SN XUT RU VANG

1.

Lch s v cng ngh sn xut ru vang (RV)

Ging nho dng trong sn xut RV phn ln c ngun gc t chu u (Vitis vinifera)

Vitis vinifera
CNG NGH LN MEN 2

Vi vang trng , nho c nghin v dch c tch khi v trc khi LM. Vang c LM cng v. Cht mu (anthocyanin) v 1 s cht khc t v qu c chit tch trong qu trnh LM v to ra mu cng hng v c trng ca V.
CNG NGH LN MEN 3

 Vang hng c mu hng nht c lm t nho theo cng ngh LM ru vang trng (khng LM cng v). Lng cht mu c chit ra trong qu trnh p qu ch lm hng ru, tc l t hn nhiu so vi khi LM cng v

CNG NGH LN MEN

Loi cung v p

VANG Loi b v, cung Ln men

Tng tr

Loi cn

ng chai

Loi cung v nghin p

VANG TRNG Tch v v cung Ln men Tng tr

Loi cn

ng chai

Su cng on chnh trong sn xut RV v nhng thit b

CNG NGH LN MEN

tng ng

SO2 B

VANG TRNG NHO LOI CUNG V P NGM V LNG (TY CHN) P LN MEN DCH

VANG NHO LOI CUNG V P

SO2 NM MEN

NGM DCH V V LN MEN DCH V V P

NM MEN

CHUYN SANG THNG LN MEN MALOLACTIC (NU CN THIT) TNG TR (TRONG THNG SI NU CN) N NH - LM TRONG LC

S CNG NGH LN MEN RU VANG

NG CHAI THNH PHM

6

CNG NGH LN MEN

S quy trnh sn xut ru vang trng

S quy trnh sn xut ru vang

CNG NGH LN MEN

CNG NGH LN MEN

S CNG NGH
8 7

MT VI VN NHO TI PHP

CNG NGH LN MEN

10

Thu hoch nho

CNG NGH LN MEN 11

Nghin nho (Crush)

Dng chn

CNG NGH LN MEN

12

Nghin nho (Crush)

CNG NGH LN MEN

13

Nghin nho (Crush)

Dng my nghin (crusher)

CNG NGH LN MEN

14

Mt bng ti dn tri nho gip phn loi / loi b nhng thnh phn khng mong mun. Nho c phn loi ri xung mt dy ai v phn phi ti my loi cung (destemmer).
CNG NGH LN MEN 15

Nho sau khi nghin

CNG NGH LN MEN

16

NHO CHUN B

CNG NGH LN MEN

17

Ln men
Thng ln men bng thp khng g (inox) c gn thit b iu chnh nhit thch hp

CNG NGH LN MEN

18

Thng ln men bng g si

Tuy mt thi gian lu hn (khong 6 tun) nhng gp phn to nn hng v v gi tr ca ru vang.

CNG NGH LN MEN

19

Dch nho ang ln men

CNG NGH LN MEN

20

CNG NGH LN MEN

21

Mt thng p Marzola dung lng 5 tn t thun tin trong mt gc ca phng ln men. Mt

22

p (press)

Thit b p c tay quay vn hnh

CNG NGH LN MEN 23

CNG NGH LN MEN

24

My p

Thit b dng p nho c th lm bng g hay thp khng g, c th c 1 hay 2 tay quay
CNG NGH LN MEN 25

My p hin i s dng cc ti c th bm hi v x hi nhiu ln, mi ln vy n p nh nho dch chit c th chy xung khay pha di

CNG NGH LN MEN

26

Lc (Clarification)
=> Loi b cn b ru

CNG NGH LN MEN

27

n nh ru (Stabilization)
=> Loi b protein d tha v tinh th kali

tartrate kt ta lm c ru. - Phng php truyn thng: lm lnh hay s dng cht ph gia. Ngy nay c nhiu thit b hin i, khc phc cc hn ch ca phng php truyn thng.

CNG NGH LN MEN

28

Phng php ED

H thng ED n nh ru vang bng phng php thm tch in

CNG NGH LN MEN 29

Lm chn ru (aging)

CNG NGH LN MEN

30

ng chai (Bottling)

CNG NGH LN MEN

32

Nt bn s dng trong ng chai

CNG NGH LN MEN

33

Thnh phm

CNG NGH LN MEN

34

Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng ru vang 1> Kh hu: nh hng lng nc, hm lng cc cht. 2> t : cung cp dinh dng cho cy. 3> Ging cy nho 4> Tht qu (ng, acid, nc) 5> Ht nho: gy v ng 6> Cung qu 7> V (mu sc, tannin, mi thm) 8> Cn trng, bnh l
CNG NGH LN MEN 35

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV)

VSV lin quan n sn xut RV c th c chia lm 2 dng: 9 Dng ni sinh: t qu nho, b mt thit b. 9 Dng a vo: cc chng ging khi ng phc v LM.

CNG NGH LN MEN

36

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV)

Nhng VSV chnh c trong hay trn b mt qu nho: Nm men: ch yu l Kloeckera/Hanseniaspora, mt lng t Candida, Metchnikowia, Cryptococcus, Pichia, Kluyveromyces v mt lng nh Saccharomyces cerevisiae Vi khun Lactic: Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus. Vi khun sinh Acid acetic: Gluconobacter, Acetobacter. Nm mc: Botrytis, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus, Alternaria, Ucinula v Cladosporium.
CNG NGH LN MEN

37

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV)

C nm men v vi khun u c th ng vai tr tiu cc v tch cc trong sn xut. LM truyn thng: ch s dng nhm VSV ni sinh, v quan trng hn l nhm VSV trn b mt thit b (ch cht l Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

CNG NGH LN MEN

38

Cc nhm nm men hot ng ln men trong sn xut ru vang

CNG NGH LN MEN 39

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV)

C 2 qu trnh ln men c bn xy ra hu ht cc loi ru vang : ln men s cp (primary fermentation) ln men th cp (secondary fermentation) V mt s cc qu trnh ln men khc.
CNG NGH LN MEN 40

Ln men s cp (primary fermentation)

Chuyn ho hai loi ng chnh c trong nho (glucose v fructose) thnh ru ethylic (ethanol) theo con ng Embden- MeyerhofParnas.

CNG NGH LN MEN

41

Ln men s cp (primary fermentation)

Trong gian on u ca qu trnh LM, nhm nm men khc vi Saccharomyces ng vai tr ch o (Kloeckera, Hansenniaspora, Candida, Metschnikowia).

CNG NGH LN MEN

42

Ln men s cp (primary fermentation)

Nhm ny kh mn cm vi ethanol v gim dn s lng (cht) sau 4 ngy LM khi nng cn t khong 5%. Trong giai on tip theo, qu trnh LM c thc hin ch yu bi cc chng ru S. cerevisiae c th chng chu c nng cn cao (ti khong 15%).
CNG NGH LN MEN 43

VAI TR CA NM MEN
Trong iu kin k kh, nm men loi CO2 khi pyruvate trong phn ng xc tc bi enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase to ra acetaldehyde v CO2 . Acetaldehyde c kh thnh ethanol di tc ng ca enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase v NADH.

CNG NGH LN MEN

44

VAI TR CA NM MEN
Qu trnh chuyn ha glucose thnh ethanol bi S. cerevisiae c th c din gii trong phng trnh sau:
C6H12O6 + 2Pi + 2ADP + 2H+ 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 +2ATP

CNG NGH LN MEN

45

CO2
To thnh trong qu trnh ln men dch qu c th c quan st l nhng bt bng ni trn b mt dch cht.
CNG NGH LN MEN 46

Ln men th cp (secondary fermentation)

Acid malic trong nho c chuyn ho thnh acid lactic => ln men malolactic. Thc hin ch yu da vo vi khun lactic.

CNG NGH LN MEN

47

Ln men th cp (secondary fermentation)

Acid lactic yu hn acid malic => lm gim tnh acid ni chung ca ru vang. Mt vi sn phm ph cng c to ra => gp phn tch cc vo tnh phc tp ca ru vang.

CNG NGH LN MEN

48

Cc qu trnh ln men khc

VK ln men glycerol trong ru acid lactic + acid acetic. VK bin i ng nho t nhin acid lactic + acid acetic. VK bin i acid tartaric trong ru acid lactic + acid acetic + kh CO2 VK gim bin i ru acid acetic nc + kh CO2 => lm gim i cht lng ru vang. => bo m qu trnh ln men s cp v th cp din ra c kim sot v ng n. ru vang cn c nh gi, ngi v nm thng xuyn
CNG NGH LN MEN 49

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV)

Ngoi ethanol v CO2 , cn 1 sn phm quan trng na ca qu trnh LM l glycerol. Nng glycerol trong RV c th thay i trong khong t 2-10 g/l, ty thuc vo chng loi nm men v iu kin LM. Glycerol c to ra trong phn ng sau:

CNG NGH LN MEN

50

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV) VAI TR CA NM MEN

NADH H Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) Glycerol 3-phosphate

NAD

DHAP reductase Pi Glycerol

Glycerol phosphatase
CNG NGH LN MEN 51

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV)

Mc d, glycolysis l qu trnh c bn trong ng ha ngun cacbon, 1 s chu trnh khc cng xy ra trong qu trnh LM dch nho:
con ng pentose phosphate chu trnh acid citric -> acid succinic (0,5g/l).

CNG NGH LN MEN

52

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV)

Cc qu trnh ny to ra: Cn bc cao Ester Acid hu c Aldehyde v ketone Hp cht cha Lu hunh => Tng th tc dng ca nhng cht ny to nn hng v ca RV.
CNG NGH LN MEN 53

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV)

Nng tng i ca nhng thnh phn k trn ph thuc vo chng ging nm men s dng v iu kin LM, c bit l nhit . LM vang trng : 10-18oC trong vng 7-14 ngy hay di hn . LM vang : 20-30oC trong vng khong 7 ngy .

CNG NGH LN MEN

54

Mt s hp cht cha S trong ru vang

CNG NGH LN MEN

55

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV) GING KHI NG

Chng Saccharomyces cerevisiae c la chn k lng lm ging khi ng thay v da vo h VSV t nhin. Ging khi ng cn c nhng c tnh sau: 9 Di truyn: ng hnh nh bi (thng l a bi) 9 Pht trin: pha khi ng ngn hay khng c; c tnh killer; chu SO2

CNG NGH LN MEN

56

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV) GING KHI NG

9 Trao i cht: LM nhanh v n nh; hiu sut chuyn ha ng thnh ethanol cao 9 Hng v: nng acid bay hi hp l; thnh phn hng v ph hp (esters, terpens, acid succinic, glycerol); acetaldehyde thp; thnh phn cc hp cht cha S cn i. 9 c im khc: bi tit urea ngoi bo thp (nhm hn ch kh nng sinh hp cht ethyl carbamate c kh nng gy ung th)
CNG NGH LN MEN 57

Mt vi ging khi ng

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces bayanus
58

CNG NGH LN MEN

T bo nm men dng ng kh (bn tri) v cc cht dinh dng cn cho kch thch t bo nm men pht trin.
CNG NGH LN MEN 59

Brettanomyces cn c bit n l "Brett", l mt chng nm men c tm thy trong ru vang Burgundy.

CNG NGH LN MEN 60

Cc hng nghin cu trn ging khi ng

CNG NGH LN MEN 61

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV) VI SINH VT GY THI HNG

Sinh trng, pht trin v sn phm trao i cht ca 1 s VSV trong qu trnh LM, hay tng tr c th lm hng, hay nh hng xu ti cht lng RV. Nhiu cng on trong sn xut cng nh bn thn nguyn liu c th b e da bi VSV gy thi hng.

CNG NGH LN MEN

62

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV) VI SINH VT GY THI HNG

m bo v sinh trong qu trnh sn xut l 1 yu t quan trng nhm trnh VSV tp nhim v kim sot cht lng. Ngoi ra, ngi ta cn s dng cc k thut nh loi tr O2 v b sung SO2 nhm hn ch tc ng khng tt ca VSV gy hng vang.

CNG NGH LN MEN

63

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV) VI SINH VT GY THI HNG

Sulphur dioxide (b sung dng metabisulphite kali, natri hoc kh SO2) c hot tnh khng khun chng oxy ha c s dng hng trm nm trong vic bo qun RV chng li s pht trin ca VSV khng mong mun.

CNG NGH LN MEN

64

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV) VI SINH VT GY THI HNG

Sulphur dioxide c b sung 1 nng nht nh c th c ch vi khun lactic gy hng v nhm nm men c hi, nhng khng nh hng n vi khun LM malolactic v nm men RV (S. cerevisiae). Hot lc dit khun ca Sulphur dioxide th hin bi kh nng c ch enzyme, tng tc vi coenzyme, protein, acid nucleic, kh nng phn hy vitamin (v d nh thiamin), v lm gim thiu ATP ni bo.
CNG NGH LN MEN 65

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV) VI SINH VT GY THI HNG

y l cht dit khun c s dng rng ri tt c cc quc gia sn xut RV vi nng cho php tng i khc nhau, trong khong vi trm mg/l. Tuy nhin vi nhng ngi mc bnh hen, sulphur dioxide c th gy d ng t mc nh ti d ng cp.

CNG NGH LN MEN

66

2.

Vi sinh trong sn xut Ru vang (RV) VI SINH VT GY THI HNG

Sulphur dioxide cng nh hng n da, h h hp v ng tiu ha. Chnh v vy, hin nay 1 s nh sn xut RV ch dng sulphur dioxide nng rt thp v nhng nghin cu tm hiu cht dit khun, cht chng oxy ha, cht gi hng thay th cho SO2 ang c tin hnh tch cc.

CNG NGH LN MEN

67

CNG NGH LN MEN

68

Phn tham kho

CNG NGH LN MEN

69

1.

Phn loi Ru vang (RV)

RV c phn loi da trn nhiu phng php khc nhau : Chng loi nho Ngun gc a l Mu sc Nh sn xut Cng ngh sn xut
CNG NGH LN MEN 70

1.

Phn loi Ru vang (RV)

C 3 nhm RV:
Vang bn n (table wine) Vang c ga (sparkling wine) Vang b sung (fortified wine)

CNG NGH LN MEN

71

1.

Phn loi Ru vang (RV) VANG BN N

Vang bn n (table wine) : l dng RV ph bin nht v c th c sn xut bng nhiu phng php khc nhau. Cha khong 10-14% cn. Vang c LM cho n khi ton b lng ng chuyn thnh cn (trng thi kh, kit ng, dry)

CNG NGH LN MEN

72

1.

Phn loi Ru vang (RV) VANG BN N

Vang hi ngt (off-dry) c sn xut bng cch dng qu trnh LM trc khi ton b lng ng b chuyn ha thnh cn, hoc thng qua vic b sung dch nho vo vang sau LM.

CNG NGH LN MEN

73

MT S THNG S GHI TRN NHN VANG BN N CA PHP

TN RU NM SN XUT TH TCH

12.5 %

H THNG PHN LOI NNG CN NC SN XUT

CNG NGH LN MEN

74

CNG NGH LN MEN

75

1.

Phn loi Ru vang (RV) VANG C GA

Vang c ga c sn xut t vang bn n nhng c LM ln 2 to ga. LM ln 2, ngi ta b sung ng v nm men vo vang LM ln 1 (dry wine).

CNG NGH LN MEN

76

LM ln 2 c th c thc hin trong thng kn hoc ngay trong chai nh trng hp sn xut champagne, loi vang c ga ni ting nht nc Php.

CNG NGH LN MEN

77

1.

Phn loi Ru vang (RV) VANG C GA

Kh Cacbonic sinh ra trong qu trnh LM ng b sung c gi li trong chai trng thi bo ha. Khi rt vang c ga vo ly, kh Cacbonic thot ra v to bt trn b mt.

CO2
CNG NGH LN MEN 78

1.

Phn loi Ru vang (RV) VANG B SUNG

L loi vang m trong qu trnh sn xut c cho thm cn t bn ngoi. Loi vang ny thng c s dng liu lng nh trc (Aperitifs) hoc sau (Dessert wines) ba n. Hai loi vang ph bin thuc nhm vang b sung l port v sherry.

CNG NGH LN MEN

79

1.

Phn loi Ru vang (RV) VANG B SUNG

Trong cng ngh sn xut port vn c ngun gc t B o Nha, nho c p v LM, sau qu trnh LM c dng li bng vic b sung cn. Lng cn b sung s dit nm men. Sn phm c v ngt vi nng cn cao hn so vi vang bn n t 5-10%.

CNG NGH LN MEN

80

1.

Phn loi Ru vang (RV) VANG B SUNG

Vi vang sherry c ngun gc t Ty Ban Nha, cn c b sung vo dch LM kit ng trong cc thng g si. Trong qu trnh LM, 1 loi nm men c bit (flor yeast) pht trin trn b mt dch v to hng (hazelnut, Corylus spp.) c trng cho sherry.
CNG NGH LN MEN 81

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) BO QUN RU VANG

Nu bo qun ng cch, RV c th c tng tr trong nhiu nm m khng b hng hay mt phm cht. Yu t quan trng nht l hn ch tip xc vi khng kh.

CNG NGH LN MEN

82

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) BO QUN RU VANG

S c mt ca Oxy trong khng kh c th khin VSV pht trin trn b mt v to nhng hng v khng mong mun, v d nh to v chua ca dm. Oxy cng khin RV mt mi v mt mu. Nhm trnh nhng bin i khng mong mun k trn, kh nng tip xc ca vang vi khng kh cn c hn ch ti a.
CNG NGH LN MEN 83

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) BO QUN RU VANG

Thng thng, chai RV c bo qun trng thi nm ngang nhm m bo tip xc trc tip gia RV v nt. Hn ch nt b kh va kh nng thm thu ca khng kh qua cc khe h tao ra trn nt kh nt.

CNG NGH LN MEN

84

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) BO QUN RU VANG

Vang ng chai c th bo qun hng chc nm trong hm cha nhit thp (khong 160C).

KHO RU VANG
CNG NGH LN MEN 85

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) BO QUN RU VANG

Trong thi gian ny, vang c th tip tc to cn dng kt ta hay dng tinh th. Phn kt lng khng c hi v s c mt ca chng khng c ngha l vang b hng hay phng php bo qun khng hp l.

CNG NGH LN MEN

86

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) BO QUN RU VANG

Tinh th kt tinh thng l acid tartaric, 1 thnh phn lun c trong dch nho. Tinh th acid tartaric kt lng d dng v i khi b ngi s dng nhm tng chng vi nhng vn thy tinh.

CNG NGH LN MEN

87

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) S DNG RU VANG

Vang trng v vang hng thng c thng thc trng thi p lnh (khong 4-10oC) . Bi v, chng c nng tng i thp v d bay hi. Khi h hi, vang s tr nn dng nht nho v v v.

CNG NGH LN MEN

88

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) S DNG RU VANG

Vang vn c nng hng cao thng c s dng nhit phng. Khi , hng ca vang bc ra tt hn v do vy s hp dn hn so vi khi s dng lnh. Theo truyn thng, ngi ta dng nhng loi ly ring bit cho cc loi vang khc nhau nhm t c hiu ng cao nht cho mi loi vang.

CNG NGH LN MEN

89

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) S DNG RU VANG

Vang m ly c bu ln v ming nh Gi cho vang cun xoy bn trong m khng trn ra ngoi + tng cng din tch b mt bay hi Gi cho hng tp trung pha trn v thng thc chng d dng
CNG NGH LN MEN 90

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) S DNG RU VANG

Vang c ga thng c rt vo nhng ly cao v hp. Loi ly ny lm ni bt nhng tm kh ni trn b mt ru.

CNG NGH LN MEN

91

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) S DNG RU VANG

Tuy vy, RV c th c thng thc trong tt c cc loi ly khc nhau, v s thch c nhn mi tht s l iu quan trng. Hng v ca cc loi RV khc nhau l khc nhau v 1 s loi s ph hp hn vi 1 s mn n nht nh.

CNG NGH LN MEN

92

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) S DNG RU VANG

Vang c hng v nh nhng mn n khng qu mnh v mi v. Hng v ru qu mnh c th lm mn n tinh t tr nn nht nho.

CNG NGH LN MEN

93

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) S DNG RU VANG

Ngun: Th.S tm l Nguyn Ngc Qunh Dao

CNG NGH LN MEN

Mt vi lu : Vang trng tht trng: tht g, tht luc, c, t gia v cm chn Vang tht : tht b, tht quay, tht c l, nhiu gia v cm bu ly
94

2.

Bo qun v s dng Ru vang (RV) S DNG RU VANG

Chng ta c th phn no d on c thc n ca ba tic thng qua cch b tr ly tch. Nhng ch bn n kho lo l ngi c th kt hp hi ha cc mn n v ru i km nhm nhn mnh nhng hng v c trng ca tng loi. y l c 1 ngh thut ngh s
CNG NGH LN MEN 95

3. Li ch ca ru vang Nng cn trong ru vang ch khong 1114%, thp hn khong 4-5 ln so vi ru mnh, c nng t 40-75%. Ru vang, c bit l vang , mang li nhiu li ch cho sc kho nu bn ung iu , khong 100-200ml/ngy.

CNG NGH LN MEN

96

3. Li ch ca ru vang 1. Trnh nguy c mc bnh v tim mch v cc chng t qu - Resveratrol (cht chng xi ha polyphenol) c trong qu nho lm nng cholesterol trong c th thp hn => lm chm li qu trnh tch ly trong ng mch. 2. Chng li mt s tc nhn gy lo ho: - cht chng -xy ho flavonoid trong vang cao gp 10-20 ln so vi rau qu.

Resveratrol
CNG NGH LN MEN

97

3. Li ch ca ru vang
3. Gim qu trnh x va ng mch

4. Liu php mi cha bnh phi 5. Kch thch n ung v tiu ho tt 6. Nhng li ch khc ca ru vang - S tng hp cc vitamin C, B1, B3, B5, B6, km, acid lipoic...trong vang c tc dng ngn bnh tiu ng. - Ngoi ra, ung ru vang iu cn l mt cch gip bn gim nguy c b bnh nh: ng th, Alzheimer, Parkinson...
CNG NGH LN MEN 98

THNG TIN V SC KHE

Mt nghin cu cho thy ru vang c tc dng tt hn ru vang trng trong vic ngn nga ung th rut kt (kt trng)
CNG NGH LN MEN 99

4.

Mt s loi ru vang trn th gii

Brem Bali - Indonesia

CNG NGH LN MEN

100

4.

Mt s loi ru vang trn th gii

Bubod Vang go - Philippine

CNG NGH LN MEN

101

4.

Mt s loi ru vang trn th gii

Cabernet_Sauvignon_Sonoma_Valley

CNG NGH LN MEN

102

4.

Mt s loi ru vang trn th gii

Gallo_chardonnay

CNG NGH LN MEN

103

4.

Mt s loi ru vang trn th gii

Sake Nht

CNG NGH LN MEN

104

4.

Mt s loi ru vang trn th gii

Malawi - ru vang t chui

CNG NGH LN MEN

105

4.

Mt s loi ru vang trn th gii

Shochu Nht

CNG NGH LN MEN

106

4.

Mt s loi ru vang trn th gii

Vang Lt Vit Nam

CNG NGH LN MEN

107

4.

Mt s loi ru vang trn th gii

Ru sim Ph Quc - Vit Nam

CNG NGH LN MEN

108

5. Vn ha Ru Vang

CNG NGH LN MEN

109

CNG NGH LN MEN

110

5. Vn ha Ru Vang

RV lun c mt trong cc t trang tr

CNG NGH LN MEN 111

5. Vn ha Ru Vang

CNG NGH LN MEN

112

5. Vn ha Ru Vang

CNG NGH LN MEN

113