Microcontroller Based Automatic Electronic Duster

MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC ELECTRONIC DUSTER

PRAVEEN.G
Dept. name of organization (Electrical and Electronics Engineering), acronyms acceptable (AVS Engineering College), City, Country (Salem,TamilNadu) Email: Tkpraveen1612@gmail.com

Abstract Chalk dust is a primary nuisance inside our classroom. It is very light that it scatters all around the area. Inhalation of these fragments can be harmful to our health; moreover, it potentially causes electronic hazards. The automated chalk dust collector aims to collect these chalk dust firmly for recycling purposes. Also, its goal is to collect the particles from the blackboard while being erased. This would reduce contact since it will immediately go straight to the dispenser. The proponents successfully constructed a machine to be a tool for erasing chalk writings and collecting dust. The machine would be compared to the conventional eraser we often use. Unfortunately, the proponents failed collect more chalk dust using the machine compared to the usual eraser that was used. While it may be proven that the customary blackboard eraser collected more chalk dust and is therefore a more convenient tool to use, the machine that was built was safer and it avoided the nuisance and the extreme contact caused by chalk dust particles.

I.

INTRODUCTION

One of the problems we are experiencing in our classroom is erasing the blackboard. Chalk dust scatter causing extreme nuisance especially for people who have asthma. Also, chalk dust causes skin irritation and serious health problems. These tiny particles of chalk may also land on devices or computer equipments that would cause over-heating and severe damage. In order to overcome this problem we proposed this project. This project consists of micro controller, dc motor, robotic arm are the main parts. Overall function is control by microcontroller. Key pad is used to activate the microcontroller to ON and OFF. If we need to clean the board we need to TURN ON the microcontroller by key pad then dc motor which is used to move the arm at 45 degree at both side to clean the board. Duster which is holded by arm starts to clean the board. By using the solar panel we able to generate power it self. vaccum cleaner is used to collect the dust particles, which is used for recycling purpose. II. METHODOLOGY

For recycling purpose there is a special unit. That unit will collect all the chalk dust and compress that at particular temperature. Then the compressed particles has been put in to a mold for chalk creation. These are all available on the same system. For the recycling process vacuum cleaner has been used for suction of dust particles from board. The vacuum cleaner plays the main role in this automatic system. Because its the first technology which provides a system for board cleaning without wasting the dust come out from the board. The main problems nowadays are power issue. That will be overcome by means of solar panel. Distance operations here we use remote (zippy). That will get interact with microcontroller and then the overall system operation will be maintained. For the operation of remote there must be a transmitter and receiver operating techniques takes place Novelty: The machine would be compared to the conventional eraser we often use. Unfortunately, the proponents failed collect more chalk dust using the machine compared to the usual eraser that was used. While it may be proven that the customary blackboard eraser collected more chalk dust and is therefore a more convenient tool to use, the machine that was built was safer and it avoided the nuisance and the extreme contact caused by chalk dust particles. Here we use vacuum cleaner for collecting dust particles .one more thing we produce different speed variations while erase the board. III. BLOCK DESCRIPTION:

Automated system will get turned on by means of solar panel. Firstly the supply goes to the microcontroller kit overall operations of the system carryover by means of Microcontroller. Microcontroller switch on the motor. The input for the microcontroller is +5 volt thats also the input for motor(+5v). microcontroller has been programmed for the operations of the duster. If we press forward running button motor operates and rub the board in a particular direction. After that by pressing the another switch the duster moves in opposite direction. The dust particles have been collected on a separate dumping unit for recycling purpose. The dust particles arerecycled in the way of creating chalk piece on that same dust particle.

Solar Panel has been used for the purpose of giving power supply to the overall circuit. Microcontroller controller all the activities of the entire system by means of programming. DC motor drives the duster on the surface of board. Arm which helps for the activities of the duster.

Proceedings of International Academic Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, 8th Sept. 2013, Chennai, India ISBN: 978-93-82702-28-3 10

Microcontroller Based Automatic Electronic Duster

Duster which is the main part of our project which remove the particles on the board surface. The purpose of vacuum cleaner is to collect all the dust particles and sump it. Then it has been recycled for the preparation of new chalk piece which was the advanced method in this project. The another block represented is for transmitter and receiver. Both these for the distance operation of the board. Transmitter transmits the signal and receives receives the same signal and carryover the task given by the transmitter. (Erasing the board or moving duster on the board surface) Dc motors are small, inexpensive and powerful motors used widely in robotics for their small size and high energy out. A typical dc motor operates at speeds that are far too high speed to be Useful, and torque that are far too low. gear reduction is the standard method by which a motor is made useful .gears reduce the speed of motor and increases the erasing speed Block Diagram

Regulator IC units contain the circuitry for reference source, comparator amplifier, control device, and overload protection all in a single IC. Although the internal construction of the IC is somewhat different from that described for discrete voltage regulator circuits, the external operation is much the same. IC units provide regulation of either a fixed positive voltage, a fixed negative voltage, or an adjustably set voltage. A power supply can be built using a transformer connected to the ac supply line to step the ac voltage to a desired amplitude, then rectifying that ac voltage, filtering with a capacitor and RC filter, if desired, and finally regulating the dc voltage using an IC regulator. The regulators can be selected for operation with load currents from hundreds of milli amperes to tens of amperes, corresponding to power ratings from milliwatts to tens of watts.

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IV.

POWER SUPPLIES

The present chapter introduces the operation of power supply circuits built using filters, rectifiers, and then voltage regulators. Starting with an ac voltage, a steady dc voltage is obtained by rectifying the ac voltage, then filtering to a dc level, and finally, regulating to obtain a desired fixed dc voltage. The regulation is usually obtained from an IC voltage regulator unit, which takes a dc voltage and provides a somewhat lower dc voltage, which remains the same even if the input dc voltage varies, or the output load connected to the dc voltage changes. IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS Voltage regulators comprise a class of widely used ICs.

MICRO CONTROLLER A Micro controller consists of a powerful CPU tightly coupled with memory RAM, ROM or EPROM), various I / O features such as Serial ports, Parallel Ports, Timer/Counters, Interrupt Controller, Data Acquisition interfacesAnalog to Digital Converter (ADC), Digital to Analog Converter (ADC), everything integrated onto a single Silicon Chip. Any microcomputer system requires memory to store a sequence of instructions making up a program, parallel port or serial port for communicating with an

Proceedings of International Academic Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, 8th Sept. 2013, Chennai, India ISBN: 978-93-82702-28-3 11

Microcontroller Based Automatic Electronic Duster

external system, timer / counter for control purposes like generating time delays, Baud rate for the serial port, apart from the controlling unit called the Central Processing Unit.

speed of the display, while higher temperature makes the overall display discolor. When the temperature gets to be within the normal limits, the display will be normal. Polarization degradation, bubble generation or polarizer peel-off may occur with high temperature and humidity. Contact with water or oil over a long period of time may cause deformation or colour fading of the display. Condensation on the terminals can cause electro-chemical reaction disrupting the terminal circuit VII. ADDRESSING MODES: DIRECT ADDRESSING In direct addressing, the operand specified by an 8-bit address field in the instruction. Only internal data RAM and SFRs can be directly addressed. INDIRECT ADDRESSING: In Indirect addressing, the instruction specifies a register that contains the address of the operand. Both internal and external RAM can indirectly address. The address register for 8-bit addresses can be either the Stack Pointer or R0 or R1 of the selected register Bank. The address register for 16-bit addresses can be only the 16-bit data pointer register, DPTR.

V.

HARDWARE: INDEXED ADDRESSING:

Develop a uniquely decoded E strobe pulse, active high, to accompany each module transaction. Address or control lines can be assigned to drive the RS and R/W inputs. Utilize the Hosts extended timing mode, if available, when transacting with the module. Use instructions, which prolong the Read and Write or other appropriate data strobes, so as to realize the interface timing requirements. If a parallel port is used to drive the RS, R/W and E control lines, setting the E bit simultaneously with RS and R/W would violate the modules set up time. A separate instruction should be used to achieve proper interfacing timing requirements. Make sure that there is enough space behind the module, to dissipate the heat generated by the ICs while functioning for longer durations. When an electrically powered screwdriver is used to install the module, ground it properly. While cleaning by a vacuum cleaner, do not bring the sucking mouth near the module. Static electricity of the electrically powered driver or the vacuum cleaner may destroy the module. VI. ENVIRONMENTAL PRECAUTIONS: Operate the LCD module under the relative condition of 40 C and 50% relative humidity. Lower temperature can cause retardation of the blinking

Program memory can only be accessed via indexed addressing this addressing mode is intended for reading look-up tables in program memory. A 16 bit base register (Either DPTR or the Program Counter) points to the base of the table, and the accumulator is set up with the table entry number. Adding the Accumulator data to the base pointer forms the address of the table entry in program memory. Another type of indexed addressing is used in the case jump instructions. In this case the destination address of a jump instruction is computed as the sum of the base pointer and the Accumulator data. REGISTER INSTRUCTION: The register banks, which contains registers R0 through R7, can be accessed by instructions whose opcodes carry a 3-bit register specification. Instructions that access the registers this way make efficient use of code, since this mode eliminates an address byte. When the instruction is executed, one of four banks is selected at execution time by the row bank select bits in PSW. REGISTER - SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION: Some Instructions are specifiec to a certain register. For example some instruction always operates on the Accumulator, so no address byte is needed to point

Proceedings of International Academic Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, 8th Sept. 2013, Chennai, India ISBN: 978-93-82702-28-3 12

Microcontroller Based Automatic Electronic Duster

OT ir. In these cases, the op code itself points to the correct register. Instruction that regger to Accumulator as A assemble as Accumulator specific Opcodes. IMMEDIATE CONSTANTS: The value of a constant can follow the opcode in program memory For example. MOV A, #100 loads the Accumulator with the decimal number 100. The same number could be specified in hex digit as 64h. INTERRUPTS The AT89C51 provides 5 interrupt sources: Two External interrupts, two-timer interrupts and a serial port interrupts. The External Interrupts INT0 and INT1 can each either level activated or transistion activated, depending on bits IT0 and IT1 in Register TCON. The Flags that actually generate these interrupts are the IE0 and IE1 bits in TCON. When the service routine is vectored to hardware clears the flag that generated an external interrupt only if the interrupt WA transition - activated. If the interrupt was level - activated, then the external requesting source (rather than the on-chip hardware) controls the requested flag. Tf0 and Tf1 generate the Timer 0 and Timer 1 Interrupts, which are set by a rollover in their respective Timer/Counter Register (except for Timer 0 in Mode 3). When a timer interrupt is generated, the on-chip hardware clears the flag that generated it when the service routine is vectored to. The logical OR of RI and TI generate the Serial Port Interrupt. Neither of these floag is cleared by hardware when the service routine is vectored to. In fact, the service routine normally must determine whether RI or TI generated the interrupt an the bit must be cleared in software. In the Serial Port Interrupt is generated by the logical OR of RI and TI. Neither of these floag is cleared by hardware when the service toutine is vectored to. In fact, the service routine normally must determine whether RI to TI generated the interrupt and the bit must be cleared in software. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTROLLER IC REGISTERS: The controller IC has two 8 bit registers, an instruction register (IR) and a data register (DR). The IR stores the instruction codes and address information for display data RAM (DD RAM) and character generator RAM (CG RAM). The IR can be written, but not read by the MPU. The DR temporally stores data to be written to /read from the DD RAM or CG RAM. The data written to DR by the MPU, is automatically written to the DD RAM or CG RAM as an internal operation. When an address code is written to IR, the data is automatically transferred from the DD RAM or CG

RAM to the DR. data transfer between the MPU is then completed when the MPU reads the DR. likewise, for the next MPU read of the DR, data in DD RAM or CG RAM at the address is sent to the DR automatically. Similarly, for the MPU write of the DR, the next DD RAM or CG RAM address is selected for the write operation. STEPPER MOTOR Stepper motor is one of the commonly used motors for precise angular movement. The advantage of sing a stepper motor is that the angular position of the motor shaft can be controlled without any feedback mechanism. Stepper motors are widely used in Industrial and commercial applications. They are also commonly used as in drive systems of autonomous robots. This article explains the unipolar stepper motor interfacing with AT89C51 microcontroller. The microcontroller is programmed to rotate the stepper in wave drive and half drive stepping modes. For basic concepts and working of a stepper motor, refer the article on Stepper Motor s. A Unipolar Stepper Motor is rotated by energizing the stator coils in a sequence. In unipolar stepper, the direction of current in stator coils is not required to be controlled by the driving circuit. Just applying the voltage signals across the motor coils or motor leads in a sequence is sufficient to drive the motor. A two phase unipolar stepper motor has a total of six wires/leads of which four are end wires (connected to coils) and two are common wires. The color of common wires in the stepper motor used here is Green. Each common wire is connected to two end leads thus forming two phases. The end leads corresponding to each phase have to be identified.

CONCLUSION Here we conclude that this is an advsnced technique which reduce the manual operations and in future we assure that this product will become a mandatory thing in all institutions of our country.

Proceedings of International Academic Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, 8th Sept. 2013, Chennai, India ISBN: 978-93-82702-28-3 13