nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com I. Bn cn nhng g hc ti liu ny ?

1. T vic lp trnh trn my tnh, n hot ng ca mt con vi iu khin S ca ton b qu trnh c m t trong hnh v sau : Giao din son tho >> Trnh bin dch >> File .HEX >> Chng trnh np >> Mch np >> PIC (v s ny ra) Nhng m th ny, hin nay vic lp trnh cc giao din phn mm tr nn qu n gin, cho nn giao din son tho, trnh bin dch, v ngay c chng trnh np cng c tch hp vo trong chung mt phn mm, phn mm c gi l mi trng lm vic. MPLAB IDE l mt th d. Do vy, hiu r hn cc khi nim, chng ti trnh by thao tc t vic lp trnh trn giao din son tho, n vic np chng trnh cho PIC m khng dng MPLAB IDE. Chng ta s dng Notepad lm giao din son tho, MPASM l chng trnh dch, dng mch np PG2C v chng trnh np IC PROG. Phn ny cc bn khng cn lm theo, ch cn xem thi, v chng ti ch minh ha v cc khi nim cc bn hiu. Cc bn cng cha cn bit chng trnh u ra, ch cn thy giao din khc nhau l bit chng trnh khc nhau ri. Trc tin, chng ta s son tho trn mn hnh Notepad mt chng trnh bng ngn ng lp trnh MPASM nh hnh sau :

Hnh 2.1 : Giao din son tho n gin nht l Notepad

nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com Chng ta s lu li file trn l PICtutorial_intro.asm Sau , chng ta s dng chng trnh bin dch MPASM dch nhng g chng ta vit trong PICtutorial_intro.asm thnh PICtutorial_intro.HEX chun b np vo PIC.

Hnh 2.2 : Trnh dch MPASM trn Windows Sau khi dch xong, s c mt bng thng bo xut hin nh sau:

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Hnh 2.3: Bng thng bo sau khi dch xong Cc bn s thy trn thng bo c nhng ni dung sau: Errors: 0, l s li c php hoc nhng li quy nh ca trnh dch MPASM. Chng ta s phn tch v cc li xy ra trong qu trnh thc hin nhng bi tp thc hnh phn sau. Cn phn ny, tt nhin chng trnh ny ti vit lm lun vn, vy th khng sai c, cho nn s li s l 0. Warnings: l cc thng bo cn ch , y cng l 0, c ngha l khng c cc thng bo no. Cc thng bo ny l nhng thng bo rng c mt s thanh ghi c bit cn phi quan tm, c th khi vit chng trnh khng sai v li c php, nhng c th sai v li v tr thanh ghi Cc thng bo ny khng c. Message: l cc thng bo cho ngi dng ch , c mt s thanh ghi nm cc BANK khc nhau, cn phi ch khi lp trnh. Khi nim ny cc bn s lm quen sau. Nhng y c 10 thng bo. Khi gp cc thng bo ny, cc bn phi xem li trong chng trnh v chc rng mnh lm ng. Nhng cho d bn lm ng ri, th cc thng bo ny vn c nh thng. l iu hn ch ca trnh dch, cc bn phi thng cm. Lines Assembled: 810 l s dng c vit trong chng trnh, k c nhng dng cc bn b trng, hoc nhng dng khng dch. N thng k di chng trnh ca cc bn. C 1024 dng lnh l 1K Flash, v 16F628(A) c ti 2K Flash, nh vy, chng trnh ny vn m bo hot ng tt. Sau khi dch xong, n s to ra mt lot cc file khc ngoi file PICtutorial_intro.asm ban u nh hnh sau:

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Hnh 2.4: Cc file c to ra sau khi dch File ERR lu cc thng bo li. Nhng y s li khng c, th cng ch c g xem. File .LST l file LIST. N trnh by li file .asm ban u ca cc bn, nhng n th hin thnh dng ct, v hng r rng hn. ng thi, n cng ghi r v tr ca mt lnh trong b nh khi np vo PIC nh hnh sau:

nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com Hnh 2.5: File LIST c to ra Nhng file khc cc bn khng cn phi quan tm. M thc ra cc bn cng khng cn phi quan tm n file no khc ngoi tr file .HEX c to ra.

Vy ni dung ca file .HEX l g? L nhng th chng ta khng c c v khng hiu c. Vy khng cn c v khng cn hiu lm g, ch cn xem cho vui thi. N nh sau :

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By gi cc bn gn mch np PG2C vo cng COM ca my tnh, trn c gn mt con PIC16F628 nh hnh sau :

Chng ta s gn con PIC16F628 nh sau:

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Sau , chng ta s m chng trnh ICPROG ln, chn ng loi PIC16F628 v chn file .HEX np cho PIC. Vic cui cng l n nt Program trn chng trnh np ICPROG:

Kt qu, cc bn s c mt con PIC c np chng trnh, v by gi ch cn cm n vo mch chy. Bt in, v mi chuyn khng cn g ni.

nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com Sau phn ny, cc bn hnh dung c th no l mt giao din son tho, mt chng trnh dch, mch np v chng trnh np. Quan trng hn, thc cht y l mt quy trnh y cc bn c th lm vic vi mt con PIC bng ngn ng MPASM. Chng ti cha cp n vn thc hin nhng cng vic phc tp, v phng thc to ra mt th vin s dng sau ny, v khng th t mc tiu bin mt ngi cha bit vi iu khin thnh mt chuyn gia lp trnh. Hn na, chng ti cha l chuyn gia, th khng th bin cc bn thnh chuyn gia c. Trn kia l nhng g m chng ti tin chc l cc bn c th thc hin cho sut cc ti sinh vin ca cc bn. Vy cc bn cn hc g? 2. Nhng g bn cn hc phn trn, cc bn thy rng c mt con PIC hot ng c, bn phi lp trnh trn my tnh, dng chng trnh dch dch ra file .HEX, ri dng chng trnh np v mch np np file .HEX vo PIC. Sau cng, bn gn PIC vo mch v bt in cho n hot ng. Chng ti c hay nhc li rng bn ang l ngi mi bt u hc nhc bn rng bn ch cn quan tm n nhng g cn quan tm. Vy nn, bn khng th ngi vit ra chng trnh dch, cng khng th sng to ra mt mch np cng vi chng trnh np da vo nhng ti liu khng phi bng ting m ca bn. Kt qu, nhng th bn ch c th la chn t nhng ci c sn. thun tin cho vic la chn ca bn, chng ti lit k ra y nhng chng trnh dch, chng trnh np v mch np m chng ti bit, s dng, km theo mt s li khuyn cho vic la chn ca bn. Nh vy, ni dung m chng ti s cp ch yu trong ti liu ny, l hng dn cc bn vit chng trnh trn my tnh, v hiu c nhng g bn vit trn my tnh, vi iu khin s thc thi nh th no, t cc bn c th to cho mnh nhng ng dng ring. Nhng nh ni trc y, hin nay vic lp trnh giao din son tho tr nn n gin, v ngi ta tch hp giao din son tho vi chng trnh dch thun tin cho ngi dng. Do vy, t y, khi chng ta ni n lp trnh trn mt ngn ng no , ng ngha n i km vi mi trng lm vic ca ngn ng l giao din son tho v trnh dch t ngn ng ra file .HEX. Trong ti liu ny, chng ti ch chn ngn ng MPASM, CCS C v HT PIC hng dn cc bn. V vy, chng ti tm thi gc li cc ngn ng khc l C17, C18 (dng cho PIC18F), C30 (dng cho dsPIC), cng nh mt s ngn ng PICBasic, hoc cc ngn ng C khc.

nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com Ngoi ra, trong 3 ngn ng trn, HT PIC ch cung cp chng trnh dch i km, v n cho php nhng vo mi trng lm vic MPLAB IDE, do vy, giao din lm vic ca HT PIC s cng chnh l giao din lm vic ca MPASM, v chnh l mi trng MPLAB.

nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com Giao din mi trng MPLAB IDE

Giao din mi trng CCS C

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Cc bn mun hc theo ti liu hng dn ny, chc chn cc bn phi s dng c ba mi trng lm vic ny. Mi trng MPLAB IDE c th nhng CCS C, HT PIC, C17, C18, C30 v rt nhiu ngn ng lp trnh khc vo trong mi trng ca n. Tuy nhin, chng ti khuyn rng, khi cc bn lm vic vi h thng ca CCS C, cc bn c lm vic trn mi trng ca chnh n. Bi v mi mi trng c thit lp ra cho mt ngn ng, ngi lp trnh lm cho n n gin nht v d dng nht cho ngi dng. Trong khi , MPLAB IDE phi thit k mt giao din ph hp vi tt c cc ngn ng, cho nn s phc tp hn. MPLAB IDE c cung cp min ph ti www.microchip.com CCS C c bn ti www.ccsinfo.com, chng trnh demo dng trong 30 ngy HT PIC c th s dng 30 ngy min ph ti www.hitech.com Chng ti download sn cc chng trnh ny trong a CD v c hng dn ci t cho cc bn. (C:// Chuong trinh dich). Mch np v chng trnh np

nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com Mch np JDM JDM modified PG1D PG2C PG3B PG4B PG5V2 MCP-PIC MCP-USB Kt ni my tnh COM COM COM COM Chng trnh np IC Prog IC Prog IC Prog IC Prog Ghi ch Mch in hnh, d lm Thay i ca JDM cho ch np tt hn, d lm Ging JDM, nhng dng np ICSP, kch thc nh, cc k n gin. Ging JDM, nhng s dng cc linh kin d kim Vit Nam (*****) Np rt nhanh (*****)

Cng ICProg, ProPIC2 my in LPT ICProg COM ICProg COM Tng thch PICStart Plus, dng MPLAB np USB Tng thch PICStart Plus COM COM COM LPT COM LPT USB COM, USB COM

Chnh l mch JDM modified (****) Np rt chm, t tin

ICD1 ICD 2 Warp13A PIC16Pro40 ProPIC2 Labtools Start Kit 1 PM2, PM3 ICD1 Mirochip

Thm FT232 to ra cng COM o bng USB. Thun tin khi di chuyn, khng dng ngun ngoi. Gi cao. Np chm. MPLAB Gi cao, ch dng cho mt s loi thng dng. Chc nng In Circuit Debugger MPLAB Rt mnh, np c nhiu loi. Chc nng In circuit debugger Tng thch PICStart Np nhanh, gi cao hn MCP Plus WinPICProg Mch np in hnh ca Nigel Goodwin, c dng ging dy nhiu trng i hc trn th gii ICPROG, Propic2 C hai phn, phn thng thng c th t lm, phn c debugger phi mua, gi rt cao. Labtools Gi rt cao, np a dng, khng ph hp vi vic chuyn np PIC MPLAB Np c mt s loi, c th t lm MPLAB Gi rt cao, khng nn quan tm nu cha c nhu cu MPLAB Gi cao, khng ph hp. Chc nng ICD

nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com ICD2 USB Microchip MPLAB Gi cao, khng ph hp. Chc nng ICD

Tt c cc mch nguyn l v chng trnh np u c trong CD, ngoi ra, trong CD cng c nhng chng trnh v mch np chng ti khng lit k ra y. Mt s mch np khng c s nguyn l v khng c cho min ph. Ring mch MCP-USB, chng ti lm c v d kin s bn trong thi gian sp ti. Tuy nhin, mch ny gi linh kin kh cao, thit ngh khng ph hp lm vi sinh vin, tc np li chm. Ch ph hp vi cc bn mun lm thc nghim vi nhiu loi vi iu khin khc nhau thc hin sn phm thng mi. Ngoi cch np chng trnh thng thng bng mch np (programmer), cc bn cn c mt cch np khc, tn dng chc nng self-programming ca PIC, l bootloader. Tuy nhin, v cha trnh by cho cc bn v cu trc b nh ca PIC, do , chng ti tm gc phn gii thiu v bootloader li cho phn sau. 3. Dng c hc tp ca bn u ? iu u tin cc bn cn c l 2 con PIC16F628A v 16F877A. Cc bn c th tm thy cc con PIC ny cc ch in t nh Hng Trng H Ni hoc Nht To TPHCM. Tuy nhin, cc bn vn c th mua c PIC thng qua mt s ngi bn l trn www.diendandientu.com, theo tham kho th gi PIC trn din n tng i r hn so vi gi PIC cc ch in t. Cng vic th hai, l cc bn cn phi ci t cc phn mm cn thit bt u cc bi hc lp trnh. Cc chng trnh MPLAB IDE, CCS C v HT PIC u c sn trong a CD, cc bn nn xem hng dn trong a CD v ci t theo hng dn. Tip theo, cc bn cn c mt mch np np cho PIC. Chng ti la chn mch np PG2C nh mt v d in hnh hng dn cc bn cch lm mch v thao tc vi chng trnh np ICProg. L do chng ti la chn mch np ny l v n tng i d lm, v gi linh kin thc hin mch np cng tng i r. Trong CD, c cung cp s nguyn l, mch in v c cc file ORCAD ca mch np ny. Cui cng, cc bn cn chp cc file trong th mc ICProg vo a cng chy, chng trnh ny khng cn ci t. Do c rt nhiu vn c hi xung quanh ICProg, chng ti trnh by phn ci t chng trnh mt cch c th trong ti liu hng dn lun. Khi chp vo a cng, cn phi chp y c th mc vo a cng v to mt shortcut ngoi desktop tin vic s dng sau ny.

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Chy chng trnh ICProg.exe B qua tt c cc thng bo li m c chng trnh ra. Chn Settings >> Clear Settings

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Sau khi nhn Yes lin tc, mt mn hnh Hardware settings s hin ra. Do chng ta chn dng b np PG2C l mt b np c pht trin ca JDM, cho nn phn Programmer chng ta s chn JDM Programmer. Phn Ports, chng ta s chn COM 2 hoc COM 3 ty theo my tnh ca bn. Tuy nhin, thng th chng ta nn chn COM 2, v COM 3 chnh l COM 1 v COM 1 thng hay dng cho cc cng vic khc. Phn Interface, cc bn chn Windows API v phn Communication cc bn khng nh du g c. Cc bn nhn OK. Khi s dng Windows API, cc bn khng cn quan tm n phn I/O Delay.

nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com Mn hnh ban u sau khi khi ng li IC-Prog hin ra nh hnh trn. Chng ta s chn Settings >> Options tip tc ci t cho IC-Prog.

Mn hnh Options s hin ra. Cc bn s ch quan tm ti phn Misc, cn cc phn khc khng cn quan tm. C mc nh nh chng trnh ban u c.

nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com Cc bn chn Enable Vcc control for JDM, sau mi chn tip Enable NT/2000/XP Driver. Khi bn chn Enable Driver xong, ngay lp tc s c mt mn hnh Confirm hin ln nh trong hnh trn. Cc bn nhn Yes ci t. Lu rng, driver nm sn trong th mc ICProg m cc bn chp sang. Do vy, ICProg s t ng nhn ra v khi ng li ICProg.

Mt mn hnh Confirm khc s hin ra yu cu bn xc nhn vic ci t driver cho Windows NT/2000/XP. Cc bn chn Yes. Nh vy, cng vic ci t hon tt. Chng ti hng dn cc bn ci t theo cc bc trn l v hin nay, a s cc bn u chn Windows XP s dng. Windows 98se khng cn ph bin na. Nu cc bn vn dng Windows 98se th cc bn chn Interface Direct I/O thay v chn Windows API, v cc bn nguyn I/O Delay (10) l mc nh. Tc np s nhanh hn, tuy nhin chng ta tm gc li chuyn ny y. Sau khi ci t cc chng trnh MPLAB IDE, CCS C, HT PIC v IC-Prog, cc bn hon tt bi hc th nht cho vic chun b cc dng c hc tp trn my tnh. Bi hc th hai, hon ton khng lin quan n vi iu khin, nhng thit ngh n li rt cn thit cho cc bn trong vic lm mch chy cho vi iu khin sau ny, l vic lm mch in. Trong bi hc ny, chng ta s ly vic lm mch np PG2C lm th d. Nh vy, chng ta va c th lm ra mt dng c hc tp na, li va tit kim thi gian. 4. in t c bn dng cho vi iu khin c nhiu bn t cu hi v nhng iu v cng n gin l nn chn in tr nh th no, ti sao li mc chn linh kin nh th ? Nhng iu ny tht l kh tr li v n qu n gin vi cc bn hc in t, v li dng nh l m h vi cc bn mi hc, nht l khi cc bn cha tn mt thy ci in tr, transistor, hay ci diode thc t n ra lm sao. Hng dn lm mch in