Name of Student : ___________________________

Teachers Name : Class : Lesson No. : Date : Time :

MR. CHRIS F2A1 11 10 APRIL - 2013 12.15PM 2.00PM

SEKOLAH MENENGAH SERI OMEGA, JOHOR BAHRU Subject : Chapter / Topic : Sub-Topic : Science 3.0 Biodiversity 3.1 Understanding variety of living organisms and their classification.

What is biodiversity? 1. The living things found on Earths are human, animals and plants. 2. A living thing is known as an organism 3. Animals and plants have various shapes, sizes and habitats. 4. The differences that exists between the same species of living things are called variations/ diversity of life/ or biodiversity. Habitat of living things 1. A natural place where plants and animals live is called a habitat. 2. Different animals and plants live in different habitats. 3. A habitat is important to an organism because a. It provides the organism with food. b. Protection c. Space for breeding

HABITAT of living things Animals Bird Snake Amoeba Whale Camel Termite Tree Bushes Pond Sea Dessert Wood Lotus Mushroom Durian tree Duckweed Coconut tree Cactus Plants Lake Wood Orchid Pond Seashore Dessert

Classification of Living Organism 1. Classification of living organism such as plants and animals can be done based on their common characteristics. 2. A classification system is required to group living things methodically because of their large number and types. 3. Although they possess common characteristics, organisms from the same species still have distinctive characteristics which differentiate them from other species. 4. Classification is important to enable more in-depth scientific studies to be carried out for the improvement of the species themselves. 5. Examples of classification of animal based on their habits and their breathing organs are shown below.

Classification of animals Habitat Land water Water & Land Examples Eagle Chicken snake Whale Prawn Crab Crab Seahorse eel Turtle Crocodile Frog Horse Duck Cow Frog Toad Gills Breathing organs Lungs Moist Skin

Classification of Animals 1. Groups of animals can be classified according to similarities in characteristics, features and structures. 2. Common characteristics are characteristics that are possessed by two or more types of species. 3. Common characteristics in animals include methods of reproduction, types of food habitats and physical features. 4. Classification of animals by common characteristics:

Characteristic of animal

Examples

Live in water

Crab, fish, shrimp, oyster, squid, cockle and jellyfish

Live on land

Dog, chicken, cat, squirrel, mouse, elephant, tiger and deer

Live in water & on land

Crocodile, frog, turtle, seal and otter

Reproduces by laying eggs

Hen, fish, bird, crab, duck, goose and cockroach

Reproduces by giving birth

Whale, dolphin, porcupine, pangolin, bat, rabbit and cow

Herbivorous

Rabbit, cow, goat, giraffe, squirrel, snail and grasshopper

Carnivorous

Lion, tiger, piranha, crocodile, snake, frog

Omnivorous

Chicken, duck, cat, cockroach, mouse, bear

Body covered with hair

Cat, dog , cow , rabbit , bear, bat

Body covered with feathers

Bird, penguin, chicken and duck

Body covered with scales

Fish, pangolin, lizard, snake, monitor lizard

5. Animals can be classified into 2 big groups: a. Animals with backbones b. Animals without backbones 6. Animals with backbones are known as vertebrates 7. Animals without backbones are known as invertebrates

Vertebrates

Invertebrates

with backbones

without backbones

Main support is endoskeleton which consists of bones

Main support is exoskeleton such as hard skin and fluid pressure

ANIMALS

vertebrates

invertebrates

fish

amphibians

reptiles

mammals

birds

8. Vertebrates are divided into 5 main groups. The 5 main groups are: a. Fish b. Bird c. Mammals d. Reptile e. Amphibian

9. Classification of vertebrates and their characteristics:

a. FISH

Characteristics of fish:

1. Habitat : water 2. Type of blood: Cold-blooded ( poikilothermic ) body temperature change according to the temperature of the surroundings. 3. Characteristics of body: streamlined; covered by slimy scales; moves using fins and tails 4. Breathing organ: Gills 5. Method of reproduction: Lays eggs ( except sharks and seahorses give birth to young) 6. Type of fertilization : external fertilization 7. Examples are fish and eel

b. BIRD

Characteristics of birds:

1. Habitat : land 2. Type of blood: Warm-blooded ( homoiothermic ) fixed body temperature 3. Characteristics of body: i. covered by feathers

ii. have beaks iii. legs covered with dry scales iv. move using wings and legs 4. Breathing organ: Lungs 5. Method of reproduction: i. Lays eggs

ii. Eggs have shell 6. Type of fertilization : internal fertilization 7. Examples are bird and chicken

c. REPTILE

Characteristics of reptiles:

1. Habitat : water and land 2. Type of blood: Cold-blooded ( poikilothermic ) 3. Characteristics of body: covered by dry and hard scales , move using limbs and tails 4. Breathing organ: Lungs 5. Method of reproduction: i. Lay eggs

ii. Eggs have shells ( rattle snakes give bith to young) 6. Type of fertilization : internal fertilization 7. Examples are snakes and crocodiles

d. AMPHIBIANS

Characteristics of amphibians:

1. Habitat : water ( the young ones ) and land ( adults ) 2. Type of blood: Cold-blooded ( poikilothermic ) 3. Characteristics of body: covered by moist skin ; moves with limbs and tails 4. Breathing organ: i. Gills ( tadpole stage )

ii. Lungs ( adult stage ) iii. Moist skin ( adult stage ) 5. Method of reproduction: iii. Lay eggs iv. Eggs have no shells 6. Type of fertilization : external fertilization 7. Examples are toad and frog

e. MAMMALS

Characteristics of mammals:

1. Habitat : land ( whales and dolphins are 2 exceptions) 2. Type of blood: Warm-blooded ( homoeothermic ) 3. Characteristics of body: i. covered by fur or hair

ii. have external ears iii. have sweat glands iv. have mammary ( milk) glands ( produce milk from young ) v. move using limbs. 4. Breathing organ: Lungs 5. Method of reproduction: Give birth to young ( except platypuses and anteaters) 6. Type of fertilization : internal fertilization 7. Examples are cat, rabbit and goat

Unusual characteristics of some mammals 1. Bats have wings and fly like birds 2. Whales and dolphins live in water like fish 3. Pangolin lays eggs and have beaks like ducks 4. Platypus lays eggs and have beaks like ducks 5. Porcupines the body is covered with spines for protection.

6. Kangaroos and koalas raise the young in their body pouches. Invertebrates 1. Invertebrates are generally animals without backbones. 2. The support system of invertebrates consists of: a. Exoskeleton such as hard shell. Examples are crabs, prawns and centipede b. Hydrostatic frame. Examples are earthworms, caterpillar and planarians 3. Generally, the physical characteristics of invertebrates are much more simpler than vertebrates. 4. Most microorganism are invertebrates. For examples, coelenterates ( Hydra and Jellyfish) and protozoa ( Paramecium and Amoeba ). 5. Invertebrates also can be broadly classified into 2 groups. The 2 groups are: a. With jointed legs b. Without jointed legs Invertebrates Invertebrates with jointed legs Example Crab, Spider, centipede, millipede , butterfly Earthworm, flatworm, sea anemone, starfish and snail. Invertebrates without jointed legs

Exercises 1. Diagram 2 shows the classification of vertebrates. VERTEBRATES

BIRDS

REPTILES

FISH

M: . Diagram 2

N: .

(a) What groups do M and N represent? Label M and N on Diagram 2. [2 marks] (b) State one difference between group M and group N. .. [1 mark] (c) Name one group of vertebrate which is cold-blooded. [1 mark] (d) Which group of vertebrates has feathers? [1 mark] (e) Which group of vertebrate gives birth to their young? [1 mark]

2. Diagram 4 shows four different animals, P, Q, R, and S.

Diagram 4 (a) Based on your observation in Diagram 4, state one characteristic of each animal. P.. .. Q. R :... S:....

(b) Classify the animals in Diagram 4 into two groups based on their common characteristics. Name the animals belonging to each group. P, Q, R and S

Common characteristics

Names of animals

3. Diagram 5 shows animals P, Q and R. P Q R

...

... Diagram 5

...

(a) Which group of vertebrates do P, Q, and R represent? Write the answers in Diagram 5 [3 marks]

(b) Match P, Q, and R to its correct common characteristics. Animal Characteristics Breathe with lungs, cold-blooded, skin covered with hard and dry scales

Breathe with lungs, cold-blooded, skin covered with hard and dry scales Q Breathe with lungs, warm-blooded, lay eggs with hard shells

Breathe with lungs, warm-blooded, give birth to live young

[3 marks]