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(1930) ckEpS f arv wGijf zpfco
Jh nf ukvm; - Arm t"duk%;f onf TuJodk@ tajctaersm;a=umifjh zpfymG ;cJ&h onf? (1920 - 30) ckEpS f
rsm;twGi;f ESppf Of ta&;}uD;vkyfief;rsm;wGif oydwfarSmufrw
_ ckpD jzpfcJhonf? (1931 - 36) ckEpS rf sm;wGif ysrf;r# oydwaf rSmufr_ wESpf
v#if 4 ck r# ay:aygufco
Jh nf? oydwrf sm;. =umjrifch sed u
f mvonf (3 ) ywfcef@&n
S =f umonf?
(1937 - 41) ckEpS f 'kw,
d umv tvkyo
f rm;rsm; tajctaeESifh wdkuyf rGJ sm;
TumvwGif jynfwGi;f jynfy Edkiif Ha&;wdu
k yf rGJ sm;. *,uf&dkucf wfro
_ nf Armjynftvkyo
f rm;v_y&f mS ;r_udk a&S@odk@wGe;f aqmfr_ jzpfay:apcJh
onf? xdkEidk if Ha&;wdu
k yf rGJ sm;ESifh qufpyfonfh Edik fiHtajctaersm;rSm - (1930) ckEpS f q&mpH OD;aqmifcJhonf@ v,form;awmfveS fa&;/
urBmhp;D yGm;ysufuyf. &ku
d fcwfrr_ sm;/ +Adwo
d #tpd;k &. &ufpufpGmzdEySd rf _a=umiffh *spD b
D aD t ( jrefrmEdik fiHtoif;csKyf}uD;) tydki;f ydki;f tpdwf
pdwjf zifh yuG&J jcif;/ e,fcJs@qef@usifa&; 0HomEkvyk fief;rsm;udk ESyd u
f G y f z su q
f ;D jcif;/ Edkiif aH &;acgif;aqmiftcsKd @ e,fcJs@EiS fh yl;aygif;oGm;jcif;/
(1917) ckEpS f &k&Sm;tvkyo
f rm;wdk@. r[matmufwb
dk mawmfveS fa&;rS qd&k ,
S v
f pftawG;tac:rsm; ysHESH@vmjcif;/ r[wWr*END acgi;f
aqmifaom tdE,
Nd trsdK;om;uGe*f &uf. vGwv
f yfa&;wdu
k fyrGJ S vlxkvy_ &f Sm;r_ yJw
h if&u
dk fcwfoHrsm; ponftajctaewdk@jzpfonf?
jynfwiG ;f jynfy EdkifiaH &;wdu
k yf GJrsm;ESifh jzpfay:ajymif;vJaeaom EdkifiHa&;tajctaersm;onf vGwv
f yfa&; awmif;qd/k wdu
k yf 0GJ ifaeonfh
wdik ;f cspjf ynfcspfvil ,frsm;tay: }uD;rm;onfh =oZmoufa&mufru
_ dk jzpfay:apcJo
h nf? xdktcsed rf pS wif+yD; rsKd ;csppf w
d &f o
Sd nfh vli,frsm;
onf tqif;&J yifyef;cHum jynfolw&yfv;kH udk e,fcsJ@qefusiafh &;pdw"f gwrf sm;jzifh pnf;&k;H v_aH qmfc=Jh uonff?
wdk@Armtpnf;tk;H . yxrt}udrfnv
D mcH (a&eHacsmif; nDvmcH}uD;) udk (1935) ckESp/f rwf/ (30) &ufae@wiG u
f sif;ycJo
h nf? xdn
k D vm
cH+yD;aemuf pnf;k;H a&;e,fy,f us,fjyef@vmcJo
h nf? tvkyo
f rm;/ v,form;/ ausmif;om; vli,ftrsdL;orD;rsm;. vlxv
k l
wef;pm;qdik f&m tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udkvnf; wd;k wufzGJ@pnf;Edik fco
Jh nf? wdk@Armtpnf;t&k;H onf (1936) ckESprf pS I tvkyo
f rm;rsm;. oydwf
wdu
k yf rGJ sm;udk uln+D yD;ajz&Si;f ay;cJo
h nf? yxrOD;qk;H t}udrt
f jzpf tif;pde/f pOfhil wa,m pGyu
f s,pf uf tvkyo
f rm;oydwu
f dk ulnaD jz&Si;f
ay;Edkifco
Jh nf? tvkyo
f rm; tif;tm; (500) jzifo
h ydwaf rSmufcJonf? puf&rkH efae*smudk tvkyrf S xkwyf ,fvu
dk &f onftxd atmifjrif
r_&cJhonf?
vrf;nGefcsuf&vdu
k +f yDjzpfaom tvkyo
f rm;wyf}uD;onfvnf; aemufw&uf eHeuf (6) em&DwGif eHygww
f w
k u
f dkif ykvyd w
f yfzGJ@/ vSpH yG w
f yf/
aoeyfuidk w
f yf/ jrif;pD;wyfrsm;twGi;f odk@ xd;k 0ifzcGI
J csw
D uf=uawmhonf?
r@ol r@om;rsm;u 0dki;f 0ef;tm;ay;=uonf? usq;kH ol/ 'g%&f m&ol/ qGcJ sKyftzrf;cH&ol trsm;tjym;&Sdaomfvnf; aemufrwGef@=uawmh
ay? &du
k Ef u
S af om eHygww
f w
k u
f dkiyf kvyd rf sm;/ r@olr@om;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;rsm; a&maxG;ukefI vSpH Gyaf oewfrsm; ok;H r&jzpfco
Jh nf? jrif;
pD;ykvyd rf sm;u 0ifI&du
k jf yefonf? r@ol r@om;rsm;u &&mvufeufjzifh nmoHay;I ckc=H uonf? jrif;pD;ykvyd rf sm; wyfvefuek =f ujyef
onf? xdo
k dk@jzpfaecsed f csw
d q
f uf vkyx
f m;onft
h wdik ;f udAk [de;f u axmif trd;k ay:wufI axmifom;rsm;tm; v_aH qmfw&m; a[mjyef
onf? axmifwGi;f rSmvnf; &kw&f kwo
f o
J jJ zpfukeaf wmhonf? axmifq+l yDtxifjzifh ykvyd frsm; axmifbufodk@un
l &D ef ajy;oGm;=ujyef
onf? xdt
k cGifhtcgaumif;udk tok;H y+yD; oydww
f yf}uD;onf rauG; tjyifbufodk@ atmifjrifpGmazmufxGuEf idk fco
Jh nf?
qufvufc&D;xGuv
f mpOf acsmacsmarG@arG@jzpfco
Jh nf? vrf;wGiv
f ,form;rsm;uvnf; tvkyo
f rm;oydww
f yfjzifh ylaygif;vdu
k =f uonf?
v,form; (20,000) ausmftxdyg0ifco
Jh nf? tvkyo
f rm;ta&;tcif; oufoufr[kwaf wmhyJ tvkyform;/ v,form;/ ausmif;f om;
rsm;. trsdK;om;vuQ%maqmifonf e,fcsJ q
h ef@usifa&;wdu
k yf t
GJ jzpf ul;ajymif;oGm;cJhonf?
udAk [de;f / udkAaqG ponfhausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm; tzrf;cH&jcif;a=umifh rauG;ausmif;om;rsm; pwifI oydwfarSmufqENjy=uonf?
xdrk w
S qifh wjynfv;kH odk@ausmif;om;oydwfrsm; ul;pufomG ;awmhonf? (1938) ckEpS f 'DZifbm 20 &ufae@wiG f &efuek f&Sd twGi;f 0ef&;kH udk
ausmif;om;rsm;u 0dki;f &Hvu
dk =f uonf? t*Fvyd jf rif;pD;ykvdyrf sm;. vufcsujf zifh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udak tmifausmf usq;kH cJ+h yD;
ausmif;om; - ausmif;ol (200)ausm'f g%f&m&cJhonf?
a&eHajrtvkyo
f rm;oydww
f yf}uD;u ppfa=umif;wa=umif;jzifh &efuek fod@k csw
D ufvmaepOf tjcm;wzuf yJc;l c&dkiEf Sifh oxkHc&dkif wdk@rS v,f
orm;ppfa=umif;rsm;jzifh csDwufvmae=uonf? v,form;rsm; csDwuf&onfh ta=umif;t&if;rSm 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;v$waf wmfu
v,fo;D pm;Oya'rl=urf;/ v,fv$Jajymif;a&;Oya'rl=urf;/ wuUov
dk fOya'jyifqifa&;rl=urf;wdk@ aqG;aEG;aecsdejf zpfonf? wdk@Armtpnf;
t&k;H . vufatmufcH tzGJ@tpnf;wckjzpfaom awmifolv,form; tpnf;t&k;H }uD;u v,form;rsm;ESiyfh wfoufonfh Oya'rl=urf;
udk twnfyay;&ef wjynfvk;H odk@ pnf;&k;H v_Haqmf+yD; qENjyaeonfhumvvnf;jzpfonf? (1938) ckEpS f 'DZifbm 14 &ufae@wiG f
ysO;f rem;/ awmifi/l yJc;l / oxkHc&dkifrS v,form;tiftm; (20,000) jzifh &efuek /f Oya'yvGwaf wmfodk@ qENjy&ef csw
D ufvm=ujcif;jzpf
onf? xdv
k ,form;ppfa=umif;onf &efuek o
f dk@ 'DZifbm 19 &ufae@wGif qdu
k af &mufonf? a&$w*d kH &ifjyifawmfY wyfpv
GJ u
dk o
f nf?
a&eHajroydwo
f nf 1939 ckEpS f ZEM0g&D 8 &ufae@wGif &efuek o
f kd@qu
dk fa&mufonf? xdak e@wGif a&$w*d kH &ifjyifwGif a&eHoydw/f v,form;
oydw/f ausmif;om;oydw/f 0efxrf;oydwf ponfh oydwaf ygi;f pkH tpnf;ta0;}uD;w&yfudk usif;yvdu
k =f uonf?
&efuek w
f Gif tvkyo
f rm;/ v,form;/ ausmif;om;rsm; oydww
f u
dk yf GJqifE$Jaecsdew
f iG f rEWav;r@rS jynfolvx
l u
k &efuek o
f ydwaf ygif;pku
H dk
axmufcq
H ENjycJ=h uonf? (1939) ckEpS f azazmf0g&v
D 10 &ufae@wiG f tdrfawmf&mbk&m;Y r@v;kH u|wf qENjyvlxk tpnf;ta0;}uD;w&yf
usi;f ycJhonf? tpnf;ta0;odk@ &[ef;oHCm/ oydwaf rSmufausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;/ r@ay:&St
d oif;tzGJ@aygi;f pkrH S vlxktiftm;
(200,000) ausmw
f ufa&mufco
Jh nf? tpnf;ta0;qk;H jzwfcsut
f & vlx}k uD;onf e,fcsJ@pepf. zdESdy&f ufpufru
_ dk pDwef;vSnfh vnf+yD;
qENjy=u&efjzpfonf?
qENjyvlx}k uD;onf ok;H a&mifcs,t
f vHrsm;/ cGyfa'gif;tvHrsm;/ qdki;f yk'rf sm;udkiaf qmifvsuf tdraf wmf&moydwpf cef;rS qdki;f wef;vrf;/ xdrk S
wqif2h 6 bDvrf;twdik ;f auG;a=umforH sm;jzifh csw
D ufvmcJo
h nf? csw
D ufvmaom vlx}k uD;udk vufeufudkfiw
f yfjzifh toifah pmifhae
aom t*Fvyd pf pfwyfu bDvrf;ay:&Sd trfy&D ;D ,Jvf b%fa&S@wGif ta&muf aoewfjzifyh pfcwfErSd ef if;cJo
h nf? xdyk pfcwfr_ wGif &[ef;awmf
(7 ) yg;/ ausmif;om; (3) OD;/ t&yfom;jynfol (7) OD; aoewfxrd eS fIusq;kH cJo
h nf? usq;kH ausmif;om;( 3 ) OD;wGif touf(12) ESpf
t&G,f ausmif;om; Adv
k fwifatmifvnf;yg0ifonf? trsm;tjym; 'g%f&m&=uonf? 'g%f&m&olxw
J Gif &efuek rf S wufvmaom ausmif;
om;acgi;f aqmif udv
k Sarmif (Adv
k af Za,s ) aygiw
f Gif aoewftrSecf H&onf?
vufeufrJh &[ef;&Siv
f l jynfow
l dk@tm; &ufpufpGmypfowfcaJh om owif;qd;k onf wjynfv;kH odk@ ysH@Eo
SH mG ;cJo
h nf? &efuek w
f iG f wdk@Armt
pnf;t&k;H rS OD;aqmifI taocHAdkvrf sm;aG;um pDwef;vSnv
fh nfum qENjycJ=h uonf? atmifvH r@wGif usi;f yaomvlxq
k ENjyyGJwiG f
vnf; ykvdyyf pfcwfr_a=umifh Adv
k Af zdk; usq;kH cJ&h onf?
udv
k edk jD refrmEdik if Hordki;f Y (1300) jynfh ta&;awmfyko
H nf jynfov
l x
l k. nDnw
G rf p_ rG ;f tm;udk tpGr;f ukefazmfjyvdu
k o
f nfh ordik ;f rSww
f dkif
wckjzpfonf?
tus;dk quftm;jzifh a'guw
f mAarmf nGef@aygi;f tpd;k &ywfusomG ;onf? OD;yk tpd;k &wufvmonf? odk@aomf tvkyo
f rm;/ v,form;
oef;aygi;f rsm;aom jynfow
l dk@b0um;xl;jcm;ajymif;vJrvmcJyh g? 1300jynfh ta&;awmfyk}H uD;tm; e,fcsJ@tpd;k &u tiftm;ok;H +yD; t
=urf;zufzcGJco
Jh nf? tEkenf;jzifv
h nf;zcGJco
Jh nf? xdktcsderf pS I wdk@Armtpnf;t&k;H }uD;vnf; wd;k wufaom ocifu,
dk af wmfrd_i;f *d%
k ;f ESifh
ocifApdef*%
dk ;f [lIuGJco
Jh nf?
vlxEk iS cfh saD omwdu
k yf w
GJ dki;f / v_y&f mS ;r_widk ;f wGif tawG@tuHESifh oifcef;pm&&Spd +rJjzpfonf? (1300) jynfhta&;awmfyrkH S Armjynfvw
G v
f yf
a&;wdu
k yf rGJ sm;twGuf jynforl sm;. b0rsm;/ toufrsm;ESi&fh if;ES;D cJh&onfh oifcef;pmrsm;udk &&Sv
d u
dk yf gonf? 1300 jynfh ta&;awmf
yko
H nf &nfreS ;f csuo
f dk@ wcsDwnf;jzifh rcsDwufwufEdkicf Jyh g? qk;H _;H cJ&h onf?
ta&;awmfykHrS ta&;}uD;oifcef;pm ESpfc&k &Sv
d u
dk yf gonf?
yxroifcef;pm rSm tiftm;tqrwef}uD;rm;onfh acwfopfe,fcsJ@ orm;udk tEdkiw
f u
dk zf dk@qv
dk #i/f awmfveS af &;oabmw&m;
vufeuf wwfqifxm;onf/h pnf;urf;wif;=uyfonfh ygwDw&yf. acgif;aqmifr&_ &Sd rnf? trsdL;om;a&;0g' oufoufudk vrf;
nGex
f m;um avsmh&&J JzGJ@pnf;xm;onfh ygwD. acgi;f aqmifr_rsKd ;jzifh wdkuyf q
JG ifvdk@r&Edkif qdo
k nfh oifcef;pmjzpfonf?
'kw,
d oifcef;pm rSm acwfrpSD pfwyfudk tok;H y+yD; zdEySd t
f kycf sKyfaeonfh e,fcsJ@tpd;k &udk tEdik w
f u
dk fcsifv#if acwfrSDtrdsK;om;
wyfrawmf w&yfxlaxmif&rnf? vufeufr&Jh ifqdkiv
f #ifv;kH 0 tEdik fr&Edik b
f ;l qdo
k nfh oifcef;pmrsm;jzpfygonf?
ocifatmifqef;. *k%faus;Zl;onf xdkt&mESpfcu
k dk &&Sv
d matmif xlaxmifco
Jh rl sm;teuf a&S@q;kH wef;uyg0ifco
Jh nfh aumif;r_jzpfonf?
xdt
k a&;}uD;oifcef;pmrsm;tjyif pnf;&k;H Edik o
f nfh tiftm;rsm;udk tus,fjyef@qk;H pnf;&k;H xm;onfh awmfveS fonfw
h yfaygi;f pk&Sd rnf qdk
aomoifcef;pmudv
k nf; &&Sv
d u
dk af o;onf?
txufygoifcef;pmrsm;ESifh tawG@tuHrsm;t& e,fcsJ@pepfEiS fh ya'o&mZfajr&Sipf epf qef@usiaf &;wdkuyf u
GJ dk jywfom;pGm qifE$JEdkiaf &;
twGuf ArmjynfuGejf rLepfygwDudk zGJ@pnf;cJ=h ujcif;jzpfonf?
ygww
D nfaxmifpOfu tzGJ@0if(7) OD;jzifh yg0ifzGJ@pnf;cJo
h nf? ygwD pwifwnfaxmiforl sm;rSm ocifatmifqef;/ ocifA[de;f / ocifvaS z/
ocifp;dk / ocifb/dk &Jabmfbwif (*dk&,
S )f ESihf &Jabmf xGe;f armif ( a'gufwmewf) wdk@jzpfonf? ocifatmifqef;onf ygwD. yxrqk;H
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r_;csKyfjzpfonf? ygwD. EdkifiaH &;t& OD;aqmifrj_ zifh e,fcJs@qef@usiaf &;/ trsdK;om;vGwaf jrmufa&;wdu
k yf u
GJ dk qifEu
GJ m
Armjynfudkf udv
k edk x
D rf;yd;k atmufrS vGwaf jrmufapcJo
h nf? xdyk gwDonf ,ae@tcsed ftxd Armjynf tkyfp;dk olvw
l ef;pm; tqufqufudk
qef@usiw
f u
dk cf du
k af eonf? tvkyo
f rm;vlwef;pm;vGwfajrmufa&; wyfO;D ygwDtjzpf qufvufwdkuyf GJ0ifaeonf? Armjynf&Sd Edkiif aH &;
ygwrD sm;teuf oufwrf;t&Sn=f umqk;H Edkiif aH &;ygww
D ckvnf;jzpfonf? ajratmufEdik fiHa&;ygwDtjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfaeonf?
zwyv (aemif zqyv) zGJ@pnf;jcif;/ rsKd ;cspfArmhwyfrawmfEiS fh &Jacgifaysmuf=um;wyf zGJ@pnf;jcif;wdk@onf xdt
k a&;awmfyk.
H oifcef;pm
rsm;ESifh tawG@tuHrsm;t& zGJ@pnf;jcif;jzpfonf?
(1939 -1945) 'kwd,urBmppfumvwGif em;vnfxm;onfh t,ltqrsm;udk vufawG@usio
fh ;kH Edik cf Jhonf? vufawGusio
fh ;Hk jcif;Edkif
ojzifh renf;vSaom tudsK;tjrwfrsm;udv
k nf; &&Sdapvdu
k o
f nf? &efig tajctaeESifh tcsKd ;tpm;ajymif;jyefveS fI ajymif;oGm; cJo
h nf?
(1300) jynfh ta&;awmfy}kH uD; _;H edro
fh mG ;cJhaomfvnf;/ _;H edrrfh t
_ ay: rSerf eS u
f efuefo;kH oyf ed*;kH csKyf+yD; oifcef;pmaumif;rsm; xkw,
f El dkicf Jh
=uonf? jyifqifoifw
h mjyifqif/ r&Sw
d mudk &Sad tmifvyk jf cif;jzifh aemufq;kH wGif atmifjrifr_&&Sdco
Jh nf? (1300) jynfh ta&;awmfykH (10)
ESpjf ynfhajrmufonft
h cg usaemfwdk@ ArmEdkifio
H nf t8Fvyd ef ,fcsJ@xrf;yd;k atmufrS vGwfajrmufvmcJyh gonf? xdkta&;awmfyu
kH ay;vdu
k f
aom oifcef;pmrsm;ESifh tawG@tuHrsm;udk rSerf Seu
f efuef wefz;dk rxm;cJv
h #if (1948) ckEpS w
f Gif atmifyG&J Edik rf nf r[kwaf cs?
xdak =umifv
h rl _awmfveS fa&;w&yfwiG f ordki;f oifcef;pmrsm;udk rSeu
f efpGmxkw,
f +l yD; vufawG@usifo
h ;kH wwfzdk@ tvGefta&; }uD;ygonf?
ta&;awmfy+kH yD;aemuf tvkyo
f rm;vlwef;pm;v_y&f mS ;r_ tajctae
1300 jynft
h a&;awmfy+kH yD;aemuf (1940) ckEpS w
f iG f &efuek f tif;pdefEiS fh pufrv
_ yk fief;a'orsm; r@}uD;rsm;wGif tvkyo
f rm;. pnf;&k;H r_t
ajctae wd;k wufaumif;rGev
f monf? (1941) ckESpw
f Gif tvky&f pkH uf&akH ygif; (10)ck oydwaf rSmuf=uonf? (1941) ckEpS w
f Gif aiGpuUL
puf&o
kH ydw/f w&kwjf ynfodk@ wifoiG ;f onfh armfawmfum; wwfqifa&;vkyfief;rsm;oydwEf Sifh {&m0wDqyd u
f rf; ukew
f ifuek fcsvyk if ef;
oydwf ponfwdk@ tqufrjywfjzpfay:cJo
h nf?
(1940) ckEpS f'ZD ifbmvwGif tdENd,tvkyo
f rm;oydwEf Sihf ywfouf+yD;/ tdE,
Nd tvkyo
f rm; acgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=uonfh *d&k ,
S /f rl*g&/SD rGe&f Sd
ESifh a'guw
f mewfwdk@udk zrf;qD;+yD; e,fEiS 'f g%fay;vdu
k o
f nf? jrefrmEdkifiHtESHtjym;wGiv
f nf; wdk@Armtpnf;t&k;H rS ocifacgi;f aqmifrsm;/
ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ &[ef;awmfrsm;udk zrf;qD;vdu
k =f uonf? yk'rf r 26/ 38 jzifh vl (1000) cef@zrf;qD;cH&onf?
(1941) ckEpS 'f DZifbm 23 &ufwGif &efuek f r@udk *syefavwyfjzifh Ak;H pwif}uJonf? TrSpI udv
k dkeb
D 0jrefrmEdik if o
H nf 'kw,
d urBmppf
}uD;ESifh ywfoufvm&awmhonf? td*v
F dyw
f dk@vnf; tdE,
Nd odk@ qkwfcGmajy;=u&onf? jynfov
l x
l o
k nf 0k%;f ok;H um;jzpfaecJo
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