Chng 1 MNG V K THUT MNG VIN THNG

1.1. Mng vin thng 1.1.1. Khi nim

Mng vin thng l tp hp cc trang thit b k thut cung cp dch v vin thng cho ngi s dng.

1.1.2. Cc thnh phn ca mng vin thng

Phn cng bao gm : Thit b u cui ; Cc h thng chuyn mch ; Cc thit b truyn dn

Hnh 1-1 Cc b phn cu thnh mng vin thng Thit b u cui TE: m bo giao tip gia ngi dng, chuyn i thng tin ca ngi s dng sang tn hiu in v trao i cc tn hiu iu khin mng li. Thit b chuyn mch : Thit lp ng truyn dn gia cc thu bao bt k, vi thit b chuyn mch th ng truyn c chia s mng li c th s dng mt cc kinh t, c hai loi thit b chuyn mch : Tng i ni ht :Dng kt ni trc tip vi thu bao. Tng i chuyn tip : Chuyn mch lu lng gia cc tng i vi nhau. Thit b truyn dn: Dng kt ni thu bao ti tng i v kt ni cc tng i vi nhau, m bo truyn thng tin mt cch chnh xc. Phng thc truyn dn c th l : Truyn dn hu tuyn v Truyn dn v tuyn

1.2. K thut mng vin thng

K thut mng vin thng cn thit lm cho s kt hp ca cc dng thit b c th vn hnh nh mt mng li, k thut mng li vin thng bao gm : Cu hnh mng li, nh s, tnh cc, bo hiu, ng b mng li v cht lng lin lc.

Hnh 1-2. K thut mng vin thng

1.2.1. Cu hnh mng

1.2.1.1. T chc mng li T chc mng li c ngha l kt ni cc tng i vi nhau. Khi c nhiu hn mt tng i c ni bng trung k th khi ta c mt t chc mng li. Cc dng c bn: Dng li (mesh), dng sao (star) v dng hn hp. Mng li : Cc tng i c kt ni trc tip vi nhau thng qua tng i trung gian. S lng cc ng kt ni khi c n tng i =
n(n 1) . Hn ch : Khng ph hp cho phm vi rng. Lu lng trn 2

tng i nh lu lng trn mch thp km hiu qu do vy phng php ny ch thch hp cho mng c t tng i, nm tp trung trong vng c phm v hp.u im: Khi c s c th n d dng khc phc c.

Mng sao : Cc tng i ni ht c ni ti tng i chuyn tip nh hnh sao. Lu lng gia cc tng i ni ht c tp trung bi tng i chuyn tip. u im : Cc ng truyn dn s c cng mt cch hiu qu hn. Mng sao thch hp vi ni yu cu k thut truyn dn cao hn chi ph chuyn mch , tng i c th phn b trong vng rng ln. Hn ch : Khi tng i chuyn tip b hng th cuc gi gia cc tng i ni ht khng th thc hin c nh hng ti mt vng rng. Mng hn hp : L mng kt hp ca hai mng trn. c dim: Khi lu lng gia cc tng i ni ht nh th n s c kt ni thng qua tng i chuyn tip. Khi lu lng ln th cc tng i c kt ni trc tip vi nhau, cu hnh ny cho php khai thc cc tng i v thit b hiu qu hn. 1.2.1.2. Phng php xc nh cu hnh mng T chc phn cp Khi mt mng c qui m nh th n thng c sp xp khng cn cp no c, khi mng ln ln th t chc phn cp thng c p dng. Phn cp ngha l tng i ni ht c ni kt ti tng i cp trn (trung tm c s) sau cc trung tm c s ny c kt ni ti tng i cp cao hn.

Hnh 1-3. T chc phn cp nh tuyn: Thng thng c nhiu ng kt ni gia hai tng i, vic la chn ng kt ni gia chng gi l nh tuyn. Trong nh tuyn th x l thay th thng c thc hin, c ngha l khi tuyn th nht c la chn m b chim th tuyn hai c la chn, cn nu tuyn hai b chim th tuyn ba c la chn, V d v t chc phn cp :

Hnh 1-4. V d v t chc phn cp

1.2.2. nh s
Yu cu nh s: D nh v d s dng. S th khng cn thit thay i trong mt thi gian di (mang tnh d tr), khi s lng thu bao tng Khng b thay i s.nh tuyn v tnh cc d dng, a ra c dch v mi mt cch thun tin. H thng nh s: H thng nh s ng v H thng nh s m ng ngha l khoanh vng cc thu bao c s cc ch s nh nhau (C ngha trong php vi hp, ni b nh trong c quan, vn phng,). M l kt hp ca nhiu vng nh s ng, cc thu bao thuc vng khc nhau c thm tin t trung k v m s trung k. Cu to s S quc gia :

Theo khuyn ngh E163 ca ITU th tin t trung k i vi cc nc l s 0, m trung k bao gm mt, hai, ba hay bn ch s. S quc t:

ITU-T cng khuyn ngh nn s dng 0 nh tin t quc t. M quc gia (nc) cng do ITU ch ra, bao gm 1,2 hay 3 ch s. S quc t khng qu 12 ch s, i vi s thu bao ISDN th khng qu 15 k t.

1.2.3. Bo hiu
Yu cu: Dung lng thng tin . Tr truyn tn hiu phi nh. Cc tn hiu n nh v khng c li. ng truyn phi c thit k 1 cch kinh t. m bo kt ni cc mng tt thng qua vic tiu chun ho tn hiu.

1.2.3.1. Cc dng tn hiu bo hiu

Hnh 1-5. Cc dng tn hiu bo hiu 1.2.3.2.Bo hiu gia thu bao v tng i: Tn hiu gim st c gi i bi s phn cc tt hay bt ca dng 1 chiu. Tn hiu a ch c gi bng PB hoc DP. 1.2.3.3.Bo hiu gia tng i v tng i: c phn chia thnh 2 loi: CAS:Tn hiu bo hiu c gn vi mi mch thoi, tn hiu bo hiu ny thng c gi v nhn trc thi im cuc gi tin hnh. CCS: Tn hiu bo hiu c tch ra khi tn hiu thoi v c thay th bng cc bn tin v c truyn i trn h thng truyn dn ring bit.

1.2.4. Tnh cc
Yu cu: Hp l vi ngi s dng H thng gi cc n gin H thng tnh cc chp nhn c t gc chi ph dch v Thit b tnh cc n gin Cc dng v c im ca h thng gi cc (1) Gi cc ngang bng Gi cc l c nh cho hng thng. c im: i vi nh cung cp :Thu nhp n nh, khng cn thit b o, ho n n gin. i vi nhng ngi s dng t v nhiu(lu lng) khng cng bng. (2)H thng gi cc c o: Da trn nguyn tc tnh theo lu lngcng bng hn i vi ngi s dng. i vi nh dich v th cn c thit b o, song ho n phc tp hn.

Khi khng c cuc gi th thu nhp ca nh cung cp bng 0khng b p c chi ph xy dng mng. (3) Tnh ton cc cuc gi Da trn thi gian cuc gi tng ng theo khong cch. Cc cuc gi = a.
thgiangoi Tgiy

a - Cc cuc gi cho T giy ng vi 1 khong cch nht nh. Bng vic thay i gi tr a hay T ta c 2 phng php tnh cc: Phng php tnh cc thi gian c nh (T khng i, a thay i theo khong cch) Phng php o nhp chu k (a khng i, T thay i theo khong cch)

1.2.5. ng b
Khi xy dng mng, tn hiu s ca cc ng h phi c thng nht mt cch chnh xc, m bo vic truyn v nhn thng tin gia cc tng i. Phng php ng nht tn s ng h trong mt mng c gi l h thng ng b mng li. H thng ng b mng li c th phn thnh h thng cn ng b (cn ng b c lp),H thng ng b ch v t v h thng ng b tng h. 1.2.5.1.H thng cn ng b : B dao ng c t c lp ti mi im ca mng.H thng c s dng cho vin thng quc t.u im : Linh hot trong m rng, iu chnh v loi b mng li. Khng cn mng phn phi ng h.Nhc im : Mi trm cn mt ng h c tin cy cao. Cn thit mt cu hnh phc tp ca cc ng h. Chi ph cho ng b mng cao.

Hnh 1-6. H thng cn ng b 1.2.5.2.ng b ch-t (Master-Slaver): ng h c tin cy cao c lp trm ch v tn hiu ng h c phn phi qua mng cho cc trm t thng qua mng phn phi ng h.

Hnh 1-7. H thng ng b ch t 1.2.5.3.ng b tng h: ng h bin i c lp t ti mi trm trong mng c iu khin 1 cch tng h bi cc tn hiu ng h ca cc trm khc to ra 1 ng h thng nht chung cho cc trm trong mng li.

Hnh 1-8. H thng ng b tng h

1.2.6. Cht lng thng tin

Yu cu : kt ni nhanh, m thoi d chu, khng li. Cht lng dch v c nh gi nh lng bng cp ca dch v (kt ni nhanh), cht lng truyn dn (m thoi d chu) v cht lng n nh (khng li).