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6. Nhn xt Sau khi tnh ton v so snh vi kt qu thc nghim, tc gi c mt s nhn xt sau: 1) Di tc dng ca ma st m, sc ch u ti cc b nh hng v gim i so vi tnh ton ban u. V th, nu khng xt n nh hng ca ma st m trong tnh ton th s rt nguy hi m c bit l khi thit k qu st hoc nhng khu vc c chi u dy lp t yu ln; 2) Ma st m ph thuc rt nhi u cc yu t nh loi cc, chiu di cc, c tnh ca t, chi u dy l p t yu, chiu cao lp p, ph ti. Ni chung, vic nh gi nh hng ca ma st m n s lm vi c ca cc l phc tp; 3) Ma st m pht trin theo thi gian v t gi tr ln nht khi kt thc qu trnh c kt; 4) Vic xc nh chiu di nh hng ca ma st m l kh khn v n ph thuc rt nhi u vo cc yu t tnh ton. Bn cnh , vic xc nh sc chu ti ca cc cng mc phi nhi u sai s nn kt qu tnh ton l thuyt phi kt hp vi th nghi m hin trng a ra kt qu tin cy nht, ng dng cho thit k i tr. 5) Ty theo chi u cao ca l p t p (hoc ln ca ph ti) v chiu dy ca tng t yu m chiu su vng nh hng ca ma st m c th khng ch trong vng t yu m c th nh hng sang c lp t tt bn di (khi ln ca lp t tt l n hn ln ca cc). TI LIU THAM KHO [1] B xy dng (1998), TCXD 205-1998, Mng cc-Tiu chun thi t k, H Ni. [2] Vn v cc cng s (2008), Phn mm plaxis ng dng vo tnh ton cc cng trnh thy cng, Nh xut bn Xy dng. [3] u Vn Ng (2009), Nghin cu nh hng ca hin t ng ma st m v cc bin php gim thiu, Tp ch Khoa hc v Pht tri n Cng ngh, i hc Bch Khoa Thnh ph H Ch Minh, 12(6), tr 96-103. [4] Nguyn Vn Ngc (2010), nh h ng ca nn t yu n qu trnh tnh ton thit k v khai thc s dng cng trnh bn b cc cao, Tp ch Giao thng Vn ti, s 17, (10). [5] Cng ty C phn T vn xy dng cng trnh Hng Hi, H s thit k bn v thi cng cu tu 10.000 DWT cng ty TNHH 1 thnh vin 128- Qun chng Hi Qun (2-2011). [6] Michael Tomlinson and Jonh Woodward (fifth edtion), Pile design and construction practice. [7] H.G.Poulos v E.H.Davis (1969), Pile foundation and analysis desgin. [8] US Army corp of engineer, design of pile foundation. Ngi phn bin: ThS. Nguyn i Vit

NGHIN CU H TH NG S DNG CAMERA T NG PHT HIN V BM THEO I TNG CHUYN NG RESEARCH A CAMERA SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC DETECT AND TRACKING OF MOVING OBJECTS
PGS.TS. HONG XUN BNH, KS. NGUYN VN TIN Khoa in- TTB , Trng HHH Tm tt Bi bo nhm gii thiu c s v kt qu nghin cu s dng my tnh nhng gii quyt cc thut ton x l nh s. Kt qu minh ha trong bi bo v quan st v tr ca vt th chuyn ng phc v cho h thng iu khin v tr hoc cc h thng gim st an ninh. Abstract Contents of the article to introduce the preliminary findings use to embedded computers solve the digital image processing algorithms. The results illustrated in the paper on the observed position of moving objects for position control system or the security monitoring system.

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1. t vn Pht hi n ra c cc i tngchuyn ng trn mt frame nh thu c t camera v t ng theo vt i tng l mt bi ton c bn trong l nh vc x l nh nhng vic cho h thng t ng pht hi n ra i tng v bm theo i tng l rt kh khn v: Xy h thng x l nh trn nn vi iu khi n kh thc hi n, vi c l p trnh v m rng cc ng dng c nhiu hn ch v khng tha hng c nhng phn mm h tr x l nh cng nh cc th vin c sn. gi i quyt vn trn, bi bo v vn thu thp v x l nh trn h thng nhng Linux. Vi cch lm ny, h thng d dng thu nhn c hnh nh t webcam dng jpeg v x l nh nh cc th vin c sn h tr cho linux nh libjpg, uvc lib, opencv[5]. 2. H thng nhng Linux H thng nhng Linux l mt my tnh c ci t mt h iu hnh hnh Linux. Nhn Linux l ht nhn ca Linux, c lp trnh bng ngn ng C v c Linus Torvalds pht tri n [7], m phng l i ht nhn Unix. Linux l mt trong nhng v d in hnh ca phn mm m v min ph. N c vit bi Linus Torvalds vo nm 1991. Rt sm t trc , Unix gp phn vo code v tng cho Linux [7]. Cng thi gian , cc d n GNU to ra c rt nhi u cc thnh phn cn thit cho mt h iu hnh phn mm m. Trn hnh 1, l cu trc ca mt h thng s dng nhn Linux. Linux c xp vo h iu hnh dng phn tng (UL Linux). Lp trong cng l Hardware cung cp nhng dch v cho OS. Trong UL Linux ngi ta thng cp ti Kernel nh nhn ca OS. Kernel tng tc trc tip vi phn cng v cung cp cc dch v cho chng trnh ngi s dng (User Program) [8]. Nhng chng trnh ngi s dng khng cn bi t bt k iu g v phn cng. Chng ch cn bit lm th no tng tc vi Kernel v tc ng ln Kernel cung cp dch v mong mun. Mt trong nhng yu cu ln nht ca ngi Hnh 1. H thng s dng nhn Linux. vit chng trnh l vi t nhng chng trnh ngi s dng khng ph thuc vo phn cng v d dng linh ng vi h thng mi. Thit b phn cng c s dng trong ti ny l Pandaboard ES2. S khi v hnh nh Phadaboard ES 2 nh trong hnh 2. Pandaboard l mt my tnh nhng vi kh nng x l mnh m nht l v ha nh c b giatc ha 3D. c trang b chp li kp ARM Cortex A9 1GHz b nh trong 1GB DDRAM 2. Ton b image nh h iu hnh c khi to t th nh sau c load vo b nh trong qu trnh hot ng.

Hnh 2. S khi v hnh nh v Pandaboard ES2.

Cc thi t b ngoi vi ty theo ng dng m kt ni nh ethernet 10/100 duplex, usb host, usb device, sd card 8GB, uart, ADC Extension Connector. HDMI h tr 1080p, Lan 10/100MB. wifi 54Mb, 3. Thut ton x l nh a. S lc v bi ton pht hin chuyn ng vt th Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 32 11/2012 29

CHO MNG NGY NH GIO VIT NAM 20/11/2012

Chuyn ng theo cc khi nim trong vt l l s thay i v tr gia vt ny v vt kia. Khi xt ti chuyn ng ta thng t n vo mt h quy chiu qun tnh. iu ny c ngha rt quan trng khi ng dng vo camera ng. Chuyn ng trong thc t l chuyn ng 3D nhng khi con ngi tip nhn th n tr thnh chuyn ng 2D. V php ton chuyn i nh 3D thnh nh 2D m mt con ngi cm nhn c l php chi u phi cnh. Trn hnh 3 m t qu trnh to nh ca on thng P1P2 trn mt phng chiu thng qua php chiu phi cnh vi tm chi u O (Hnh 3). Chuyn ng trong th gi i thc 3D qua php chiu phi cnh s bi n thnh chuyn ng trong mt phng 2D. Tuy nhin con ngi nhn bit chuyn ng qua s thay i sng ca im nh. Do c nhng chuyn ng m con ngi khng c cm nhn c nh l chuyn ng ca qu cu ng mu. T ta c phng php pht hin chuyn ng u tin l so snh s khc bit theo thi gian.

z P1 O Tm chiu x Mt phng chiu

Hnh 3. Php chiu vt th ln nn 2D.

P2 y

b. S dng phng php tr nn pht hin v theo vt i t ng chuyn ng Phng php trn da trn s so snh gi a 2 nh, gia cc nh trong chui nh vi mt nh tham chiu gi l nh nn. nh nn l cnh thu c khi khng c i tng chuyn ng no. Gi B l nh nn thu c, ta c khc bi t gi a nh nn v nh th k trong chui nh [1,2,3,4]. Dk= Fk B (1) trong : Dk l tham s c trng cho s khc bit gia 2 nh, Fk l bc nh th k thu c t camera, B l nh nn. Tuy nhin trong thc t lun c nhiu v vy ta phi dng ngng hn ch nhi u (2) Vi Mk l mt n chuyn ng, im ( x, y ) c xem l chuyn ng khi Mk (x, y ) = 1 v ng yn khi Mk( x, y ) = 0. Tham s T y l ngng hn ch cc nhi u pht sinh. Trong thc t nh nn lun lun bin i do s thay i sng do gi, cc m my bay qua v th ta phi lun cp nhp nn li. Gi Bk l nn thi im k. Ta c nn thi im k + 1 c cp nht nh sau [2,4]: (3) Vi l mt hng s c gi l t l hc phn nh mc cp nht nn hanh hay chm. Bk1 l nh nn cp nht ca nh nn th Bk. Phng php tr nn cho kt qu tt khi x l cc i tng ng mu, tuy nhin n c mt nhc im khi nh nn cha mt i tng ng yn, sau i tng ny chuyn ng th phng php trn s pht hin ra 2 i tng chuyn ng ch khng phi l 1 S d c s sai khc ny l do lc ny h thng x l s tm thy hai s sai khc ca bc nh th k so vi nh nn. Nh v d hnh 4 m t qu trnh vt th thuc nn di chuyn sang phi. i tng th nht c pht hin l do s Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 32 11/2012 30

CHO MNG NGY NH GIO VIT NAM 20/11/2012

sai khc cc pixel khi i tng di chuyn n v tr mi. i tng th hai cng l s sai khc cc pixel gi a nh nn v nh chp th k nhng l do cc pixel ca i tng di chuyn ti v tr mi hon ton khng phi l v tr hin ti ca i tng. i tng b pht hin sai ny c gi l bng ma. gi i quyt vn trn ngi ta phi s dng nh nn khng c i tng chuyn ng no trong hoc c th da vo cc thut ton to nh nn. Ngoi ra cn mt hng tip cn mi trong phng php tr nn l da trn m hnh xc sut thng k. tng chnh y l a ra mt m hnh thng k cho nn. Thng c hai m hnh thng k chnh l n phng thc (unimodal) v a phng thc (multimodal ). Trong m hnh n phng thc mi im c m hnh vi phn phi xc sut n thng l phn phi Gaussian ( x, y, k, k), trong : k l gi tr trung bnh v k l ma trn hip phng sai ca phn phi frame t. V nn lun lun thay i nn ta phi cp nhp li m hnh nn nh sau [2,4]: (4) Vi l hng s iu chnh mc cp nht nn nhanh hay chm. i vi m hnh nn a phng thc ( multimodal ), chng ta cn n nhiu phn phi xc sut c l p vi nhau m hnh mi im nh. Mi phn phi c gn vi mt trng s c trng cho mc u tin ca chng. Ch mt vi phn phi u tin vi trng s ln mi c dng m hnh cho nn. Mt phn phi mi ca s quan st s c cp nhp vo m hnh nn nu nh n khng khp bt c phn phi no c trng cho m hnh nn, ngc l i n trng s ca cc phn phi s c cp nhp li nh sau [2,4]: (5) Vi m l ch s ca phn phi khp vi phn phi mi ca s quan st, c gi l t l hc trng s, wt+1,I l trng s ca phn phi. c. Lu thut ton v kt qu thc hi n
Bt u
Thu khung hnh hin ti v nh nn

Chuyn thnh nh xm

So snh cc pixel ca 2 nh

S
Gi tr vt ngng ?

C vt di chuyn K hng c vt di chuyn

Tnh ta tm vt chuyn ng

So snh tm vt th # tm khung hnh

iu khin ng c quay camera

K t thc

a)

b)
Hnh 5. Kt qu thc hin

c)

a. Lu thut ton; b. C cu iu khin camera; c. Giao di n iu khi n camera. Kt qu thi cng phn cng h thng cng nh thut ton x l nh c th hi n bng cc hnh nh trong hnh 5. H thng gm webcam phn gii 5.0 Mpxl tiu c f = 3,58mm, tn hi u ra 30 hnh/s. Qu trnh x l iu khin thc hi n bi chip ARM Cortex A9 tc 1GHz. Phn mm c vi t bng ngn ng C++ chy trn nn Linux. V tr vt th c th hin bng Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 32 11/2012 31

CHO MNG NGY NH GIO VIT NAM 20/11/2012

chm xanh, trong hnh 5.c. Cc thng tin v ta vt cng c th hi n y trn giao di n iu khin. nh gi v chng trnh cho thy chng trnh hot ng tt, v tr vt th c xc nh chnh xc v hnh dng v kch thc. Vn iu khin gc quay camera cng thc hin tt khi s dng ng c RC servo. 3. Kt lun Bi bo cp n ni dung s dng my tnh nhng xy dng mt h thng x l nh bm theo i tng chuyn ng, kt qu thu c l chnh xc. M hnh thc nghim cho kt qu tt khng nh tnh ng n ca thut ton. y l kt qu ban u v ni dung ng dng cng ngh x l nh trong lnh va iu khi n v t ng ha. Cc ni dung v vn ng dng x l nh s s c nhm tc gi tip tc nghin cu v s c trnh by cc cng trnh nghin cu tip theo. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Lng Mnh B , Nhp mn x l nh s, Nh xut bn KHKT 2006. H Vn Sung, X l nh s- L thuyt v thc hnh vi MATLAB, NXB KHKT 2009. Rafael C. Gonzlez, Richard Eugene Woods, Digital image processing, Kluwer Publisher . Subhash Challa, Fundamentals of Object Tracking , Cambridge University Press, 2011. Adrian Kaehler, Learning OpenCV: Computer Vision with the OpenCV Library, 2000. Mark G. Sobell, Practical Guide to Linux Commands, Editors, and Shell Programming, 2002. http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux.

Ngi phn bin: TS. Trn Sinh Bin

NG DNG IU CH A SNG MANG - CC SNG MANG CON PHN CHIA TRC GIAO TRONG H THNG THNG TIN V TUYN DI NC THE APPLICATION OF MULTICARRIER MODULATION WITH ORTHOGONAL SUBCARRIERS (MC-OFDM) IN UNDERWATER WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
TS. L QUC VNG Khoa in - TTB, Trng HHH KS. NGUYN VN KIN Cng ty Xi mng Hi Phng Tm tt Bi vi t trnh by v ngha v nguyn l hot ng c bn ca mt phng thc iu ch c bit c ng dng trong thng tin v tuyn di nc, l iu ch a sng mang vi cc sng mang con trc giao. Abstract This article presents about the meaning and the fundamental principle of a special modulation method what is applied in underwater wireless communication: Multicarrier Modulation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MC-OFDM). 1. H thng thng tin v tuyn di nc v c im truyn lan sng thy m Cu trc c bn nht ca mt h thng thng tin v tuyn di nc (Underwater Wireless Communication UWC) c trnh by trn hnh 1.

Hnh 1. Cu trc c bn ca UWC.

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