Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Analiza Cap1
Analiza Cap1
BAZELE TEORETICO-METODOLOGICE
ALE ANALIZEI ECONOMICO-FINANCIARE
1.1 Analiza economico-ILQDQFLDU
vQ PHFDQLVPXO FRQGXFHULL
YXOQHUDELOLW
LORU L RSRUWXQLW
L LQWXL LH FL SH R
LORU GH GH]YROWDUH
L GLQDPLF
VXELHFWXO
IXUQL]DWH
GH
FDUH
VLVWHPXO
HIHFWXHD]
L
GHRDUHFH
SROLWLFLOH
SULQ
YDORULILFDUHD
LQIRUPD LHL
FRQWDELOH
asta
1.2 'HOLPLW
-fiQDQFLDU
vQ
S U L
VLPSOH
SULQ
VWDELOLUHD
IDFWRULORU
GH
LQIOXHQ
VDX R DQXPLW
R DQXPLW
HYROX LH D ORU
Fig. 1.1).
Fenomenul X
2
1.1
1.1.1
a
1.2
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.2.1
d
2.1
Elemente
2.2
2.3
3.1
Factori de grad I
3.2
Factori de grad II
1.2.2
f
Cauze finale
XU
-financiare1.
Elementele
Factorii
IRU H
PRWULFH
FDUH
SURYRDF
GHWHUPLQ
XQ
fenomen, un rezultat.
Cauzele finale
vPSUHMXU UL
DSDUL LD
FDUH
XQXL
vQ
DQXPLWH
IHQRPHQ
FRQGL LL
VWDUHD
H[SOLF
HYROX LD
acestuia.
AnaOL]D
HFRQRPLF
VWXGLD]
IHQRPHQHOH
GLQ
SXQFW
GH
YHGHUH
De
asemenea, trebuie OXDWH vQ FRQVLGHUDUH UHOD LLOH VWUXFWXUDO-IXQF LRQDOH L D
FHORU FDX] -efect. Complexitatea analizei economico-ILQDQFLDUH GHFXUJH L
GLQ IDSWXO F
vQ HFRQRPLH H[LVW
D FRPSOH[XOXL GH IDFWRUL
sau foU H
-a avut nici un
element al fenomenului.
F)%P E' $ !3!8)' FD@)@ 0 3!! " !% !" 83 6! $ 4 $332# 1 0")(& $%#!
SR QI H G E C B A ' 9 $ 7 # 5 " # # '
"
&RQ LQXWXO
SURFHVXOXL
GH
L D IDFWRULORU GH
DQDOL]
HFRQRPLFR
ILQDQFLDU
SRDWH IL FODVLILFDW
'XS
DQDOL]D L FHO DO
'LQ
SXQFW
GH
YHGHUH
DO
vQVXLULORU
HVHQ LDOH
VDX
DQDOL]D
DO
UHDOL] ULL
GHWHUPLQ ULORU
'XS
A)
B)
V)
'XS
DQDOL]D
DQDOL]D VWDWLF
DQDOL]D GLQDPLF
A) analiza tehnico-HFRQRPLF
B) analiza economico-ILQDQFLDU
C) DQDOL]D ILQDQFLDU
ntreprinderii.
&RQ LQXWXO SURFHVXOXL GH
3URFHVXO
GH
DQDOL]
aQDOL] economico-fLQDQFLDU
HFRQRPLFR ILQDQFLDU
UHSUH]LQW
inversul
1)
2)
VWUXFWXUDO )DFWRULL VH
3)
OD F
ei cu
IHQRPHQXO
DQDOL]DW
FkW
FRUHOD LHL
GLQWUH
IDFWRULL
FDUH
ac LRQHD] ;
4)
0 VXUDUHD
DQDOL]D
LQIOXHQ HORU
FDQWLWDWLY
GLIHULWHORU
SHQWUX
HOHPHQWH
FXDQWLILFDUHD
VDX
IDFWRUL
LQIOXHQ HORU
VH
D
XWLOL]HD]
UH]HUYHORU
6)
P VXULORU
DVLJXUH
IRORVLUH
DFWLYLW
LL vQ YLLWRU
FDUH
RSWLP
UHSUH]LQW
D
FRQ LQXWXO
UHVXUVHORU
GHFL]LLORU
SHQWUX
VSRULUHD
PHQLWH
HILFLHQ HL
FiecDUH
vQWUHSULQGHUH
ORFDOL]DUHD HL VH FRQIUXQW
LQGLIHUHQW
D IHQRPHQHORU HFRQRPLFH
GH
WLSXO
de afaceri.
GH
DFWLYLWDWH
FX DMXWRUXO
Fig 1.2
IDFWRULL
FDUH
vQWUHSULQGHUH
GHFXUJ
PHGLXO
FXP
DU
PHGLXO
SURILOXO
IL
IDFWRUL
LQH FRQW
WHKQL
GLQWUH
ci, tehnologici,
economici, sociali, politici, juridici psihologici, demografici etc.
Grupurile
politice
# "#
1 )3 T
Comunitatea
de afaceri
0
Guvernul
Sindicatele
comunitare
locale
Comunitatea
Mass-media
#"
3 D
Creditorii
Organismele de
# $
U !9
ntreprinderea
consumatorilor
Intelectualii
"
3 0 W
Managerii
companiei
# #"
YX !!D
0# #3
"
$ Ya) `"
$
36U!
5
# cb
a
Furnizorii
le
$ Y) `"
$a
Grupurile
de interes
special
le
Firmele
concurente
le
juridice
Biserica
5HOD LL GLUHFWH
5HOD LL LQGLUHFWH
L VRFLHWDWH
$FHWL
IDFWRUL
corelat, ntr-XQ
DF LRQHD]
VLVWHP
FXQRDWHUHD SUHFLV
GH
GH
OHJ WXUL
UHJXO
QX
vQFKHJDWH
izolat, ci interdependent,
,GHQWLILFDUHD
ORU
QHFHVLW
acestuia.
&ODVLILFDUHD
IDFWRULORU
VH
SRDWH
IDFH
vQ
IXQF LH
GH
PDL
PXOWH
criterii:
I)
'XS
II)
'XS
QDWXUD ORU
WHKQLFL WHKQRORJLFL RUJDQL]D LRQDOL HFRQRPLFL VRFLDO-politici,
demografici, psihologici, biologici, naturali etc.
FDUDFWHUXO ORU vQWU-R DQXPLW
UHOD LH GH FDX]DOLWDWH
factori calitativi;
factori cantitativi, care sunt pXUW WRULi materiali ai celor calitativi;
IDFWRUL GH VWUXFWXU , care intervin atunci cnd rezultatul analizei
VH UHIHU
III) 'XS
QHPLMORFLW LQIOXHQ D
VWUXFWXULL
SURGXF LHL
GHSLQGH
GH
DFWLYLWDWHD
ntreprinderii.
V)
'XS
i.
JUDGXO GH VLQWHWL]DUH
IDFWRUL VLPSOL FDUH QX SRW IL GH]PHPEUD L
IDFWRUL FRPSOHFL FDUH VXQW GHWHUPLQD L GH R VHULH GH DO L IDFWRUL
VLPSOL VDX FRPSOHFL
VI)
'XS
'XS
VII)
VIII) 'XS
SRVLELOLW
IDFWRUL
LOH GH SUHYL]LXQH
SUHYL]LELOL
D XQRU SURFHVH
IX)
HVWH
VHFXQGDUL
FHL
F URU
LQIOXHQ
QX
HVWH
KRW UkWRDUH
vQ
RE LQHUHD UH]XOWDWHORU
1.3.2
5ROXO
DQDOL]HL
vQ
HYDOXDUHD
UHJODUHD
SHUIRUPDQ HORU
ntr-R
DFFHS LXQH
VLQWHWLF
UHVSRQVDELOLW
LORU
DQDOL]D
SUHVXSXQH
UHSHUDUHD
aliza faptelor
LGHQWLILFDUHD
FDX]HORU
GLVIXQFWLRQDOLW
LORU
se asigur
QX QXPDL GH
L FL L DWXQFL
GDU
VH
GRUHWH
vPEXQ W
analiza economico-ILQDQFLDU
VH
LUHD
SHUIRUPDQ HORU
VWDELOHVF
SXQFWHOH
OXQJ
SHQWUX
DWLQJHUHD
DQXPLWRU
RELHFWLYH
HL
WDUL
VWDUH GH
'HRDUHFH
L
VODEH
SULQ
GLQ
DQDOL]D
GLDJQRVWLF
LL ILQDQFLDUH
D vQWUHSULQGHULL I U
PDQDJHULDO
GLVIXQF LRQDOLW
FX GLILFXOW
SUREOHP
economico-ILQDQFLDU
FXUHQW VH HIHFWXHD]
economico-financiare ale
D vQWUHSULQGHULORU
Analiza economico-ILQDQFLDU
VH UHDOL]HD]
L VSHFLDOL]DWH
, VDX GH F
GH FRQVXOWDQ
DXGLW
WUH VRFLHW
etc.
-
VH
XWLOL]HD]
PDL
PXOWH
PHWRGH L SURFHGHH VSHFLILFH VDX vPSUXPXWDWH GLQ DOWH WLLQ H $FHVWHD VH SRW
grupa n 2 categorii:
1) metode ale analizei calitative;
2) metode ale analizei cantitative.
1)
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
FDOLWDWLY
'LYL]LXQHD L GHVFRPSXQH
rea rezultatelor.
.
Stabilirea sistemului factorial-FDX]DO DO H[SOLF
Modelarea fenomenelor economice.
Interpretarea rezultatelor.
Generalizarea sau evaluarea rezultatelor.
&RPSDUD LD
ULL IHQRPHQXOXL
ORU VXQW GH
1.2 &RPSDUD LD
Orice rezultat
P ULPH LPSRUWDQW
DO DFWLYLW
LL ILUPHL VH DQDOL]HD]
FRPSDUD LH
L DSUHFLD]
QX FD R
GH FRPSDUD LH Q
RELHFWLYHORU
FRPSDUD LL vQ VSD
iu;
func ie de un criteriu prestabilit (program, norme,
standarde, etaloane, valori de normalitate, niveluri stabilite de
VWUXFWXUL VSHFLDOL]DWH EDQFDUH VWDWLVWLFH DJHQ LL HWF.);
FRPSDUD LL vQ
(VWH REOLJDWRULX V
V
DLE
VH DVLJXUH FRPSDUDELOLWDWHD
XQ FDUDFWHU RPRJHQ V
GHWHUPLQDWH GXS
R PHWRGRORJLH XQLWDU
VWDELOLUHD
IDFWRULORU
FDUH
ULL IHQRPHQXOXL
GHWHUPLQ
IHQRPHQXOXL
HFRQRPLF
(VWH
ILH
IRDUWH
IRUPDUHD
-functionale dintre
LPSRUWDQW
FXQRDWHUHD
ILH UHDOL]DW ORJLF L SH ED]H UHDOH vQ IXQF LH GH SULQFLSLXO FRQGL LRQ ULL
FRUHO ULL
anali]
LQHJDOLW
HVWH
HVWH
XQXO
UHSUH]HQWDUH
VLPSOLILFDW
UHDOLW
LL
Tipologia modelelor:
modele analogice;
modele simbolice.
0RGHOXO
GH
vQ
HFXD LL
L SUDFWLFD HFRQRPLF
Tipuri de grafice:
o cronograma;
o diagrama (diagrama cu 2 variabile, sectorial , cu coordonate
polare, cu bare simple sau asociate)
o KLVWRJUDPD VDX WDEHOXO GH SHQHWUD LH etc.
Modelele simbolice
VH
ED]HD]
SH
XWLOL]DUHD
VLPEROXU
ilor (litere,
,
GH
XQRU
FRUHOD LH
HFXD LL
SUHYDOHD]
VDX
LQHFXD LL
PRGHOHOH
GHWHUPLQLVWH
PDWHPDWLFH
VLPEROLFH
DOHDWRULL
DQDOL]D
DGLWLYH
PXOWLSOLFDWLYH
formal-PDWHPDWLF
2)
L FHD ORJLF
0HWRGH GH DQDOL]
$FHVWH PHWRGH
H[LVWH FRQFRUGDQ
-econoPLF
OHJ WXULORU
GHSOLQ
FDQWLWDWLY
FDX]DOH
GH
UHOLHID
IDFWRULL
FX
ILQDOLWDWH GH P ULPH L
DF LXQH
PDL
LPSRUWDQW
ntreprinderii.
3HQWUX VHSDUDUHD LQIOXHQ HORU IDFWRULORU VH XWLOL]HD]
vQ IXQF LH GH IRUPD PDWHPDWLF
SH FDUH R vPEU
ac
GLIHULWH PHWRGH
Metode utilizate:
2.1. Indicatorii economico-financiari.
2.2. Indicii FD PHWRG GH H[SULPDUH D GLQDPLFLL IHQRPHQXOXL
economico-financiar.
2.3. &RHILFLHQ LL GH VWUXFWXUD HFKLOLEUX HILFLHQ .
2.4. Ratele (ratio sau rating).
2.5. Tehnicile scorurilor (scoring) ca metod
a analizei
discriminante.
2.6. 0HWRGD VXEVWLWXLULORU vQ ODQ PHWRGD LWHUDULL.
2.7. Metoda calcului matricial.
(programare,
tehnicile
D LQIRUPD LHL
Exemplu:
CA = M +
qv p ,
unde:
CA = cifra de afaceri;
M P UIXUL YkQGXWH
qv = produsele vndute;
p
SUH XO GH YkQ]DUH (exclusiv TVA).
2.2. Indicii, UHSUH]LQW R PHWRG IUHFYHQW XWLOL]DW vQ DQDOL]D IHQRPHQHORU
economico - ILQDQFLDUH &X DMXWRUXO ORU VH VWDELOHWH GLQDPLFD ID GH R ED]
IL[
&RHILFLHQ LL
5HSUH]LQW
ULWPXUL
(ratele) de structur
R PHWRG
HFKLOLEUX L HILFLHQ
GH PDUH XWLOLWDWH
n diagnosticarea fenomenelor
GH
VWUXFWXU
VH
GHWHUPLQ
SUL
n raportarea unei
ei
;
ei
unde:
Ki FRHILFLHQW GH VWUXFWXU ;
ei = elementele componente ale fenomenului, rezultatului.
Coeficien
LL GH HILFLHQ
FX UH]XOWDWHOH RE LQXWH
UH]XOW
sau invers:
Ke =
Efect
;
Efort
Efort
Efect
Ke =
unde:
Ke
FRHILFLHQW GH HILFLHQ
Exemplu:
Rf =
Pn
100 ,
K pr
unde:
Rf UDWD UHQWDELOLW LL ILQDQFLDUH a capitalului propriu;
Pn = profitul net;
Kpr= capitalul propriu.
Coeficien
LL
de echilibru
VH GHWHUPLQ
FD
raport QWUH
GRX
P ULPL
De exemplu:
Kp
K=
Kp + I
unde:
K = coeficientul (rata) autonomiei financiare;
Kp = capitalul propriu;
I = mprumuturile SH WHUPHQ PHGLX L OXQJ
2.4. Ratele
5HSUH]LQW
XQ
UDSRUW
vQWUH
GRX
P ULPL
analizei economico-ILQDQFLDUH
ntreprinderilor.
De exemplu:
Rc =
GLDJQRVWLF ULL
qp qc 100 ,
qc
FRPSDUDELOH
L SUDFWLF
L
HYDOX ULL
DFWLYLW
LL
unde:
Rc UDWD UHQWDELOLW
T
LL UHVXUVHORU FRQVXPDWH
FDQWLWDWHD YkQGXW
I FXW
FX SUXGHQ
vQ IXQF LH
de fiecare
-financiar
pot fi grupate n:
UDWH GH VWUXFWXU ;
rate de gestiune;
rate de echilibru;
UDWH GH HILFLHQ
.
discriminant
UHJXO
PHWRGD
FX
FDUH
VH
VFRULQJ
RSHUHD]
vQ E QFL 5HSUH]LQW
de indicatori.
(scoring),
ca
UHSUH]LQW
vQ
PHGLXO
R IXQF LH FRQVWUXLW
metode
R
PHWRG
H[WHUQ
DO
ale
analizei
GH
DQDOL]
vQWUHSULQGHULL
GH
%DQFD
FDOFXODW
OD
QLYHOXO
XQHL
ILUPH
LQGLF
JUDGXO
GH
LORU
OD
-un
rezultatului ID
LQIOXHQ
DX
IRUPD
GH
SURGXV
VDX
UDSRUW
principii:
a) DH]DUHD IDFWRULORU VH IDFH vQ RUGLQHD FRQGL LRQ rii lor economice, ceea
FH vQVHDPQ
RUGLQHD GH DQDOL] DGLF
nti factorii caQWLWDWLYL L DSRL
FHL FDOLWDWLYL GDF
cei cantitativi);
b) substituirile se fac succesiv;
c) XQ IDFWRU VXEVWLWXLW VH PHQ LQH FD VWDUH vQ RSHUD LLOH XOWHULRDUH
De exemplu, ntr-un model de 3 factori, fenomenul cap W H[SUHVLD
Y = f (x) respectiv y = f (x1 , x2 , xn)
Pe = A e
Exemplu:
CA Pe
A e CA
y = x1 x 2 x 3 ,
$GLF
unde:
= active de exploatare;
Ae
CA
Pe
Cazul teoretic:
I) Modelul n forma unui produs de mai mul i factori:
R = a bc
unde:
R
= rezultat;
a)
Q P
ULPL DEVROXWH
R 0 = a 0 b 0 c0
R = R1 R 0
n care:
6HSDUkQG
LQIOXHQ D
ILHF UXLD
R1 = a1 b1 c1
GLQ
FHL
IDFWRUL
DVXSUD
PRGLILF ULL
WRDUHOH
a1 b 0 c 0 a 0 b 0 c 0 = (a1 a 0 ) b 0 c 0
b)
LQIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL
b:
a1 b1 c 0 a1 b 0 c 0 = a1 (b1 b 0 ) c 0
c)
LQIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL
c:
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c0 = a1 b1 (c1 c 0 )
b)
Q P
ULPL UHODWLYH
IR =
i 0 i 2 i 3 i n
100n 1
D SURGXVXOXL GH LQGLFL
IR =
R1
i i i
100 = a b c
R0
1002
unde:
IR = indicele rezultatului analizat;
i1, i2,..., in = indicele factorului respectiv;
IR = IR - 100.
a)
LQIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL
b)
LQIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL
a:
ia - 100
b:
ia ib
i (i b 100)
ia = a
100
100
c) LQIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL c:
i a i b i c i a i b i a i b (i c 100)
=
100
100 2
100 2
R=
II.1)
a
,
b
Q P
a)
ULPL DEVROXWH
LQIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL
a:
a1 a 0
(a a 0 )
= 1
b0 b0
b0
b) LQIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL b:
1
a1 a1
1
= a1
b
b1 b 0
1 b0
Q P
ULPL UHODWLYH
IR =
a)
R1
100 =
R0
LQIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL
ia
100
ib
a:
i a 100
b)
LQIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL
b:
ia
100 i a
i
II.2) R =
a
,
b
unde:
a = factor calitativ;
b = factor cantitativ.
Q P
a)
ULPL DEVROXWH
LQIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL
b:
1
a0 a0
1
= a0
b b
b1 b 0
0
1
b)
LQIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL
a:
a1 a 0 ( a1 a 0 )
=
b1 b1
b1
Q P
ULPL UHODWLYH
IR =
ia
100
ib
IR = IR 100
a)
LQIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL
b:
100 2
100
ib
b)
LQIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL D
ia
100 2
x 100
ib
ib
0HWRGD VH DSOLF
H[LVW
UHOD LL GH VXP
LVDX GLIHUHQ
0HWRGD EDODQWLHU
R = a + b c;
De exemplu :
unde:
D
YROXPXO YkQ]
Si
VWRF LQL LDO
I
LQWU UL
Sf
= stoc final.
D = Si + I Sf,
ULORU
Si1 Si 0
,QIOXHQ D LQWU ULORU
I1 I 0
):
UDSRUW
vQWUH
IHQRPHQXO
LQIOXHQ HL IDFWRULORU
DQDOL]DW
IDFWRULL
GH
LQIOXHQ
6HSDUDUHD
rezultat n func LH
VHOHFWLY
SHQWUX
presupune
10- GLQ QXP UXO GH SURGXVH VDX P UIXUL UHSUH]LQW -70% din
cifra de afaceri (zona A); deci o subgruS FDUH FXSULQGH IRDUWH SX LQH
SURGXVH VDX P UIXUL GDU FDUH UHDOL]HD]
o mare parte din cifra de
afaceri;
25- GLQ QXP UXO GH SURGXVH VDX P UIXUL YkQGXWH GDX -30%
din cifra de afaceri (zona B);
65- GLQ QXP UXO GH SURGXVH VDX P UIXUL GDX -15% din cifra de
afaceri ]RQD & GHFL GRX VXEJUXSH FDUH GDX PDL SX LQ GH MXP WDWH
din cifra de afaceri dar FDUH FRQFHQWUHD] PDMRULWDWHD SURGXVHORU
comercializate.
$FHDVW
FXUE
WHRUHWLF
DUH YDORDUH DWW VWDWLVWLF
FkW L LQGLFDWLY
VH FRPSDU
FX FHD WHRUHWLF
L VH GHSULQG FRQFOX]LLOH
respective.
2.9. Metode ale cercet rii opera ionale
6H
XWLOL]HD]
vQ
DGRSWDUHD
GHFL]LLORU
vQ
FD]XO
vQ
FDUH
LQWHUYLQ
XWLOL]HD]
vQ
FD]XO
UHOD LLORU
GH
WLS
VWRFDVWLF
GH
WLS
OLQLDU
cauzele
HVHQ LDOH
SHQWUX
UHDOL]DUHD
XQXL
GLDJQRVWLF
FRUHFW
HILFLHQW
0HWRGHOH
sunt metoda
FRPHQVXUDUHD
DVXSUD
FXDQWLILFDUHD
UH]XOWDWXOXL
HFRQRPLF
LQIOXHQ HORU
VH
HOHPHQWHORU
LQWHUSUHWHD]
VDX
UH]XOWDWHOH
vQ
R PHWRG
FDOLWDWLY
GH UHXQLUH vQWU
-un ansamblu
coerent a concluziilor rezultate din studiul factorial-cauzal al fenomenelor;
VH XWLOL]HD]
UHSUH]LQW
economico-ILQDQFLDU
PDWHULD
$QDOL]D
VH
SUHPLV
SULP
ED]HD]
SH
GH
HIHFWX
ED]
LQIRUPD LL
ULL
DQDOL]HL
SHQWUX
L
DQDOL]D
IXUQL]HD]
OD
ILQDQFLDUH
GH
SURILW
VH
L
RE LQ
GLQ
SLHUGHUL
GRFXPHQWHOH
DQH[H
$OWH
GH
VLQWH]
VXUVH
vQ
ELODQ XO
LQWHUQH
VXQW
%XFXUHWL
SUH XO
UHVXUVHORU
HWF
SHUIRUPDQ H
DOH
asigurate prin:
reviste, cotidiene, magazine, periodice;
de informare
WLLQ LILF
DJHQ LL UHJLRQDOH
L LQGXVWULH
DJHQ LL
6LVWHPH
RUJDQL]D LRQDOH
DOH
YDORDUHD
DFWLYLW
LQIRUPD LHL
LL
GH
DQDOL]
economico-ILQDQFLDU
([LVW
DQDOL]
HFRQRPLF
SXWHUQLFH
GH LQ
vQ
vQ
IXQF LH
FDGUXO
GH
ORU
VFRSXO
XQ
XUP ULW
FRPSDUWLPHQW
GH
VXELHFW
VSHFLDOL]DW
GH
LL GH
irmele
DQDOL]
DQDOL]
DFWLYLWDWHD
ILQDQFLDU
FRQVW
DQDOL]D SH ED]
GH
DQDOL]
HFRQRPLF
GHVI XUDW
GH
HVWH
UHDOL]DW
GH
ILHFDUH
vQ FRPSHWHQ D DFHVWRUD
FRPSDUWLPHQWXO
GH
DQDOL]
HFRQRPLFR
GH ELODQ
DGPLQLVWUD LH
GH
UHVSHFWLY
DGXQDUHD
DF LRQDULORU
LORU vQ IXQF
GLDJQRVWLFH
JOREDOH
vQ
ionarea ntreprinderii.
RUJDQLVPHOH
SURPRYDUHD
FUHDWH
GH
VSHFLDO
QRL
SHQWUX
SURGXVH
VROX LRQDUHD
VWXGLHUHD
XQRU
SUREOHPH
FRQFXUHQ HL
L VWXGLL GH IH]DELOLWDWH
etc.
OHJDWH
H[WLQG
GH
erea sau
RDU
DFWLYLW
VWDWXOXL FDUH
L GH DQDOL]
DQDOL]HD]
PRGXO
GH VWDELOLUH
unit
LOH
EDQFDUH
vQ
VSHFLDO
FX
RFD]LD
VROLFLW ULL
DFRUG ULL
GH
evaluare etc.
175(%
5,
1.
D vQWUHSULQGHULL
2.
3.
4.
'HILQL L SURFHVXO GH DQ
HFRQRPLFR
-financiare.
L FHD FDOLWDWLY
aliz economico-ILQDQFLDU
L HQXPHUD L HWDSHOH
acesteia.
5.
D IHQRPHQHORU HFRQRPLFH
GXS
3UH]HQWD L
UHOD LL
GLQWUH
UH]XOWDW
IDFWRUL
LGHQWLILFD L
FRQ LQXWXO
acestora.
7. Care este rolul analizei n eYDOXDUHD
economico-financiare ale ntreprinderii?
8.
9.
Q FH FRQVW
GH DQDOL]
LQGLFLORU
FD
SHUIRUPDQ HORU
FDOLWDWLY
UHJODUHD
FDOLWDWLY
FDQWLWDWLY
PHWRG
GH
DQDOL]
FDQWLWDWLY
H[HPSOH
SUH]HQWD L
GH
UDWH
DYDQWDMXO
XWLOL]DWH
XWLOL] ULL
vQ
DFHV
HFRQRPLF
DQDOL]D HFRQRPLFR-ILQDQFLDU
L
tora comparativ cu indicatorii
UHOD LLOH
GH
HFRQRPLF
FXDQWLILFDUH
H[SULPDWH
vQ
LQIOXHQ HORU
IDFWRULORU
FRQVW
FD]XO
XWLOL] ULL
vQ
21. Q
DEVROXWH
asupra unui
ULL
P ULPL
JHQHUDOL]DUHD
DQDOL]D FDOLWDWLY
VDX
HYDOXDUHD
UH]XOWDWHORU
FD
PHWRG
GH
D DFWLYLW
LL GH DQDOL]