Neural crest cell Derivatives:-

2 Ganglions - Celiac and Dorsal root Ganglion 5 Cells- 1.Parafollicular C cells of thyroid 2.Chromaffin Cells of Adrenal Medulla 3. Enterochromaffin Cells 4. Schwann Cells 5. Melanocytes Bones- Skull, Odontocytes and Laryngeal Cartilage CNS- Cranial Nerves, ANS and Pia and Arachnoid MAter CVS- Aortico Pulmonary Septum neural crest cells pathology.For example, in MEN I (pituitary/parathyroid/pancreas), both chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and parafollicular cells (C-cells) originate from the neural crest. The genetic defect associated with MEN 2A and 2B is a germ-line mutation from the RET proto-oncogene. Neural crest cells arise from the ectoderm at the margin of the neural tube. Then, they migrate to various locations through the body. In the end, neural crest cells form the thyroid and the adrenal medulla. So, a defect in one germ-line cell can produce both medullary thyroid cancers from parafollicular C-cells and pheochromocytomas from adrenal medullary cells. Tetralogy of Fallot-Abnormal migration of neural crest cells, leading to displacement of the infundibular septum l Tetralogy: Pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and VSD Failure of Neural Crest Cell Migration into Meissner and Auerbach Enteric Plexuses in Distal Colon leads to Congenital Megacolon-Hirschsprung's Disease Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Multiple caf-au-lait spots (flat skin patches darker than the surrounding area) appear in early childhood which increase in both size and number with age. In addition to these skin changes, tumors can develop along nerves in the skin, brain, and other parts of the body. In the iris of the eye, Lisch nodules (benign growths) also appear, DiGeorge syndrome is the most frequent microdeletion syndrome in humans caused by a hemizygous deletion (1.5 to 3.0-Mb) of chromosome 22q11.2. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome, Hypoplasia of thymus and parathyroids, third and fourth pharyngeal pouch syndrome. Abnormalities: cardiovascular, thymic and parathyroid, craniofacial anomalies, renal anomalies, hypocalcemia and immunodeficiency. Neuroblastoma,Melanoma... ect...