Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction:
This report revolves around very common issue of present industrial
framework that is global warming. Environmental pollution is the
problem of this era which needs immediate identification and measures
to resolve. Environmentalists are concerned about the governmental
policies about the pollution measures. Environmental pollution is going
to be a major dilemma of the future if it is not fixed timely. Every
individual or organization is concerned about their short-term gains. But
no one cares about the impact of their shorter gains on the longer
period.
In this report, we put a sincere effort to bring forth this serious issue of
the use of plastic bags that harms the natural environment. We tried to
determine the level of consciousness of individual about environmental
pollution. This report will help you understand the awareness level of
people’s concern about the global warming. And how the polythene
bags affect our environment. What if the use of the plastic bags is
discontinued, what consequences we should ready to face.
This report highlights the problems and the harms of using plastic bags
in depth. What role plastic bags play in our daily routine lives. A long
detailed personal and telephonic survey has been conducted for this
reason.
Overview of the Plastic:
Every year, around 500 billion (500,000,000,000) plastic bags are used
worldwide. So many that over one million bags are being used every
minute and they're damaging our environment. India's plastics
consumption is one of the highest in the world. Yet, precious little has
been done to recycle, re-use and dispose of plastic waste. Plastic bags
are difficult and costly to recycle and most end up on landfill sites where
they take around 300 years to photo degrade. They break down into tiny
toxic particles that contaminate the soil and waterways and enter the
food chain when animals accidentally ingest them. But the problems
surrounding waste plastic bags starts long before they photo degrade.
What is pollution?
There are many types of pollution happening today, even in your city.
One type of pollution we hear about a lot here in Santa Barbara is oil
pollution. This can be spillage or even leakage of processed oil into
oceans. Other types of pollution include air pollution (the layer of brown
clouds you see when you go to Los Angeles and other big cities).
Pollution from sewage and drainage into rivers and oceans also is a
serious problem for our environment. Finally, deforestation and industry
development can also be thought of as ways the environment is being
polluted.
How does pollution affect rivers, oceans, and our ecosystem?
Our rivers, lakes and oceans are affected by pollution in many ways. First and
foremost, the organisms that live in these places are often harmed by
pollution. The water can be polluted by chemical and product leaks, which
may cause the animals who live in the water to get sick. Animals who are high
up on the food chain can also get sick from toxic build up in their bodies from
eating other affected animals and plants. Air pollution also has very negative
effects on our atmosphere. There is a hole in our ozone due to pollution in the
air. If this hole gets bigger we won’t be as protected from the sunlight and it's
heat. Many years from now this could pose a serious threat to humans.
Secondary Research
On March 15, 2007, the Sindh environmental department and the City District
Government Karachi (CDGK) started cracking down on the manufacturers
and vendors of polythene bags in the banned category. Given that the
provincial environmental department was unable to frame rules in line with the
Act and also lacked the magisterial power required for the purpose, the ban
was enforced through Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC)
and on two different occasions, City Nazim Syed Mustafa Kamal ordered a
ban on the manufacture of such bags for 30 days.
However, under the provisions of the law, the city government may not invoke
Section 144 of the CrPc for the third consecutive time on the same subject,
claimed a source.
Shopkeepers can be seen using paper bags all over the city since a ban was
imposed on use of polythene bags by the Sindh government under section
144 on the request of the CDGK last week, which declared plastic bags a
threat to the cityís sewerage infrastructure and environment.
1. Paper is made from a renewable resource, trees. We can plant more trees,
and we do!
2. Paper grocery bags are strong enough to hold up to 20 pounds of groceries
without breaking—and can be reused again and again.
3. Paper grocery bags are made by workers in the paper factory (and recycled
by paper mills here too).
4. You'll have plenty of containers to put your used paper, cans, or bottles in
for recycling.
5. Your groceries won't slide all over the car on the way home.
6. You can be part of the Billion Bags Campaign to reuse and recycle paper
bags and boxes.
7. Paper bags are the shopper's choice (according to a survey by Willard
Bishop Consulting).
8. Paper bags are biodegradable (a plastic bag would still be in a landfill 1,000
years from now).
9. The messages on paper grocery bags are printed with water-based inks.
These inks are safer for the environment and make is easier for paper mills to
recycle the bags into new paper.
Suggestions
1.) There is need to create an awareness and develop a thinking that an
individual made
a promise to himself as
a) I promise to recycle all the paper products collected in my community
(such as paper grocery bags, corrugated boxes, newspapers, milk cartons,
cereal boxes, mail, office paper, magazines, and catalogs).
b) I know the paper I recycle is used as a raw material to make new paper
products, so it is important to recycle right. I pledge to pay attention to my
community's recycling rules.
c) Because paper grocery bags can be reused and recycled, I promise to
say "Paper, Please" at the grocery store
Primary Research
In our primary research we tried to find out the awareness level among
people.
In this regard we use different techniques for getting information. The
following three survey techniques were used in the research process
O Personal Interviews
O Questionnaire
O Telephonic Survey
O Focus Group Discussion
Research Findings
Respondent’s Gender
33.33
Male
Female
66.66
Education
0
44
Matriculation
Graduate
56
Master
Frequency of Grocery shopping
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Twice a Daily Twice a Weekly Monthly Other
Day Week
88.88
YES NO DON't KNOW
Do you agree that plastic bags are the cause of
environmental pollution?
16.66
5.55
77.7
16.66
72.2
77.77
11
33
55
11
16
65
11
89
10
21
67
22
50
11
11
78
10 0
89
Both 27.7%
Ed uc ati on
O Matriculation
O Graduate
O Master
Yes No Do n’t K no w
Do yo u ag re e th at p la stic ba gs a re t he ca us e of e nviro nm ent al po lluti on ?
Yes No Do n’t K no w
Yes No Do n’t K no w
If y es , t he n wh at y ou d o with it?
O Throw in the street
O Keep with you for future purchase
O Look for dust bin to trash
O Not in list? then _________________________________________
Yes No Do n’t K no w
Yes No Do n’t K no w
Ha ve y ou he ar d o f th e b an on p la stic ba g i n s om e a re as of t he co un try an d
worl dwi de ?
Yes No Do n’t K no w
Yes No Do n’t K no w
Yes No Do n’t K no w
O Avoid the foreign exchange loss incurred on imported chemicals used in plastic bag
production.
O Encourage domestic industry by using cotton bag that is produced with local material.
O Generate employment opportunities in textiles.
Ye s No Don ’t Kn ow Strictl y N ot
Yes No Do n’t K no w
Yes No Do n’t K no w
Yes No Do n’t K no w
Do yo u thi nk it is be tter o pti on to b rin g y ou r ow n sh op pi ng b ag t o ma rk et?
Yes No Do n’t K no w
Our research topic was to find out the awareness level among people
that to what degree they inclined towards the environmental friendly
products. And in this regard are they familiar about the harms of
polythene bags. And whether they want to have some other alternative
available to take part practically towards the betterment of environment.
Limitations in research:
Secondary Research:
Internet
Magazines
Newspapers
Books on environmentalism
O We could not get the sufficient data related to our own country.
O Some websites were out of services
O Problem of fit between the data available and data requires
O Geographical Locations were also one of the constrains to know
about people perception and behavior about global warming and
environmental friendly products.
Primary Research:
Our primary research comprises of
Questionnaire:
We get the questionnaire from the students of IMS and the employees
of The Bank Alfalah. But the major problem we faced was;
Non-response error
Telephoning Survey:
“The difficulty will last a few days, but it will be good for the future.”
In general, participants also felt that while polythene bags are bad for
the environment, they are far more convenient than current alternatives.
One man in particular expressed a wish for biodegradable one-use
bags. However, others expressed the feeling that one-use bags are
always bad for the environment. They still take time to biodegrade, and
thus could still block drains. If they are produced with chemicals they
will be bad for the environment, and if they utilize imported materials,
then they will be a drain on the economy, as opposed to the use of jute
bags.
Advantages of stopping polythene bag use:
One man expressed great pleasure at the ban, discussing the economic
as well as environmental advantages. He explained that since raw
materials are imported for production of polythene bags, and since the
bags are produced by machines and thus require little labor, there are
two economic disadvantages: loss of foreign exchange to import raw
materials, and few employment gains. He contrasted those problems
against the advantages of jute bags, which are produced with local
materials and employ far more people in their production
Recommendations:
To eliminate the problems being faced and to alleviate the solution, possible
recommendations are:
O The top three forth portion of the dust bins should be covered. This will
obstruct the flight of polyethylene bags.
O Since, the bags get air bone. Due its light weight the manufacture of
bags with adequate thickness be allowed to prevent its flight. The
Islamic Republic of Pakistan’s standard institution may prescribe the
thickness and the quality of the bags.
The city government, along with the plastic manufactures may start a mass
awareness program on a large scale. This will, at least, prevent the house
wives from the throwing the plastic bags outside of their homes.
O LIST OF SOURCES
O RESOURCE CONTSTRAINTS
O ACCURACY AND IMPORTANCE OF THE SOURCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Specifically we are going to bring in the issue of plastic (poly) bags; its threats.
And at the same time the need for the best alternatives. That maybe the
paper bag as well as the jute (cotton) bags. Since the topic seems to be and
actually is a very sensitive, it requires knowledgeable individuals and society
to understand and to create awareness and to tackle this problem
strategically.
O An Inconvenient Truth
The movie
O Lectures by Ms. Zarin Shoaib. Term fall 2008.
Many of above mentioned URLs are run by the international NGOs and
governmental institutions, almost all of them are updated regularly and the
information available and so far that has come to our notice is efficient,
accurate, and updated.
The search engine Google that is used maximum internet user is also
updated in every second, we are looking into it for further investigation of
related regulatory authorities and more concerns related to our topic for report
as well as for the purpose of educating ourselves. Finally the resource
constraints like time money will definitely lead to compromise on quality and
quantity. But the effort would be of the highest level with a clear intention to
bring rigorous, precise, accurate and objective sort of results.