LTETechnicalChallengesforInBuildingCoverage Introduction

LTEtechnologypromisestobringspeedsofover100Mbpsdownlinkand50Mbpsuplinktomobileusers usingmobilebroadbandapplications.With196operatorsin75countriescurrentlyinvestinginthe technology,LTEisnowgenerallyacknowledgedtorepresentthefutureoftheindustry. Inturn,demandfordataisrunningatlevelsthatwereunimaginableevenacoupleofyearsago.Thisisdue totheemergenceofsmartphonesandotherhighenddevicesrunningmultimediaapplicationssuchas streamingvideoandmobileTV.By2015,itispredictedthattotaldatarateswillexceed6,300,000terabytes permonth. Giventhatsome50%oftotalmobiletrafficissaidtooriginateorterminatewithinbuildings,wepredicta correspondingmassiveincreaseindemandfordatafromourinbuildingnetworks. Thepurposeofthisdocumentistopresentthefiguresrelatingtothisgrowthindatademandandtoassess howwemayscaleourexistinginbuildingDASnetworkstohandlethisgrowth.Weconsideroptionssuchas deployingsmallercellstoimprovecapacityinlocalisedareas;utilisingMIMOtechnologiestoofferhigher datarates;andupgrading,allorpartofourexistingDASnetworkstoLTEtechnology.Thedocumentis structuredasfollows: Firstwehighlightthefiguresbehindthehypesurroundingthiseverincreasingdemandfordata.We lookatthenumberofdevicessuchassmartphonesandtabletPCs,bothnowandintheyearstocome, andmultimediaservicessuchasvideo,VoIP,gamingetc.Thesefigureswillhelpusbenchmarkthe requirementsoffutureinbuildingnetworkdesigners. Workingwiththesefiguresfordatademand,wemustconsidertheperformanceofbothexisting cellulartechnologies(HSPAandHSPA+)andemergingtechnologies(LTEandLTEAdvanced).Weneed toestimatehowthesetechnologieswillbeabletocopewithincreasingdemandandforhowlong. OneofthekeyfactorsinincreasingtheperformanceofwirelessnetworksistheintroductionMIMO technologies.MIMOwillplayanimportantroleinourdecisionsonfuturenetworkdesign.Asectionin thisdocumenthasbeendedicatedtoexplainingmultipleantennatechnologies. WeconsiderhowaninbuildingDASmaybedesignedtocopewiththevolumesofdatathatwillbe requiredinthecomingmonthsandyears.Inthecaseof4Gnetworks,thechallengefromtheoutset willbetoengineerthenetworkstodelivercapacity,asopposedtocoverage,whereitisneeded. FinallywelookatacoupleofpossiblesolutionsformigratingaDAStoLTEwith2x2MIMO,withone optionsimplydoublinguponexistinginfrastructureandamorenovelapproachusingCAT5/6cabling tocarrytheDASsignals.

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ThisdocumentisdesignedtohighlightthechallengesinvolvedindesigningaDAStosupportthe massivedatademandsgeneratedbytheproliferationofsmartphonesandthelike,togetherwith applicationssuchasvideostreamingandmultimediagaming.Itisnottheobjectivetoproposeany solutionsbuthopefullytostimulatediscussion.

Exponentialgrowthindataconsumption
Overtheperiodofthelastthreeyearsto2010,thevolumeofdatabeingconsumedovermobilenetworks hasalmosttripledyearonyear.In2010,accordingtoCisco,totalglobalmobiledatatrafficwasinexcessof 230petabytespermonth(1petabyte=1,000,000gigabytes).Thisisoverthreetimesgreaterthantotal globalinternetusageinthewholeoftheyear2000. Whilstthisrateofgrowthisforecasttoleveloutduring2011,Ciscohasforecastthatby2015wewillseea 26foldincreasein2010rates,withmonthlyusageof6.3exabytespermonth(1exabyte=1,000 petabytes).Pleaseseefigure1below. Moreover,AlcatelLucenthasforecasta16foldincreaseinmobiledatatrafficto2015butwarnedthatit couldgrowashighas40timestodayslevels[2].

Figure1:CiscoForecasts6.3Exabytes(6,300,000Terabytes) perMonthofMobileDataTrafficby2015 Thisdescriptionofthegrowthindatarateconsumptionincludessome newterminologyusedtodescribethevastquantitiesofdataunder discussion.Thechartoppositeshowsthevaluesofthesenewterms,suchaspetabytesandexabytesrelative tothemorerecognisablefiguressuchasgigabytes.

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Smartphones,TabletPCsandDataHungryApplications
Thegeneralpatternofacceleratinggrowthinusageofadvanceddataservicesislinkedtoastronguptake intheusageofsmartphonesandotherhighenddevicessuchasTabletPCsandmobilegamingconsoles. Smartphones,runningapplicationssuchasstreamingvideoandinteractivegamingareextremelydata hungry.In2010,thetypicalsmartphonegenerated24timesmoremobiledatatrafficthanabasicfeature cellphone.CiscoVNI Tomakemattersworse(forthenetworkdesigner)theiPhoneandtheAndroidbaseddeviceswillconsume 5to10timesasmuchdataasaregularsmartphone. Typicallyahighendsmartphonewillgeneratearound79MBpermonthcomparedwith3.3MBpermonth forabasicfeaturesetphone. Thetablebelowgivesanideaofthelevelsoftrafficgeneratedbydifferentdevicetypes.

Devicetype
Basicmobilephone Smartphone Handheldgamingconsole TabletPC Laptop

TrafficGeneratedcf.BasicMobilePhone
x1 x24 x60 x122 x515 Table1:FiguresCourtesyCiscoVNI2011

ImpactofsmartphonesfromtheMobileOperatorsperspective
FigurescollatedandreleasedbytheGlobalMobileSuppliersAssociation(GSA)showasubstantialgrowthin revenuethroughout2010whichhasbeendrivenbythesuccessofthesmartphonethroughoutEurope,the USAandAsiaPacific. VodafoneUK:2010datarevenuegrowthup30%;drivenbysmartphonesuccess VodafoneItaly:2010datarevenuegrowthup22%;smartphonesales50%oftotalhandsetsales AT&TUSA:2010datarevenuegrowthup27%;7.4milliondevicesales;4.1millioniPhonesalesin2010 PCCWAsia:>80%ofnewsubscribersaresmartphoneusers;3Gdatarevenuegrewby156%inH12010

Thisphenomenalgrowthinsmartphoneadoptionandtheexponentialincreaseindatausageisfurther borneoutbythefollowingfiguresandpredictions:
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Googlestatethat300,000Androidphonesareactivatedworldwidedaily. TheITUestimatesthattheglobalnumberofsmartphonesisexpectedtoquadruplefromtoday's(2010) estimateof200millionhandsetstoalmost1billionby2015.

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Figure2:CourtesyGlobalMobileSuppliersAssociationwww.gsacom.com

AccordingtoInformaTelecoms&Media,whilstsmartphonepenetrationcurrentlyrunsatjust13%,this accountsfor65%ofallmobilecellulartrafficworldwide.Thisusagefigureissettoincreaseexponentially overthenextfiveyearswiththeaveragetrafficpersmartphoneuserincreasingby700%by2015. Inadditiontothesuccessofthesmartphone,therearerangesofother,datahungrydevicesthathave recentlyemergedonthesceneandarebeingadoptedbytheconsumeratarate: WorldwidesalesofmediatabletssuchastheiPadwillreach19.5millionbytheendof2010andexceed 54millionin2011.Gartner. Shipmentsofmobilebroadbandenabledconsumerproducts,includingebookreaders,mobiledigital cameras,camcorders,personalmediaplayersandmobilegamingdeviceswillincrease55foldbetween 2008and2014withtotalshipmentsreaching58millionunitsperyearin2014.ABIResearch GiventhatatabletPCcangenerateaboutfivetimesasmuchdataasahighendsmartphone,thepotential datausageofacombinationofallthesedevicesisbeyondanyfigurethattheoriginalmobilenetworks weredesignedtohandle.

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PredictionsonFutureDemandforDataonInbuildingSystems
UsingthesefiguresasaguidelinewecanmodelthepotentialimpactonaninbuildingDASoftherapidly increasingdemandfordatadueto: Thelevelofpenetration(marketshare)ofsmartphonesincreasingfrom13%currentlyto50%and beyondby2015 Asevenfoldincreaseintrafficpersmartphone:CiscoVNI

Inpredictingthedemandonaninbuildingnetworkwemakethefollowingassumptions: 1. Inaninbuildingscenarioweassumethemajorityofthetrafficwillcomefrommobilephones.Wedo notincludelaptopsorotherdevices.(smartphonetraffic+basicphonetraffic=compositetraffic). 2. Therewillbenosignificantincreaseinthenumberofhandsetswithinagiveninbuildingscenarioaswe assumethebuildingpopulationwillnotchangesignificantlyovertime. 3. AlthoughtheDASforeachindividualbuildingwillexperiencedifferenttrafficchangesovertime,we canassumeapredictionforagenericscenariosuchasashoppingcentre. Tables2and3showthepredictedtrafficlevelsasdescribedaboveperdevice:

Table2:Currenttrafficlevels (MBpermonth) TrafficperMonth 3.3 79.2 Penetration% 87% 13% CompositeTraffic TrafficxPenetration 2.871 10.296 13.167

BasicPhone SmartPhone

Table3:Predictedtrafficin2015 (MBpermonth) TrafficperMonth 3.3 554.4 Penetration% 50% 50% CompositeTraffic TrafficxPenetration 1.65 277.2 278.85

BasicPhone SmartPhone

Combiningthefiguresforincreaseinpenetrationofsmartphoneswiththesevenfoldincreaseindata demandfromthesedevices,wecanseefromthetablesabovethatinbuildingtrafficperdeviceis predictedtoincreasefrom13.2to278.9MBpermonthby2015,morethanadoublingofdatayearon year.

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Indesigninganinbuildingnetworktodeliverthesevolumesofdatathereareanumberofoptions availabletous: DeployingHSPA+andLTEtechnologywithinbuildingstoprovidehighthroughput,lowlatency networks. MIMOantennasystemsareanintegralpartofLTEandHSPA+technologiesandmaybeusedto improveperformance,byimprovingthequalityoftheradiolink,and/orincreasingdatathroughput, undergivenconditions. Smallcellarchitecturescanbeusedtoincreasethecapacityofanetworkbydeliveringthedatalocally toasmallernumberofusers.

Theseoptionswillbediscussedinthefollowingsections.

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ComparativePerformanceofCellularTechnologies:HSPA,HSPA+andLTE
Asthedemandfordataincreaseswemustconsiderthetechnologiesbeingused(withintheinbuilding system).Althoughtherearemorecriteriathanjustdataratestoconsiderwhendecidingonacellular technology,itisoneofthemostimportantandwethereforepresentacomparisonofHSPA,HSPA+andLTE datarates. HSPAandHSPA+arewellestablishedtechnologies,withhundredsofnetworksdeployedglobally.LTE rolloutsbeganlate2010andinbuildingLTEisstillintheearlystages.LTEAdvancedisstillindevelopment. (Performancefiguresquotedinthissectionare,inthelargepart,peakdatarates,fromwhichwecan calculatethroughputratesfromonsiteexperience.Throughputfiguresarequotedwhereavailable.)

HSPAhasbeenlaunchedbyover99%ofWCDMAoperatorsglobally:
35%ofHSPAnetworks 30%ofHSPAnetworks 8%ofHSPAnetworks supportupto3.6MbpspeakDL supportupto7.2MbpspeakDL supportupto14.4MbpspeakDL

HSPA+hasbeendeployedinstages,asthetechnologyhasevolved.
TheevolutionofHSPA+technologiescanbeseenfromthedatabelow. HSPA+using64QAM, supportsupto21MbpspeakDL HSPA+using16QAMwith2x2MIMO supportsupto28MbpspeakDL HSPA+using64QAMand2x5Mhzcarrier supportsupto42MbpspeakDL HSPA+using16QAM supportsupto11.5MbpspeakUL HSPA+usingmulticarrierontheuplink supportsupto23MbpspeakUL FurtherdevelopmentofHSPAtechnologieswithinRelease9and10aimsatthefollowingdownlinkrates: Rel9HSPA+combinesmulticarrierandMIMOin10MHzbandwidthfor84Mbpspeakdownlink HSPA+beyondRelease9shouldleadtopeakdownlinkdataspeedsexceeding100Mbps

LTEtechnologywasfirstrolledoutin2010.Inbuildingthroughputfiguresarescarceatthistime. Thenumberofcommercialnetworkslaunchedtodateisstillquitelowandactualthroughputfiguresare hardtocomeby.ThepeakdataratesforLTEareasfollows: Peakdownlinkspeeds(64QAM) supportsupto100Mbps(SISO) supportsupto172Mbps(2x2MIMO) supportsupto326Mbps(4x4MIMO) supportsupto50Mbps(QPSK) supportsupto57Mbps(16QAM) supportsupto86Mbps(64QAM)
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Peakuplinkspeeds

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Table2:ComparisonofPeakDataRates:ThroughputFiguresShownWhereAvailable. DatacourtesyHSPAtoLTEAdvancedRysavyResearchwww.3gamericas.org MIMOtechnologyisdiscussedindetailinthenextsection.

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MIMOTechnologies
ThispaperisaddressesthechallengesofrollingoutinbuildingLTEnetworks.MIMOtechnologyisa fundamentalpartofLTE,impactingtheamountofworkandthecostsinvolvedinarolloutmorethanany othersingleitem.WehavethereforeprovidedadescriptionofMIMOconcepts,terminologyandmodesof operationastheyrelatetoLTE. MIMOisconsideredessentialforLTE,tomaximizesystemcapacityandprovidehighdatarates.Both2x2 and4x4designsarebeingconsideredalthoughonly2x2configurationsarebeingdeployedatthistime.[5] LTEsystemsspecifythreetypesofantennatechniques;Diversity,BeamformingandMIMO

Transmit SISO

Receive

MISO Transmitdiversity

SIMO Receivediversity

MIMO
Fig3:TypicalConfigurationsforMultipleAntennaSystems

AntennadiversitycanincludetransmitdiversityorMultipleInSingleOut(MISO)andreceivediversityor SingleInMultipleOut(SIMO)configurations: MISO(transmitdiversity),usestwoormoretransmitantennasandasinglereceiveantenna.Thesame dataissentfrombothtransmittingantennassimultaneously,butcodedinsuchawaythatthereceiver canidentifythedatafromeachtransmittingantenna.Thistechniquecanmakethesignalmore resistanttofadingandisusedtoimproveperformanceinpoorcoverageareas.

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SIMO(receivediversity)usesonetransmitantennaandtwoormorereceiveantennas.Onlyonedata streamistransmittedacrossthepathandspatialdiversityatthereceiveendcanbeusedtoimprove SNRunderpoorchannelconditions.

TransmitBeamformingisatechniquewherebymultipledatastreamsaretransmittedovermultiple transmitantennas,andwiththehelpoffeedbackfromthereceiver(ChannelQualityInformationCQI),the relativephaseofthetransmittedsignalscanbeadjustedsuchthattheywillcombineconstructivelyatthe receivertofocustheRFbeamonthatdevice.TransmitBeamformingcanbeusedtoimprovesignal receptionandincreasetherangetoaparticularreceivingdevice. MIMO(MultipleInMultipleOut)makesuseoftwoormoretransmitantennasandtwoormorereceive antennas.DependingonthewayMIMOisimplemented,multipleantennaconfigurationscanbeusedto generatehigherthroughput(spatialmultiplexing)ortoprovideamorereliablelink(diversitytechniques). Spatialmultiplexingisusedtoincreaselinkcapacity.Theinformationtobetransmittedisdividedinto independentdatastreamsandeachstreamissentsimultaneouslyfromaseparateantenna(multiple spatialstreams).IfwehaveNtransmitantennasthenwemustalsohaveNreceiveantennas.Ifthe resultantdatastreamsaresufficientlyuncorrelatedtobedistinguishablefromoneanother,thenthe totalthroughputofthelinkwillbeNtimesthesingledatastream. Spatialdiversitycanbeusedtoincreasetherangeand/orreliabilityofalink.Thesamedatais transmittedsimultaneouslyovermultipleindependentfadingsignalpathsandbymakinguseofthelow probabilityofthesesignalpathsexperiencingdeepfadesatthesametime,theincomingsignalscanbe combinedtoincreaseSNR,henceimprovinglinkreliabilityandrange.Foreffectivediversity,the antennasattheboththetransmitterandthereceivermustbeplacedwavelengthapart.

SingleUserMIMO(SUMIMO)iscommonlyusedinLTEsystemstoincreasethedataratetooneuserin goodradioconditions.ThemostcommondownlinkconfigurationforLTEis2x2SUMIMOusingspatial multiplexing.(seeFig4). MultiUserMIMO(MUMIMO).Considertwodatastreams,eachstreamoriginatingfromadifferentuser device(seeFig4).MUMIMOreliesonthefactthatthespatialseparationbetweentheuserdevicesis sufficientthattheinformationarrivingatthereceiveantennaswillhaveuncorrelatedpaths.Thismaximises thepotentialcapacitygainatthereceiver(theeNodeviaDASantenna). OneofthedesignmotivationsoftheLTEstandardistokeeptheterminalormobiledevicecostlow. Thereforeinordertominimiseactualtransmitantennasonthemobiledevice,multipleuserMIMO(MU MIMO)isbeingconsideredasanattractiveoption.

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DASAntennas

SingleUserMIMO (LTEconfiguration 2x2SUMIMOusingSpatialMultiplexing)

MultiUserMIMO

Fig4:SUMIMOandMUMIMOconfiguration Tosummarisetheabove,MIMOisamethodofusingmorethanoneantennaatthetransmitterand receivertoimprovecommunicationsperformance.MIMOhasthepotentialeithertoincreasethecapacity ofnetworksortoenlargetheareaofagivencellwithouttheneedforadditionalspectrum.

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CorrelationinMIMOChannels
ForMIMOtobeeffectiveinachievingitsobjectivesofincreasedrangeandcapacity,theenvironmentin whichitisdeployedmustprovidesufficientmultipath(reflectedwaves).Thisisreferredtoasnonlineof sight(NLOS)transmissionwhichtypicallyoccursinanindoorenvironment. Inthissocalledrichscatteringenvironment,thetransmittedsignalsbounceoffobjectssuchaswalls,such thattheyarereceivedwithdistinctlydifferentprofilesatthereceiveantennas;i.e.thesignalsareeasily distinguishablefromoneanother.Inmathematicalterms,thesignalsaredecorrelatedatthereceiver. Conversely,inanenvironmentwithpurelylineofsightLOScharacteristics.thereisonepredominantsignal arrivingatthereceiver.TheadvantagesofMIMOcannotbeaseasilyrealisedasthesignalsarenolonger decorrelated.Furtherdescriptionisbeyondthescopeofthisdocument;howevermoredetailisavailable onrequestfromCAM. MIMOisacrucialtechnologyforimprovinginbuildingcellularcoverage.Inarichscatteringenvironment withahighsignaltonoiseratio,aMIMOsystemcandeliverbetween70%to100%throughputandcapacity gainsoverasingleinputsingleoutput(SISO)deployment.Therichscatteringenvironmentdescribesmost inbuildingenvironmentsandinbuildingdistributedantennasystems(DASs)canprovidehighsignal quality.(ADCJune2010) AchallengeforradioplannersisleveragingthemaximumperformancefromMIMOsystems,thiswill requireinbuildingsystemsdesignedtoprovideasufficientlymultipathrichenvironmentwhilestill achievingahighsignaltonoiseratio.

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ChallengesforInbuildingSolutions
Thusfarinthisdocumentwehavehighlightedthesoaringincreasesindataconsumptionmainlydueto smartphonesusingdatahungrymultimediaapplications.Predictionsfordataconsumptiongoingforward showmorethanadoublingoftrafficyearonyearfrom2011to2015. Thisraisesthequestion:howlongcantheexisting2G/3GinbuildingDASscopewiththedatademands uponthemandwhatwouldbeanappropriateupgradepathtothenextgenerationofnetworks? HowlongcananexistingDASsupporttheincreasingtraffic? InordertoestimatehowlonganexistingDAScansupporttheincreasingtrafficlevelswemustmakea coupleofassumptions: Forsitesthatcansplitintosmallercellsthecapacityofthesitemaybedoubledforadoublingofcells. NetworksupportforhigherHSPA+withoutMIMOwillalsoliftcapacitybyafactoroftwo

AseachofthesechangesdoublescapacityofthesitewecanseethattheexistingDASwillbeableto supporttrafficgrowthforanothercoupleofyearswithinanyparticularbuildingbeforeMIMObecomes necessary. AddedtothisisthefactthatneitherMIMOnorSmallCelltopologieswillbeaddedasanetworkwide upgrade,butwillbedeployedinlocalisedareasonly.Thenetworkupgradescanbeperformedgradually overtime,spreadingboththecostsandtherisksaswelearnfromeachstageofanupgrade. WhatOptionsareAvailableforUpgradinganExistingInbuildingDAS? Reducingcellsizebysectorisationorusingsmallcells.Largebuildingscanbedividedintosmaller cells(orsectors),reducingthenumberofuserspercell(orsector),therebyincreasingcapacity.The disadvantagesarethattherearephysicallimitationstohowsmallcellscanbemade;smallercellsmay meanmorecellswhichinturnrequiremoreNodeBs,whichrequiremorespaceandmorepower.Re cablingofthesystemeachtimeasmallcellisaddedcanbeexpensive. IncreasingdatarateswithMIMO.Thishastheadvantagethatcapacitycanbeincreasedwithoutusing morespectrum.Thisoptioncouldproveexpensiveifcablinghadtobedoubledup;however,thereare optionsavailableforrunningmultipleantennasoveronecable,oroveranEthernetlink. DeployingLTEtospecificareaswithinthebuilding.ThisisundoubtedlythewayLTEwillbedeployed forthereasonsgivenearlieri.e.capacityisonlydeliveredwhereitisneeded.AnyupgradetoLTE technologywillfollowthisupgradepathforreasonsofcostandefficiency.TheadvantagesofMIMO arethatcapacitycanbeincreasedwithoutusingadditionalspectrum.Themaindisadvantageas mentionedaboveisdoublinguponcablingtothemultipleantennas.

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WhatOptionsareAvailableforDeployingaNewInbuildingDAS? ItisafactthatGSM/UMTSwillcomprisetheoverwhelmingmajorityofsubscribersoverthenextfivetoten years,evenasnewwirelesstechnologiesareadopted.Therefore,eveninthelightoflargeincreasesindata demand,anewDASdeploymentwouldmostlikelystillbebasedonabuildingwide2G/3Gnetworkwith smallerareasofhighcapacityLTEnetworks,onlywherethedatademandisrequired.TheLTEsectionsof thenetworkwouldbesimilartotheupgradeoptionsgivenintheprevioussection. EstimatedcostsfromCAM,foranewDASinstallationcomprisingmaterialsdescribedbelow,areasfollows: 20antennas 700mcoaxialcable 10splitters 10couplers Costs: 1.2G/3G/4GSISOSystem: 22,000todesignandinstall 2.2G/3G/4G2x2MIMOSystem: 32,000todesignandinstall 3.2G/3G/4G4x4MIMOSystem: 46,000todesignandinstall Figuresarebasedonthefactthatthematerialsaredoubledineachcasebutthelabourrequiredforeach installationdoesnotdouble.Asapercentage,a2x2systemwouldbe45%moreexpensivetoinstallanda 4x4system109%moreexpensive. ThesecostshoweverwouldonlybeapplicableifweweretodeployMIMOoveranequivalentareatothe SISOinstallation.Aswehaveseeninthisdocument,thisrolloutscenariomaynotbethemostsuitable,or themostcosteffective. Todeliverpoolsofhighcapacity,usingMIMO,onlywhereitisneededwouldprobablycostmorefromthe pointofviewofplanningandsitesurveysbutwillultimatelybecheaperthandeployingMIMOthroughout thebuilding.Thisissueisopentodiscussion.

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ANovelApproachtoDeployingInbuildingLTECoverage:(CellularoverLAN)
InprevioussectionswehavediscussedtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdeployingMIMOtechnologies forinbuildingnetworks.Oneofthemaindisadvantagesisthecostofrunningmultiplecablestothe multipleantennasinaMIMOsystem.Thereareafewoptionswherebymultipleantennascanbefedfrom asinglefeeder.OneoptioninvolvesfeedingtheantennasviatheexistingCAT5/6cablingwithinthe building. Thissolution,calledMobileAccessVEisdesignedtodeliverinbuildingLTEcellularservicesoveranexisting CAT5/6LANinfrastructure,whilemaintainingfullEthernetandwirelessLANcapabilities.Thevendor claimsthefollowingperformancefiguresandfacilities: ResultsfromanactualMobileAccessVEinstallationgivethroughputfiguresforanindoorLTEdeployment: 70dBmcoveragewastestedin90%ofthebuilding,followingMobileAccessVEdeployment EachVEPodcovered10,000squarefeet. Spatialmultiplexed2x2MIMOand64QAMwasverifiedusingtheLTELGUSBdongle ThemeasureddatathroughputatMIMOconfigurationwas: 15MbpsforUL(uplink)dataspeed 40MbpsforDL(downlink)dataspeed SISOperformanceequivalentsofferlessthan35%ofMIMOthroughput(15MbpsUL,25MbpsDL) (http://www.mobileaccess.com) Extendscarriergrade,5barcoveragefor2G,3G,4GserviceswithMIMO Reducesinstallationtimebyhalf,ascomparedwithconventionalsolutions transparentlycoexistsalongsidetheLANwithoutimpactingLANperformance SupportsconnectivitytoanytypeofoperatorRFcapacitysource Offersproactiveendtoendnetworkmonitoring Plugandplaydesignscalescosteffectively,allowingcustomerstochoosewherenewservicesare activated

ThissolutionprovidesanadvantageinitsquickandeasyinstallationtimesandMIMOsupportat4G, withoutimpactingontheexistingLANperformance.MobileAccessVEisalsothefirstcellularsolution validatedwiththeCiscoUnifiedWirelessNetwork.MoredetailisavailableonrequestfromCAM.

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LTEFemtocells
AFemtocellisasmallbasestation,designedtobedeployedwithinhomeorsmallbusinesspremisesto provideenhancedcoverage.Thecoverageandcapacitymadeavailablebyusingthesmallcellapproach withinbuildingsiswellsuitedtoLTEdeployment. LTEFemtocellsaresupportedwithin3GPPasearlyasRelease8(2008)andareidentifiedasHomeeNode Bs(HeNB).However,unlikethe3GFemtocell,thereiscurrentlynodefinedarchitecturalstandardinplace. ThelevelofinterestfromoperatorsisdrivingtheFemtocellecosystemforwardatapace.Enterprise Femtocellsthatcouldprovidecoverageinlargebuildingsarenowinthepipeline,supportingfemtofemto handovers. CellularAssetManagementwillbehappytodiscussthepotentialofFemtocellsuponrequest.

Conclusions
Thepurposeofthisdocumenthasbeentopromotediscussiononthebestwaytoservethesoaringlevels ofdatademandexpectedoverthenextfewyears,usinganinbuildingDASsystemandnewtechnologies suchasLTE.Themainpointsare: Smartphonedevicesareexpectedtomorethandoublethetrafficdemandedofinbuilding systemsyearonyearfrom2010to2015. ToupgradeanexistinginbuildingDASfortheincreaseindatatherearetwomainoptions: reducethesizeofeachcellandincreasethedataratessupportedbytheDAS. TosupportthedataratesofHSPA+andLTEtheinbuildingsystemswillneedtobeupgraded forMIMOantennatechnology. FemtocelltechnologyforLTEcouldprovidesmallcellcapacitysolutions,althoughitisstillin development. AlternativedistributionsystemssuchasMobileAccessVEcouldprovideaquickandsimpler upgradepathwithextracapacitybeingaddedtoareasasthetrafficincreases.

Doweupgradenow?Inthenexttwoyears?Morelikelywewillseenetworksupgradegradually,providing extracapacityonlyinlocalisedareaswhereitisrequiredandleavingthe2G/3GDASinstallationstohandle thewiderareacoverage.

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References

1. 2. 3. CiscoVisualNetworkingIndex:GlobalMobileData:TrafficForecastUpdate,20102015.www.cisco.com MobileBroadbandGrowthReport:PublishedbytheGlobalmobileSuppliersAssociation(GSA)www.gsacom.comFeb2011 TheIETEngineeringandTechnologyMagazine:Article:Willmobilenetworksbereadyforthe4Gdatadeluge? http://eandt.theiet.org/magazine/pastissues/index.cfm OfcomTheCommunicationsMarket2010(August) http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/cmr/753567/CMR_2010_FINAL.pdf AgilentTechnologies.http://www.home.agilent.com/agilent/application.jspx?nid=34563.0.00&lc=eng&cc=GBLTE implementationofMIMO

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HSPAtoLTEAdvanced,RysavyResearchSept2009http://www.4gamericas.org/ NECShowsHowSmallCellLTEDeploymentisSmarterWaytoSustainableFuture:MobileBroadbandMobileWorld CongressFeb2011http://www.nec.com/

7.

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