7
(
7x b 5
7
c 5 2
7
7
7x b 5
5
&
" 2
7
7
b C (7x b 5) 2(7x7b 5) c 2 b C
49
#&
6.
(7x b 5) 14x7c 4 b C
49
#&
(We used FORMULA 11 with a 7, b 5, n 5 and a 7, b 5, n 3)
' 9xc 4x dx c 9xc 4x b (c#4) '

#
7.
dx
x9 c 4x
bC
(We used FORMULA 14 with a c4, b 9)

c
9 c 4x
x
9 4x
9
"
c 2 9 ln 9 c 4x c 9 b C
c b
(We used FORMULA 13(b) with a c4, b 9)
'
dx
x 4x c 9
#
8.
c9 c 4x
x
2
3
9 4x 3
ln 9 c 4x c 3 b C
c b
4x c 9
(c9)x
4
18
'
dx
x4x c 9
bC
(We used FORMULA 15 with a 4, b c9)
4x c 9
9x
c
2
b 2 9 tanc" 4x 9 9 b C
9

c
tanc" 4x 9 9 b C
x4x c x# dx ' x2 2x c x# dx
(x b 2)(2x c 6)4x c x
6
4
27
b 4 sinc" x c 2 b C
#
(We used FORMULA 51 with a 2)
(x b 2)(2x c 32)22x c x
b 2 sinc" x c 2 b
6
#
#
(x b 2)(x c 3)4x c x
c" x c 2
b 4 sin
bC
#
3
'
9.
4x c 9
9x

2 x c x
dx '
dx 2 " x c x# b
#
#
"
"
#
sinc"
xc
#
"
' xxc x
We used FORMULA 52 with a "

#
dx
x7 b x
'
"
c 7
dx
x 7 b x
'
bx
"
#
b C x c x# b
sinc" (2x c 1) b C
7 b 7 b x
"
bC
b C c 7 ln
x
11.
7 b 7
ln
x
#
"
10.
We used FORMULA 26 with a 7
dx
x7 c x
'
"
c 7
dx
x 7 c x
7 b 7 c x
"
bC
b C c 7 ln
x
'
cx
12.
7 b 7
ln
x

#
2 c x
x
dx 2# c x# c 2 ln 2 b
2 c x
x
#
dx '
' 4xc x
b C 4 c x# c 2 ln 2 b
4 c x
x
13.
bC
(We used FORMULA 31 with a #)
' xx c 4 dx ' x xc 2
14.
x
dx x# c 2# c 2 secc" # b C x# c 4 c 2 secc" x b C
#
(We used FORMULA 42 with a #)
' e2t cos 3t dt 2 eb 3

2t
15.
(2 cos 3t b 3 sin 3t) b C
e2t
13
(2 cos 3t b 3 sin 3t) b C
(We used FORMULA 108 with a 2, b 3)

e 3t
(c3) b 4
sin 4t dt
c
#
3t
'e
e 3t
25
(c3 sin 4t c 4 cos 4t) b C
16.
(c$ sin 4t c 4 cos 4t) b C
(We used FORMULA 107 with a c3, b 4)

x
'
(We used FORMULA 100 with a 1, n 1)

x cosc" x b " " sinc" x c " " x1 c x# b C
#
1 1
x
#
"
1 b1
cosc" x b
dx
1cx
x1 1
1b1
cosc" x b
x
#
x" cosc" x dx
cosc" x b
"
4
"
#
' x
dx
1cx
#
' x cosc" x dx '
17.
"
sinc" x c 4 x1 c x# b C

"
1b1
' 1 x a"bdxx
b
1 1
tanc" a"xb c
# #
x1 1
1b1
x
#
x" tanc" a"xb dx
tanc" x c
"
#
' 1xbdx
x
#
' x tanc" x dx '

x
#
"
' " c 1 b x dx (after long division)
"
"
"
"
tanc" x c " ' dx b " ' 1 b x dx x tanc" x c # x b # tanc" x b C # aax# b "btanc" x c xb b C
#
#
#
tanc" x c
"
#
#
#
2 1
dx
2 1
x
3
tanc" x c
(We used FORMULA 101 with a 1, n 2);

tanc" x c
x
6
x
3
"
6
x dx
1bx
dx ' x dx c '
x
' 1bx
x
#
"
#
ln a1 b x# b b C
"
3
x
' 1bx
"
' x# tanc" x dx 2xb 1 tanc" x c 2 b 1 ' 1xb x
19.
x
#
18.
dx
' x# tanc" x dx
ln a1 b x# b b C
493
b c
#
"c
c'
dx
x
x dx
1 bx
"c
tan x
x
'
dx
x a1 b x b
ln kxk c
"
dx c x tanc" x b ln kxk c
"
#
"
#
'
dx
2 1
(We used FORMULA 101 with a 1, n c2);

"c
x dx
1 bx
'
21.
x
' 1bx
"
(c2 b 1)
tanc" x c
x 2 1
(c2 b 1)
b c
'
dx ' xc# tanc" x dx
tan x
x
tanc" x b '
"c
'
x
(c1)
"c
20.

x
a1 b x b
494
dx
ln a1 b x# b b C
ln a1 b x# b b C
' sin 3x cos 2x dx c cos 5x c cos x b C

10
#
22.
' sin 2x cos 3x dx c cos 5x b cos x b C

10
#
8 sin 4t sin
t
#
dx
8
7
sin 7t c
#
8
9
sin 9t b C 8
#
sin 7t
7
'
sin 9t
9
23.
bC
(We used FORMULA 62(b) with a 4, b " )

#
24.
' sin 3t sin 6t dt 3 sin 6t c sin #t b C
"
(We used FORMULA 62(b) with a " , b 6 )
3
25.
)
)
)
6
7)
' cos 3 cos 4 d) 6 sin 12 b 7 sin 1# b C
"
(We used FORMULA 62(c) with a " , b 4 )
3
x
2 a1 b x b
dx
ax b 1 b
"
c"
# tan
#
b'
b 1b b
x dx
x b1
"
#
b
' d axx b 11b b '
#
dx '
bxb1
ax b 1 b
" lnax#
#
15
bC
b 7)
dx
ax b 1 b
#
'x
sin 15
27.
(We used FORMULA 62(c) with a
"
2,
)
"
1
' cos 2 cos 7) d) 13 sin 13) b 15 sin 15) b C sin
2
#
13
13
26.
xbC
(For the second integral we used FORMULA 17 with a 1)
x
2 3 3 b x 9
b 3'
dx
x b 3
"
2 3
'
d ax b 3 b
ax b 3 b
x
tanc" 3
c 3'
dx
x b 3
#
3 dx
ax b 3 b
#
c3
c'
3
ax b 3 b
6x dx
ax b 3 b
x
tanc" 3 c
b'
"
3
dx
x b3
dx '
x b 6x
ax b 3 b
'
# #
28.
bC
For the first integral we used FORMULA 16 with a 3; for the third integral we used FORMULA 17 with
a 3
c
x
2 ax b 3 b
bC
u x
u1 1
2 ' u" sinc" u du 2 1b1 sinc" u c
x u#
dx 2u du
"
1 b1
' u
1 1
sinc" x dx;
3
x b3
1cu
'
x
tanc" 3 c
29.
"
2 3
du

u du
1 c u
#
u# sinc" u c '

u# sinc" u c " sinc" u c " u1 c u# b C u# c " sinc" u b " u1 c u# b C
#
#
#
#
x c " sinc" x b " x c x# b C
#
#
1cu
' u2u
"
2u du 2' cosc" u du 2 u cosc" u c 1 1 c u# b C
du 2 '
u
1 c u
#
"c
u x
31.
dx;
x u#
1cx
dx 2u du
sinc" u c u1 c u# b C
' x
u x
' cosu
x u#
dx 2u du
2 x cosc" x c 1 c x b C
' cosxx dx;
"c
30.
du 2 " sinc" u c " u1 c u# b C

#
#

sinc" x c x 1 c x b C sinc" x c x c x# b C
u x
x u#
dx 2u du
2
' c x dx;
x
2 u 2 c u# b
#
' 2 uc u
32.
2u du 2 ' 2 c u# du
#
u
u
sinc" 2 b C u2 c u# b 2 sinc" 2 b C

2x c x# b 2 sinc" x b C
#
' (cot t) 1 c sin# t dt ' 1 c sin tt(cos t) dt ;

sin
#
1 c u
u
1 c u# c ln 1 b
' 1 cu u
u sin t
du cos t dt
33.
du
bC
1 c sin# t c ln 1 b 1 c sin t b C
#
sin t
'
cos t dt
(sin t) 4 c sin t
#
dt
(tan t) 4 c sin t
u sin t
'
du cos t dt
du
u4 c u
'
c " ln 2 b
#
4 c u
u
34.
bC

bC
'
eu du
eu 3 b u
u ln y
y eu
dy eu du
ln ln y b 3 b (ln y)# b C
#
dy
' y3 b (ln y)
'
du
3 b u
35.
4 c sin t
sin t
#
c " ln 2 b
#
ln u b 3 b u# b C
495
#
#
1
dx
x2 b 2xb5
'
dt b '
dt t# tanc" t c '
t
1bt
dt
t# tanc" t c t b tanc" t b C y tanc" y b tanc" y c y b C
dt
1bt
'
37.
t b1
t b1
t
' 1bt
#
t# tanc" t c '
"
#
t y
2 ' t tanc" t dt 2 t# tanc" t c
y t#
dy 2t dt
(We used FORMULA 101 with n 1, a 1)
' tanc" y dy;
36.
496
txb1
1
dx;
dt dx
ax b 1 b 2 b 4
'
1
t2 b 4 dt

lnt b t2 b 4 b C lnax b 1b b ax b 1b2 b 4 b C lnax b 1b b x2 b 2x b 5 b C
38.
'
'
x2
dx
x2 c 4x b 5
x2
ax c 2 b + 1
2
txc2
'
dt dx
dx;

c 1 lnt b t2 b 1 b
2
tt2 b1
'
t2 b 4t b 2
t2 + 1 dt
'
t2
t2 + 1 dt
b'
4t
t2 + 1 dt
b'
4
t2 + 1 dt
b 4t2 b 1 b 4 lnt b t2 b 1 b C
c 1 lnax c 2b b ax c 2b2 b 1 b
2
7 lnax c 2b b x2 c 4x b 5 b
2
39.
at b 2 b 2
t2 + 1 dt
ax c 2 b a x c 2 b 2 b 1
2
ax b 6bx2 c 4x b 5
2
b 4ax c 2b2 b 1 b 4 lnax c 2b b ax c 2b2 b 1 b C
bC
' 5 c 4x c x2 dx ' 9 c ax b 2b2 dx; t x b 2

dt dx
' 9 c t2 dt;

t
2 9 c t2 b
40.
32
c1 t
2 sin
3
xb2
9
2
bC
c ax b 2b2 b 9 sinc1 x b 2 b C
2
3
' x2 2x c x2 dx ' x2 1 c ax c 1b2 dx;
xb2
5
2
c 4x c x2 b 9 sinc1 x b 2 b C
2
3
2
txc1
2
dt dx ' at b 1b 1 c t2 dt ' at b 2t b 1b1 c t2 dt
' t2 1 c t2 dt b ' 2t1 c t2 dt b ' 1 c t2 dt


2 3 2
t
1
2
1 sinc1 1 c 8 t 1 c t2 a12 c 2t2 b c 3 a1 c t b
8
4
t
b 2 1 c t2 b
12
c1 t
2 sin
1
1
2
" sinc1 ax c 1b c 8 ax c 1b 1 c ax c 1b2 12 c 2ax c 1b2 c 3 1 c ax c 1b2
8
b 1 sinc1 ax c 1b b C 5 sinc1 ax c 1b c 2 a2x c x2 b

2
8
3
xc1
8
xc1
1
2
c ax c 1b2
2x c x2 a2x2 c 4x b 5b b C
cos
cos
' sin& 2x dx c sin 2x# 2x b 5 c 1 ' sin$ 2x dx c sin 2x cos 2x b 4 c sin 2x# 2x b 3 c 1 ' sin 2x dx
5
5
10
5
3
3
8 cos% 21t dt 8 cos
21t sin 21t

4 2 1
4c1
4
'
2x cos 2x
10
2 sin 2x cos 2x
15
#
(We used FORMULA 60 with a 2, n 5 and a 2, n 3)

2
8
c sin 2x cos 2x c 15 sin# 2x cos 2x b 15 c " cos 2x b C c sin
#
10
4 cos 2x
15
' cos# 21t dt
cos 21t sin 21t

1
$
t
b 6 # b
sin (221t)
421
bC

cos 21t sin 21t
1
$
b 3t b
3 sin 41t
41
bC
cos 21t sin 21t

1
$
42.
41.
3 2
3 2
bC
3 cos 21t sin 21t

21
b 3t b C
bC

) cos
3c1
' sin# 2) cos$ 2) d) sin #2(2b3) 2) b 3 b # ' sin# 2) cos 2) d)
#
43.
(We used FORMULA 69 with a 2, m 3, n 2)
cos
cos
' sin# 2) cos 2) d) sin 2)10 2) b 2 " ' sin# 2) d(sin 2)) sin 2)10 2) b sin152) b C
5 #
#
2
5
2 sin# t sec% t dt ' 2 sin# t cosc% t dt 2 c sin2t cos

c4
$c
'
2c1
2c4
44.
sin 2) cos 2)
10
' cosc% t dt
(We used FORMULA 68 with a 1, n 2, m c4)
t
sin t cosc$ t c ' cosc% t dt sin t cosc$ t c ' sec% t dt sin t cosc$ t c sec ctan t b
4 1
4c2
4c1
'
sec# t dt
2
3
sin t cosc$ t c sec
t tan t
2
3
tan t b C
2
3
sec# t tan t c
2
3
tan t b C
2
3
tan t asec# t c 1b b C
tan$ t b C
An easy way to find the integral using substitution:
' 2 sin# t cosc% t dt '
2
3
tan$ t b C
' 4 tan$ 2x dx 4 tan#2x c ' tan 2x dx tan# 2x c 4' tan 2x dx

2
#
45.
2 tan# t sec# t dt ' 2 tan# t d(tan t)

tan# 2x c 4 ln ksec 2xk b C tan# 2x c 2 ln ksec 2xk b C
#
' 8 cot% t dt 8 c cot t c ' cot# t dt

3
$
46.

8 c " cot$ t b cot t b t b C
3
47.
x tan
c2
' 2 sec$ 1x dx 2 sec11(3c1) 1x b 3 c 1 ' sec 1x dx
3

"
"
1 sec 1x tan 1x b 1 ln ksec 1x b tan 1xk b C
3x
4c2
' 3 sec% 3x dx 3 sec3(4 ctan 3x b 4 c 1 ' sec# 3x dx
1)
#
48.

b
sec 3x tan 3x
3
#
2
3
tan 3x b C

5c2
c
' csc& x dx c csc5 x cot x b 5 c 1 ' csc$ x dx c csc x4 cot x b 3 c csc3xccot x b 3 c 2 ' csc x dx
4
1
3 1
c1
$
49.
(We used FORMULA 93 with n 5, a 1 and n 3, a 1)

c " csc$ x cot x c 3 csc x cot x c 3 ln kcsc x b cot xk b C
4
8
8
2
4
'
x$ ln x dx 16 x (ln x) c " x (ln x) c

#
4
4
%
' 16x$ (ln x)# dx 16 x (ln x)

4
"
4
'
x$ dx
(We used FORMULA 110 with a 1, n 3, m 2 and a 1, n 3, m 1)

x (ln x)
8
x
3#
%
16 x (ln x) c
4
b C 4x% (ln x)# c 2x% ln x b
x
#
50.
bC
497
498
' et sec$ aet c "b dt; x e
c"
3 c2
' sec$ x dx sec3x tan x b 3c1 ' sec x dx
c1
dx et dt
sec x#tan x b " ln ksec x b tan xk b C " csec aet c 1b tan aet c 1b b ln ksec aet c 1b b tan aet c 1bkd b C
#
#
t
51.
t )
t
c
52.
2 ' csc$ t dt 2 c csc ccot t b 3 c 2 ' csc t dt
) t#
3 1
3 1
)
d) 2t dt
2 <c csc t cot t c " ln kcsc t b cot tk b C c csc ) cot ) c ln csc ) b cot ) b C
' csc) d);

$
'01 2x# b 1 dx; cx tan td
2 '0
sec t sec# t dt 2'0
53.
1%
sec$ t dt 2 < sec tctan t !

3 1
3c2
3c1
'0
sec t dt

1%
csec t tan t b ln ksec t b tan tkd
2 b ln 2 b 1
!
'0
; cy sin xd
cos x dx
cos x
&
'0 sec% x dx sec4 x tan x

c1
3
#& #

tan x
1$
#$
dr; cr sec )d
tan ) c tan ) b )
3
1$
!
4c2
4c1
'0
sec# x dx
4
2
3 3 b 3 3 23
'0
2
3
3 3
3
tan )
sec )
$
'12 ar cr1b
(sec ) tan )) d) '0
c 3 b
x tan x
3
1
3
)
tan% ) d) tan 1
4c
$
55.
sec
1$
1$
!
c '0
dy
a1 c y b
3 2
'0
54.
tan# ) d)
1
3
(We used FORMULA 86 with a 1, n 4 and FORMULA 84 with a 1)

1
b 4 cos
5
1'
) sin )
3
!
'0
b 3 c 1 '0
3
cos& ) d) cos
6
#(
1'
) sin )
5
!
sec ) d)
sec )
1'
) sin )
5
!
cos ) d) cos
cos
; ct tan )d '0
dt
at b 1 b
'01
) sin )
5
b 5 c 1 '0
5
56.
4
15
cos$ ) d)
cos# ) sin ) b
8
15
sin )
(We used FORMULA 61 with a 1, n 5 and a 1, n 3)

5
8
" b 15 "
#
#
9
160
"
10
4
15
39 b 48 b 324
480
203
480
21y1 b (yw )# dx
2
x# b 2 1 b
221 '0
221 x
x
x b2
dx
x# b 1 dx
x b 1
#
#
21 '0
"
#
ln x b x# b 1
3 #
#
'0
4
b 15
57. S
#
"

21 6 b ln 2 b 3 213 b 12 ln 2 b 3
3 2
1 b (2x)# dx 2 '
0
"
"
"
"
" b x# dx 2 x 4 b x# b 4 # ln x b 4 b x#
4
#

#
3 2
3 2
58. L '0
1'
!
3
4
(2) b
59. A '0
"
4
ln
"
ln x b # 1 b 4x#
3
#
"
4
b 1 b
ln 2
3
#
2x b 1 2; x
dx
x b1
"
A
"
#
$
2 <(x b 1)$# ! c 1
3
3 2
"
4
3
4
1 b 4 3 b
4
"
4
ln
3
#
"
b # 1 b 4 3 c
4
"
4
ln
"
#
ln 3 b 2
'03 xxdx 1
b
"
A
"
dx
'03 x b 1 dx c A '03 x b 1
"
4
x 1 b 4x# b
#
4
3
(We used FORMULA 11 with a 1, b 1, n 1 and

a 1, b 1, n c1)
"
#A
"
"
"
'03 x dx 1 4 cln (x b 1)d $ 4 ln 4 # ln 2 ln 2
!
b
60. My '0 x 2x36 3 dx 18 '0

b
3
dx c 54'0
2x b 3
2x b 3
dx
2x b 3
c18x c 27 ln k2x b 3kd $

!
18 3 c 27 ln 9 c (c27 ln 3) 54 c 27 2 ln 3 b 27 ln 3 54 c 27 ln 3
61. S 21 ' 1 x# 1 b 4x# dx;
1
1
4
1
4
' 22 u# 1 b u# du
c
u 2x
du 2 dx
u
8 a1 b 2u# b1 b u# c
"
8
ln u b 1 b u#

1 2 (1 b 2 4)1 b 4 c " ln 2 b 1 b 4
4
1
4
c#
b 2 (1 b 2 4)1 b 4 b
8
9
# 5 c
"
8
"
8
ln c2 b 1 b 4
2b 5
ln c2b5 7.62
62. (a) The volume of the filled part equals the length of the
tank times the area of the shaded region shown in the
accompanying figure. Consider a layer of gasoline
of thickness dy located at height y where
cr y cr b d. The width of this layer is
r
#
sinc" y
r
bc
(We used FORMULA 29 with a r)

2L (d c r) 2rd c d# b r sinc" d c r b
#
r
#
cy
r d
r
1 2L d-r 2rd c d# b r# sinc" d c r b 1

#
#
r
#
#
r# c y# dy 2L yr
r d
r# c y# dy
bc
(b) 2L '
r# c y# dy
bc
r d
and V L A 2L '
r d
bc
2r# c y# . Therefore, A 2 '
63. The integrand f(x) x c x# is nonnegative, so the integral is maximized by integrating over the function's
entire domain, which runs from x 0 to x 1
499
2 " x c x# b
#
#
"

#
x c
#
#
"
x c x# b
"
8
"
"
8
sinc" (2x c 1)
!
1
#
"
c 8 c 1
#
#
# "
'01 x c x# dx '01 2 " x c x# dx x c

#
#
sinc"
xc
#
"
#
"
500
"
1
8
64. The integrand is maximized by integrating g(x) x2x c x# over the largest domain on which g is
nonnegative, namely [! 2]
'02 x2x c x# dx (x b 1)(2x c63)2x c x
"
#
sinc" (x c 1)
(We used FORMULA 51 with a ")

" 1 c " c 1 1
# #
#
#
#
#
!
CAS EXPLORATIONS
65.
66.
Example CAS commands:

Maple:
q1 := Int( x*ln(x), x );
q1 = value( q1 );
q2 := Int( x^2*ln(x), x );
q2 = value( q2 );
q3 := Int( x^3*ln(x), x );
q3 = value( q3 );
q4 := Int( x^4*ln(x), x );
q4 = value( q4 );
q5 := Int( x^n*ln(x), x );
q6 := value( q5 );
q7 := simplify(q6) assuming n::integer;
q5 = collect( factor(q7), ln(x) );
Maple:
q1 := Int( ln(x)/x, x );
q1 = value( q1 );
q2 := Int( ln(x)/x^2, x );
q2 = value( q2 );
q3 := Int( ln(x)/x^3, x );
q3 = value( q3 );
q4 := Int( ln(x)/x^4, x );
q4 = value( q4 );
q5 := Int( ln(x)/x^n, x );
q6 := value( q5 );
q7 := simplify(q6) assuming n::integer;
q5 = collect( factor(q7), ln(x) );
# (a)
# (b)
# (c)
# (d)
# (e)
# (a)
# (b)
# (c)
# (d)
# (e)

67.

Maple:
q := Int( sin(x)^n/(sin(x)^n+cos(x)^n), x=0..Pi/2 );
q = value( q );
q1 := eval( q, n=1 ):
q1 = value( q1 );
for N in [1,2,3,5,7] do
q1 := eval( q, n=N );
print( q1 = evalf(q1) );
end do:
qq1 := PDEtools[dchange]( x=Pi/2-u, q, [u] );
qq2 := subs( u=x, qq1 );
qq3 := q + q = q + qq2;
qq4 := combine( qq3 );
qq5 := value( qq4 );
simplify( qq5/2 );
# (a)
# (b)
# (c)
65-67. Example CAS commands:

Mathematica: (functions may vary)
In Mathematica, the natural log is denoted by Log rather than Ln, Log base 10 is Log[x,10]
Mathematica does not include an arbitrary constant when computing an indefinite integral,
Clear[x, f, n]
f[x_]:=Log[x] / xn
Integrate[f[x], x]
For exercise 67, Mathematica cannot evaluate the integral with arbitrary n. It does evaluate the integral (value is 1/4 in
each case) for small values of n, but for large values of n, it identifies this integral as Indeterminate
"
' xn ln x dx x n bln x c n b 1 ' xn dx, n c1
1
n 1
65. (e)
(We used FORMULA 110 with a 1, m 1)

n 1
n 1
xn 1
"
x n bln x c (nxb 1) b C n b 1 ln x c n b 1 b C
1
b
"
' xcn ln x dx x cn bln1 x c (cn)b1 ' xcn dx, n 1
n 1
bc
66. (e)
(We used FORMULA 110 with a 1, m 1, n cn)

c
"
1 cn
1 n
x
1cn b C
x1 n ln x
1cn
x1 n
1cn
ln x c
"
1cn
bC
67. (a) Neither MAPLE nor MATHEMATICA can find this integral for arbitrary n.
(b) MAPLE and MATHEMATICA get stuck at about n 5.
(c) Let x 1 c u dx c du; x 0 u 1 , x 1 u 0;
#
#
#
0
dx
1
#
I b I '0 sinn x b cosn x dx '0

sin x b cos x
2
'0
c sinn c u du
sinn c u b cosn c u
1
'
sinn x dx
sinn xbcosn x
cosn u du
cosn u b sinn u
'0
I '0
cosn x dx
cosn x b sinn x
1
4
501
502
8.6 NUMERICAL INTEGRATION

1.
'12 x dx
I.
(a) For n 4, ?x b c a 2 c 1 "

n
4
4
! mf(xi ) 12 T " (12) 3 ;
8
#
?x
#
"
8
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
(b)
'12 x dx x2 # 2 c " 3
#
#
(c)
kET k
True Value
"
(b)
'12 x dx 3
#
(c)
kES k
True Value
2c1
"
?x
4 4 3
"
3
12 (18) # ;
kES k '1 x dx c S
2
"
12
3
#
3
#
"
2
?x
#
"
4
f(x) 2x c 1 f w (x) 2 f ww 0 M 0
kE T k 0
(b)
'13 (2x c 1) dx cx# c xd $ (9 c 3) c (1 c 1) 6

"
(c)
kET k
True Value
"
2
?x
3
"
6
m
1
2
2
2
1
mf(xi )
1
4
6
8
5
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
'13 (2x c 1) dx 6
xi
1
3/2
2
5/2
3
f(xi )
1
2
3
4
5
m
1
4
2
4
1
mf(xi )
1
8
6
16
5
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
xi
c1
c1/2
0
1/2
1
f(xi )
2
5/4
1
5/4
2
m
1
2
2
2
1
mf(xi )
2
5/2
2
5/2
2
kES k '1 (2x c 1) dx c S

3
6c60
100 0%
1
'c1 ax# b 1b dx
(
2
(a) For n 4, ?x b c a 1 c 4c1) 4
n
! mf(xi ) 11 T " (11) 2.75
4
"
#
?x
#
"
4
f(x) x# b 1 f w (x) 2x f ww (x) 2 M 2

#
(
kET k 1c1c1) " (2) 1"# or 0.08333
#
#
1
'c1 ax# b 1b dx x3
(b)
f(xi )
1
2
3
4
5
b x
"
c"
1 b 1 c c 1 c 1
3
3
8
3
ET 'c1 ax# b 1b dx c T
1
kET k c 1"# 0.08333

(c)
kET k
True Value
#
"
I.
xi
1
3/2
2
5/2
3
kET k '1 (2x c 1) dx c T 6 c 6 0
f % (x) 0 M 0 kES k 0
3.
mf(xi )
1
5
3
7
2
100 0%
2
II. (a) For n 4, ?x b c a 3 c 1 4
n
4
! mf(xi ) 36 S " (36) 6 ;
kES k
True Value
m
1
4
2
4
1
100 0%
2
(a) For n 4, ?x b c a 3 c 1 4
n
4
! mf(xi ) 24 T " (24) 6 ;
4
(c)
f(xi )
1
5/4
3/2
7/4
2
'13 (2x c 1) dx
(b)
xi
1
5/4
3/2
7/4
2
kET k '1 x dx c T 0
f % (x) 0 M 0 kES k 0
I.
mf(xi )
1
5/2
3
7/2
2
100 0%
II. (a) For n 4, ?x b c a

n
! mf(xi ) 18 S
2.
m
1
2
2
2
1
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
f(x) x f w (x) 1 f ww 0 M 0
kE T k 0
f(xi )
1
5/4
3/2
7/4
2
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
xi
1
5/4
3/2
7/4
2
100 18 100 3%
3
8
3
11
4
c 1"#
Section 8.6 Numerical Integration

(
2
II. (a) For n 4, ?x b c a 1 c 4c1) 4 " ?x "
n
#
3
6
! mf(xi ) 16 S " (16) 8 2.66667 ;
6
f $ (x) 0 f % (x) 0 M 0 kES k 0

1
'c1 ax# b 1b dx x3
(b)
b x
"
c"
8
3
kES k 'c1 ax# b 1b dx c S

1
(c)
4.
kES k
True Value
8
3
(
(a) For n 4, ?x b c a 0 c 4c2)
n
! mf(xi ) 3 T " (3) 3 ;
4
2
4
"
#
?x
#
"
4
f(x) x# c 1 f w (x) 2x f ww (x) 2

#
(
M 2 kET k 0c1c2) " (2) 1"# 0.08333
#
#
0
'c2 ax# c 1b dx x3
(b)
c#
0 c c 8 b 2
3
2
3
(x) 0 f
kES k 'c2 ax# c 1b dx c S

0
'02 at$ b tb dt
I.
2
(a) For n 4, ?x b c a 2 c 0 4 "
n
4
2
?x
" !
"
# 4 ; mf(ti ) 25 T 4 (25)
$
ww
25
4
f(t) t b t f (t) 3t b 1 f (t) 6t

#
c
M 12 f ww (2) kET k 2120 " (12)
#
%
100
(t) 6 f
'0 at
2
(b)
2
#
mf(xi )
3
5/2
0
c3/2
c1
ET 'c2 ax# c 1b dx c T
0
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
xi
c2
c3/2
c1
c 1/2
0
ti
0
1/2
1
3/2
2
f(xi )
3
5/4
0
c3/4
c1
2
3
m
1
4
2
4
1
"
#
f(ti )
0
5/8
2
39/8
10
m
1
2
2
2
1
c 0 6 kET k '0 at$ b tb dt c T 6 c

2
?x
3
b tb dt 6 kES k '0 at$ b tb dt c S
kES k
True Value
"
6
(t) 0 M 0 kES k 0
2
6c60
(c)
c 4
6 100 4%
bca
2
For n 4, ?x n 2 c 0 4 "
4
2
! mf(ti ) 36 S " (36) 6 ;
6
$
%
kET k
True Value
m
1
2
2
2
1
3
4
"
c 12
mf(xi )
3
5
0
c3
c1
mf(ti )
0
5/4
4
39/4
10
25
4
"
c 4 kE T k
"
II. (a)
(c)
'02 at$ b tb dt t4 b t# # 24
(b)
f(xi )
3
5/4
0
c3/4
c1
0%
5.
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
xi
c2
c3/2
c1
c 1/2
0
t!
t"
t#
t$
t%
(x) 0 M 0 kES k 0
'c2 ax# c 1b dx 2
3
2
2
3 c 3 0
kES k
True Value 100
2
3
(c)
mf(xi )
2
5
2
5
2
(b)
m
1
4
2
4
1
100 12 100 13%

2
(
2
II. (a) For n 4, ?x b c a 0 c 4c2) 4 "
n
#
?x " ; ! mf(xi ) 4 S " (4)
$
f(xi )
2
5/4
1
5/4
2
"
kET k
True Value
c x
"
12
kE T k
(c)
xi
c1
c1/2
0
1/2
1
100 0%
0
'c2 ax# c 1b dx
I.
8
3
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
503
t!
t"
t#
t$
t%
ti
0
1/2
1
3/2
2
f(ti )
0
5/8
2
39/8
10
m
1
4
2
4
1
100 0%
mf(ti )
0
5/2
4
39/2
10
"
4
504
6.
1
'c1 at$ b 1b dt
I.
t!
t"
t#
t$
t%
(
2
(a) For n 4, ?x b c a 1 c 4c1) 4 "
n
#
"
?x " ; ! mf(ti ) 8 T 4 (8) 2 ;
#
4
f(t) t$ b 1 f w (t) 3t# f ww (t) 6t

#
(
M 6 f ww (1) kET k 1c1c1) " (6)
#
#
1
'c1 at$ b 1b dt t4 b t "
kET k
True Value
c"
100 0%
1
'c1 at$ b 1b dt 2
2c20
kES k
True Value
I.
ti
c1
c1/2
0
1/2
1
f(ti )
0
7/8
1
9/8
2
si
1
5/4
3/2
7/4
2
m
1
4
2
4
1
f(si )
1
16/25
4/9
16/49
1/4
mf(ti )
0
7/2
2
9/2
2
100 0%
ds
bca
n
(a) For n 4, ?x
! mf(si )
179,573
44,100
2c1
4
"
8
"
4
?x
#
179,573
44,100
"
8
179,573
352,800
"
2
w
s f (s) c s
6
f ww (s) s M 6 f ww (1)
#
c
kET k 2 1# " " (6) 3"# 0.03125
4
2
2
#
"
"
"
ds 1 sc# ds <c 1 " c # c c 1
s
1 s
0.50899; f(s)
'12 s"
7.
kES k 'c1 at$ b 1b dt c S
t!
t"
t#
t$
t%
s!
s"
s#
s$
s%
f $ (t) 6 f % (t) 0 M 0 kES k 0
(c)
mf(ti )
0
7/4
2
9/4
2
(
2
II. (a) For n 4, ?x b c a 1 c 4c1) 4 "
n
#
?x " ; ! mf(ti ) 12 S " (12) 2 ;
(b)
m
1
2
2
2
1
1)
1 b 1 c (c4 b (c1) 2 kET k 'c1 at$ b 1b dt c T 2 c 2 0
4
%
(c)
f(ti )
0
7/8
1
9/8
2
(b)
"
4
ti
c1
c1/2
0
1/2
1
m
1
2
2
2
1
mf(si )
1
32/25
8/9
32/49
1/4
'
1
#
ET '1
"
s
'
(b)
ds c T
"
#
c 0.50899 c0.00899
kET k 0.00899
100
II. (a) For n 4, ?x

! mf(si )
0.00899
0.5 100
bca
2c1
"
n 4 4
264,821
44,100
"
12
2%
?x
3
264,821
44,100
0.50042; f $ (s) c 24 f % (s)

s
"
12
264,821
529,200
120
s
'
kET k
True Value
(c)
&
c
M 120 kES k 2180" " (120)
4
'1
"
384
0.00260
'2
"
1
"
"
s ds # ES 1 s ds c S #
kES k
0.0004
True Value 100 0.5 100 0.08%
bca
n
(a) For n 4, ?x
! mf(si ) 1269
4c2
4
"
2
450
"
4
1269
450
f(s) (s c 1)
f ww (s)
kE T k
c#
0.70500;
2
f (s) c (s c 1)
6
(s c 1)
4c2
1#
1269
1800
w
f(si )
1
16/25
4/9
16/49
1/4
m
1
4
2
4
1
?x
#
"
4
s!
s"
s#
s$
s%
si
2
5/2
3
7/2
4
f(si )
1
4/9
1/4
4/25
1/9
m
1
2
2
2
1
M6
" # (6)
#
"
4
mf(si )
1
64/25
8/9
64/49
1/4
c 0.50042 c0.00042 kES k 0.00042
ds
I.
si
1
5/4
3/2
7/4
2
'24 (s c"1)
8.
(c)
(b)
s!
s"
s#
s$
s%
0.25
mf(si )
1
8/9
1/2
8/25
1/9

%
'24 (s c"1)
c"
ds (sc"1) 4c"1 c #c1
c
c
#
kET k 0.03833
(c)
kET k
True Value
100
II. (a) For n 4, ?x

! mf(si ) 1813
0.03833
2 100
3
bca
4c2
"
n 4 2
ET '2
2
3
c24
(sc1)
(s)
4c2
180
kE S k
'2
(c)
'0
9.
I.
"
(s c 1)
kES k
True Value
(b)
&
ds
1813
2700
%
?x
3
"
6
;
s!
s"
s#
s$
s%
0.67148;
(s)
" % (120)
#
2
3
100
120
(sc1)
ES '2
"
12
0.00481
2
3
M 120
0.08333
"
(s c 1)
1813
450
'
"
6
ds c S
2
3
c 0.705 c0.03833
si
2
5/2
3
7/2
4
f(si )
1
4/9
1/4
4/25
1/9
m
1
4
2
4
1
mf(si )
1
16/9
1/2
16/25
1/9
100 1%
(a) For n 4, ?x b c a 1 c 0
n
4
! mf(ti ) 2 b 22 4.8284
1
8
2
3
c 0.67148 c0.00481 kES k 0.00481
sin t dt
ds c T
6%
450
"
(s c 1)
(b)
1
4
?x
#
1
8
t!
t"
t#
t$
t%
2 b 22 1.89612;
f(t) sin t f w (t) cos t f ww (t) csin t

#
c
1
M 1 kET k 11# 0 1 (1) 19#
4
ti
0
1/4
1/2
31/4
1
f(ti )
0
2/2
1
2/2
0
m
1
2
2
2
1
mf(ti )
0
2
2
2
0
0.16149
(b)
'0
sin t dt [ccos t] 1 (ccos 1) c (ccos 0) 2 kET k '0 sin t dt c T 2 c 1.89612 0.10388

!
(c)
kET k
True Value
100
0.10388
2
100 5%
II. (a) For n 4, ?x b c a 1 c 0

n
4
! mf(ti ) 2 b 42 7.6569
S
1
12
1
4
?x
3
1
12
2 b 42 2.00456;
f $ (t) ccos t f % (t) sin t

%
c
M 1 kES k 11800 1 (1) 0.00664
4
(c)
kES k
True Value
100
0.00456
2
m
1
4
2
4
1
1
8
1
4
?x
#
1
8
2 b 22 0.60355; f(t) sin 1t
f w (t) 1 cos 1t
f ww (t) c1# sin 1t M 1#
#
c
kET k 1 1# 0 1 a1# b 0.05140
4
t!
t"
t#
t$
t%
ti
0
1/4
1/2
3/4
1
f(ti )
0
2/2
1
2/2
0
"
"
"
2
'01 sin 1t dt [c 1 cos 1t] " c 1 cos 1 c c 1 cos 0 1 0.63662
!
2
1 c 0.60355 0.03307
kET k
0.03307
True Value 100 2 100
m
1
2
2
2
1
mf(ti )
0
2
2
2
0
kET k '0 sin 1t dt c T
(c)
mf(ti )
0
2
2
2
2
2
0
100 0%
(a) For n 4, ?x b c a 1 c 0
n
4
! mf(ti ) 2 b 22 4.828
(b)
f(ti )
0
2/2
1
2/2
0
sin t dt 2 ES '0 sin t dt c S 2 c 2.00456 c0.00456 kES k 0.00456
'01 sin 1t dt
I.
ti
0
1/4
1/2
31/4
1
5%
10.
'0
t!
t"
t#
t$
t%
(b)
505
506
1
II. (a) For n 4, ?x b c a 1 c 0 4
n
4
! mf(ti ) 2 b 42 7.65685
1
12
?x
3
1
12
t!
t"
t#
t$
t%
2 b 42 0.63807;
f $ (t) c1$ cos 1t f % (t) 1% sin 1t

%
c
M 1% kES k 11800 1 a1% b 0.00211
4
(b)
2
'01 sin 1t dt 1 0.63662
(c)
kES k
True Value
100
0.00145
2
ti
0
1/4
1/2
3/4
1
ES '0 sin 1t dt c S
1
2
1
f(ti )
0
2/2
1
2/2
0
m
1
4
2
4
1
mf(ti )
0
2
2
2
2
2
0
c 0.63807 c0.00145 kES k 0.00145
100 0%
11. (a) M 0 (see Exercise 1): Then n 1 ?x 1 kET k
"
1#
(1)# (0) 0 10c%
(b) M 0 (see Exercise 1): Then n 2 (n must be even) ?x

12. (a) M 0 (see Exercise 2): Then n 1 ?x 2 kET k
2
1#
"
#
kE S k
2
12
2 # (2)
n
4
3n
kET k
2
n
2
12
2 # (2)
n
4
3n
kET k
2
n
2
12
2 # (12)
n
8
n
kET k
2
n
kET k
2
12
2 # (6)
n
200, so let n 201

(b) M 0 (see Exercise 6): Then n 2 (n must be even) ?x " kES k
1
n
kET k
1
12
1 # (6)
n
1
2n
17. (a) M 6 (see Exercise 7): Then ?x
2
180
a10% b n 4 a10% b
3
(1)% (0) 0 10c%

4
3
a10% b n 4 a10% b
3
(1)% (0) 0 10c%
2
180
(1)% (0) 0 10c%
10c% n# 4 a10% b n 4 a10% b
4
n
2
n
2
180
4
3
10c% n# 8 a10% b n 8 a10% b
n 282.8, so let n 283

(1)% (0) 0 10c%
10c% n#
n 115.4, so let n 116

2
180
10c% n#
n 115.4, so let n 116

"
# % (0) 0 10c%
(2)# (0) 0 10c%

"
180
2
180
(1)% (0) 0 10c%
10c% n#
"
#
a10% b n " a10% b

#
n 70.7, so let n 71
"
n
kES k
1
180
" % (120)
n
2
3n
(b) M 120 (see Exercise 7): Then ?x
10c% n%
2
3
a10% b
4
n 2 a10% b n 9.04, so let n 10 (n must be even)
3
kET k
2
12
2 # (6)
n
n 200, so let n 201

(b) M 120 (see Exercise 8): Then ?x
2
n
kES k
2
180
4
n
10c% n# 4 a10% b n 4 a10% b
2 % (120)
n
64
3n
2
n
10c% n%
4
n 64 a10% b n 21.5, so let n 22 (n must be even)
3
64
3
a10% b
9
16n2
10c4 n2
so let n 76
(b) f $ (x) 3 (x b 1)c&# f % (x) c 15 (x b 1)c(# c
8
16
3
15
n % 16
35 (15)
16(180)n
35 (15) 10
16(180)
10c% n%
3
180
1
3
4 1
1
4
9
a104 b n 16 a104 b n 75,
15
16 x b 1
15
16 1
. Then ?x
15
16
3
n
(15) a10
n 3 16(180) b n 10.6, so let
kE S k
9
16
3 2 1
n
4
3
12
1
3
4 x b 1
kET k
3
n
"
(x b 1)c"2 f ww (x) c 4 (x b 1)c32 c
Then ?x
"
2
19. (a) f(x) x b 1 f w (x)
507
n 12 (n must be even)
3
4
.
130
n 3 (105) a10 b n 17.25, so

16(180)
&
3 (105) 10
16(180)
&
10c% n%
3 (105)
16(180)n
3
4 1
a10 b
n 129.9, so let n
48
105
3
105 . Then ?x n
16
16 1
n 3
M
&
3
n % 105
16
3
180
(x b 1)c*#
kE S k
3 10
48
105
16 xb1
10c% n#
3
4 x b 1
(b) f $ (x) c
(x b 1)c&#
3
3 3 # 3
3
n kET k 12 n
4 48n
15
c(#
f % (x) 105
8 (x b 1)
16
Then ?x
3
4
&
"
f w (x) c # (x b 1)c$# f w w (x)
"
x b1
&
20. (a) f(x)
let n 18 (n must be even)

21. (a) f(x) sin (x b 1) f w (x) cos (x b 1) f ww (x) csin (x b 1) M 1. Then ?x
8 10
12
kES k
2
180
2 % (1)
n
8
12n
10c% n#
8 10
12
%
2
n # (1)
kE S k
2
180
2 % (1)
n
32
180n
10c%
a10
n 32180 b n 6.49, so let n 8 (n must be even)
%
5
2 a6.0
2
n
23.
32 10
180
2
n
10
n 8 a1# b n 81.6, so let n 82
(b) f $ (x) sin (x b 1) f % (x) cos (x b 1) M 1. Then ?x

n%
10c%
2
12
32
180n
a10
n 32180 b n 6.49, so let n 8 (n must be even)
22. (a) f(x) cos (x b 1) f w (x) csin (x b 1) f ww (x) ccos (x b 1) M 1. Then ?x

kE T k
2 # (1)
n
32 10
180
2
n
(b) f $ (x) ccos (x b 1) f % (x) sin (x b 1) M 1. Then ?x

n%
2
12
10
n 8 a1# b n 81.6, so let n 82
%
10c% n#
8
12n
k ET k
2
n
b 2a8.2b b 2a9.1b b 2a12.7b b 13.0ba30b 15,990 ft3 .
24. Use the conversion 30 mph 44 fps (ft per

sec) since time is measured in seconds. The
distance traveled as the car accelerates from,
say, 40 mph 58.67 fps to 50 mph 73.33 fps
in (4.5 c 3.2) 1.3 sec is the area of the
trapezoid (see figure) associated with that time
interval: " (58.67 b 73.33)(1.3) 85.8 ft. The
#
total distance traveled by the Ford Mustang
Cobra is the sum of all these eleven trapezoids
(using ?t and the table below):
#
v (mph)
v (fps)
t (sec)
?t/2
0
0
0
0
30
44
2.2
1.1
40
58.67
3.2
0.5
50
73.33
4.5
0.65
60
88
5.9
0.7
70
102.67
7.8
0.95
80
117.33
10.2
1.2
90
132
12.7
1.25
100
146.67
16
1.65
110
161.33
20.6
2.3
120
176
26.2
2.8
130
190.67
37.1
5.45
508
s (44)(1.1) b (102.67)(0.5) b (132)(0.65) b (161.33)(0.7) b (190.67)(0.95) b (220)(1.2) b (249.33)(1.25)

b (278.67)(1.65) b (308)(2.3) b (337.33)(2.8) b (366.67)(5.45) 5166.346 ft 0.9785 mi
25. Using Simpson's Rule, ?x 1 ?x " ;
3
3
! myi 33.6 Cross Section Area " (33.6)
3
11.2 ft# . Let x be the length of the tank. Then the

Volume V (Cross Sectional Area) x 11.2x.
Now 5000 lb of gasoline at 42 lb/ft$
V 5000 119.05 ft$
42
119.05 11.2x x 10.63 ft
m
1
4
2
4
2
4
1
myi
1.5
6.4
3.6
7.6
4.0
8.4
2.1
b 2a0.020b b 2a0.021b b b 2a0.031b b 0.035 d 4.2 L

4 ?x
bca
%
180 a?x b M; n
1
?x
1
8 3 #4 ;
27. (a) kES k
c0
4
1
8
; f % 1 M 1 kES k
(b) ?x
! mf(xi ) 10.47208705
S
1
#4
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
(10.47208705) 1.37079
xi
0
1/8
1/4
31/8
1/2
c 0
180
#
24
0.019
2 c
yi
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.1
26.
xi
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
x5
x'
1 % (1) 0.00021
8
f(xi )
1
0.974495358
0.900316316
0.784213303
0.636619772
m
1
4
2
4
1
mf(x1i )
1
3.897981432
1.800632632
3.136853212
0.636619772
(c) 0.00021 100 0.015%

1.37079
2
ae0
301
(b) kES k
b 4e
1c0
180
c0.04
b 2e
c0.09
b 4e
2 0.1
3 3 ay0
b 4y1 b 2y2 b 4y3 b b 4y9 b y10 b
c0.81
b b 4e
b ec1 b 0.843
a0.1b4 a12b 6.7 10c6
?x
bca
2 ay0 b 2y1 b 2y2 b 2y3 b b 2ync1 b yn b where ?x n and f
b c a ay 0 b y 1 b y 1 b y 2 b y 2 b b y n 1 b y n 1 b y n b
b c a fax0 b b fax1 b b fax1 b b fax2 b
n
2
n
2
2
Since f is continuous on each interval [xkc1 , xk ], and

c
[xkc1 , xk ] with fack b
faxk 1 b b faxk b
;
#
faxk 1 b b faxk b
#
c0.01
0.1 erfa1b
29. T
1c0
10
is continuous on [a, b]. So

b b
faxn 1 b b faxn b
.
2
bca
n
28. (a) ?x
is always between faxkc1 b and faxk b, there is a point ck in
this is a consequence of the Intermediate Value Theorem. Thus our sum is
k 1
k 1
! b c a fack b which has the form ! ?xk fack b with ?xk

n
bca
n
for all k. This is a Riemann Sum for f on [a, b].
?x
b ca
3 ay0 b 4y1 b 2y2 b 4y3 b b 2ync2 b 4ync1 b yn b where n is even, ?x n and
S b c a y0 b 4y1 b y2 b y2 b 4y3 b y4 b y4 b 4y5 b y6 b b yn 2 b 4yn 1 b yn
n
3
3
3
3
fax2 b b 4fax3 b b fax4 b
fax4 b b 4fax5 b b fax6 b
x
b c a fax0 b b 4fax1 b b fax2 b
n
b
b
b b faxn 2 b b 4fa6 n 1 b b faxn b
6
6
6
2
30. S
fax2k b b 4fax2k 1 b b fax2k 2 b

6
f is continuous on [a, b]. So
is the average of the six values of the continuous function on the interval [x2k , x2kb2 ], so it is between
the minimum and maximum of f on this interval. By the Extreme Value Theorem for continuous functions, f takes on its
maximum and minimum in this interval, so there are xa and xb with x2k xa , xb x2kb2 and
faxa b

6
faxb b. By the Intermediate Value Theorem, there is ck in [x2k , x2kb2 ] with
fack b

.
6
So our sum has the form ! ?xk fack b with ?xk
n/2
k 1
bca
an/2b
a Riemann sum for f on [a, b].

Length 4 '0 1 c
2
2 '0 4 c cos# t dt '0
f(t) dt; use the
'0
c0
10
10
4 c cos# t dt ! mf(xn ) 37.3686183

n 0
?t
#
(37.3686183)
1
#0 .
bca
n
Trapezoid Rule with n 10 ?t
cos# t dt
"
4
1
40
(37.3686183)
2.934924419 Length 2(2.934924419)

5.870
(b) kf ww (t)k 1 M 1
a?t# Mb
c0
1#
1
#0 # 1 0.0032
32. ?x
bca
1#
kE T k
1c0
1
?x
1 !
mf(xi )
8 8 3 24 ;
1
24 a29.18480779b 3.82028
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
x5
x'
x(
x)
x*
x"!
xi
0
1/20
1/10
31/20
1/5
1/4
31/10
71/20
21/5
91/20
1/2
f(xi )
1.732050808
1.739100843
1.759400893
1.790560631
1.82906848
1.870828693
1.911676881
1.947791731
1.975982919
1.993872679
2
m
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
mf(xi )
1.732050808
3.478201686
3.518801786
3.581121262
3.658136959
3.741657387
3.823353762
3.895583461
3.951965839
3.987745357
2
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
x5
x'
x(
x)
"
#
31. (a) a 1, e
xi
0
1/8
1/4
31/8
1/2
51/8
31/4
71/8
1
f(xi )
1.414213562
1.361452677
1.224744871
1.070722471
1
1.070722471
1.224744871
1.361452677
1.414213562
m
1
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
1
mf(xi )
1.414213562
5.445810706
2.449489743
4.282889883
2
4.282889883
2.449489743
5.445810706
1.414213562
29.184807792
dy
33. The length of the curve y sin 31 x from 0 to 20 is: L '0 1 b dx dx;
#0
#
20
91
400
cos# 31 x L '0 1 b
#0
20
91
400
#
' 255 1 b 14
2
sin# 1x L
50
1
4
25
1 b dy dx;
dx
25
31
#0
dy
cos 31 x dx
#0
cos# 31 x dx. Using numerical integration we find L 21.07 in

#0
34. First, we'll find the length of the cosine curve: L '
dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
dx
c 251 sin 1x
50
50
sin# 1x dx. Using a numerical integrator we find

50
L 73.1848 ft. Surface area is: A length width (73.1848)(300) 21,955.44 ft.
Cost 1.75A (1.75)(21,955.44) $38,422.02. Answers may vary slightly, depending on the numerical
integration used.
dy
dx
cos x dy cos# x S '0 21(sin x) 1 b cos# x dx; a numerical integration gives

dx
x
#
35. y sin x
S 14.4
dy
dx
dy
dx
x
4
S '0 21 x 1 b
4
2
x
4
x
4
36. y
dx; a numerical integration gives S 5.28
37. A calculator or computer numerical integrator yields sinc" 0.6 0.643501109.

38. A calculator or computer numerical integrator yields 1 3.1415929.
509
510
8.7 IMPROPER INTEGRALS
lim
dx
x
b!
3
< # x#$ b b lim < 3 x#$ "
#
c
c!
b1
c!
dx
xb1
lim
b c_
cln kx c 1kd b 2 c
_c
_c
ln c3 c ln b c 1 ln 3 c ln lim
c1
bb1
bc"
b c_ b b 1
_c
lim
b c_
1
#
a1000 c 1000b0 001 b 1000 c 0 1000
c0
lim
b c_
cln kx b 1kd b 2
c
c'
1
#
lim
b c_
<ln x c 1
xb1 b
#c
dx
xc1
b!
c1000r0 001 d 1 lim

b
asinc" b c sinc" 0b
b1
'
csinc" xd 0 lim
b
lim
c!
< 3 b#$ c 3 (c8)#$ b lim < 3 (1)#$ c 3 c#$ <0 c 3 (4) b 3 c 0 c 9

#
#
#
#
#
#
#
b!
2 dx
x c1
<3x"$ b b lim <3x"$ "

1
c
$"
'
$"
9.
dx
8x
lim
0 999
b '0
$"
'01 r dr
2
c!
8.
1cx
c24 c b c c24 0 b 4 4
)c
'01 dx
b!
2 c 2b 2 c 0 2
7.
lim
dx
x
lim
b4
b0
$#
b!
dx
1 x
b_
<3b"$ c 3(c1)"$ b lim <3(1)"$ c 3c"$ (0 b 3) b (3 c 0) 6
'
lim
b '0
$#
' 18 xdx
6.
b!
lim
b4
'
dx
x
4cx
1
#
d lim c1000 b 1000 1000

b0 001
c2x1 2 d b lim
'0b a4 c xbc"# dx
$#
' 11
lim
lim
b0
5.
'b1 xc"# dx
c0
0 001 b
'04 dx
b!
b_
1
#
4.
lim
lim cc1000x
dx
'01 x
1 001
b_
b_
3.
'1b xdx
lim
dx
x1 001
lim ctanc" xd 0 lim atanc" b c tanc" 0b
b_
"
'1
b_
2.
'0b x dx 1
b
lim
dx
x b1
"
'0
1.
ln 3 c ln 1 ln 3
10.
'2
2 dx
x b4
11.
'2
2 dv
v cv
b
lim <2 ln v c " lim 2 ln b c " c 2 ln 2 c " 2 ln (1) c 2 ln " 0 b 2 ln 2 ln 4
v
b
#
#
12.
'2
2 dt
t c1
b
bc
2c
c
lim <ln tt b " lim ln b b " c ln # b " ln (1) c ln " 0 b ln 3 ln 3
1
1
1
3
13.
'
b_
u x# b 1
du 2x dx
"
c
' 1 du b '1
u
_
2x dx
ax b 1 b
#
b '0
du
u
" 1
" c
lim <c u b b c lim <c u 1
_
b_
b c lim <c c (c1) (c1 b 0) b (0 b 1) 0

_
u x# b 4
du 2x dx
#$
_c
%
_c
#$
_c
"
"
"
lim c u b c lim c u lim c # b
_
b_
b_
b
"
b
'4
x dx
ax b 4 b
#$
b '0
du
2u
#$
x dx
ax b 4 b
b '4
du
2u
#$
_c
'
31
4
b_
x dx
ax b 4 b
"
b
c c 1
#
'
2x dx
ax b 1 b
1
4
_c
b_
tanc" 1 c tanc" b
2
b_
'
lim
b c_
2x dx
ax b 1 b
b_
lim c1 b
14.
x
<tanc" # 2
b
lim
b c_
"
"
"
"
b c lim c c b # c # b 0 b 0 b # 0
_
Section 8.7 Improper Integrals

) b 2)
du
'03 2u
lim
b!
du
'b3 2u
u ) # b 2)
du 2() b ") d)
d);
lim
b!
<u 3 lim
b
b!
'01 ) b "
3 c b 3 c 0
15.
4cs
u x
du 2dxx
'0
dx
(1 b x)x
c sin
0 (2 c 0) b 1 c 0
#
lim
2 du
u b1
4cs
c2
c"
b_
c2
b!
'0c ds
s
<u b lim <sinc" #
b
!
4
lim
c
sinc" #
2 c b b lim
0
u 4 c s#
"
du
lim
c # '4 u b c 2
du c2s ds
du
'0b u2 b 1
#
'0 ds
'0
c2
17.
b lim
du
2 u
b!
'b
4cs
ds
4 c s
lim
b!
lim
b '0
4cs
'02 2s ds
"
#
ds
'02 s b "
16.
4b1
#
lim c2 tanc" ud 0
b
b_
lim a2 tanc" b c 2 tanc" 0b 2 1 c 2(0) 1

#
b_
b1
1
#
b_
b_
# b
b_
"
ce b
a1 c eb b (1 c 0) 1
dx
lim
b c_
cce
d b b c lim cce
_
b!
b!
d0
c (c1)d (c1 c 0) b (0 b 1) 0
"
" ln 1 c 4 c lim b ln b c
#
#
"
c 4 b lim
b
4
"
c 4 c lim
b!
"
"
b c 4 b 0 c 4
4
#
"
x
4
lim
b c_
ln b
b2
#
4
b
bd b c lim cce
_
x ln x c
#
b
c
dx b '0 2xe
b!
b!
cex d !
b
_c
c " c lim
4
lim
lim
b c_
2(0 b 1)
2
'01 x ln x dx
becb"
form)
cc1 c ace
_c
b c_
2xe
lim
b c_
_c
lim
dx '
k k
_c
25.
ex dx
0b
2xe
'
dx '
cbeb c eb d c1 c
(FORMULA 107 with a c1, b 1)
2(sin 0 b cos 0)
2e
24.
_c
b_
'0
c2(sin b b cos b)
2eb
lim
23.
(c sin ) c cos ))
!
b_
b_
1eb 1
_
_
lim
b c_
'0b 2ec) sin ) d)
2ec) sin ) d) lim
lim 2
^
(l'Hopital's rule for
lim
b c_
'0
<)e) c e) 0 a0 e! c e! b c
b
lim
b c_
c1 c 0 c 1
22.
b_
"c
)e) d)
c1 c
dx lim 8 atanc" xb lim 8 atanc" bb c 8 atanc" 0b 8 1 c 8(0) 21#

#
'0
asecc" 2 c secc" bb b c lim asecc" c c secc" 2b

_
"c
16 tan x
1bx
dx
x x c 1
21.
'0
'2c
lim cln k1 b tanc" vkd 0 lim cln k1 b tanc" bkd c ln k1 b tanc" 0k
vb
ln 1 b 1 c ln (1 b 0) ln 1 b 1
#
#
20.
b c lim
_
dx
x x c 1
dv
a1 b v b a1 b tan
b1
'b2
'0
lim
dx
x x c 1
csecc" kxkd b b c lim csecc" kxkd 2 lim

_
1 c 0 b 1 c 1
3
#
3
19.
b '2
dx
x x c 1
b1
lim
'1
dx
x x c 1
'1
18.
511
b0
c!
b1
c21cx b lim 2x c 1
c1
"
#
1
6
b_
"
lim < # ln kx b 1k c
b_
"
#
tan
c"
b c
"
#
ln ax# b 1b b
"
#
ln
"
1
"
#
"
x
tanc" x 0 lim # ln xb 1 1 b
b
b
b_
c"
tan
"
#
ln 1 b
cc ln kcos bkd b ln 1 lim
1
#
"
#
ln 1 c
"
#
"
#
tanc" x
b
0
1
4
#1
'0
; c1 c ) xd c '
b0
sin x dx
x
cln ksin bkd c lim
b0
Since 0
sin x dx
x .
sin x
x
"
x
cc ln kcos bkd b _, the integral diverges
cln ksin bkd b _, the integral diverges

for all 0 x 1 and '0
cln ksin )kd b ln 1 c lim
dx
x
converges, then
dx converges by the Direct Comparison Test.
sin x dx
#x
. Since 0
sin
2x
"
2x
for all 0 x 21 and
converges by the Direct Comparison Test.

dy lim cce y d b ln 2 lim cce b d c cce
1
b_
b_
' 1 ln 2 y e y dy '1 ln 2 e
c
#
, so the integral converges.
1 ln 2
$"
1 ln 2
$"
1c
$"
1 ln 2
0be
dx; < " y

x
$"
1 x
'0ln 2 xc# e
sin x dx
#x
'0
dx
converges, then '0
dx
2x
'20 c cos 2x c
$"
x 1 c 2x)
1
; ) #c#
d) c dx
#
cos ) d)
2 (1 c 2 ) )
$"
$"
sin x
x
c1
cot ) d) lim
c1
cc ln kcos )kd b lim

0
"
#
c1
b "
ln bbb 1
"
4
b_
tan ) d) lim
sin ) d)
1 c )
'02
lim
'
1 c
3
b
b
b
c" b
"
lim <ln ) b 2 1 lim <ln b b 2 c ln c1 b 2 0 c ln # ln 2
) 3
b 3
3
b0
'0
"
#
1
3
c0
'0
dx
x c 1
37.
b '1
c1
'0
c01
secc" b
#
36.
1
#
c21cb c c21 c 0 b 22 c 1 c lim 2c c 1 0 b 2 b 2 c 0 4
dx
(x b 1) ax b 1b
1
#
'0
<c2cx b b lim <2x 4

1
c
c!
lim "
b_ #
lim
b!
"
#
b
c
'0
b!
34.
1 b lim
c2cb c c2c(c1) b 24 c lim 2c 0 b 2 b 2 2 c 0 6
d)
) b 5) b 6
c!
dx
'c4 x
'
lim
< " secc" 4 c

#
#
b
'c1 dx x b
c
b2
1
3
secc" b
33.
ln b
b
b!
lim
b1
t
< " secc" # lim
#
b
1cx
b1
39.
b2
'02 kxdxc 1k '01 dx

lim
38.
b!
35.
lim
32.
lim
t c4
csecc" sd b secc" 2 c lim
4
dx
'c1 kxk
b1
b1
c0
c2 sinc" ab# bd c 2 sinc" 0 2
lim
ds
s s c 1
1
#
sinc" b c sinc" 0
#
c2 sinc" ar# bd 0 lim
31.
b1
b2
'24 dt
lim
s
<sinc" # b lim
0
30.
b2
'12
lim
29.
1cr
b!
b1c01
'01 4r dr
28.
4cs
'02 ds
cb c b ln bd 1 c 0 b lim
27.
b!
b!
"
cx c x ln xd b c1 c 1 ln 1d c lim
"
1 c lim
lim
b!
'01 (c ln x) dx
"
26.
#
"
512
41.
'0
dx; <y x 2'0 e

1
dy 2 c 2 , so the integral converges.

e
"
t b sin t
. Since for 0 t 1, 0
dt
t b sin t
and '0
'01 ex
40.
513
"
t
dt
t
converges, then the original integral converges as well by
the Direct Comparison Test.
'0
'0
dx
1cx
and'0
dx
1cx
lim
b1
and '0
dx
1cx
dx
1cx
lim
b1
b1
cc ln (1 c x)d b lim
0
b1
v lim
_
"
1 c v
"
1 c 0
dx
x
1 and '2
d)
e
)
for 0 ) _ and '0
b
lim <2x 4 _,
b_
dv
v
b
lim <2v _,
b_
lim cce d b lim ace b b 1b 1 '0

0
b_
b_
'
dx
x b 1
dx
x b 1
b '1
dx
x
$
'
'
'0
'0
and '1
"
#
dx
x b 1
dx
x
$
'
"
#
b '1
" b
lim <c 2x 1
b_
"
#b
dx
x b 1
diverges by the Limit Comparison Test.
_
'
b_
1 and '4
lim c
'0
x
4
b 0 0 the integral
dx
x b 1
"
e
c c0b
"
4
d)
e
)
"
c
'0
v
v c 1
"
51.
d)
1 be
"
1 be
"
1 c0
dx
1bx
c!
"
4
'0
;0
'1
c lim x ln x c
#
d)
1be
"
1c
"
c
'0
x lim
_
x
4
v lim
_
dv
v c 1
x
x c 1
"
which diverges '2

50.
dx
x c 1
v 1
x lim
_
converges
dv
v c 1 ; v lim
_
'4
'2
which diverges
49.
x 1
dx
x
dx
x c 1 ; x lim
_
for 1 x _ and '1
'4
"
x
48.
"
x b1
c!
c
4
"
c < " ln 1 c 4 - b lim c# ln c c
#
converges (see Exercise 25 for the limit calculations).

;0
b!
x ln x c
#
#
b!
b
4
lim
ln b c
b
#
[b ln b c b]
ln kxk dx c2 converges.
b!
"
< " ln 1 c 4 c lim
#
dx
1bx
cc ln (1 c b)d c 0 _, which diverges
cx ln x c xd 1 [1 0 c 1] c lim
b
'
lim
b!
' 11 acx ln kxk b dx ' 01 ccx ln (cx)d dx b '01 (cx ln x) dx
'1
"
bb
< # ln " c b c 0 _, which
1
' 11 ln kxk dx ' 01 ln (cx) dx b '01 ln x dx; '01 ln x dx
47.
diverges
diverges as well.
c1 c 0 c1; ' 1 ln (cx) dx c1

46.
"
1bx
< # ln 1 c x b lim
0
dt
t c sin t
diverges as well.
b '1
dx
1cx
dx
1cx
dx
1cx
45.
'02
b '1
dx
'02 1 c x
diverges
44.
dx
1cx
6t
t 0 sin t
<c #" b_, which diverges '

b
0
'0
dx
'02 1 c x
43.
by the Limit Comparison Test.
lim
b!
b!
"
<c #" 1 c # c lim
t b
3t
t 0 1 c cos t
lim
dt
t
6. Now,'0
t 0 cos t
lim
t 0 t c sin t
lim
lim
f(t)
lim
t 0 g(t)
'01 t cdt t ; let f(t) t c "sin t and g(t) t" , then

sin
42.
converges
"
1 b
1 and '4
#$
c1
#$
b_
b_
'4
b_
for x 1 and '1
diverges
2
1
2 dt
t
converges
'e
ac2e
b 2e
b 2
x lim
_
"
1 c
x
ex
'1
1 2
"
b_
diverges by the Direct Comparison Test.
b_
ln (ln x) dx diverges by the Direct Comparison Test.
2
e
ex
ex c x
d lim
ex dx
x
(ln y) ey dy; 0 ln y (ln y) ey for y e and 'e ln y dy lim cy ln y c yd b _,

e
x lim
_
ex
diverges by the Direct Comparison Test.
1; '1
"
1 c 0
x 2
'1
dx
ln x
'1 e
dx
ex
dx converges '1
"
x 2 b
dx
x
ln e dy diverges
ex
'e
diverges '2
; x lim
_
ex
x
'e
"
which diverges
lim cc2e
dx
x
ln (ln x) dx; cx ey d
"
x
for x 2 and '2
"
ln x
'e
x 2
60.
dx; 0
b_
b_
b
c
lim <c4tc"# 4 lim 4 b 2 2
b
2 dt
t
ex
x
"
x
'1
dx
ex c x
2 b
2
2
dx lim <c x lim c b b 1
59.
'1
2
x
#$
dx
ln x
61.
b_
#$
'2
lim cln xd b _, which diverges
dx
x
converges by the Limit Comparison Test.
58.
;0
b_
dx converges by the Direct Comparison Test.
#$
2 dt
b1
lim cln xd b _,
2
dx
x
t_ t
; lim
1 b sin x
x
#
'4
'
converges
for x 1 and '
2
x
2 dt
c1
'4
" b sin x
x
57.
'2
x dx
x
dx diverges by the Direct Comparison Test.
dx; 0
2 dx
x
for x 1 and '
2 b cos x
x
'
1; '2
1 b sin x
x
"
1 c
x lim
_
'
2 b cos x
x
x dx
x c 1
x
x c 1
x lim
_
56.
"
x
dx; 0
'2
'
%
c%
2 b cos x
x
x
x
'
which diverges
55.
; x lim
_
x dx
x c 1
#$
'2
dx
x
dx converges by the Limit Comparison Test.
54.
b_
dx '1
x
x
b_
x b 1
x
%
"
#
b
c
lim <c2xc"# 1 lim 2 b 2 2 '1
b
b
1; '1
x lim
_
b_
x
x b 1
x lim
_
"
dx lim cln bd b _,
2
x
x
"
x
#$
dx; x lim
_
1; '2
x b 1
x
dx
x c 1
"
1 c
x lim
_
x
x c 1
'1
x lim
_
which diverges '2
53.
#
"
dx
x c 1 ; x lim
_
"
'2
"
c#
52.

_
514
dx
dx
ex c x
converges
by the Limit Comparison Test.
dx
x b 1
" b
"
lim <c x 1 lim c b b 1 1
b_
b_
b '1
'
_c
'0
dx
x b 1
'1
"
1 c0
dx
e x c2 x
1 and '1
dx
x b 1
dx
ex
lim cce x d b
1
b_
converges by the Limit Comparison Test.
dx
x b 1
%
; '0
dx
x b 1
_c
dx
x
2 '0
converges
'1
dx
x b 1
dx
ex
'
'1
"
x
1 c 2
e
'0
dx
x b 1
%
_
_
63.
x lim
_
b '1
"
b_
"
e
lim ace b b ec" b
ex
e x c2 x
dx
x
#
x lim
_
ex 2x
ex
; x lim
_
"
c
dx
ex c 2x
'1
62.
and

x
dx
ex b e
"
ex b e
;0
2'0
for x 0; '0
dx
ex b e
"
ex
dx
ex
converges 2 '0
'
dx
ex b e
converges by the
_c
_
64.
515
Direct Comparison Test.
b!
cp"b 1 t1 p
c
lim
dt
tp
ln 2
lim
b!
the integral converges for p 1 and diverges for p 1
(b)
; ct ln xd 'ln 2
'2
dx
x(ln x)p
dt
tp
ln 2
b1 p
pc1
c
; ct ln xd '0
"
1cp
(ln 2)1
dx
'12 x(ln x)
65. (a)
and this integral is essentially the same as in Exercise 65(a): it converges
for p 1 and diverges for p 1
_c
lim (ln 1) 0
lim cln ax# b 1bd
2x dx
x b1
b_
'
'
lim cln ab# b 1b c ln ab# b 1bd lim ln b

b
b_
b_
b_
b_
diverges. But lim
b_
b_
lim cln ax# b 1bd 0 lim cln ab# b 1bd c 0 lim ln ab# b 1b _ the integral
2x dx
x b1
2x
x b1
_c
'0
66.
b"
b1
b_
dx lim cce x d b lim ace b b c ace 0 b

0
dx lim ccxe x c e x d b lim acbe b c e b b c ac0 e 0 c e 0 b 0 b 1 1;

0
2x
2b
b_
b 1 lim c " e
#
0
b_
2b
cln ksec x b tan xk c ln ksec xkd b lim

0
b
c1
2
c1
b_
c1
"
"
c # c # e
20
0b
"
4
"
4
1
#
b "
#
ln 1 b
tan b
sec b
c ln k1 b 0k
ln k1 b sin bk ln 2
1 sec# x dx c '0 1 tan# x dx 1 '0 asec# x c tan# xb dx '0
1 csec# x c asec# x c 1bd dx
1
#
1 '0 dx
72. (a) V '0
"
c # e
dx 1 lim <c " e

#
71. A '0 (sec x c tan x) dx lim

lim
"
b_ #
dx 21 lim ccxe x c e x d b 21 lim acbe b c e b b c 1 21

0
b_
b lim
0
2x
2x
70. V '0 1 ae x b# dx 1 '0 e
"
<c # e
"
b_ #
dx 21 '0 xe
dx lim
b_
2x
69. V '0 21xe
'0
ae b dx
"
#
b_
'0
xe
"
2A
'0
"
A
b_
68. x
b_
0b11
67. A '0 e
(b) Souter '0 21 sec x1 b sec# x tan# x dx '0 21 sec x(sec x tan x) dx 1 lim
2
c1
2
ctan# xd 0 1 lim
ctan# bd c 0 1 lim
c1
atan bb _ Souter diverges; Sinner '0 21 tan x1 b sec% x dx

#
c1
c1
'0 21 tan x sec x dx 1 lim

1
c1
ctan bd c 0 1 lim
c1
1 lim
ctan# xd 0
atan# bb _
Sinner diverges
dx

"
b lim c 3 e
3
33
0b
for x 3, then '3 e
"
3
"
3
dx 0.000042 and therefore
dx can be replaced by '0 ecx dx without introducing an error greater than 0.000042.
(b)
3x
"
c c 3 e
dx 0.88621
=
'0 ecx
'03 ecx
0.0000411 0.000042. Since e
3b
b_
3x
b_
dx lim <c " e

3
3x
'3
73. (a)
516
#
" b
"
"
74. (a) V '1 1 " dx 1 lim <c x 1 1 lim c b c c 1 1(0 b 1) 1
x
b_
b_
(b) When you take the limit to _, you are no longer modeling the real world which is finite. The comparison
step in the modeling process discussed in Section 4.2 relating the mathematical world to the real world fails to hold.
75. (a)
(b) > int((sin(t))/t, t=0..infinity); answer is 1

#
(b) > f:= 2*exp(ct^2)/sqrt(Pi);

> int(f, t=0..infinity); (answer is 1)
76. (a)
77. (a) faxb
1
cx2 /2
21 e
f is increasing on (c_, 0]. f is decreasing on [0, _).

f has a local maximum at a0, fa0bb !
1
21

(b) Maple commands:
>f: exp(cx^2/2)(sqrt(2*pi);
>int(f, x c1..1);
>int(f, x c2..2);
>int(f, x c3..3);
517
0.683
0.954
0.997
(c) Part (b) suggests that as n increases, the integral approaches 1. We can take ' n f(x) dx as close to 1 as we want by
n
Thus, 'n f(x) dx 'n ecx/2 dx.
for x 1. (Likewise, 0 faxb ex/2 for x c1.)
ecx/2 dx lim 'n ecx/2 dx lim c c2ecx/2 dn lim c c2ecc/2 b 2ecn/2 d 2ecn/2
c
As n _, 2e
c_
c_
0, for large enough n, 'n
c_
cn/2
f(x) dx is as small as we want. Likewise for large enough n,
f(x) dx is as small as we want.

f(x) dx '
f(x) dx b 'a f(x) dx, 'b f(x) dx 'a f(x) dx c 'a f(x) dx
b
_c
_c
78. (a) The statement is true since '
'
f(x) dx as small as we want by choosing n large
'n
enough. This is because 0 faxb e
_c
cx/2
choosing n 1 large enough. Also, we can make 'n f(x) dx and '
_c
and 'a f(x) dx exists since f(x) is integrable on every interval [a b].
b
f(x) dx b 'b f(x) dx b 'a f(x) dx '

a
_c
f(x) dx b 'a f(x) dx c 'a f(x) dx b 'a f(x) dx

_
_c
'
f(x) dx b 'b f(x) dx

_
f(x) dx b 'a f(x) dx '

_
'a
_c
(b)
_c
79.

Maple:
f := (x,p) -> x^p*ln(x);
domain := 0..exp(1);
fn_list := [seq( f(x,p), p=-2..2 )];
plot( fn_list, x=domain, y=-50..10, color=[red,blue,green,cyan,pink], linestyle=[1,3,4,7,9], thickness=[3,4,1,2,0],
legend=["p= -2","p = -1","p = 0","p = 1","p = 2"], title="#79 (Section 8.7)" );
q1 := Int( f(x,p), x=domain );
q2 := value( q1 );
q3 := simplify( q2 ) assuming p>-1;
q4 := simplify( q2 ) assuming p<-1;
q5 := value( eval( q1, p=-1 ) );
i1 := q1 = piecewise( p<-1, q4, p=-1, q5, p>-1, q3 );
80.

Maple:
f := (x,p) -> x^p*ln(x);
domain := exp(1)..infinity;
fn_list := [seq( f(x,p), p=-2..2 )];
plot( fn_list, x=exp(1)..10, y=0..100, color=[red,blue,green,cyan,pink], linestyle=[1,3,4,7,9], thickness=[3,4,1,2,0],
legend=["p = -2","p = -1","p = 0","p = 1","p = 2"], title="#80 (Section 8.7)" );
q7 := value( q6 );
q8 := simplify( q7 ) assuming p>-1;
q9 := simplify( q7 ) assuming p<-1;
518

q10 := value( eval( q6, p=-1 ) );
i2 := q6 = piecewise( p<-1, q9, p=-1, q10, p>-1, q8 );
81.

Maple:
f := (x,p) -> x^p*ln(x);
domain := 0..infinity;
fn_list := [seq( f(x,p), p=-2..2 )];
plot( fn_list, x=0..10, y=-50..50, color=[red,blue,green,cyan,pink], linestyle=[1,3,4,7,9], thickness=[3,4,1,2,0],
q11 := Int( f(x,p), x=domain ):
q11 = lhs(i1+i2);
`` = rhs(i1+i2);
`` = piecewise( p<-1, q4+q9, p=-1, q5+q10, p>-1, q3+q8 );
`` = piecewise( p<-1, -infinity, p=-1, undefined, p>-1, infinity );
82.

Maple:
f := (x,p) -> x^p*ln(abs(x));
domain := -infinity..infinity;
fn_list := [seq( f(x,p), p=-2..2 )];
plot( fn_list, x=-4..4, y=-20..10, color=[red,blue,green,cyan,pink], linestyle=[1,3,4,7,9],
q12p := Int( f(x,p), x=0..infinity );
q12n := Int( f(x,p), x=-infinity..0 );
q12 = q12p + q12n;
`` = simplify( q12p+q12n );
79-82. Example CAS commands:

Mathematica: (functions and domains may vary)
Clear[x, f, p]
f[x_]:= xp Log[Abs[x]]
int = Integrate[f[x], {x, e, 100)]
int /. p 2.5
In order to plot the function, a value for p must be selected.
p = 3;
Plot[f[x], {x, 2.72, 10}]
CHAPTER 8 PRACTICE EXERCISES
1. u ln (x b 1), du
dx
xb1
; dv dx, v x;
x
' ln (x b 1) dx x ln (x b 1) c ' x b 1 dx x ln (x b 1) c ' dx b ' x dx 1 x ln (x b 1) c x b ln (x b 1) b C"
b
(x b 1) ln (x b 1) c x b C" (x b 1) ln (x b 1) c (x b 1) b C, where C C" b 1

u ln x, du
dx
x
; dv x# dx, v
"
3
x$ ;
"
"
"
' x# ln x dx 3 x$ ln x c ' 3 x$ x dx x3
ln x c
x
9
2.
bC
Chapter 8 Practice Exercises

3 dx
1 b 9x
; dv dx, v x;
3. u tanc" 3x, du
dx
' tanc" 3x dx x tanc" 3x c ' 13x 9x
b
"
6
' dy
y
"
6
ln a1 b 9x# b b C
c dx
4 c x
; dv dx, v x;
' cosc" x dx x cosc" x b ' x dx

#
#
4 cx
4. u cosc" x , du
#
x tanc" (3x) c
y 1 b 9x#
x tanc" 3x c
dy 18x dx
y 4 c x#
x cosc" x c
#
dy c2x dx
"
#
dy
' y
#
x cosc" x c 4 c x# b C x cosc" x c 21 c x b C
#
#
#
ex
5.
b
(x b 1)# ex
c
2(x b 1) ex
b
2
ex
' (x b 1)# ex dx c(x b 1)# c 2(x b 1) b 2d ex b C
0
sin (1 c x)
6.
b
x#
c
2x
b
2
cos (1 c x)
c sin (1 c x)
c cos (1 c x)
' x# sin (1 c x) dx x# cos (1 c x) b 2x sin (1 c x) c 2 cos (1 c x) b C
7. u cos 2x, du c2 sin 2x dx; dv ex dx, v ex ;

I ' ex cos 2x dx ex cos 2x b 2 ' ex sin 2x dx;
u sin 2x, du 2 cos 2x dx; dv ex dx, v ex ;
I ex cos 2x b 2 ex sin 2x c 2 ' ex cos 2x dx ex cos 2x b 2ex sin 2x c 4I I
2x
3
sin 3x c 4 e
2x
c " e
#
cos 3x c
3
#
'e
2x
2x
sin 3x dx c " e
#
2
cos 3x b C c 13 e
2x
2x
sin 3x c
3
13
sin 3x c 3 e
4
2x
2x
cos 3x c 9 I
4
cos 3x b C
x dx
dx
' x c 3x b 2 ' x2c 2 c ' x dx 1 2 ln kx c 2k c ln kx c 1k b C
c
#
9.
4
13
2x
sin 3x b 3 c " e
#
#
dx, v c " e
#
2x
10.
x dx
3
3
"
"
' x b 4x b 3 # ' xdx3 c # ' x dx 1 # ln kx b 3k c # ln kx b 1k b C
b
b
11.
' x(xdx 1)
b
12.
b1
2
2
' x x(xc1) dx ' xc1 c x c x" dx 2 ln xc" b " b C c2 ln kxk b " b 2 ln kx c 1k b C
x
x
x
1
xb1
c1
(x b 1)
dx ln kxk c ln kx b 1k b
"
xb1
bC
' " c
x
2ex sin 2x
5
cos 3x dx;
Ic"e
#
'e
2x
2x
u cos 3x, du c3 sin 3x dx; dv e
3
2
2x
sin 3x b
2x
sin 3x dx c e
I'e
"
#
2x
dx, v c " e
#
2x
8. u sin 3x, du 3 cos 3x dx; dv e
ex cos 2x
5
bC
519
' cos )sin ) d)) c 2 ; ccos ) yd

b cos
#
13.
"
3
c'
c"'
3
dy
y byc2
#
520
dy
yc1
"
3
yb2
"
' y dy# 3 ln y c 1 b C
b
cos b
c
ln cos ) c 2 b C c " ln cos ) b 1 b C
) 1
3
cos ) 2
14.
cos ) d
' sin ) b sin )) c 6 ; csin ) xd
15.
4x
' 3x xb b xb 4 dx '
16.
dx
x
' x4xbdx ' x4 b 4 2 tanc" # b C
4x
17.
3) dv
"
' (v bc 8v # '
2v
dx
x bxc6
xc4
x b1
"
5
"
"
c
' xdx 2 c 5 ' xdx 3 5 ln sin ) b 2 b C
sin ) 3
c
b
dx 4 ln kxk c
"
#
ln ax# b 1b b 4 tanc" x b C
3
c 4v b
5
8(v c 2)
"
8(v b #)
dv c 3 ln kvk b
8
5
16
ln kv c 2k b
"
16
ln kv b 2k b C
ln (v c 2)v (v b 2) b C
"
16
&
'
dx c '
4
x
'
18.
dv
' (v c (3v cc7) dv c 3) ' (c2) 1 b '
1)(v 2)(v
vc
19.
dt
"
"
' t b 4t b 3 " ' t dt 1 c # ' t dt 3 # tanc" t c
#
b
b
20.
dt
dt
"
"
"
' t ct tdtc 2 " ' t t c 2 c 3 ' t t b 1 6 ln kt# c 2k c 6 ln at# b 1b b C
3
21.
2
4
' x xbb x 2 dx ' x b x b2x c 2 dx ' x dx b 3 ' x dx 1 b 3 ' x dx 2 x#
xc
x
c
b
22.
' x b 1 dx ' 1 b xx b "x dx ' 1 b x(x "c 1) dx ' dx b ' x dx 1 c ' dx x

x cx
c
c
x
23.
' x xbb 4x 3 dx ' x c x b3x b 3 dx '

4x b
4x
24.
'
dv
vc3
ln (v c 2)(v c 3) b C
(v c 1)
#
"
# 3
"
#
t
tanc" 3 b C
tanc" t c
4
3
ln kx b 2k b
$
$
9
' x dx 1 c # ' xdx3 x#
b
b
dx ' (2x c 3) dx b
"
3
9
#
ln kx c 1k b C
ln kx b 3k b
3
#
ln kx b 1k b C
2
' x dx# b 3 ' x dx 4
c
b
2
3
"
"
"
"
' au ucdub u 3 ' u du 1 c 3 ' u du 1 3 ln ku c 1k c 3 ln ku b 1k b C
1
c
b
27.
' e ds 1 ; du es ds
c
$#
u es c 1
du
ub1
3u du
u (1 b u)
$
'
bC
26.
ds
3
#
2
3
3
u x
dx
dx
'
; du 3x
3
x 1 b x
#
dx 3u du
bC
ln kx c 2k b C
dx 2u du
ln
x b 2x c 8
#
"
3
x dx b
u x b 1
"
3
t
3
b ln kx c 1k c ln kxk b C
<(2x c 3) b
dx
' x 3x b 1 ; du 2dxb 1
x
tanc"
3'
du
u(1 b u)
3
x
u
3 ln u b 1 b C 3 ln 1 b x b C
3
u
' u(udu 1) c' udu1 b ' du ln u b 1 b C ln e ec " b C ln k1 c e
u
b
b
s
'
2x b x c 21x b 24
dx
x b 2x c 8
2
x# c 3x b 3 ln kx b 4k
x b 1 c "
x b 1 b 1
3
6
25.
b'
dv
vc2
kbC

du
uc"
' u a2u du1b 2 ' (u b 1)(u c 1) ' u du 1 c ' u du 1 ln u b 1 b C
c
b
u c
u c1
#
'
28.
s
u esb 1
e
ds
du ds
es b 1 ;
2 e s b1
ds 2u du
ln es b 1 c " b C
e b1b1
s
c4 cos x b C c
416 c y
4
b C c16 c y# b C
a
' d4 b x b 4 b x# b C
4bx
; cx 2 tan yd
2
' 2 sin4)coscos ) d) ' tan ) d) c ln kcos )k b C c ln 4 2c x b C
)
#
; cx 2 sin )d
"
c # ln k4 c x# k b C
d a4 c x b
4cx
#
"
c#'
' 2 tan y2 sec y dy 2 ' sec y tan y dy 2 sec y b C 4 b x# b C

2 sec y
#
#
#
(b)
sin x cos x dx
cos x
' 4xcdx
x
' 4xcdx
x
31. (a)
"
#
4bx
; cy 4 sin xd 4 '
(b)
' x dx
4bx
' x dx
c16 c y# b C
#
30. (a)
d a16 c y b
16 c y
#
y
' 16dy y
c
(b)
c"'
#
y
' 16dy y
c
29. (a)
c " ln k4 c x# k b C
#
; <t
c 1b
4t c 1
"
#
"
4
sec )
4t# c 1 b C
'
#
#
u 9 c x#
"
c#'
du c2x dx
#
"
' t dt
4t c1
a
' d4t
sec ) tan ) sec ) d)

tan )
#
"
(b)
"
8
"
4
' sec# ) d) tan ) b C 4t4 c 1 b C

4
#
4t c 1
' t dt
32. (a)
33.
' 9xcdx
x
34.
"
"
"
"
"
"
' x a9dx x b 9 ' dx b 18 ' 3 dx x c 18 ' 3 dx x 9 ln kxk c 18 ln k3 c xk c 18 ln k3 b xk b C
c
x
c
b
du
u
"
c # ln kuk b C ln
"
u
b C ln
"
9 c x
bC
"
9
ln kxk c
"
18
ln k9 c x# k b C
35.
dx
' 9cx
36.
' dx
37.
' sin3 x cos4 x dx ' cos4 xa1 c cos2 xbsin x dx ' cos4 x sin x dx c ' cos6 x sin x dx c cos x b cos x b C
5
7
9cx
38.
"
6
"
"
"
"
xb3
' 3 dx x b 6 ' 3dxx c 6 ln k3 c xk b 6 ln k3 b xk b C 6 ln x c 3 b C
c
b
x 3 sin )
dx 3 cos ) d)
x
' 3 cos ) d) ' d) ) b C sinc" 3 b C
3 cos )
' cos5 x sin5 x dx ' sin5 x cos4 x cos x dx ' sin5 x a1 c sin2 xb2 cos x dx
' sin5 x cos x dx c 2' sin7 x cos x dx b ' sin9 x cos x dx sin x c 2sin x b sin x b C
6
8
10
6
10
39.
' tan4 x sec2 x dx tan x b C

5
40.
' tan3 x sec3 x dx ' asec2 x c 1b sec2 x sec x tan x dx ' sec4 x sec x tan x dx c ' sec2 x sec x tan x dx
sec5 x
5
sec3 x
3
bC
521
522
41.
"
' sin 5) cos 6) d) " ' asinac)b b sina11)bb d) " ' sinac)b d) b " ' sina11)b d) " cosac)b c ## cos 11) b C
#
#
#
#
" cos ) c
#
"
## cos
11) b C
42.
' cos 3) cos 3) d) " ' acos 0 b cos 6)b d) " '
#
#
d) b
43.
' 1 b cos 2t dt ' 2 cos
t
4
44.
' et tan2 et b 1 dt ' k sec et k et dt lnk sec et b tan et k b C

3c"
180
%
45. kEs k
t
4
(x)% M where x
dt 42 sin
3c"
n
2
n
; f(x)
"
x
"
#
1
' cos 6) d) " ) b 12 sin 6) b C
#
bC
xc" f w (x) cxc# f ww (x) 2xc$ f'''(x) c6xc%
(x) 24xc& which is decreasing on [1 3] maximum of f % (x) on [1 3] is f % (1) 24 M 24. Then

c
2 %
768
"
"
180
768
kEs k 0.0001 3180" n (24) 0.0001 180 n 0.0001 n (0.0001) 768 n% 10,000 180
%
n 14.37 n 16 (n must be even)
bca
n
1c0
6
3n
#
1
6
1000 n
x
#
1
1#
"
n ;0
2000
3
f ww (x) 8 M 8. Then kET k 10c$
! mf(xi ) 12 T 1 (12) 1 ;
12
i 0
! mf(xi ) 18 and
i 0
x
3
1
18
1
S 18 (18) 1 .
48. f % (x) 3 M 3; x
2c"
n
"
n
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
x&
x'
f(xi )
0
1/2
3/2
2
3/2
1/2
0
m
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
mf(xi )
0
1
3
4
3
1
0
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
x&
x'
xi
0
1/6
1/3
1/2
21/3
51/6
1
f(xi )
0
1/2
3/2
2
3/2
1/2
0
m
1
4
2
4
2
4
1
mf(xi )
0
2
3
8
3
2
0
c
. Hence kEs k 10c& 2180" " (3) 10c&
n
"
60n
n 6.38 n 8 (n must be even)

49. yav
" <
21
21
c37 365 cos < 365 (365 c 101) b 25(365) c c37 365 cos < 365 (0 c 101) b 25(0)
365
21
21
37
21
37
21
37
21
21
c 21 cos 365 (264) b 25 b 21 cos 365 (c101) c 21 cos 365 (264) c cos 365 (c101) b
37
c #1 (0.16705 c 0.16705) b 25 25 F
50. av(Cv )
"
655
"
675c20
675
"
"
'20 c8.27 b 10c& a26T c 1.87T# bd dT 655 <8.27T b 103
&
10c& n%
10
60
21
"
21
'0365 <37 sin 365 (x c 101) b 25 dx 365 <c37 365 cos 365 (x c 101) b 25x $'&
21
!
T# c
0.62333
10
&
"
365 c 0
" # (8) 10c$

n
xi
0
1/6
1/3
1/2
21/3
51/6
1
"
12
n 25.82 n 26
47. x
10c$
1c0
n
#
&
2
3n
(x)# M where x
#
1c0
12
46. kET k
25
'(&
T$ #!
[(5582.25 b 59.23125 c 1917.03194) c (165.4 b 0.052 c 0.04987)] 5.434;
8.27 b 10c& a26T c 1.87T# b 5.434 1.87T# c 26T c 283,600 0 T
26b676 b 4(1.87)(283,600)
#(1.87)
396.45 C

1
12
hour.
2.42 gal
x!
x"
x#
x$
x%
x5
x'
x(
x)
b!
lim
lim
b3
<sinc" x b lim
3
0
b3
cx ln x c xd 1 (1 ln 1 c 1) c lim
b
b!
9cx
'01 ln x dx
b3
'0b dx
54.
9cx
lim
'03 dx
53.
f(xi )
0
36
54
51
49.5
54
64.4
67.5
42
m
1
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
1
sinc" b c sinc" 0
3
3
cb ln b c bd c1 c lim
b!
The cost is Area a$2.10/ft2 b a6059 ft2 ba$2.10/ft2 b

$12,723.90 the job cannot be done for $11,000.
xi
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
1
#
mf(xi )
0
144
108
204
99
216
128.8
270
42
1
#
c0
ln b
b
"
52. Using the Simpson's rule, x 15 x 5;

3
! mf(xi ) 1211.8 Area a1211.8ba5b 6059 ft2 ;
c1 c lim
b!
29
12
"
b 2a2.4b b 2a2.3b b b 2a2.4b b 2.3 d

(b) a60 mphb 12 hours/gal 24.83 mi/gal
29
1
2.5
24 c
c1 b 0 c 1
&$
c '3
b '2
diverges
'
d)
() b 1)
2
&$
"
v
4
4v c 1
b_
b_
dv lim <ln v c
b_
61.
'
dx
4x b 9
_c
_c
_
63.
lim
) _ ) b 1
4 dx
x b 16
#
2'0
"
#
'0
dx
x b9
4
1
6
lim
b c_
"
# b lim
_
"
"
"
b e3b c 9 e3b c 9 c 0 c 9
3
2
< 3 tanc" 2x b
3
0
"
# b lim
_
2
< 3 tanc" 2b c
3
"
3
tanc" (0)
b
x
b
2 lim <tanc" 4 0 2 lim <tanc" 4 c tanc" (0) 2 1 c 0 1
#
b_
1 and '6
'
d)
)
b_
diverges '6
62.
b_
d)
) b 1
#
dx
4x b 9
2 '0
"
< x e3x c " e3x 0 c 9 c
3
9
b
lim
b c_
2 1 c 0
3 #
4 dx
x b 16
b_
"
#
3
4
dx lim ccx# e x c 2xe x c 2e x d 0 lim acb# e b c 2be b c 2e b b c (c2) 0 b 2 2

c
b 1 b ln 3 1 b ln
xe3x dx
c ln (4v c 1) 1
'0
"
4
"
v
60.
diverges
b
lim <ln u c 2 3 lim <ln b c 2 c ln 3 c 2 0 c ln " ln 3
u
b
3
3
b_
x# e
converges if each integral converges, but
d)
() b 1)
"
lim <ln 4b b 1 c b c (ln 1 c 1 c ln 3) ln
c
'0
b"$ 6
du
u
&$
dv '1 " b
v
59.
b!
du
uc2
d)
)
d)
() b 1)
'3
<y"$ 1 6 1 c lim
b
&$
1 and '2
b!
&$
3v c 1
4v c v
'1
58.
&$
2 du
u c 2u
b'
'3
d)
() b 1)
2 3 lim
dy
y
&$
57.
2 '0
dy
y
&$
$#
'
lim
) _ ()b1)
b '0
dy
y
$#
d)
() b 1)
$#
'
$#
56.
'
' 11 ydy
55.
diverges
#
"
51. (a) Each interval is 5 min
523
_c
_

cos ud b c '0 e
0
b_
dx
x a1 b e x b
converges
b '1
lim a1 b ex b 2 and '0

x0
dx
x a1 b e x b
dx
x
diverges
'01 x a1dx e b diverges

b
x
#
"
"
b a#
#
u x
du #dxx
2
2
' u 12u udu ' 2u# c 2u b 2 c 1 b u du 3 u$ c u# b 2u c 2 ln k1 b uk b C
b
#
_c
diverges
' 2 c cos x b sin x dx '

sin x
sinc" (x b 1) b C
2 csc# x dx c '
cos x dx
sin x
#
73.
d(x b 1)
1 c (x b 1)
'
b ' csc x dx c2 cot x b
"
sin x
c ln kcsc x b cot xk b C
c2 cot x b csc x c ln kcsc x b cot xk b C

74.
sin
' cos )) d) ' 1 c cos) ) d) ' sec# ) d) c ' d) tan ) c ) b C
cos
75.
dv
' 819c v
76.
'2
dx
(x c 1)
"
#
"
"
b
' v dv 9 b 12 ' 3 dv v b 1"# ' 3 dv v 12 ln 3 c v b " tanc" v b C
b
c
b
3 v
6
3
#
b
"
"
lim < 1 c x 2 lim < 1 c b c (c1) 0 b 1 1
b_
b_
cos (2) b 1)
77.
b
)
c
1
0
"
#
ln kx c 2k b C
'
5
#
sin# ) b C ln xx b 1 c " xx b 1 b C
#
72.
dx
c2x c x
ln kx b 2k c
"
#
3
#
sec ) d
' tan ) sec )) ' cos ))d) ' 1 c sin) ) d(sin ))
sin
sin
#
ln ksin )k c
x tan )
dx sec# ) d)
5
' x dx 2 c # ' x dx 2 c x#
b
c
_c
#$
3
#
dx
x ax b 1 b
x dx c
_c
_c
_
c x b 2x c 2 ln 1 b x b C
b2
' x cbx2 dx c ' x b 4x c 4 dx c '
4
x
'
b '0
dx
x
1 x a1 b e b
#
x a1 b e x b
x
x0
2 dx
ex b e
b'
dx
x a1 b e x b
dt converges
'
converges
4 dx
ex
e t
t
71.
70.
2x
3
lim
dx
x a1 b e x b
x
' 1 bdx x ;
ex
'0
'
2 dx
ex b e
x 0 x
69.
'
dx
x a1 b e x b
lim
2'0
_c
'
68.
2 dx
ex b e
'
'1
67.
e t for t 1 and '1 e t dt converges
e t
t
b_
diverges
66. 0
dz (ln2z) b lim (ln#z) 1 c 0 b lim (ln2b) c " _

2
#
ln z
z
dz b 'e
ln z
z
dz '1
ln z
z
sin ud b c '0 ae u b cos u du

0
converges
#
'1
65.
"
#
b_
I 1 b 0 c I 2I 1 I
sin u du 1 b lim ce
b_
cos u du lim cce
64. I '0 e
524
sin (2) b 1)
c " cos (2) b 1)
4
)
' ) cos (2) b 1) d) # sin (2) b 1) b " cos (2) b 1) b C
4

x dx
c
' x c 2x b 1 ' x b 2 b x 3x2x 2 1 dx '
c b
$
y2cx
c'
dy c dx
2 c x
sin 2x
y$# c 4y"# b C
2
3
2
3
2
#
(2 c x)$# c 4(2 c x)"# b C
c 22 c x b C
sin
cos
' cos )sin )) d) ' a1 csin ))b d) ' csc# ) d) c ' d) cot ) c ) b C
dv; cv sin )d
bC
1 c v
v
csinc" v c
2
#
cos 2x dx c
(2 c y) dy
y
sec# ) b C
' 1vc v
dx
(x c 1)
2cx
"
4
bC
' x dx
"
#(1 b cos 2))
1 b cos 4x dx c2 '
82.
d(1 b cos 2))

(1 b cos 2))
b'
bC
81.
"
c#'
2)
' (1sincos d)))
b
2
'
"
xc1
b 2x b 3 ln kx c 1k c
dx
xc1
x
#
80.
79.
(x b 2) dx b 3 '
78.
83.
c
' y cdy b 2 ' (yd(y1) 1) 1 tanc" (y c 1) b C
c
b
2y
84.
'
85.
1
' z azzbb 4b dz " ' " b z"
4
z
dx
1bx
"
#
dz
"
4
b1
3
bC
"
4z
ln kzk c
x# ex c ex b C
"
8
"
8
ln az# b 4b c
ax c 1 b e x
#
tanc"
z
#
bC
bC
"
c 4 9 c 4t# b C
; dv
"
,vcx;
dx
x
#
88. u tanc" x, du
d a9 c 4t b
9 c 4t
#
c"'
8
d a x# b
9 c 4t
' x# ex
' t dt
"
#
zb1
z b4
87.
dx
sinc" x
' x$ ex
"
#
86.
9 c ax b 1 b
d ax b 1 b
#
'
"
#
x dx
8 c 2x c x
"
"
' tan x x dx c x tanc" x b ' x a1dx x b c x tanc" x b ' dx c ' 1xbdx
x
x
b
"c
cet xd
xb"
ln kx b 1k c ln kx b 2k b C ln x b # b C
"
4e2b
cb
lim 2e2b c
'0
xex
e3x
c 0 c "
4
c ' tan t dt
dx '0 xe
2x
tan t
#
c ln ksec tk b C
dx lim <c x e
#
b_
2x
"
c4e
2x
b
0
"
4
(sin v)
cot v
v dv
' ln (sindv ' (sincosln (sin v) ; u ln cos v dv
v)
v)
du
x ln y
; dx dy
y
dy ex dx
tan t
#
(tan t) asec# t c 1b dt
91.
'1
92.
dx
xb#
' tan$ t dt '
b_
b ln kxk c ln 1 b x# b C
bC
90.
ln y dy
y
dx
' (x b 1)(x b 2) ' x dx 1 c '
b
et dt
b 3et b 2 ;
t
ln et b "
e b#
2t
'e
ln a1 b x# b b C c tanx
"c
89.
"
#
c " tanc" x b ln kxk c

x
sin v
' du ln kuk b C ln kln (sin v)k b C

u
525
526
93.
' eln x dx ' x dx 2 x$# b C

3
94.
' e) 3 b 4e) d);
95.
sin 5t
' 1 b (cos dt
5t)
96.
' dv
97.
' 1 bdrr ;
98.
c 10x b
c
' x 4x 10x20x 9 dx ' d xx c 10x b 99 ln kx% c 10x# b 9k b C
c
b
99.
x
' 1bx
u r
dr
du 2r
100.
x
' 1bx
101.
' 1bx
1bx
dx 3'
dx;
1 b x2
1 b x3
2
x
1 b x2
3x2
1 b x3
secc" x b C secc" aev b b C
2
' 2ubdu ' 2 c 1 b u du 2u c 2 ln k1 b uk b C 2r c 2 ln 1 b r b C
1 u
dx ' ax c
dx
x x c 1
"
"
c 5 tanc" u b C c 5 tanc" (cos 5t) b C
'
x ev
dx ev dv
du
1bu
"
"
' 3 b u du 4 2 (3 b u)$# b C 6 a3 b 4e) b$# b C
3
u cos 5t
"
c5'
du c5 sin 5t dt
;
1
"
4
e2v
u 4e)
du 4e) d)
2x
b dx ' x dx c 1 ' 1 b x
2
1
1
dx 2 x2 c 2 lna1 b x2 b b C
dx 3lnl1 b x3 l b C
A
1bx
Bx b C
1 c x b x2
1 b x2 Aa1 c x b x2 b b aBx b Cba1 b xb
aA b Bbx b acA b B b Cbx b aA b Cb A b B 1 cA b B b C 0, A b C 1 A 2 , B 1 , C 1 ;

3
3
3
3
uxc "
#

du dx
1
3
'
a 1 3 b x b 1 3
1 c x b x2
ub 3
2
b u2
2
1 ln 3 b x c " b
6
4
#
2
3
dx;
2
1bx
' x1 b x dx;
103.
1
a1 b x b 2
'
3
4
u
b u2
du b
1
2
'
3
4
1
b u2
dx
1 b au c 1 b 2
u3
1 lnl1 c x b x2 l b
6
du '
2
3
1
1
' 1 b x dx b 3 '
du 1 ln 3 b u2 b
6
4
?2 c 2u b 2
u3
3
4
xb1
2
b x c
dx;
1
u
c1
3 tan 32
1
c1 2x c 1
3 tan 3
2
1
dx 3 lnl1 b xl b 6 lnl1 c x b x2 l b
u1bx
'
du dx
lnl1 b xl b
1
3
1
c1 x c
3 tan 32
1
1
xb1
' 1 b x dx b 3 ' 1 c x b x
' a1 b x b
1bx
102.
du
3
4
2
1
1
xb1
b dx 3 ' 1 b x dx b 3 ' 1 c x b x
#
"
dx ' a 12b3x b
#
"
' 1bx
1bx
du '
1
u
1
c1 2x c 1
3 tan 3
du c '
2
u2
bC
du b '
2
u3
du lnlul b
2
u
bC
w x w2 x
2
' 2w 1 b w dw
2w dw dx
1 b w
b
2w2
c
4w
b
4
2
3 a1
b wb32
4
15 a1
8
105 a1
0
3 2
4 x1 b x c
3
b wb52
b wb72
' 2w2 1 b w dw 4 w2 a1 b wb32 c

3
16
x 1
15
52
b x b
32
105 1
16
15 wa1
b wb52 b
32
105 a1
72
b x b C
b wb72 b C
1
u2
bC

104.
' 1 b 1 b x dx; w 1 b x w2 1 b x ' 2w 1 b w dw;

2w dw dx
3 2
u 2w, du 2 dw, dv 1 b w dw, v 2 a1 b wb
3
8
' 2w 1 b w dw 4 wa1 b wb32 c ' 4 a1 b wb32 dw 4 wa1 b wb32 c 15 a1 b wb52 b C
3
3
3
4 1 b x1 b 1 b x
3
105.
3 2
1
' x1 b x dx; u x u
'2
du '
1 b u2
2u du dx
2sec2 )
sec )
8
15 1
b 1 b x
'
2
1 b u2
52
bC
du; u tan ), c 1 ) 1 , du sec2 ) d), 1 b u2 sec )

2
2
d) ' 2 sec ) d) 2lnlsec ) b tan )l b C 2 ln1 b u2 b u b C
2 ln1 b x b x b C
106.
' 12 1 b 1 c x2 dx;
0
x sin ), c 1 ) 1 , dx cos ) d), 1 c x2 cos ), x 0 sin ) ) 0, x

2
2
1 6
1 b cos ) cos ) d) '
16 1ccos2 )
1 c cos )
cos ) d) '0
16
sin ) cos )
1 c cos )
u cos ), du csin ) d), dv

1 6
lim 2 cos ) a1 c cos )b12

c 0
lim 2 cos 1 1 c cos 1

6
6
c0
b
lim 3 1 c
c 0
lim 3 1 c
c 0
b
3 1 c
107.
3 1 2
2
b 'c
1 2
1 6
d)
sin )
1 c cos )
lim
c0
'0
"
#
sin ) ) 1
6
sin
' 16 ) cos )
1 c cos )
d) ;
d), v 2a1 c cos )b12
2a1 c cos )b12 sin ) d)

1 6
4
c 2 cos c a1 c cos cb12 b 3 a1 c cos )b32
3 1 2
2
3 2
c 2 cos c a1 c cos cb12 b 4 1 c cos 1 c 4 a1 c cos cb32
3
6
3
3 1 2
2
4
c 2 cos c a1 c cos cb12 b 3 1 c
4
b 3 1 c
3 32
2
1 c
3 3 2
2
3 12 4 b 3
3
2
4
c 3 a1 c cos cb32
4 b 32c3
3 2
' x blnxxln x dx ' xa1 ln xln xb dx; u 1 b ln x ' u c 1 du ' du c ' 1 du u c lnlul b C
1
b
u
u
du x dx
a1 b ln xb c lnl1 b ln xl b C ln x c lnl1 b ln xl b C
108.
109.
1
1
' x ln xlnaln xb dx; u lna1ln xb ' u du lnlul b C lnllnaln xbl b C
du
'x
ln x
ln x
dx;
x
x ln x dx
2
1
u xln x ln u ln xln x aln xb u du
2 ln x
x
dx du
2u ln x
x
dx
2xln x ln x
x
dx
"
#
' du
" u b C " xln x b C

#
#
110.
' aln xbln x 1 b lnaln xb dx; u aln xbln x ln u ln aln xbln x aln xb ln aln xb 1 du axln xxb b lnaln xb dx
x
x
u
ln
x
du u 1 b
x
lnaln xb
x dx
1
aln xbln x x b
lnaln xb
x dx
' du u b C aln xbln x b C
527
528
'
111.
dx '
1
x 1 c x4
1
2
x
x2 1 c x4
dx; x2 sin ), 0 ) 1 , 2x dx cos ) d), 1 c x4 cos )

2
' csc ) d) c 1 lnlcsc ) b cot )l b C c 1 ln x1

2
2
1 c x4
x2
b C c 1 ln 1 b
2
2u
' 1xc x dx; u 1 c x u2 1 c x 2u du cdx ' 1cc u
du '
112.
2
u2 c 1
A
uc1
B
ub1
1 c x4
x2
2u2
u2 c 1
1
2
)
' sincoscos ) d)
)
bC
du ' 2 b
2
u2 c 1 du;
2 Aau b 1b b Bau c 1b aA b Bbu b A c B A b B 0, A c B 2
A 1 B c1; ' 2 b
2
u2 c 1 du
1
' 2 du b ' a u c 1 c
1
ub1
b du
2u b lnlu c 1l c lnlu b 1l b C 21 c x b 1 ln 1 c x c 1 b C
2
1cxb1
' a faa c xb dx; u a c x du cdx, x 0 u a, x a u 0 c' 0 faub du ' a faub du, which is
113. (a)
the same integral as '0 faxb dx.
12
cos x
sin x
cos x b sin x dx 2 0
sin x b cos x dx
12
12
x 1 2 0 sin xsin x x dx 1
2
b cos
2
0
'
12
sin 2 cos x c cos 2 sin x

sin 2 cos x c cos 2 sin x b cos 2 cos x b sin 2 sin x
1
dx '0
'
1 2
sin 2 c x
c x b cos 2 c x
'0
' 12 sin xsin x x dx ' 12 sin

b cos
(b)
sin x b cos x
' 12 sin xsin x x dx b ' 12 cos cos xsin x dx ' 12 sin x b cos x dx ' 12 dx
b cos
xb
'
0
12
sin x
sin x b cos x
dx
1
4
c
xb
sin x cos
cos
sin
x
' sin xsin x x dx ' sin x b cos xsin xcos cos xsin x c sin x dx ' sin x b cos x dx b ' csin xxbbcos xx dx b ' sincsincos x dx
b cos
b
b
x
xb
x c sin
sin
sin
' dx c ' cos x b cos x dx c ' sin x bx x dx x c lnlsin x b cos xl c ' sin x bx x dx
sin
x
cos
cos
sin x
sin x
x
1
2' sin x b cos x dx x c lnlsin x b cos xl ' sin x b cos x dx 2 c 2 lnlsin x b cos xl b C
114.
sin x
' 1 b sin x dx '
2
115.
' dx c '
dx '
sin2 x
cos2 x
1
sin2
b cos2x
cos2 x
x
sec2 x
1 b 2tan2 x
dx x c
tan2 x
sec2 x b tan2 x
dx '
1
c1
2 tan 2 tan x
tan2 x b sec2 x c sec2 x

sec2 x b tan2 x
dx '
tan2 x b sec2 x
sec2 x b tan2 x
dx c '
sec2 x
sec2 x b tan2 x
dx
bC
1 c cos
cos x
x
' 1 c cos x dx ' a1 c cos xxb dx ' 1 c 2cos x b cos x dx ' sin1 x dx c ' 2cosxx dx b ' cos x dx
1b
sin x
sin
sin
' csc2 x dx c 2' csc x cot x dx b ' cot2 x dx ccot x b 2csc x b ' acsc2 x c 1bdx c2cot x b 2csc x c x b C
2
116.
CHAPTER 8 ADDITIONAL AND ADVANCED EXERCISES
2 asin
c"
2x sin x dx
1 c x
2x
; dv c dx , v 21 c x# ;
1cx
"c
x dx
1cx
dx
1 c x
"c
sin
c' 2x
"
x
; dv dx, v x;
asinc" xb dx x asinc" xb c '
u sinc" x, du
'
"c
'
2 sin x dx
1 c x
#
1. u asinc" xb , du
2.
dx
xb 1 c x# c ' 2 dx 2 asinc" xb 1 c x# c 2x b C; therefore
asinc" xb dx x asinc" xb b 2 asinc" xb 1 c x# c 2x b C
"
x
"
"
x(x b 1) x
"
x(x b 1)(x b 2)
"
xb1 ,
"
"
2x c x b 1
"
#(x b 2)
Chapter 8 Additional and Advanced Exercises

"
"
"
"
"
x(x b 1)(x b 2)(x b 3) 6x c #(x b 1) b #(x b 2) c 6(x b 3) ,
"
"
"
"
"
x(x b 1)(x b 2)(x b 3)(x b 4) #4x c 6(x b 1) b 4(x b #) c 6(x b 3)
m
"
x(x b 1)(x b 2) (x b m)
k 0
(c")k
(k!)(m c k)!(x b k) ;
therefore '
"
24(x b 4)
the following pattern:
dx
x(x b 1)(x b 2) (x b m)
(c")
! (k!)(m c k)! ln kx b kk b C
k
k 0
"c
"c
"c
dt
t c 1 c t
sinc" x b
x
#
sinc" x c '
sin ) cos ) c )
4
sin ) cos ) d)
2 cos )
bC
u tan )
d)
"
#
"
"
du
"
' u du 1 c # ' u du 1 c # ' uu b 1 # ln u c 1
c
b
"
#
ln t c 1 c t# c
u b1
"
#
bC
du
u b1
tanc" u b C
"
#
' (u c 1)duu b 1b
a
"
ln tan ) c " c # ) b C
sec )
sinc" t b C
"
ax b 2x b 2b ax c 2x b 2b
#
dx '
dx
"
ax b 2b c 4x
"
#
d)
' sincosc) cos ) ' tan d))c 1 ; du sec# ) d)
)
t sin )
dt cos ) d)
' x " 4 dx '

b
x
#
' sinc" y dy y sinc" y b y 1 c y#c sin
6.
bC
'
sin 2)
4
x sinc" x dx
)
x c " # c
#
'
' 2z sinc" z dz; from Exercise 3, ' z sinc" z dz
dy
2 y
z1 c z c sin z
bC
4
y c y
sin y
sinc" y b # c
b
#
z sin
#
x sin )
dx cos ) d)
"c
z y
' sinc" y dy;

dz
5.
"
sin# ) d) x sinc"
#
#
x1 c x c sin x
bC
4
"c
sinc" x b
x
#
'
sinc" x c
4.
x
#
x dx
2 1 c x
sinc" x c '
x
#
; dv x dx, v
' x sinc" x dx x#
dx
1 c x
3. u sinc" x, du
"
16
b
2
c
2
' x 2x2x 2 2 b (x b 1) b 1 c x 2x2x 2b# b (x c 1) b 1 dx
b b
c
"
16
ln x
x
b 2x b 2
c 2x b #
b " ctanc" (x b 1) b tanc" (x c 1)d b C

8
#
#
7. x lim
_
' xx sin t dt x lim_ cc cos td x x x lim_ cc cos x b cos (cx)d x lim_ ac cos x b cos xb x lim_ 0 0
8.
'x1 cos t dt;

t
lim
x!
'x1 cos t dt diverges since '01 dt diverges; thus

t
t
"
x!
cos t
t
dt
lim
x!
c cos x
x
lim
#
"
#
#
k
n
c'1
lim
x!
cos x 1
n lim ! ln 1 b k " " '0 ln (1 b x) dx;

n
n
_
n
k 1
b
b
b
n
9. n lim ! ln 1 b
_
k 1
t!
"
cos t
^
dt is an indeterminate 0 _ form and we apply l'Hopital's rule:
1
x 'x cos t dt
t
lim
x!
t
cos t
t
lim
cos t
t
t!
#
"
lim
x!
x 'x
lim
x!
lim
u 1 b x, du dx
x 0 u 1, x 1 u 2
'12 ln u du cu ln u c ud # (2 ln 2 c 2) c (ln 1 c 1) 2 ln 2 c 1 ln 4 c 1
"
529
k 0
1 c k n
1 b cos 2t dt 2 '0
#
# #
# #
dx '
1 2
#
#
c " b ln 3 c (0 b ln 1) ln 3 c
#
# #
2
1cx
1 2
1 b 2x b x
a1 c x b
1 x
1 b x ; L '0
c
c1 b
b
'0 " c x dx '0 c1 b
1 x
1 2
a1 c x b b 4x
a1 c x b
"
1bx
"
1cx
1 b dy
dx
1 2
1
#
c2x
1cx
"
n
dy
1 b dx dx
"#
b
dx <cx b ln 1 c x !
1 x
"
#
shell
shell
13. V 'a 21 radius height dx '0 21xy dx
b
61 '0 x# 1 c x dx;
1
u1cx
du c dx
x# (1 c u)#
c61 '1 (1 c u)# u du

0
c61 '1 u"# c 2u$# b u&# du

0
c61 < 2 u$# c 4 u&# b 2 u(# " 61 2 c

3
5
7
3
84
16
61 70 c105b 30 61 105 321
35
b
5 dx
x
#
1 '1 dx b
x
25 dx
x (5 c x)
dx
5cx
%
x
1 <ln 5 c x c 5 " 1 ln 4 c 5 c 1 ln
x
4
151
4
b 2
7
14. V 'a 1y# dx 1 '1
4
5
"
4
c 5
b 21 ln 4
shell
shell
15. V 'a 21 radius height dx '0 21xex dx
b
"
1
#
1%
dy
dx
n 1
"
n n lim !
_
cos 2x 1 b dy 1 b cos 2x 2 cos# x; L '0

dx
2 csin td !
12.
dy
dx
"
dx csinc" xd !
11.
"
1 cx
k 0
n
n ck
n 1
n lim !
_
'0
"
n c k
"
n 1
10. n lim !
_
k 0
530
21 cxex c ex d " 21
!
cos# t dt

ln 2
21(ln 2 c x) aex c 1b dx
21 '0
ln 2
c(ln 2) ex c ln 2 c xex b xd dx
21 (ln 2) ex c (ln 2)x c xex b ex b

21 2 ln 2 c (ln 2) c 2 ln 2 b 2 b
x
#
ln 2
(ln 2)
#
0
#
16. V '0
c 21(ln 2 b 1)
21 c (ln#2) c ln 2 b 1
#
17. (a) V '1 1 c1 c (ln x)# d dx

e
1 cx c x(ln x)# d 1 b 21'1 ln x dx

e
(FORMULA 110)
e
1 cx c x(ln x)# b 2(x ln x c x)d 1
e
1 ccx c x(ln x)# b 2x ln xd 1
1 cce c e b 2e c (c1)d 1
(b) V '1 1(1 c ln x)# dx 1'1 c1 c 2 ln x b (ln x)# d dx

e
1 cx c 2(x ln x c x) b x(ln x)# d 1 c 21'1 ln x dx

e
1 cx c 2(x ln x c x) b x(ln x)# c 2(x ln x c x)d 1

e
1 c5x c 4x ln x b x(ln x)# d 1
1 c(5e c 4e b e) c (5)d 1(2e c 5)
e
"
2y
1 ae c 3 b
#
#
18. (a) V 1 '0 <aey b# c 1 dy 1'0 ae2y c 1b dy 1 < e# c y ! 1 e# c 1 c "

#
(b) V 1'0 aey c 1b# dy 1'0 ae2y c 2ey b 1b dy 1 < e# c 2ey b y ! 1 e# c 2e b 1 c " c 2
#
1
lim
x!
x ln x 0
lim
x!
f(x) 0 f(0) f is continuous
19. (a)
1 ae c 4e b 5b
#
#
1 e# c 2e b 5
#
"
2y
#
u (ln x)
du (2 ln x) dx
#
2
x
x
#
'2 x
(b) V '0 1x# (ln x)# dx;
dv x# dx 1 b lim 3 (ln x) b c 0 3 (2 ln x)
!
x
v 3
$
x
9
1 8(ln 2) c
3
b
b!
x ln x c
3
1 8 (ln 2)# c 2 lim

3
3
16(ln 2)
9
16
27
20. V '0 1(c ln x)# dx

1
c21 lim
b!
b!
cx(ln x)# d b c 2'0 ln x dx9

1
1 lim
cx ln x c xd 1 21
b
dx
x 9
531
532
21. M '1 ln x dx cx ln x c xd e (e c e) c (0 c 1) 1;
1
e
Mx '1 (ln x) ln#x dx

e
My
M
therefore, x
1
2 dx
1 c x
My '0
e# c
"
#
'1e x dx
e
#
b "
#
e b1
4
and y
Mx
M
"
4
ae# b 1b ;
ec2
#
"
2 csinc" xd ! 1;
22. M '0
x
#
(e c 2);
"
#
x# ln x c
"
#
"
#
ln x
# 1
My '1 x ln x dx x
'1e (ln x)# dx
cx(ln x)# d 1 c 2 '1 ln x dx
"
#
"
#
"
2x dx
#
1 c x 2 c 1 c x 2;
!
My
2
therefore, x M 1 and y 0 by symmetry
1
tan
x tan )
L' 4
#
dx sec ) d)
sec )sec ) d)
tan )
(tan ) sec ) b csc )) d) csec ) c ln kcsc ) b cot )kd tan4
b " c 2 c ln 1 b 2 1 b e# c ln
e
1 b e
e
b " c 2 b ln 1 b 2
e
"c
24. y ln x 1 b dx 1 b x# S 21'c x1 b x# dy S 21'0 ey 1 b e2y dy;

dy
#
tan
u tan )
21 ' 4
du sec# ) d)
e
%1
c 2
$#
cf w (x)d# b 1
$#
S 21 ' 1 1 c x#$
1
"
x
$#
sec ) sec# ) d)
1 1 b e# e b ln 1 b e# b e c 1 2 1 b ln 2 b 1
25. S 21 ' 1 f(x) 1 b cf w (x)d# dx; f(x) 1 c x#$

$#
41'0 1 c x#$ x " dx;
u ey
du ey dy
1 b e b e
2 b 1
"c
21 " csec ) tan ) b ln ksec ) b tan )kd tan

#
1 e1 b e# b ln
"c
S 21'1 1 b u# du;
dx
x
$#
tan
"c
1 b e
e
dx;
d) '
(sec )) atan ) b 1b
tan )
1 b e# c ln
x b 1
x
"c
tan
dx '1
'
"
x
"c
23. L '1 1 b
1
u x#$
3
$#
'1
du c61'0 (1 c u)$# d(1 c u)
2 dx 4 # 1 0 (1 c u)
du 3 x
$"
$"
"
c61 2 <(1 c u)&# !
5
x c 1 L '1 1 b x c 1 dx '1 1 b x c 1 dx
integral diverges if a
c ln 2 ;
a
"
#
lim ab b 1b
b
b_
; for a " :
#
a
lim < # ln ax# b 1b c
b_
2a
lim b
b_ b
b b 1
b
b_
lim
b_
ab b 1 b
b
'1b x ax 1 c #"x dx
b
lim b
b_
lim 1 b
b_
"
b
ln
dx lim
2 a
"
#
1
2
"
ln x 1 lim # ln
b
b_
_ if a
"
lim
b_ #
"
#
ln
ax b 1 b
x
the improper
ab b 1 b
b
lim "
b_ #
"
#x
124
5
#"
x ax 1 c
b
'1
27.
4 a16b54 c 4 a1b54
5
5
16
16
16
4
'1 x dx 4 x54
5
16
dy
dx
26. y '1 t c 1 dt
121
5
c ln 2"#
29. A '1
dx
xp
'0b e
xt
b_
xb
b_
"
#
"
#
lim (b b 1)2a
b_
; in summary, the improper integral
1c0
x
"
x
if x 0 xG(x) x " 1 if x 0
x
converges if p 1 and diverges if p 1. Thus, p 1 for infinite area. The volume of the solid of revolution
dx
x2p
which converges if 2p 1 and diverges if 2p 1. Thus we want
for finite volume. In conclusion, the curve y x
gives infinite area and finite volume for values of p satisfying
p 1.
30. The area is given by the integral A '0
d " c lim
1 p 1
b
b!
b1
b1
c_, diverges;
1 c 0, converges; thus, p 1 for infinite area.
b
b
The volume of the solid of revolution about the x-axis is Vx 1'0

p
"
#
, and diverges if p
"
#
dx
x2p
which converges if 2p 1 or
. Thus, Vx is infinite whenever the area is infinite (p 1).
The volume of the solid of revolution about the y-axis is Vy 1 '1 cR(y)d# dy 1'1
1 p 2 (see Exercise 29). In conclusion, the curve y x
converges if
2
p
dy
y2 p
cx
b!
cx1 p d 1 1 c lim
b
c
b!
ln b _, diverges;
b
p 1: A lim
b!
b!
p 1: A lim
cln xd c lim
c
b!
p 1: A lim
1
b
dx
xp
"
#
b_
b
dt lim <c " e xt 0 lim 1 cxe
x
"
about the x-axis is V '1 1 xp dx 1 '1
(bb1)2a
b b1
lim
and has the value c ln42
b_
"
#
dx converges only when a

c
28. G(x) lim
"
#x
c_ the improper integral diverges if a
x ax 1 c
b
ab b 1 b
b
: 0 lim
lim ln
b_
ab b 1 b
b
b_
"
#
ln 2 c ln42 ; if a
#
'1
"
#
ln 1 c
"
#
which
gives infinite area and finite
volume for values of p satisfying 1 p 2, as described above.

"
dt lim cce t d b lim <c eb c (c1) 0 b 1 1
0
b_
b_
dt; dv e t dt, v ce t ; x fixed positive real

c
(b) u tx , du xtx
b_
'0b e
31. (a) >(1) '0 e t dt lim
>(x b 1) '0 tx e t dt lim cctx e t d b b x '0 tx 1 e t dt lim c bb b 0x e! b x>(x) x>(x)

0
e
c c
b_
(c) >(n b 1) n>(n) n!:

n 0: >(0 b 1) >(1) 0!;
n k: Assume >(k b 1) k!
n k b 1: >(k b 1 b 1) (k b 1) >(k b 1)
(k b 1)k!
(k b 1)!
Thus, >(n b 1) n>(n) n! for every positive integer n.
b_
for some k 0;
from part (b)
induction hypothesis
definition of factorial
x
n
n
1
1
32. (a) >(x) x 2x and n>(n) n! n! n n 2n n 2n1
e
e
e
(b)
n
10
20
30
40
50
60
533
n n 2n1
e
3598695.619
2.4227868 10")
2.6451710 10$#
8.1421726 10%(
3.0363446 10'%
8.3094383 10)"
calculator
3628800
2.432902 10")
2.652528 10$#
8.1591528 10%(
3.0414093 10'%
8.3209871 10)"
(c)
n n 2n1
e
3598695.619
n
10
b
c
1
3 sin
4e2x
c 1 cos 3x
9
33. e2x
e2x
3
sin 3x b
2e2x
9
3x
cos 3x c 4 I
9
34. e3x
13
9
e2x
9
(3 sin 3x b 2 cos 3x) I
e2x
13
(3 sin 3x b 2 cos 3x) b C
sin 4x
3e3x
"
c 4 cos 4x
9e3x
"
c 16 sin 4x
3x
I c e4 cos 4x b
3e3x
16
sin 4x c
9
16
sin 3x
b
c
b
e3x
16
(3 sin 4x c 4 cos 4x) I
e3x
25
(3 sin 4x c 4 cos 4x) b C
ccos x
c9 sin 3x
25
16
sin x
3 cos 3x
35.
calculator
3628800
cos 3x
2e2x
n n 2n1 e1 12n
e
3628810.051
534
csin x
I c sin 3x cos x b 3 cos 3x sin x b 9I c8I c sin 3x cos x b 3 cos 3x sin x

I sin 3x cos xc83 cos 3x sin x b C
cos 5x
sin 4x
c sin 5x
c " cos 4x
4
c25cos 5x
"
c 16 sin 4
I c " cos 5x cos 4x c

4
I
"
9
sin 5x sin 4x b
25
16
9
I c 16 I c " cos 5x cos 4x c
4
5
16
sin 5x sin 4x
(4 cos 5x cos 4x b 5 sin 5x sin 4x) b C

b
37. eax
5
16
sin bx
aeax
c " cos bx
b
a# eax
"
c b sin bx
#
a
b
I a
#
#
sin bx c
bb
b
#
eax
a bb
aeax
b
ax
I c eb cos bx b
eax
b
#
36.
(a sin bx c b cos bx)
(a sin bx c b cos bx) b C

b
38. eax
cos bx
aeax
"
b
a# eax
"
c b cos bx
#
bb
b
eax
b
(a cos bx b b sin bx)
#
#
"
x
I a
(a cos bx b b sin bx) b C
39. ln (ax)
a
b
eax
a bb
cos bx c
aeax
b
sin bx b
eax
b
sin bx
I x ln (ax) c ' " x dx x ln (ax) c x b C

x
b
2z
1 z
2 dz
1 z
#b
1
1
#b
tan t b 1 c 2
tan t b 1 b 2
#b
#c
z
z
'
2 dz
2z c 1 b z
'
2
3
tanc"
2 a1 c z b dz
2z c 2z b 2z b 2z
ln 3
4
'1
"
!
1cz
2z
2
3
"
4
"
2
"
3
z 1
2
ln z b 1 c 2 b C
b b
(ln 3 c 2)
"
#
tanc"
dz
"
#
2 dz
(z b 1) c 2
z
3
ln 3 c 1
bC
ln
3
"
" ln 3 c 4 c 0 c 4
#
"
2
b 2z
1 z
'1
dt
' sin t c cos t '
"
#b
47.
z
4
2 dz
1 z
2 dz
z b3
" ln z c
#
# #b
# c
#b
#c
2z
z
z
#b
'0
2 dz
2 b 2z b 1 c z
'1
"
<c 1 "$ 3 c 1
z
dz
z
31
9
cos ) d)
sin ) cos ) b sin )
ln k1 b zk b C
dz
1bz
"
'0
2 dz
1 z
1 z
2b
1 z
'
#b
#c
#b
' 22 3
'0
bC
2
c < 1 b z ! c(1 c 2) 1
1
3 3
46.
d)
2 b cos )
'1
2 dz
1 z
3 1 c 1 z
1 z
2 dz
(1 b z)
2
1 c tan x
2 dz
1 b z b 2z b 1 c z
'11
dx
3 1 c cos x
bC
'0
2 dz
1 z
2z
1b
1 z
'0
#b
#c
#b
45.
'0
#b
'
dx
1 b sin x
#b
44.
'
#b
#b
'0
2
1cz
#b
ln tan x b 1 b C
#
z
z
#b
2 dz
1 z
2z
1 b
b1
1 z
1
#b
#c
' 1 b sin dxb cos x '

x
2 dz
(1 c z)
"
x$ ln (ax) c 9 x$ b C
42.
'
2 dz
1 z
1 c 2z
1 z
' 1 cdx x '

sin
"
3
x$ ln (ax) c ' " x dx

x
3
41.
43.
x$
"
3
"
3
"
x
x#
40. ln (ax)
535
'
2 dz
1cz
'
c2'
1 b tan
)
1 c tan
)
#b
#c
#b
ln k1 b zk c ln k1 c zk b C ln
dz
z
'
2 dz
1 z
1 z
1 z
dz
1bz
dz
z b1
#
#b
#c
d
' sec ) d) ' cos) ) '
c'
'
2 a1 c z b dz
a1 b z b c a 1 b z b a 1 c z b
#
dz
z a1 b z b
'
#b
#c
#b
'
# #
2 dz
1 z
1 c 1 z
1 z
49.
a1 c z b dz
a1 b z b z
z
z
2 dz
(1 b z)(1 c z)
2 a1 c z b dz
a1 b z b a 1 b z c 1 b z b
#
'
1
1
t dt
' 1coscos t '
c
48.
536
t
c " c 2 tanc" z b C c cot # c t b C
z
'
dz
1bz
b'
dz
1cz
bC
d
' csc ) d) ' sin)) '
2 dz
1 z
2z
1 z
#b
#b
50.
'
dz
z
)
ln kzk b C ln tan # b C

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CHAPTER 8 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION

8.1 INTEGRATION BY PARTS

2. u ), du d); dv cos 1) d), v

dx c2x cos x b 4 sin x b C

x# sin x dx cx# cos x b 2x sin x b 2 cos x b C

t# cos t dt t# sin t b 2t cos t c 2 sin t b C

8. u x, du dx ; dv e3x dx, v 1 e3x ;

' x e3x dx x e3x c 1 ' e3x dx x e3x c 1 e3x b C

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Chapter 8 Techniques of Integration

x# ecx dx cx# ecx c 2x ecx c 2 ecx b C

' ax# c 2x b 1be2x dx 1 ax# c 2x b 1be2x c 1 a2x c 2be2x b 1 e2x b C

' sinc" y dy y sinc" y c ' y1 dyy

13. u x, du dx; dv sec# x dx, v tan x;

' x sec# x dx x tan x c ' tan x dx x tan x b ln kcos xk b C

' 4x sec# 2x dx; [y 2x]

' y sec# y dy y tan y c ' tan y dy y tan y c ln ksec yk b C

2x tan 2x c ln ksec 2xk b C

x$ ex dx x$ ex c 3x# ex b 6xex c 6ex b C ax$ c 3x# b 6x c 6b ex b C

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 8.1 Integration by Parts

dp cp% e p c 4p$ e p c 12p# e p c 24pe p c 24e p b C

acp% c 4p$ c 12p# c 24p c 24b e p b C

' ar# b r b 1b er dr ar# b r b 1b er c (2r b 1) er b 2er b C

' x& ex dx x& ex c 5x% ex b 20x$ ex c 60x# ex b 120xex c 120ex b C

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Chapter 8 Techniques of Integration

cu cos ), du c sin ) d); dv e d), v e d I e sin ) c e cos ) b ' e sin ) d)

e sin ) c e cos ) c I b Cw 2I ae sin ) c e cos )b b Cw I

ae sin ) c e cos )b b C, where C

another arbitrary constant

sin y dy; cu sin y, du cos y dy;

sin y c ' acey b cos y dy ce

cos y c ' ace y b (csin y) dy ce

cos y dy; cu cos y, du c sin y dy; dv e

is another arbitrary constant

e2x cos 3x b 3 e2x sin 3x b Cw

' ex 2 x dx 2 ' xex dx; cu x, du dx; dv ex dx, v ex d ;

cos y c ' ace y b (c sin y) dy c " e y (sin y b cos y) c I b Cw

cos y dy cu cos y, du c sin y; dv e

26. u x, du dx; dv 1 c x dx, v c 2 (1 c x)$ ;

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

x tan# x dx cx(tan x c x)d !

27. u x, du dx; dv tan# x dx, v ' tan# x dx '

sin y dy I; cu sin y, du cos y dy; dv e

(3 sin 3x b 2 cos 3x) b C, where C

sin 2x dx; [y 2x]

Section 8.1 Integration by Parts

; dv dx, v x; ' ln ax b x# b dx x ln ax b x# b c '

' sin (ln x) dx; du " dx

' z(ln z)# dz; du " dz

From Exercise 21, ' (sin u) eu du eu sin u c cos u b C

' eu u# eu du ' e2u u# du;

' (sin u) eu du.

' x sec x# dx Let u x# , du 2x dx 1 du x dx ' x sec x# dx

' sec u du 1 lnlsec u b tan ul b C

' eu u# eu du ' e2u u# du;

2' cos u du 2 sin u b C 2 sinx b C

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Chapter 8 Techniques of Integration

dx Let u x4 , du 4x3 dx 1 du x3 dx ' x3 ex dx

38. u x3 , du 3x2 dx; dv x2 ex dx, v 1 ex ;

39. u x2 , du 2x dx; dv x2 b 1 x dx, v 1 ax2 b 1b