Chng 4 Mch logic

Th.S ng Ngc Khoa Khoa in - in T

Biu din bng biu thc i s

Mt hm logic n bin bt k lun c th biu din di dng:

Tng ca cc tch (Chun tc tuyn - CTT): l dng tng ca nhiu thnh phn m mi thnh phn l tch ca y n bin. Tch ca cc tng (Chun tc hi CTH): l dng tch ca nhiu thnh phn m mi thnh phn l tng ca y n bin.
2

Biu din bng biu thc i s

V tr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 C 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 F 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0

Dng chun tc tuyn F = (1, 2, 5, 6) F=ABC+ ABC + ABC + ABC

Dng chun tc hi
F = (0, 3, 4, 7)

F = (A+B+C)(A+B+C)(A+B+C)(A+B+C)
3

Biu din bng biu thc i s

Chun tt tuyn Chun tc hi

Tng ca cc tch Lu cc gi tr 1 X = 0 ghi X X = 1 ghi X

Tch ca cc tng Lu cc gi tr 0 X = 0 ghi X X = 1 ghi X

4

Rt gn mch logic

Lm cho biu thc logic n gin nht v do vy mch logic s dng t cng logic nht. Hai mch sau y l tng ng nhau

Phng php rt gn
C hai phng php chnh rt gn mt biu thc logic.

Phng php bin i i s: s dng cc nh l v cc php bin i Boolean rt gn biu thc. Phong php ba Karnaugh: s dng ba Karnuagh rt gn biu thc logic

Phng php bin i i s

S dng cc nh l v cc php bin i Boolean rt gn biu thc. V d:
Biu thc ban u ABC+AB(AC) ABC+ABC+ABC AC(ABD)+ABCD+ABC (A+B)(A+B+D)D Rt gn A(B+C) A(B+C) BC+AD(B+C) BD

V d 4-1

Hy rt gn mch logic sau

Bi ton thit k
Hy thit k mt mch logic c: Ba ng vo Mt ng ra Ng ra mc cao ch khi a s ng vo mc cao

Trnh t thit k

Bc 1: Thit lp bng chn tr.

A 0 0 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 C 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 x 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
10

A B C

Mch logic

0 0 1 1 1 1

Trnh t thit k

Bc 2: Thit lp phng trnh t bng chn tr.

B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 C 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 x 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 A.B.C A.B.C A.B.C
11

A 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

x = ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC

A.B.C

Trnh t thit k

Bc 3: Rt gn biu thc logic

x = ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC x = ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC x = BC + AC + AB

12

Trnh t thit k

Bc 4: V mch logic ng vi biu thc logic va rt gn

x = BC + AC + AB

13

V d 4-1

Hy thit k mt mch logic c 4 ng vo A, B, C, D v mt ng ra. Ng ra ch mc cao khi in p (c miu t bi 4 bit nh phn ABCD) ln hn 6.

14

Kt qu

15

V d 4-3

Thit k mch logic iu khin mch phun nhin liu trong mch t nh sau:

Cm bin ngn la gia A v B Cm bin c kh cn t

16

Ba Karnaugh

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Phng php ba Karnaugh

Ging nh bng chn tr, ba Karnaugh l mt cch th hin mi quan h gia cc mc logic ng vo v ng ra. Ba Karnaugh l mt phng php c s dng n gin biu thc logic. Phng php ny d thc hin hn phng php i s. Ba Karnaugh c th thc hin vi bt k s ng vo no, nhng trong chng trnh ch kho st s ng vo nh hn 6.
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nh dng ba Karnaugh

Mi mt trng hp trong bng chn tr tng ng vi 1 trong ba Karnaugh Cc trong ba Karnaugh c nh s sao cho 2 k nhau ch khc nhau 1 gi tr. Do cc k nhau ch khc nhau 1 gi tr nn chng ta c th nhm chng li to mt thnh phn n gin hn dng tng cc tch.
19

Bng chn tr K-map

Mt v d tng ng gia bng chn tr v ba Karnaugh

X Y
Gi tr 0 Gi tr 1 Gi tr 2 Gi tr 3

Z 1 0 1 1

Z Y Y

0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1

1
0

1
2

0
1

1
3

20

10

Xc nh gi tr cc
X Y Y 1 0 X 0 0 X Y Y Y X 0 0 X 1 0 X Y

X Y Y 0 1

X 0 0 X Y Y Y

X 0 0

X 0 1 X Y

21

Nhm cc k nhau
X Y Y Y X 1 0 X 1 0 X Y

Z = X Y + X Y = Y (X + X) = Y X Y Y 1 0 X 1 0
22

11

Nhm cc li vi nhau

Nhm 2 1 k nhau, loi ra bin xut hin c hai trng thi b v khng b. Nhm 4 1 k nhau, loi ra 2 bin xut hin c hai trng thi b v khng b. Nhm 8 1 k nhau, loi ra 3 bin xut hin c hai trng thi b v khng b.
23

K-map 2 bin: nhm 2

X Y Y 1 0 X Y Y 0 1 X 1 0 X 0 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y X 1 1 X 0 0 X 0 0 X 1 1 X
24

12

K-map 2 bin: nhm 4

X Y Y 1 1

X 1 1 1

25

V d K-map 2 bin
R S 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 T 1 0 1 0 S S T S R 1
0

R 1
2

0
1

0
3

T = F(R,S) = S
26

13

K-map 3 bin
A B C
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Y 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 Y C C A B A B A B A B 1
0

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

1
2

1
6

0
4

0
1

1
3

0
7

0
5

27

K-map 3 bin: nhm 2

A B A B A B A B C C 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 A B B C 0 1

28

14

K-map 3 bin: nhm 4

A B A B A B A B C C 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 B B C A 0 1

29

K-map 3 bin: nhm 8

A B A B A B A B C C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

30

15

Ba Karnaugh 4 bin
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 C 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 D 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 F 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

F AB 00 CD 00

01

11

10

01

11

10

31

Ba Karnaugh 4 bin
F AB 00 CD 00 01 11 10

Lu cc k hiu trong ba Karnaugh

01

11

10

32

16

Ba Karnaugh 4 bin
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 C 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 D 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 F 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

F AB 00 CD 00

01

11

10

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 1

0 1 0 0

1 0 1 0
33

01

11

10

K-map 4 bin: nhm 2

F AB 00 CD 00 01 11 10 01 11 10

ACD

0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 1
34

BCD

17

K-map 4 bin: nhm 4

F AB 00 CD 00 01 11 10 01 11 10

0 1 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 1 0 0

CD

35

K-map 4 bin: nhm 4

F AB 00 CD 00 01 11 10 01 11 10

0 0 0 0

0 1 1 0

0 1 1 0

0 0 0 0

BD

36

18

K-map 4 bin: nhm 4

F AB 00 CD 00 01 11 10 01 11 10

0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1
37

BC

K-map 4 bin: nhm 4

F AB 00 CD 00 01 11 10 01 11 10

1 0 0 1

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

1 0 0 1
38

BD

19

K-map 4 bin: nhm 8

F AB 00 CD 00 01 11 10 01 11 10

0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0

39

K-map 4 bin: nhm 8

F AB 00 CD 00 01 11 10 01 11 10

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

40

20

K-map 4 bin: nhm 8

F AB 00 CD 00 01 11 10 01 11 10

1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1
41

Rt gn bng ba Karnaugh
Bc 1: Biu din hm cho trn ba Karnaugh. Bc 2: Nhm cc c gi tr bng 1 theo cc quy tc:

Tng cc l ln nht. Tng cc phi l 2n (n nguyn). Cc ny phi nm k nhau.

42

21

Rt gn bng ba Karnaugh
Bc 3: Lm li bc 2 cho n khi tt c cc logic 1 u c s dng. Bc 4: Xc nh kt qu theo cc quy tc:

Mi nhm s l mt tch ca cc bin. Kt qu l tng ca cc tch trn.

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V d 4-4
M L JL L JK 1
0

JK 1
2

JK 0
6

JK 0
4

0
1

1
3

0
7

1
5

JK

JKL

M = F(J,K,L) = J L + J K + J K L
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22

V d 4-5
BC C C AB 1
0

AB AB 0
2

AB 1
6 4

0 1
3 7

0
1

1
5

AC

Z = F(A,B,C) = A C + B C
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V d 4-6
AB C AC C 1 1 1 0 1 AB AB 0 1 AB 0 BC

AB

AB

F1 = F(A,B,C) = A B + A B + A C F2 = F(A,B,C) = A B + A B + B C
46

23

V d 4-7
WX WX WX WX WXY Y Z Y Z Y Z Y Z WZ 1
0

1
4

1
12

0
8

0
1

0
5

1
13

0
9

0
3

0
7

0
15

0
11

1
2

1
6

0
14

1
10

XYZ
47

F1 = F(w,x,y,z) = W X Y + W Z + X Y Z

V d 4-8
Rt gn biu thc sau y: f(A,B,C,D) = (2,3,4,5,7,8,10,13,15)
F AB 00 CD 00 01 11 10 01 11 10

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1
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24

V d 4-8
F AB 00 CD 01 11 10

ABC ABC

00 01 11 10

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

BD ABD

f(A,B,C,D) = BD + ABC + ABD + ABC

49

Trng thi Dont Care

Mt s mch logic c c im: vi mt s gi tr ng vo xc nh, gi tr ng ra khng c xc nh c th. Trng thi khng xc nh ca ng ra c gi l trng thi Dont Care. Vi trng thi ny, gi tr ca n c th l 0 hoc 1. Trng thi Dont Care rt tin li trong qu trnh rt gn ba Karnaugh.
50

25

V d trng thi Dont Care

51

V d 4-9
WX WX WX WX
WX 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Y 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Z 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 F2 1 x 1 0 0 x 0 x x 1 0 1 x 1 1 1

X Y Z Y Z Y Z Y Z Y Z 1
0

X
4

0
12

1
8

0
1

X
5

X
13

0
9

X
3

1
7

1
15

1
11

YZ

X
2

1
6

1
14

0
10

XY

F2 = F(w,x,y,z) = X Y Z + Y Z + X Y

52

26

V d 4-10

Xc nh biu thc cho bng chn tr sau y

Dng chun tc tuyn

f(A,B,C,D)

= (1,3,4,7,11) + d(5,12,13,14,15)

f(A,B,C,D)

Dng chun tc hi

= (0,2,6,8,9,10)D(5,12,13,14,15)

A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

C 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

D 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

F 0 1 0 1 1 x 0 1 0 0 0 1 x x x x
53

V d 4-10
f(A,B,C,D) = (1,3,4,7,11) + d(5,12,13,14,15) f(A,B,C,D) = (0,2,6,8,9,10)D(5,12,13,14,15)
F AB 00 CD 00 01 11 10 01 11 10 F AB 00 CD 00 01 01 11 10

1 1 1 x 1

x x x x 1

0 x

x x x

0 0

11 10

0
54

CTT

CTH

27

V d 4-10
F AB 00 CD 00 01 11 10 01 11 10 F AB 00 CD 00 01 01 11 10

1 1 1 x 1

x x x x 1

0 x

x x x

0 0

11 10

f(A,B,C,D) = CD + BC + AD f(A,B,C,D) = (B+D)(A+C)(C+D) (B+D)(A+C) (B+D)

55

K-map 5 bin
f(A,B,C,D,E) = (0,2,4,7,10,12,13,18,23,26,28,29)
A=0
F BC 00 DE 00 01 11 10 01 11 10 F BC 00 DE 00 01 11 10

A=1
01 11 10

0 1

4 5 7 6

12 13

8 9

16 20 17 21 19 23 18 22

28 24 29 25 31 27 30 26
56

3 2

15 11 14 10

28

K-map 5 bin
f(A,B,C,D,E) = (0,2,4,7,10,12,13,18,23,26,28,29)
A=0
F BC 00 DE 00 01 11 10 01 11 10 F BC 00 DE 00 01 11

A=1
01 11 10

1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

10

1
57

K-map 5 bin
f(A,B,C,D,E) = (0,2,4,7,10,12,13,18,23,26,28,29)
F BC 00 DE 00 01 11 10

A=0
01 11 10

F BC 00 DE 00

A=1
01 11 10

1 1
BCD BCDE

1 1 1 1 1
58

ABDE

01 11 10

1 1 1

CDE

f(A,B,C,D) = ABDE+BCD+BCDE+CDE

29

Cng EX-OR

Cng EX-OR c hai ng vo. Ng ra ca cng EX-OR mc cao ch khi hai ng vo c gi tr khc nhau.

59

Cng EX-OR

60

30

IC EX-OR 74LS86

61

Cng EX-NOR

Cng EX-NOR c hai ng vo. Ng ra ca cng EX-NOR mc cao ch khi hai ng vo c gi tr ging nhau.

62

31

Cng EX-NOR

63

V d 4-11

S dng cng EX-NOR n gin mch logic sau

64

32

Mch to v kim tra parity

65

Mch Enable/Disable

66

33

c im ca IC s

IC c cu to t cc in tr, diode, transistor, cc linh kin ny c t trn mt lp bn dn lm nn. trnh cc tc ng c hc, ha hc, IC c ng trong nhng v silicon hoc plastic. Chip thc t nh hn hnh dng ca n rt nhiu
67

Dng c bn ca IC s

Dng hai hng chn song song

68

34

Dng c bn ca IC s

Dng hai hng chn song song

69

Dng c bn ca IC s

Dng ng v hp (flat pack)

70

35

 gn IC

thun li trong qu trnh lp rp v thay i, IC thng c gn trn cc .

71

Mch s tch hp (IC)

tch hp
Small-scale integration (SSI) Medium-scale integration (MSI) Large-scale integration (LSI) Very large-scale integration (VLSI) Ultra large-scale integration (ULSI) Giga-scale integration (GSI)

S cng logic
<12 12 to 99 100 to 9999 10,000 to 99,999 100,000 to 999,999 1,000,000 or more
72

36

IC s Bipolar v Unipolar

IC s c phn thnh IC bipolar v IC unipolar.

IC bipolar l nhng IC c to thnh t nhng transistor BJT (PNP hoc NPN) IC unipolar c to thnh t nhng transistor hiu ng trng (MOSFET)

73

Cng NOT bipolar v unipolar

74

37

H IC

IC s c phn thnh hai loi chnh l TTL v CMOS.

H TTL l nhng IC bipolar (bng 4-1) H CMOS l nhng IC unipolar (bng 4-2)

75

H TTL (Bng 4-1)

Phn loi TTL Standard TTL Schottky TTL Low-power Schottky TTL Advanced Schottky TTL Advanced low-power Schottky TTL K hiu 74 74S 74LS 74AS 74ALS V d IC 7404 (NOT) 74S04 74LS04 74AS04 74ALS04
76

38

H CMOS (Bng 4-2)

Phn loi CMOS Metal-gate CMOS Metal-gate, pin-compatible with TTL Silicon-gate, pin-compatible with TTL, high-speed Silicon-gate, high-speed, pincompatible and electrically compatible with TTL
Advanced-performance CMOS, not pin or electrically compatible with TTL Advanced-performance CMOS, not pin but electrically compatible with TTL

K hiu 40 74C 74HC 74HCT

V d IC 4001 (NOR) 74C02 74HC02 74HCT02

74AC 74ACT

74AC02 74ACT02
77

Ngun cung cp v ni t

c th s dng c nhng IC s ta cn phi cung cp ngun cho n.

Chn ngun (power) k hiu l VCC cho h TTL v VDD cho h CMOS. Chn t (ground)

78

39

Mc in p TTL
Input Voltage
Maximum 5.0 V

Output Voltage
5.0 V Maximum

HIGH
4.0 V Typical 3.5 V 3.0 V 2.4 V 2.0 V Undefined Region 1.0 V 0.8 V 2.0 V

HIGH
4.0 V

3.0 V

2.0 V Undefined Region 1.0 V 0.4 V Typical 0.1 V

LOW
Minimum 0.0 V

LOW

0.0 V Minimum 79

Mc nhiu TTL
Input Voltage
Maximum 5.0 V

Output Voltage
5.0 V Maximum

HIGH
4.0 V Typical 3.5 V 3.0 V

HIGH
4.0 V

3.0 V

Mc nhiu (0.4 V)
2.0 V Undefined Region 1.0 V 0.8 V 2.0 V

2.4 V 2.0 V Undefined Region 1.0 V 0.4 V

Mc nhiu (0.4 V)

LOW
Minimum 0.0 V

Typical 0.1 V

LOW

80 0.0 V Minimum

40

Mc in p CMOS
Input Voltage
Maximum 5.0 V

Output Voltage
5.0 V Maximum 4.9 V

HIGH
4.0 V 3.5 V 3.0 V Undefined Region 2.0 V

HIGH
4.0 V

3.0 V Undefined Region 2.0 V

1.0 V

1.0 V

1.0 V

LOW LOW
Minimum 0.0 V 0.1 V
81 0.0 V Minimum

Mc nhiu CMOS
Input Voltage
Maximum 5.0 V

Output Voltage
5.0 V Maximum 4.9 V

HIGH
4.0 V

HIGH
Mc nhiu (1.4 V)
3.5 V 4.0 V

3.0 V Undefined Region 2.0 V Undefined Region

3.0 V

2.0 V

1.0 V

1.0 V

1.0 V

Mc nhiu (0.9 V)

LOW
82 0.0 V Minimum

LOW
Minimum 0.0 V

0.1 V

41

Ng vo khng kt ni

Vi h TTL, ng vo khng kt ni lm vic ging nh mc logic 1, tuy nhin khi o th in p DC ti chn nm trong khong 1,4 1,8V. Vi hc CMOS tt c cc ng vo phi c kt ni.

83

Nhng li bn trong IC

Ng vo hoc ra b ni n t hoc ngun VCC

84

42

Nhng li bn trong IC

Ng vo hoc ra b h mch

85

Nhng li bn trong IC

Ngn mch gia hai chn

86

43

Nhng li bn ngoi IC

ng dy tn hiu b h mch: dy t, mi hn khng tt, chn IC gy, chn IC gy. ng dy tn hiu b ngn mch: do ng dy, mi hn, board mch b t. Ngun cung cp khng ng. Output loading: khi ng ra kt ni vi qu nhiu ng vo khc.
87

Cu hi?

88

44