Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha

Cu to nguyn t

CU TO NGUYN T BI TP T LUYN
Dng 1: L thuyt v cu to nguyn t 1, Trong thnh phn ca mi nguyn t nht thit phi c cc loi ht no sau y: A. Proton v ntron B. Proton v electron C. Ntron v electron D. Proton, ntron, electron 2, Trong nguyn t, ht mang in l: A. Electron B. electron v ntron C. proton v ntron D. proton v electron 3, Nguyn t c cu to bi bao nhiu loi ht c bn: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 4, Trong nguyn t, loi ht no c khi lng khng ng k so vi cc ht cn li: A. proton B. Ntron C. electron D. ntron v electron 5, Bit rng khi lng ca 1 nguyn t oxi nng gp 15,842 ln v khi lng ca nguyn t cacbon nng gp 11,9059 ln khi lng ca nguyn t hiro. Nu chn khi lng ca 1/12 nguyn t ng v 12C lm n v th O, H c nguyn t khi ln lt l: A. 15,9672 v 1,01 B. 16,01 v 1,0079 C. 15,9672 v 1,0079 D. 16 v 1,0081 6, Nguyn t ng c k hiu l 29 Cu . S ht ntron trong 64 gam ng l: C. 35.6,02.1023 D. 29.6,02.1023 A. 29 B. 35 -19 7, Ht nhn ca ion X + c in tch l 30,4.10 C. Vy nguyn t l: A. Ar B. K C. Ca D. Cl 8, Mnh no di y khng ng: A. Trong nguyn t, cc electron chuyn ng xung quanh ht nhn theo nhng qu o xc nh. B. Chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t khng theo mt qu o xc nh. C. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn trong kh nng c mt electron ln nht gi l obitan nguyn t. D. Cc electron trong cng mt lp c mc nng lng gn bng nhau 9, Obitan nguyn t l: A. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn m ta c th xc nh v tr electron ti tng thi im. B. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn m ta c th xc nh c v tr ca 2 electron cng mt lc. C. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn trong kh nng c mt electron l ln nht. D. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn c dng hnh cu hoc hnh s tm ni 10, Mi obitan nguyn t cha ti a: A. 1 electron B. 2 electron C. 3 electron D. 4 electron 11, Lp electron lin kt vi ht nhn nguyn t cht ch nht l: A. lp trong cng B. lp gia C . lp ngoi cng D. lp st ngoi cng 12, Electron thuc lp no sau y lin kt km cht ch vi ht nhn nht: A. lp L B. lp K C. lp M D. lp N 13, S electron ti a lp th n l: A. n2 B. n C. 2n2 D. 2n 14, S electron ti a cha trong cc phn lp s, p, d, fln lt l: A. 2, 8, 18, 32 B. 2, 6, 10, 14 C. 2, 4, 6, 8 D. 2, 6, 8, 18 15, S electron ti atrong lp th 3 l: A. 9e B. 18e C. 32e D. 8e 16, Lp e th 3 c s phn lp l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 17, ng v l nhng nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t, c s p bng nhau nhng khc nhau s: A. electron c thn B. ntron C. electron ha tr D. obitan 18, S khi ca nguyn t bng tng: A. s p v n B. s p v e C. s n, e v p D. s in tch ht nhn 19, Nguyn t ha hc l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng: A. s khi B. in tch ht nhn C. s electron D. tng s proton v ntron 20, Pht biu no sau y l sai: A. S hiu nguyn t bng in tch ht nhn nguyn t. - Trang | 1 64

Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha

Cu to nguyn t

B. S proton trong nguyn t bng s ntron. C. S proton trong ht nhn bng s electron lp v nguyn t. D. S khi ca ht nhn nguyn t bng tng s ht proton v s ht ntron. 21, Mnh no di y khng ng: A. Cc ng v phi c s khi khc nhau. B. Cc ng v phi c s ntron khc nhau. C. Cc ng v phi c s electron khc nhau D. Cc ng v phi c cng in tch ht nhn 22, Mnh no di y l ng: A. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn B. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s electron C. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn D. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s khi A 23, Cho 3 ion: Na+, Mg2+, F . Mnh no di y khng ng: A. 3 ion trn c cu hnh electron ging nhau B. 3 ion trn c s ht ntron khc nhau C. 3 ion trn c s ht electron bng nhau D. 3 ion trn c s ht proton bng nhau 24, Trong nguyn t, electron ha tr l cc electron: A. c thn B. phn lp ngoi cng C. obitan ngoi cng D. tham gia to lin kt ha hc 25, Mnh no sau y khng ng: A. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t magi mi c t l gia s proton v ntron l 1 : 1. B. Trong cc nguyn t, ch nguyn t magi mi c 12 electron. C. Trong cc nguyn t, ch ht nhn nguyn t magi mi c 12 proton. D. Nguyn t magi c 3 lp electron. Dng 2: Bi tp lin quan ti mi lin h gia cc thnh phn ca nguyn t 1, S ht electron v s ht ntron c trong mt nguyn t 56 Fe l: 26 A. 26e, 56n B. 26e, 30n C. 26e, 26n D. 30e, 30n 2, S electron trong cc ion sau: NO3 , NH 4 , HCO3 , H , SO4 theo th t l: A. 32, 12, 32, 1, 50 B. 31,11, 31, 2, 48 C. 32, 10, 32, 2, 46 D. 32, 10, 32, 0, 50 3, Nguyn t X c s hiu 24, s ntron l 28. X c: A. s khi l 52 B. s e l 28 C. in tch ht nhn l 24 D. s p l 28 4, Ion X- c 10e, ht nhn c 10n. S khi ca X l: A. 19 B. 20 C. 18 D. 21 5, Ion X2- c: A. s p s e = 2 B. s e s p = 2 C. s e s n = 2 D. s e (s p + s n) = 2 6, Cho 5 nguyn t : 12 B, 18 6 A, 614 8 8 C, 7 16 D, 14 E. Hai nguyn t c cng s ntron l: A. A v B B. B v D C. A v C D. B v E 7, Tng s ht p, e, n trong nguyn t nguyn t X l 10. Nguyn t X l: A. Li B. Be C. N D. Ne 8, Nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 34. Bit s ntron nhiu hn s proton l 1. S khi ca X l: A. 11 B. 19 C. 21 D. 23 9, Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 155. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33. S khi ca nguyn t l: A. 108 B. 122 C. 66 D. 94 10, Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 82, ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 22 ht. K hiu ho hc ca nguyn t X l: A. 30 B. 56 C. 26 D. 26 26Fe 26 Fe 26Fe 56 Fe 11, Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c tng s ht c bn l 34. S ht mang in gp 1,8333 ln s ht khng mang in. Nguyn t B l: A. Na (Z = 11) B. Mg (Z = 12) C. Al (Z = 13) D. Cl (Z = 17) - Trang | 2 + 2

Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha

Cu to nguyn t

12, Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht (p, n, e) bng 180. Trong cc ht mang in chim 58,89% tng s ht. Nguyn t X l: A. Flo B. Clo C. Brom D. Iot 13, Tng s p, e, n trong hai nguyn t A v B l 142, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca B nhiu hn ca A l 12. S hiu nguyn t ca A v B ln lt l: A. 17 v 29 B. 20 v 26 C. 43 v 49 D. 40 v 52 14, Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong hai nguyn t ca nguyn t X v Y l 96 trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 32. S ht mang in ca nguyn t Y nhiu hn ca X l 16. X v Y ln lt l: A. Mg v Ca B. Be v Mg C. Ca v Sr D. Na v Ca 15, Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. S ht mang in ca mt nguyn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyn t X l 8 ht. Cc nguyn t X v Y ln lt l (bit s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t: Na = 11; Al = 13; P = 15; Cl = 17; Fe = 26): A. Al v P B. Fe v Cl C. Al v Cl D. Na v Cl 16, Hp cht AB2 c A chim 50% v khi lng (%mA = 50%) v tng s proton l 32. Nguyn t A v B u c s p bng s n. AB2 l: A. NO2 B. SO2 C. CO2 D. SiO2 17, Phn t MX3 c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron bng 196, trong ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng s ht trong X- nhiu hn trong M+ l 16. Cng thc ca MX3 l: A. CrCl3 B. FeCl3 C. AlCl3 D. SnCl3 18, Trong anion XY3 c 30 proton. Trong nguyn t X cng nh Y c s proton bng s ntron. X v Y ln lt l: A. C v O B. S v O C. Si v O D. C v S 19, Tng s ht mang in trong ion AB3 bng 82. S ht mang in trong nhn nguyn t A nhiu hn s ht mang in trong nhn ca nguyn t B l 8. S hiu nguyn t A v B (theo th t) l: A. 12 v 4 B. 24 v 16 C. 16 v 8 D. 14 v 6 20, Hp cht A c to thnh t ion M+ v ion X2-. Tng s 3 loi ht trong A l 164. Tng s cc ht mang in trong ion M+ ln hn tng s ht mang in trong ion X2- l 3. Trong nguyn t M, s ht proton t hn s ht ntron l 1 ht, trong nguyn t X s ht proton bng s ht ntron. M v X l : A. K v S B. Na v S C. Li v S D. K v O Dng 3: Bi tp lin quan ti ng v 1, ng c hai ng v 63Cu (chim 73%) v 65Cu (chim 27%). Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu l: A. 63,45 B. 63,54 C. 64, 46 D. 64, 64 2, Nguyn t X c hai ng v, ng v th nht 35X chim 75%. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X l 35,5. ng v th hai l: A. 34X B. 37X C. 36X D.38X 3, Mt nguyn t R c 2 ng v vi t l s nguyn t l 27/23. Ht nhn ca R c 35 ht proton. ng v th nht c 44 ht ntron, ng v th 2 c s khi nhiu hn ng v th nht l 2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t R l: A. 79,2 B. 79,8 C. 79,92 D. 80,5 4, Nguyn t X c hai ng v X1 v X2. Tng s ht khng mang in trong X1 v X2 l 90. Nu cho 1,2 gam Ca tc dng vi mt lng X va th thu c 5,994 gam hp cht CaX2. Bit t l s nguyn t X1 : X2 = 9 : 11. S khi ca X1, X2 ln lt l: A. 81 v 79 B. 75 v 85 C. 79 v 81 D. 85 v 75 5, Nguyn t Cu c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 63,54 vi 2 ng v X v Y, c tng s khi l 128. S nguyn t ng v X = 0,37 s nguyn t ng v Y. Vy s ntron ca ng v Y t hn s ntron ca ng v X l: A. 2 ht B. 4 ht C. 6 ht D. 1 ht 3 16 17 18 Oxi c 3 ng v 8 O ; 8 O; 8 O. S loi phn t H2O ti a c thnh phn 6, Hiro c 3 ng v 11 H ; 12 H ; 1 H. ng v khc nhau l: A. 3 7, Cacbon c 2 ng v t cc ng v l: A. 11 B. 6 C. 9 13 v 6 C. Oxi c 3 ng v 16 ; 17 ; 8O 8O B. 12 C. 13 D. 18
18 8 O.
2 2

12 6C

S loi phn t CO2 ti a c th to thnh D. 14

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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha

Cu to nguyn t

8, Cacbon c 2 ng v 12 ng v 16 O ; 17 O ; 18 O. S loi phn t CO2 c phn t khi trng 6 C v 6 13 C. Oxi c 8 38 nhau l: A. 1 B. 2 D. 3 C.4 Dng 4: Bi tp lin quan ti cu hnh electron 1, S obitan tng cng trong nguyn t c s in tch ht nhn 17 l: A. 4 B. 6 C. 5 D. 9 2, Nguyn t lu hunh S nm th 16 trong bng h thng tun hon. Bit rng cc electron ca nguyn t S c phn b trn 3 lp electron (K, L, M). S electron lp L trong nguyn t lu hunh l: A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 2 3, Cho cc nguyn t: 1H; 3Li; 11Na; 7N; 8O; 9F; 2He; 10Ne. Nguyn t ca nguyn t khng c electron c thn l: A. H, Li, Na, F B. O C. He, Ne D. N 4, Cho cc nguyn t: 1H; 3Li; 11Na; 7N; 8O; 9F; 2He; 10Ne. Nguyn t ca nguyn t c electron c thn bng 1 l: A. H, Li, Na, F B. H, Li, Na C. O, N D. N 5, Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s ht p, n, e bng 18 v s ht khng mang in bng trung bnh cng ca tng s ht mang in. Vy s electron c thn ca nguyn t R l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 6, trng thi c bn, nguyn t ca nguyn t P (Z =15) c s electron c thn l: A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 7, trng thi c bn, ht vi m no sau y c s electron c thn ln nht: A. N D. Si C. Fe3 B. Br 8, Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron phn lp p l 17. Nguyn t X l : A. brom B. agon C. lu hunh D. clo 9, Nguyn t ca ba nguyn t no sau y u c 8 electron lp ngoi cng: A. Ar,Xe,Br B. He,Ne,Ar C. Xe,Fe,Kr D. Kr,Ne,Ar 10, Nguyn t c cu hnh e vi phn ln p c cha e c thn l nguyn t: A. N B. Ne C. Na D. Mg 11, Trong cc nguyn t c Z = 1 n Z = 20. S nguyn t m nguyn t c 2 eletron c thn l: A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 12, Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X l 21. Tng s obitan nguyn t ( lng t) ca nguyn t nguyn t l: A. 5 B. 9 C. 6 D. 7 22 61 13, Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l 1s 2s 2p 3s . Bit rng X c s khi l 24 th trong ht nhn ca X c: A. 24 proton, 13 ntron B. 11 proton, 13 ntron D. 13 proton, 11 ntron C. 11 proton, 11 s ntron 14, Pht biu no sau y ng khi ni v ion F- v nguyn t Ne: A. Chng c cng s proton B. Chng c s ntron khc nhau C. Chng c cng s electron D. Chng c cng s khi 15, Dy gm cc ion X , Y v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6 l A. Na , Cl , Ar B. Li , F , Ne C. Na , F , Ne D. K , Cl , Ar 16, Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c cu to bi 36 ht, trong s ht mang in gp i s ht khng mang in. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Y l: A. 1s22s22p63s23p1 B. 1s22s22p64s2 C. 1s22s22p6 D. 1s22s22p63s2 17, Ion no sau y khng c cu hnh electron ca kh him: A. Na+ B. Mg2+ C. Al3+ D. Fe2+ 18, Cu hnh e ca nguyn t c s hiu Z = 17 l: A. 1s22s22p63s23p44s1 B. 1s22s22p63s23d5 C. 1s22s22p63s23p5 D. 1s22s22p63s23p34s2 19, Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t 29Cu l: B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2 A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d9 2 2 6 2 6 10 1 D. 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10 C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 20, Cu hnh e nguyn t ca nguyn t c s hiu nguyn t 26 l: A. [Ar]3d54s2 B. [Ar]4s23d6 C. [Ar]3d64s2 D. [Ar]3d8 21, Nguyn t Fe (Z = 26). Cu hnh electron ca ion Fe2 l: A. [Ar]3d6 B. [Ar]3d54s1 C. [Ar]3d64s2 D. [Ar]4s23d4 2+ 6 22, Cation M c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 2p , cu hnh e ca nguyn t M l: A. 1s22s22p6 B. 1s22s22p63s1 C. 1s22s22p63s2 D. 1s22s22p4 23, Ion A2+ c cu hnh e vi phn lp cui cng l 3d9. Cu hnh e ca nguyn t A l: - Trang | 4 -

Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha

Cu to nguyn t

A. [Ar]3d94s2 B. [Ar]3d104s1 C. [Ar]3d94p2 D. [Ar]4s23d9 24, Mt anion Rn- c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 3p6. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t R c th l: A. 3p2 B. 3p3 C. 3p4 hoc 3p5 D. A, B, C u ng n+ 25, Mt cation R c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t R c th l: A. 3s2 B. 3p1 C. 3s1 D. A, B, C u ng 26, Nguyn t nguyn t M c phn b electron phn lp c nng lng cao nht l 3d6. Tng s electron ca nguyn t M l: A. 24 B. 25 C. 26 D. 27 27, Ion M3+ c cu hnh electron phn lp c nng lng cao nht l 3d2, cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l: A. [Ar] 3d34s2 B. [Ar] 3d54s2 C. [Ar] 3d5 D. [Ar] 3d24s3 28, trng thi c bn, tng s e trong cc obitan s ca mt nguyn t c s hiu 13 l: A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 7 29, Nguyn t c s hiu 13, c khuynh hng mt s e l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 30, Cu hnh e no sau y ca nguyn t kim loi: A. 1s22s22p63s23p6 B. 1s2s2s2p63s23p5 C. 1s22s22p63s23p3 D. 1s22s22p63s23p1 22 5 31, Cu hnh e ca nguyn t Y trng thi c bn l 1s 2s 2p . Vy Y thuc nhm nguyn t: A. kim loi kim B. Halogen C. kim loi kim th D. kh him 32, Cho cu hnh electron ca 4 nguyn t: 22 5 22 61 22 62 1 22 4 9X: 1s 2s 2p ; 11Y: 1s 2s 2p 3s ; 13Z: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p ; 8T: 1s 2s 2p . Ion ca 4 nguyn t trn l: A. X+, Y+, Z+, T2+ B. X-, Y+, Z3+, T2C. X-, Y2-, Z3+, T+ D. X+, Y2+, Z+, T33, Cu hnh no sau y khng ng: A. 1s2 B. 1s22s22p3 C. 1s22s22p63s3 D. 1s22s22p4 34, Chn cu hnh e khng ng: A. 1s22s22p5 B. 1s22s22p63s2 22 62 5 D. 1s22s22p63s23p34s2 C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 35, trng thi c bn, s obitan s c cha e ca nguyn t c s hiu 20 l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

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