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  • L23a 6 Donald Winford - The Concept of Diglossia in Caribbean Creole Situations

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    L23a 6 Donald Winford - The Concept of Diglossia in Caribbean Creole Situations

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    Sheryl Seaton

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    of 6
    4, 45-396. Primed in he United States oF America concept of *diglossia”” in Caribbean creole situations DONALD WINFORD : Department of Language and Linguistics ‘The University of the West Indies "s concept of diglossa is examined with a view to Oedetermining Fis applicbllity to creole continua, The characteristics of classic instances of diglossia ae subdivided into sociocultural and fingustic features, and heen turn are used as a bass for determining the extent to which different types of community might be fruflly described as diglsse, The wnck er is drawn that creole continua share far more in common with Fee- fqton’s defining cases of diglosia than they donot, and far more than other Spee of speech community 4(Diglossia, Creole continua, Typology of speech commanities) ‘ INTHE USES OF THE TERM “*DIGLOSSIA’” [the term ““dighssia” has been applied, with varying degrees of conviction, 10 Types of speech community, and itis now taken for granted tha the label id be part of any atiept at typological classification of sociolinguistic voatione.‘Phis has ted in many cass to confusion rather than clarification, and tive tomured debate about the precise meaning of dighssia and what really constitutes a diglossi situation Ferguson (1956325), who borrowed the term from Marya (1930-31, OB ally mtended i to refer to “one particular type of standardization where tewo saan ies of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with cack faving a definite roe to play." Ferguson's concept of dilossia i quite pectic on erin point ot the least important of which is thatthe varieties inv Tclong in some sense) tothe same language and be perceived ws x0 ding She spor commusity in spite of his, several scholars have used the term fo erie bilingual communities; for example, Fishman (1971:75) refers to Parse guey as diglossic. fer example, Fishnan {1971:74) as well as Ps slossia,” discussed below.) one Tabouret Keller (1978:136) points out, “diglossia has become syn ‘onymous withthe inequality of the roles which each ofthe languages Dresent in 2 Complex situation could serve, and of the corresponding inequality of values [1971 notion of “poly $2.50 © 198 Cambridge University Press 345 | ne404s/88/30345 a Precise place of senmins in sociolinguistic typologies, 1 which the concept of denen Cre, NEVE, Poses problems, which itis pay the purpose of th pen explore. Ferguson's defining cases of diglossia i fblerally agreed that all spcch communis are characterized by aienttaee Use and that this variation can take two forms ~ panera ot, iferentaton determined by the sociological atvibuts of spechens eat (L=low). There is, in tum, a subset of such communi involved belong to the same language and in which ox whieh induce the distinctive set of features which ‘cofnmunites ofthis type that Ferguson originally described as dighac 2 not suprising that such communitics share much in commen eh ete functions sect, £888 they present ain sharp focus the patterns of eocial end in pthich characterize all speech communities. But they a

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