1.

e
1 2
x ,x ( ) ( ) =
1 2
f x f x ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
=
1 2
f f x f f x = =
1 2 1 2
2x 2x x x , f 1 1.
x ( )
1
f x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )

= = =
1 1 1 1
1 1
f f f x 2f x f x f f f x f x
2 2
, e x .
f e
1 2
x ,x <
1 2
x x
( ) ( ) <
1 2
f x f x ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
< < >
1 2 1 2 1 2
f f x f f x 2x 2x x x
f f

= x 0 ( )( ) ( ) ( )
= = f f 0 2 0 f f 0 0 ( ) = x f 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = = = f f f 0 2f 0 f 0 2f 0 f 0 0

2. o = 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) | = +|+ f f f 0 2. e
1 2
x ,x ( ) ( ) =
1 2
f x f x ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = + + = + + =
1 2 1 2 1 2
f f x f f x f 0 x 2 f 0 x 2 x x f 1 1.
( )

| = o
1
f
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

o+ o = o + o + o = o + o
1 1 1
f f f f f 2 f 2 2 f f
f ( ) ( ) = f x f x ( ) = f 0 0.
o =| =0 ( ) ( ) ( ) = + f f 0 f 0 2 (1) ( ) ( ) = + = f 0 f 0 2 0 2

o = 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) | = +|+ f f f 0 2 ( ) | f
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | = + | + +|+ = + | + f f f f 0 f 2 f f 0 2 f 0 f 2
| = 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
+ = + + = + +
1
f f 0 2 2 f 0 f 2 2 f f 0 f 0 f 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + = + + = f 0 2 f 0 f 2 2 f 2 0

3. ( ) ( ) ( ) + =
2 2 2 2
f x 4xf x 4x 4x x f 4 x ( ) ( )
( ( =

2
2
f x 2x x 4 f 4 x ( ) 1
= x 0 ( )
( )
( )
(

= > s
2
2
f x 2x
4 f 4 x 0 f 4 x 4
x
= 4 x u,
( ) s f u 4 ( ) s f x 4 = x 0.
= x 0 ( ) 1 ( ) = f 0 0 ( ) s f x 4 e x .
= x 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) = =
2
f 4 16f 4 0 f 4 0 ( ) = f 4 16
= x 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + = =
2 2
f 2 4f 2 8f 2 f 2 4f 2 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = = f 2 f 2 4 0 f 2 0 ( ) = f 2 4 ( ) = f 0 0, ( ) = f 4 0
( ) = f 2 0 ( ) = f 2 4. ( ) ( ) s f x f 2 e x .



374
4. ( ) 1 ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= =

= = = =
f x 0 x f x
1 1 1
1 1 1
f x f x 1 f x f f x x
f x f f x f f x

( ) ( )
=
1
f f x
x
( ) 2
( ) 2
1
x

| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
1
f f x
x

( )

( | | | |
=
( | |
\ . \ .
1 1
1
f f f f x
x

( )
( )
( )
( )

| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
1
1
1 1 1 1
f f x f f x f 1
x x f x x
( ) 3
( ) 3 = x 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = = =
2
f 1 f 1 1 f 1 1 f 1 1
( ) = f 1 1
( ) = f 1 1
v
+ f > x 1
( ) ( )
( )
( )

< =
1
1
1
f x f 1 1
f x

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
v
+

< > < <

f
1 1
1
1
1 f x 1 f f x f 1 x 1
f x


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = = =
2
f 1 f 1 1 f 1 1 f 1 1 ( ) = f 1 1
( ) ( ) < f 1 f 1 , ( ) = f 1 1 ( ) = f 1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )

= = = = = =
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
f x x f f x f x f x x x f x x
x x f x
= =
2
x 1 x 1 = x 1 ( ) ( )

= =
1
f 1 1 f 1 1
= x 1.

5. ( ) ( ) = q 3f x 2x f x ( ) ( ) q s f x f x ( ) ( ) s 3f x 2x f x
( ) ( ) = q + 3f x f x 2x ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = q + s q + s + 3f x f x 2x f x 2x f x 2 x
( ) s 2 f x 2 x ( ) s f x x
( ) ( ) s s s f x x x f x x ( )

=
x 0
limf x 0.
( )
( )

q
q
= =
x 0 h 0
f x
h
lim lim 1
f x h


( ) ( )
( ) ( )
=
q
q = =
x 0
3f x f x
3f x f x 2x 2
x x

( ) ( )
( )
( ) q
=
3f x f x f x
2
x f x x
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
| | q
= =
|
|
q
\ .

f x f x f x
2
3 2
f x x f x x
3
f x

( )
( )
( )

| |
|
|
= = =
|
q
|
|
\ .
x 0 x 0
f x
2 2
lim lim 2
f x x 3 1
3
f x
.

6. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( + + = +

2 2 2
2f x g x 2x 2g x f x x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + + =
2 2 2
2f x 2f x g x g x 2x 2xg x 0 ( ) 2 .



375
( ) 2
( ) f x
( ) ( ) f x ,g x
A> 0
( ) ( ) ( )
( + >

2 2 2
4g x 8 g x 2xg x 2x 0
( ) ( ) ( ) + >
2 2 2
4g x 8g x 16xg x 16x 0 ( ) ( ) + >
2 2
4g x 16xg x 16x 0
( ) ( ) + s
2 2
g x 4xg x 4x 0 ( ) ( )
s
2
g x 2x 0 ( ) ( ) = = g x 2x 0 g x 2x, e x .
( ) 1 ( ) ( )
( + + = +

2 2 2
2f x 4x 2x 4x f x x
( ) ( ) + + = +
2 2 2 2
2f x 4x 2x 4xf x 4x ( ) ( ) + =
2 2
2f x 4xf x 2x 0
( ) ( ) + =
2 2
f x 2xf x x 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) = =
2
f x x 0 f x x , e x .
( ) =
2 2
f x x
( ) =
3 3
g x 8x .
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= = = =
2 2
2 3 2 3 3 3 6
f g x f g x g x 8x 64x ,

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(
= = =

3
3 2 3 2 2 6
g 2f x g 2f x 8 2x 64x , e x .
( )( ) ( ) ( )
(
=

2 3 3 2
f g x g 2f x e x .
f ( ) + 0, g ( ) ,2 ( ) =
2 2
f x x , > x 0
( ) =
3 3
g x 8x , < x 2.
2 3
f g
e

3
2
g
3
f
x A
g A ( )
< <


> >

3 3
x 2 x 2
g x 0 8x 0
<

>

x 2
x 0
( ) e x 0,2 ( ) 1 .
( )
( )
e
> > >
e

e < < < <

2
3
2f
2 2 2
g
x A
x 0 x 0 x 0
x 0,1
2f x A 1 x 1 2x 2 x 1
( ) 2
( ) 1 , ( ) 2 ( ) e x 0,1
f,g 1 1.
( ) = = f x y x y ( )

=
1
f y y , ( )

=
1
f x x , e x .
( ) = = =
y
g x y 2x y x
2
( )

=
1
y
g y
2
( )

=
1
x
g x
2
, e x

= =
1 1 1
f g g 2f
A A ,
( )( ) ( ) ( )

= =
1 1 1 1
x
f g x f g x
2
,
( )( ) ( ) ( )

= = =
1 1
2x
g 2f x g 2f x x
2

( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )

= = = = =
1 1 1
x 1
2 f g x 2 x f x g x g 2f x
2 2

( ) + + = + + =
821 821
f g x 1 0 x 2x 1 0 ( ) 3 . ( ) = + +
821
h x x 2x 1, e x .
.
| h .
( )

=
x
lim h x , ( )
+
= +
x
lim h x ( ) = h A ( ) e 0 h A e
1
x
( ) =
1
h x 0.

7. f (

2,10 .
( ) < f x 0 e (

x 2,10 ( ) ( ) ( ) < f 2 f 5 f 10 0
( ) > f x 0 e (

x 2,10



376
( ) > f x 5 e (

x 2,10
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
>

> >
`

>

)
f 2 5
f 5 5 f 2 f 5 f 125 125
f 10 5

> 125 125
( ) < f x 5 e (

x 2,10 < 125 125.
e (
1 2
x ,x 2,10 ( ) ( ) < <
1 2
f x 5 f x
f (
1 2
x ,x e (
0 1 2
x x ,x
( ) =
0
f x 5.

8. f ( ) = f x 0 e (

x 0,1 ( ) = > f 1 1 0 ( ) > f 0 0
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
< > <
1 2 1 2
1 2
1 1
x x f x f x
f x f x
> <
1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1
x x x x

( ) ( ) <
1 2
h x h x
.
| h
( )
( )
+ +

| |
= + =
|
|
\ .
x 0 x 0
1 1
limh x lim 3
f x x
( ) ( ) > = f 0 f 1 1 ( )e f 0
( )
( )


| |
= + =
|
|
\ .
x 1 x 1
1 1
limh x lim 3 3
f 1 1
( ) ( ) = h A ,3
( ) = h x 0 ( ) e 0 ,3 .

9. =
2
:x
x 0
( ) ( )
| |
q | |
+ =
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
2
2
2
f x f x
x
2
x x x


( ) ( )

(
| | (
q | |
(
+ =
| (
|
|
(
\ .
\ .

2
2
2
x 0 x 0
f x f x
x
lim lim 2
x x x
( ) + = =
2
2
L 1 2L L 1 0 = L 1

( ) ( )
( )

( q q
q
= = =
(
q
(

2
x 0 x 0
f x f x
x 1
lim lim 1 1 1
x x x 1 1 x x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
+ = q = q
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
f x 2xf x x x x f x x x x
( ) = q
2 2 2
h x x x . q s x x q >
2 2
x x 0 q =
2 2
x x 0
= x 0 ( ) h x = x 0 ( ) ,0 ,
( ) 0,
( ) = q
2 2
h x x x ( ) = q
2 2
h x x x
( )

q <

= =

q >

2 2
2 2
x x , x 0
h x 0 , x 0
x x , x 0
( )

q <

= =

q >

2 2
2 2
x x ,x 0
h x 0 ,x 0
x x ,x 0


10. ( ) ( ) = g x f x 2x , e (

x 0,1 ( ) ( ) = g 0 f 0 , ( ) ( ) = g 1 f 1 2.
= x 0 ( ) < < 0 f 0 1 = x 1 ( ) ( ) < < < < 1 f 1 2 1 f 1 2 0
Bolzano



377
e
1 2
x ,x <
1 2
x x ( ) ( ) >
1 2
h x h x
( ) ( ) ( ) + = =
x x
e 2f x 2e f x 0 h x 0.
( )
( )
= >
1
h 0 0
f 0
,
( )
( )
= + <
1 2
h 1 2 0
f 1 e
Bolzano

1
x
:

| | | |
< < + < < +
| |
\ . \ .
4
x
2 4 2 4
2 2
1 1 1 1
f 1 x x f x x
x x x x

| |
=
|
\ .
4
x 0
1
limx f 0
x

| | | |
q s
| |
\ . \ .
4 4
1 1 1
x f x f
x x x
| | | | | |
s q s
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
4 4 4
1 1 1 1
x f x f x f
x x x x

| | | |
q =
| |
\ . \ .
4
x 0
1 1
lim x f 0
x x
.
( ) ( )
+

= =
x 0 x 0
lim lnx lim lnx ,

( | |
q + =
( |
\ .
4
x 0
1 1
lim x f lnx
x x


11. = x 0:
( )
( ) q k
= ouv
3
x
1
f x x
x x

-

0 .
( )
( )
( )

( q k
= k ouv = k = =
(
k

3
x 0 x 0
x
1
limf x lim x 1 0 f 0 4
x x
k = 4

ouv =
3
x 0
1
limx 0
x


q
q q
= s s s
x
x 1 1 x 1
x x x x x x

q
=
x
x
lim 0
x
.

=

| | | |
ouv = ouv =
| |
\ . \ .
1
u
x
3
3
x u 0
1 1
lim x lim u
x u
( )

= +
x
lim f x ( )
+
=
x
lim f x
( )

= +
x
lim f x < 0 ( ) > f 0.
( )
+
=
x
lim f x o > 0 ( ) o < f 0 Bolzano...

12. ( ) ( ) ( )
= =
2 x
h x f x e 1 0 ( ) =
2 x
f x e 0 f
( ) ( )

2 x
f x e
( ) ( ) > >
2 x 2 x
f x e 0 f x e = x 0 ( ) >
2
f 0 1
( ) ( ) ( ) < < < <
2 x x x x
f x e 0 f x e e f x e ( )

=
x
lim f x 0
( )
( )
=

2 x
1
h x
f x e
( ) h x
( )
( )

= =

2 x
x x
1
lim h x lim
f x e
( ) ( )

= =
2 x
x
lim f x e 0 0 0 ( ) <
2 x
f x e 0



378

( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ( = + + +

x x
g x x 1 e x h x e x f x 1 x
( ) ( ) ( )
= + > g 0 h 0 1 0 ( )
( )
( )
( )
+ = + = <

2
2 2
f 0
1
h 0 1 1 0
f 0 1 f 0 1

( )
+
=
x
lim g x o > 0 ( ) o < g 0.
( ) ( ) o < g 0 g 0 Bolzano...

13.
( )
( )
o =
f x 5
x
x
, = x 0
( )

o =
x 0
lim x 4 ( ) ( ) = o + f x x x 5
( )
+

=
x 0
lim f x 5
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
<
q
q s s > >

x 1
2
x 1
x 1
2 x 1 x 1 f x x 1 2 f x
x 1
( ) +

x 1
x 1

( )

=
x 1
limf x 2.
h
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
+

= = +
x 1 x 0
h A limh x , limh x 2,

( )
=
f x 4
e x ( ) e
0
x 0,1 .
( )
( )
=
f x 4
x e x .
v
+ ( ) 0,1 ( )
+

=
x 0
lim x e,
( )

=
2
x 1
lim x e 1
( )
| |
=
|
\ .
2
1
A 1,e
e
( ) e 0 A

( ) ( )
= =
f x f x 4 4
xe e e xe e .
( )
( )
e =
f x 4
x e xe , ( ) e x 0,1
v
+

| |

|
\ .
2
1
e ,e
e


< > >
2
2
1
e 0 e e 2
e

>
2
1
e 0
e
s 2

14. i. =
0
y x ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) s s s
0 0 0 0 0
f x f x x x x x f x f x x x

=
0
0
x x
lim x x 0 ( ) ( )

=
0
0
x x
lim f x f x .
ii. =
1 2
x x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= +

1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
h x h x f x f x
4
x x x x
.
( ) ( )
s

1 2
1 2
f x f x
1
x x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
+

s s s s

4
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
f x f x h x h x
1 1 3 5
x x x x

( ) ( )
>

1 2
1 2
h x h x
0
x x

.
| h
iii. ( ) = < h 0 1 0. = y 0 ( ) ( ) s f x f 0 x
( ) ( ) s s s f x x x f x x ( ) + s + s + x 4x 1 f x 4x 1 x 4x 1
= x 1 ( ) s s 2 h 1 4 ( ) > h 1 0 Bolzano (

0,1
> x 0
i. ( )
( ) ( )
s s s s
2 2
f x f x
1 1 1
f x x
x x x x x
+
=
x
1
lim 0
x

( )
+
=
2
x
f x
lim 0
x




379
ii.
( )
( )
( )
( )
+ +
+
+
= =
+
+
2
2
2
x x
2
f x
3 4
3x 4f x
x
lim lim 3
x f x f x
1
x


15. k =e x = ke x e0
( )
e e e
( ( ( t t t t | | | | | |
q ke = q t e = q e = =
( ( ( | | |
e k e k e k k
\ . \ . \ .
0 0 0
1 1 1
lim lim lim ...

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
t t | | | |
q > k k s q
| |
k k
\ . \ .
x f x xf x x f x x
> k x ( )
t | |
q
|
k
\ .
s
k
x
f x
x

( ) ( )
+ +
k k
t | |
q
|
t k
\ .
s k s
k k
x x
x
lim f x lim f
x

< k x ( )
t | |
q
|
k
\ .
>
k
x
f x
x

( ) ( )
+ +
k k
t | |
q
|
t k
\ .
> k >
k k
x x
x
lim f x lim f
x

( )
t
k =
k
f .

( ) ( )
t | |
> k q
|
k
\ .
xf x f x x = x 0 ( ) ( )
>
s s
k 3
kf 0 0 f 0 0.
( ) = f 0 0 f.
( ) = f 0 0 ( ) < f 0 0, ( )
t
k = > f 0
k
Bolzano (

0,k f .

16. 3,3 ( ) = f x 0 f ( ) = f x 0
( ) e x 3,3 ( ) > f 0 0 ( ) > f x 0 ( ) e x 3,3
( ) ( ) ( ) = + +
4 2
g x f 2 f x 5x x 17 ( )
+
=
x
lim g x .
( ) > f 2 0 ( )
( )
( )
( = +

4 2
1
f x g x 5x x 17
f 2
( )
+
=
x
lim f x
( )
+
=
x
lim f x ( ) e + 4, ( ) < f 0 ( ) > f 4 0
Bolzano ( ) = f x 0 ( ) 4, .

17. f =
0
x 0 ( ) ( )

=
x 0
limf x f 0 .
= x 0 ( ) 1 ( )
( )
+ =
f 0
f 1 e 1
( ) f 0 .
( )
( )
( )

+ +
(
+ = =

f x x x
x x
lim f e e lim e 0.
( )
( )
( )
+
+
= = =
x
lim f x
f x 0
x
lim e e e 1
( )

+
x
x
lim f e

=
x
e u + x u 0
( ) ( ) ( )

+
= =
x
x u 0
lim f e limf u f 0 .
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

+ +
(
+ = = + = =

f x x x
x x
lim f e e lim e 0 f 0 1 0 f 0 1.



380
( )
( )
+ =
f 0
f 1 e 1 ( ) ( )

+ = =
1 1
f 1 e 1 f 1 1 e
( ) ( ) = + + h x 2f x 2x 1, e (

x 0,1 .
( ) ( ) = + = + = < h 0 2f 0 1 2 1 1 0
( ) ( )

= + + = + = >
1
2
h 1 2f 1 2 1 2 2e 3 5 0
e
( ) ( ) < h 0 h 1 0 h
(

0,1 ( ) = h x 0
( ) 0,1 .

( ) ( ) = +
1
g x f x
2e
, e (

x 0,1 . g (

0,1 .
( ) ( ) = + = + <
1 1
g 0 f 0 1 0
2e 2e
,
( ) ( ) = +
1
g 1 f 1
2e
.
( )
( )
( ) ( ) + = + = =
f 0 0 0
1 1
f e e e f 1 1 f 1 1
e e
( ) = + >
1 1
g 1 1 0
e 2e

( ) e
0
x 0,1 ( ) =
0
g x 0 ( ) =
0
1
f x
2e


18.
( ) ( )

+ =
+
= =
+
u 0
x 2 u 0 x 2 u
x 2 u
lim 2 lim 2
f x 2 f u
.
( )
( )
( ) ( ) = =
u
g u g u f u u
f u
( ) 1 f ( )

e
u 0
limf u ,
( ) ( )

=
u 0 u 0
limg u limf u 0 ( ) ( )

= =
u 0
limf u 0 f 0

( )
( )

= =
u 0 u 0
f u
u 1
lim 2 lim
f u u 2

( ) ( )

( q q
q
= = =
(
q

x 0 x 0
f x f x
x 1 1
lim lim 1
x x x 2 2

( ) ( )
q =

q
= =
q
x u
x 0 u 0
f x f u
1
lim lim
x u 2

( ) ( ) = + h x f x x 1, e (

x 0,1 . ( ) = > h 0 1 0, ( ) ( ) = < h 1 f 1 0
( ) ( )
v
+
> < =
f
1 0 f 1 f 0 0 ( ) ( ) < h 0 h 1 0 ( ) e
0
x 0,1
( ) =
0
h x 0. ( ) e
1 2
x ,x 0,1 <
1 2
x x ( ) ( ) >
1 2
f x f x + > +
1 2
x 1 x 1
( ) ( ) >
1 2
h x h x h
0
x

19. ( ) -ue + 0, ( ) u = f 0.
= u x = y 1 ( )
u +
u = u =
u
2
2
1
f 0 1
( ) = f x 0 ( ) e + x 0,
( )
+
= +
x
lim f x , ( ) -oe + 0, : ( ) o > f 0 ( ) > f x 0 > x 0.
( ) 1 = = x y 1 ( ) = f 1 2 ( ) = f 1 1 ( ) = f 1 2
( ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( )
+
= = = +
2
x 1 1
y 1 f x 2f x f x x
x x


t t
+ouv + = + = ouv
1 1
x 1 0 x 1
x x x x
.



381
+ >
1
x 2
x
( ) e + x 0, ( ) = f 1 2 = x 1
t
ouv s 1 2
x

+ =

=
`
t

ouv =

)
1
x 2
x
x 1
1 2
x


20. ( ) > g x 0 ( ) { }
= e >
f
D x / g x 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
v
+
< > > >
f
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
x x f x f x ln g x ln g x g x g x
v
+ g
< < < 3 4 5 6 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) > > > g 3 g 4 g 5 g 6
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
+ +
( (
| | | | | | | |
( (
+ +
| | | |
| | | |
( (
| | \ . \ . \ . \ .


=
| `
|
( (
| | | | | | | | \ .
( (
+ + + +
| | | |
| | | |
( (
\ . \ . \ . \ .
)
x x x x
x
x
x x x x
x x
x
g 4 g 5 g 4 g 5
g 3 1 1
g 3 g 3 g 3 g 3
g 3
lim lim
g 4
g 6 g 5 g 6 g 5
g 4 1 1
g 4 g 4 g 4 g 4
= +

( )
( )
+
| |
= +
|
|
\ .
x
x
g 3
lim
g 4

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
+ + + +
| | | | | | | |
= = = =
| | | |
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
x x x x
x x x x
g 4 g 5 g 6 g 5
lim lim lim lim 0
g 3 g 3 g 4 g 4

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

(
| | | |
(
+
| |
| |
(
\ . \ .

=
(
| | | | | |
(
+ + +
| | |
| | |
(
\ . \ . \ .

x x
x
x x x
x
x
g 3 g 4
g 5 1
g 5 g 5
lim 0
g 5 g 5 g 4
g 6 1
g 6 g 6 g 6

( ) ( ) = h x f x ln2, ) e +

x 1, . ( ) ( ) = = = > h 1 f 1 ln2 ln4030 ln2 ln2015 0.

( )
+
=
x
lim f x ( )
+
=
x
lim h x o >1 ( ) o < h 0,
( ) ( ) o < h 1 h 0 h ( ) = h x 0
( ) ( ) o _ + 1, 1, . h
v
+ ( ) o 1, ,
0
x

21. ( ) ( ) + = + +
3 5
f x 5f x x 3x 1
( ) ( ) ( )
+ = + +
2 5
f x f x 5 x 3x 1 ( )
( )
+ +
=
+
5
2
x 3x 1
f x
f x 5
.
= x 0 ( )
( )
= >
+
2
1
f 0 0
f 0 5
= x 1 ( )
( )

= <
+
2
3
f 1 0
f 1 5
,
( ) ( ) < f 0 f 1 0 f (

1,0 Bolzano
( ) = f x 0 ( ) 1,0 f

f 1 1
( ) =
0
f x 0 ( )
0
K x ,0
f
C ( )
0
M 0,x
1
f .



382
f
( ) ( )

=
1
f x f x ( ) = f x x.
( ) 1
+ = + + + =
3 5 5 3
x 5x x 3x 1 x x 2x 1 0.
( ) = +
5 3
h x x x 2x 1, e (

x 0,1 ( ) = > h 0 1 0, ( ) = < h 1 1 0 h
(

0,1 Bolzano ( ) = h x 0 + =
5 3
x x 2x 1 0
( ) 0,1 .

22. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= = + =
2
2 2
f x 1 2xf x f x x x 1 0 ( ) 1 ( ) f x x
= x 0 ( ) ( ) = =
2
f 0 1 f 0 1
( ) ( )
( )
+ + +
+
= =
+
4 3 4
3 2 3
x x x
f 0 x 5x 2 f 0 x
lim lim lim f 0 x
x 2x x 3 x

( )
+
+
= +
+
4 3
3 2
x
f 0 x 5x 2
lim
x 2x x 3
( ) > f 0 0 ( ) = f 0 1
( ) = > f 0 0 1 0 ( ) > f x x 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) = + = + +
2 2
1 f x x x 1 f x x 1 x

( )
( )

+
= + + = = =
| |
+
+
|
|
\ .
2 2
2
2 x x x x
2
x 1 x 1
lim f x lim x 1 x lim lim 0
1 x 1 x
x 1 1
x


23. f ( ) = f x 0 e (

x 9,12 f
(

9,12 ( ) > f 9 0 ( ) > f x 0 e (

x 9,12 .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) =
2
g x f x f 9 f 10 , e (

x 9,10 .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( = =

2
g 9 f 9 f 9 f 10 f 9 f 9 f 10
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( = =

2
g 10 f 10 f 9 f 10 f 10 f 9 f 10 .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( = s

2
g 9 g 10 f 9 f 10 f 9 f 10 0
( ) ( ) = g 9 g 10 0 ( ) = g 9 0 ( ) = g 10 0 =
1
x 9 =
1
x 10
( ) ( ) < g 9 g 10 0 g (

9,10 olzano
( ) e
1
x 9,10 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = =
2
1 1
g x 0 f x f 9 f 10
Bolzano ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) =
2
g x f x f 11 f 12 (

11,12 .
( ) ( ) =
2 2
1 2
f x f x ( ) > f x 0 ( ) ( ) =
1 2
f x f x =
1 2
x x e (
1
x 9,10
e (
2
x 11,12 f 1 1.

24. f (

1,3 g
s s s s

s + s s s

1 x 3 1 x 3
1 x 1 3 0 x 2
s s 1 x 2 = (
g
A 1,2 .
( ) ( ) ( ) = + g 1 f 1 f 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) = + g 2 f 2 f 3 .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + + = + = f 1 2f 2 f 3 0 f 2 f 3 f 1 f 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= + g 2 f 1 f 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= + s
2
g 1 g 2 f 1 f 2 0



383
( ) ( ) < g 1 g 2 0 g (

1,2 Bolzano,
( ) e 1,2 ( ) = g 0 ( ) ( ) + = f 1 f .
( ) ( ) ( ) = = g 1 g 2 0 g 1 0 ( ) = g 2 0 =1 = 2.
e (

1,2 ( ) = g 0 ( ) ( ) + = f 1 f .
f (

1,3 e m,M
( ) s s m f x M
e (

x 1,3 ( ) s s m f 1 M, ( ) s s m f 2 M, ( ) s s m f 3 M
( ) ( ) ( ) s + + s 3m f 1 f 2 f 3 3M.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + + = + + = f 1 2f 2 f 3 0 f 1 f 2 f 3 f 2 ( ) s s 3m f 2 3M
( )
s s
f 2
m M
3
.
( )

f 2
3
f
e (
0
x 1,3
( )
( )
=
0
f 2
f x
3
.

25. ( ) ( ) = > = f 2 6 f 2 1 f
( )
= ( (

f 2,2 1,6 .
< k 1 > k 6 e (

k 1,6 ( ) = f x k
e (

k 1,6 ( ) = f x k
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
v
+
< < < < = > > > > =
f
2 1 0 1 2 6 f 2 f 1 f 0 f 1 f 2 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) < < < < 4f 2 4f 1 4f 2 4 4f 1 24, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) < < < < 3f 2 3f 0 3f 2 3 3f 0 18
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) < < < < 2f 2 2f 1 2f 2 2 2f 1 12
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) + +
< + + < < <
4f 1 3f 0 2f 1
9 4f 1 3f 0 2f 1 54 1 6
9

( ) ( ) ( ) + + 4f 1 3f 0 2f 1
9
f
f ( ) e 2,2
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) + +
=
4f 1 3f 0 2f 1
f
9
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = + + 9f 4f 1 3f 0 2f 1

26.
v
+ f e
1 2
x ,x <
1 2
x x ( ) ( ) >
1 2
f x f x .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
<
1 2
f f x f f x ( ) ( ) <
1 2
f x f x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) < < >
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
1 1
f f x f x f f x f x 1 x 1 x x x
4 4

.
| f .
( ) ( ) = h x f x x , ( ) ( ) = > h 0 f 0 0, ( ) ( ) = h 4 f 4 4
= x 4: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = = f f 4 f 4 f 4 4 ( ) ( ) = < h 4 4 1 0 Bolzano
(

0,4 .
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
= + = +
:x
f f x f x
1 1 1
f f x f x x 1
4 x x 4 x
( ) 2

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
+ +
| |
| = = o o = o
|
\ .
2
x x
f f x f f x f x
lim lim
x f x x




384

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
>
= =
x 0
f f x f x
1 1 1
f f x f x 1 x
4 x x x 4


( ) ( ) ( )
+ +
(
| |
= o o = o = (
|
\ . (

2
x x
f f x f x
1 1 1 1
lim lim
x x x 4 4 2


27. ( ) ( ) + =
3
f x 3f x 2x 1 ( ) 1 . =
0
x x ( ) ( ) + =
3
0 0 0
f x 3f x 2x 1 ( ) 2 .
( ) 1 , ( ) 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + =
3 3
0 0 0
f x f x 3f x 3f x 2x 2x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + + + =
2 2
0 0 0 0
f x f x f x f x f x f x 3 2 x x .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + +
2 2
0 0
f x f x f x f x ( ) f x
( ) A = s
2
0
3f x 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + + >
2 2
0 0
f x f x f x f x 0 e x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + + + > >
2 2
0 0
f x f x f x f x 3 3 0 e x .
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

=
+ + +
0
0 2 2
0 0
2 x x
f x f x
f x f x f x f x 3


( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

=
+ + +
0
0
2 2
0 0
2 x x
f x f x
f x f x f x f x 3
( ) 3
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + + + > + + + >
2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0
f x f x f x f x 3 3 f x f x f x f x 3 3
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

s s
+ + + + + +
0 0
2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0
2 x x 2 x x
1 1
3 3
f x f x f x f x 3 f x f x f x f x 3

( ) 3
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

= s
+ + +
0 0
0
2 2
0 0
x x 2 x x
f x f x
3
f x f x f x f x 3

( ) ( )

s s
0 0
0
2 x x 2 x x
f x f x
3 3
.

=
0
0
x x
2 x x
lim 0
3

| |
=
|
|
\ .
0
0
x x
2 x x
lim 0
3

( ) ( ) ( )

=
0
0
x x
lim f x f x 0 .
e
1 2
x ,x <
1 2
x x ( ) ( ) >
1 2
f x f x ( ) ( ) >
3 3
1 2
f x f x ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + > +
3 3
1 1 2 2
f x 3f x f x 3f x > >
1 2 1 2
2x 1 2x 1 x x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
+ = = <
+
2
2
1
f 0 f 0 3 1 f 0 0
f 0 3

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
+ = = >
+
2
2
1
f 1 f 1 3 1 f 1 0
f 1 3
olzano f
( ) e 0,1 ( ) = f 0.
( ) ( ) < u < = f 0 f 0 ( ) e 0, ( ) = u f .

28. = x 1: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = = f f 1 f 1 2 f 3 5.
( )
( )

+
= = =
+ +
5 3
5
4 4
x x x
f 1 x 2x 3
3x 3
lim lim lim x
5 f 3 x 4x 2 5x




385
f
( ) = f 6 8 ( ) ( ) < < f 3 7 f 6
( ) e
0
x 3,6 :
( ) =
0
f x 7
( ) ( ) = ouv t = + > h 3 3f 3 50 3 3 5 50 0, ( ) ( ) = ouv t = = < h 6 6f 6 50 6 6 8 50 2 0
olzano...
f (

1,6 e m,M
( ) s s m f x M
e (

x 1,6 ( ) s s 3m 3f 2 3M, ( ) s s 2m 2f 4 2M, ( ) s s 4m 4f 5 4M
( ) ( ) ( ) + +
s s
3f 2 2f 4 4f 5
m M
9
e (
0
x 1,6
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) + +
=
0
3f 2 2f 4 4f 5
f x
9


29.
( ) ( )
= o + o + = o + >
2
2 2x x x
f x 4 4 2 0 ( ) = f x 0

( ) = f 0 3 ( ) < f x 0 ( ) = o
x
f x 2.

( )
+ + +

o
= =
+ +
x
x
x x
x x x x
x x x
4
3f x 4
3 6 4
lim lim lim
2 3 5 4 2 3 5 4
o | |

|
\ .
x
3
4
| |
|

|
|
\ .
0
x
x
6
1
4
4
| |
|
\ .
x
3
2
4
=
| |
|
+
|
|
\ .
0
1
5
5


( )

| |
| |
o |
|
|
o o
\ .
o
\ .
= = =
+ + | |
| |
+ |
|
|
\ .
\ .
x
x
x
x
x x
x x x x x
x x x
x
6 4
3
3f x 4
3 6 4
lim lim lim
3 3 6 4 3 3 6 4
4
3 3 6
3

| |

|
o o
o \ . | |
|
\ .
x
x x
x
6 4
3
lim
3
| |
+
|
\ .
0
x
4
3 6
3
=
0
A
( ) oe 1,3

= +
o
x
x
6
lim = A . ( ) oe 0,1

=
o
x
x
6
lim 0 = A
o =1 = A .

30. e
1 2
x ,x <
1 2
x x ( ) ( ) >
1 2
f x f x ( ) ( ) >
3 3
1 2
f x f x ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + > + > >
3 3
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
f x f x f x f x 3x 1 3x 1 x x
f - ( ) = f x y ( )

=
1
x f y
( ) ( )

= + +
1 3
1
f y y y 1
3
( ) ( )

= + +
1 3
1
f x x x 1
3
, e x
( ) ( ) > >
3 3
f x x f x x ( ) ( ) + > + > +
3 3 3
f x f x x x 3x 1 x x
( )( ) ( )
| |
+
+ < + < e +
|
|
\ .
3 2
1 5 1 5
x 2x 1 0 x 1 x x 1 0 ... x , 1,
2 2




386
27.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

= = = + =
1 1
2 2 2 2
f f x f x 3x 0 f f x f x 3x f x x 3x f x x 3x 0
( ) ( ) = +
2
g x f x x 3x, e (

x 0,1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
+ = = <
+
2
2
1
f 0 f 0 1 1 f 0 0
f 0 1
,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
+ = = >
+
2
2
1
f 1 f 1 1 2 f 1 0
f 1 1



( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

=
+ + +
0
0 2 2
0 0
3 x x
f x f x
f x f x f x f x 1
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

=
+ + +
0
2 2
0 0 0
f x f x
3
x x f x f x f x f x 1


( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

= =
+ + + + 0 0
0
2 2 2
x x x x
0 0 0 0
f x f x
3 3
lim lim
x x f x f x f x f x 1 3f x 1

( ) ( )

= + + =
1 3
1 1
f 0 0 0 1
3 3

( ) ( ) ( )
'
= +
1 2
1
f x 3x 1
3
( ) ( )
'
=
1
1
f 0
3

= = +
1 1 1 1
y x y x
3 3 3 3

( ) ( ) ( )
.
|
< < < <
f
0 x 1 f 0 f x f 1
( ) ( ) ( ) < < f 0 f 0,1 f 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) < < f 0 f 0,01 f 1 ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) < + < 2f 0 f 0,1 f 0,01 2f 1
( )
( ) ( )
( )
+
< <
f 0,1 f 0,01
f 0 f 1
2
( ) e 0,1
( )
( ) ( ) +
=
f 0,1 f 0,01
f
2
( ) ( ) ( ) = + 2f f 0,1 f 0,01
.
| f
i.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
+ = + =
3 2
f 2 f 2 5 f 2 f 2 1 5, ( ) > f 2 0
( ) ( ) ( )
+ + +
+
= = =
+
3 2 3
4 2 4
x x x
f 2 x x 1821 f 2 x f 2
lim lim lim 0
x x 4x 1 x

ii. ( ) = f x y ( )

=
1
x f y x 1 ( ) y f 1 .
( ) ( ) ( )

= = = =
1 1
f 1 k f k 1 f 1 1
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )

+ + +
+ +
= = =

+ +
3
1
1
x 1 x 1 y 1
3
1
3y 6 y y 1 3
3f x 6x 3 3y 6f y 3
3
lim lim lim
1
x 1 f y 1
y y 1 1
3
( )

+ +
=
+
3
3
y 1 y 1
y 1
2y y 1
3lim 3lim
y y 2
( )
( )

2
2y 2y 1
y 1
( )
=
+ +
2
15
4
y y 2


31.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
=
q
+ = q + =
3 2
3
x 0
3 2 3
3 3 3
f x 3x f x
4 x
f x 3x f x 4 x
x x x

( ) ( )

(
| | q
+ = + = =
( |
( \ .

3 2
3
3
3 3 3
x 0 x 0
f x 3x f x
4 x
lim lim 3 4 1
x x x

i.
( ) ( )

| | q q
q
= = =
|
|
q
\ .
x 0
f x f x
x
lim lim 1 1 1
x x x




387
ii. ( )
( )

| |
= = =
|
|
\ .
x 0 x 0
f x
limf x lim x 0 1 0
x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

= = =
x 0 x 0
f f x f f x f x
lim lim 1 1 1
x x x

iii.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )

= =
+ +
2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
x 2 x 2 x 2
f x 2x f x 2x f x 2x
x x 2
x 2x
lim lim lim
x 2 x 3 x 5x 6 x 2x x 5x 6 x 2x
= =

2
1 2
1

( )
( )

' = = =
x 0
f x
f 0 lim 1
x
, : = y x

+ =
=

2 2
x y 8
x 2
y x
= y 2 = x 2 = y 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
'
'
' ' + = + =
2 2
x t y t 8 2x t x t 2y t y t 0. ( )
' = y t 1cm/ s

32. ( ) e +
1 2
x ,x 0, <
1 2
x x >
1 2
2 x 2 x , >
1 2
lnx lnx ,
( ) ( ) >
1 2
f x f x f
( ) ( )

= =
1 1
f x f 1 x 1
( ) ( )
v
+
+ > < < < >
f
x lnx 1 x lnx 1 2 x lnx 1 f x f 1 x 1
( ) = > f 1 1 0 ( ) = < f e 1 e 0
( )
' =
1
x
, ( )
' =
( ) ( )( )
' = = + y f 1 f 1 x 1 y 2x 3.
( ) A 0,3
| |
|
\ .
3
B ,0
2
. ( ) = =
1 3 9
OAB 3
2 2 4

f 1 1 ( ) ( )

=
1
f f x x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
'
'
=
1
f f x x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

| | ' '
' = =
|
\ .
1 1
1
f f x f x 1 f 2 x lnx 1 1
x

= x 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
' '
= =
1 1
1
f 1 1 1 1 f 1
2

i.
( )

=
x 0 x 0
f x 2
2
lim lim
x
x lnx 2

| |
= = +
|
\ .
x 0
1
lim 1 lnx
x x

+

= +
x 0
1
lim
x
,
+

=
x 0
limlnx
ii.
( ) ( ) ( )
( )

+
+
' = = = = =

x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
f x x 2 h x h 1
2 x lnx x 2 lnx ln1
lim lim lim lim h 1 1
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1

( ) = h x lnx , ( )
' =
1
h x
x
( )
' = h 1 1


33. e
1 2
x ,x <
1 2
x x ( ) ( ) >
1 2
f x f x .

( ) ( )
>
1 2
f x f x
e e
( )
( )
( )
( ) + > +
1 2
f x f x
1 2
e f x e f x >
1 2
x x
( ) ( ) <
1 2
f x f x f .



388
f -1.
( ) ( )

= = +
1 x
f x y ....... f x e x, e x

f
C
1
f
C
1
f
C = y x ,
( )

> + > >

1 x x
f x x e x x e 0
( ) = f x y ( )

=
1
x f y x 1 ( )

1
f y 1 y 0.
( )
( )

= = = =
+
+
1 y y
x 1 y 0 y 0 y 0
f x
y y 1 1
lim lim lim lim
x 1 2 f y 1 e y 1 e 1
1
y

( ) =
x
g x e
( )

' = =
x
x 0
e 1
g 0 1 lim
x

( ) ( )

=
1
f f x x ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
'
' ' = + + =
1 1 x x
f f x f x 1 f e x e 1 1 = x 0
( ) ( )
' ' = =
1
f 1 2 1 f 1
2
. ( ) ( )

= =
1
f 0 1 f 1 0
( ) ( )( )
' = =
1 1
y f 1 f 1 x 1 y x
2 2


34. = = x y 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) = =
2
f 0 f 0 f 0 1 ( ) = f 0 0
v = 2 ( ) ( ) =
2
f 2x f x = y x
. v = k.
v = k+1 ( ) ( ) ( )
k+
k+ =
1
f 1 x f x .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
k k+
k+ = k + = k = =
1
f 1 x f x x f x f x f x f x f x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

+ = = = =
h 0 h 0 h 0
limf x h lim f x f h f x limf h f x f 0 f x
f =
0
x 0 ( )
( ) ( )

' =
x 0
f x f 0
f 0 lim
x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

+
' = = =
h 0 h 0 h 0
f x f h 1 f x h f x f x f h f x
lim lim lim f x f 0
h h h

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

+ = + =
1 1 1
f f x y f f x f y x y f f x f y ( ) 1
( ) ( )

= =
1
f x k x f k , ( ) ( )

= =
1
f y y f ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

+ =
1 1 1
1 f k f f k

35. = x 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) = + = f 1 2f 1 2 f 1 2

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
'
'
' ' = + = +
3 2 3
f x 2x 2f x 2x 3x 2 f x 2x 2f x 2
= x 1: ( ) ( ) ( )
' ' ' = + =
2
f 1 2f 1 2 f 1
3

( )
( )

+
' = =
+
x 1
f x 2
2
f 1 lim
x 1 3
( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
+
= = +
+
f x 2
g x f x g x x 1 2
x 1
, = x 1
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

+ + + + +
=
+
2 2
x 1 x 1
x 1 x 1 x 1 g x x 1 2 4
lim lim
x 1
( )
+
g x
x 1
( ) ( ) +

2 x 1 x 1
+ x 1
(
(
=
(


= + =
2 16
2 4
3 3




389

( ) ( )
' '
( ( + =

3 3
f 5x 2 f 2x 4 3x 6
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
' ' + + =
2 2
15f 5x 2 f 5x 2 6f 2x 4 f 2x 4 3
= x 2: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
' ' =
2 2
15f 8 f 8 6f 8 f 8 3 ( ) ( ) =
2 2
30f 8 12f 8 3
( ) =
2
1
f 8
6


36. f
( ) = f x 0 e o | (

x , f
o | (

,
( ) ( )
( ) o+|
o+| | |
o | = >
|
\ .
3
f f f 0
2 8
( ) ( )
o+| | |
o |
|
\ .
f ,f ,f
2

( ) > f x 0 e o | (

x , .

( ) ( )
.
|
o+| o+| | |
o < <| o < < |
|
\ .
f
f f f
2 2

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
o+| | |
o < o | < |
|
\ .
3 3
f f f f f
2

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
o+|
o+|
o < < | o < < |
3
3 3
f f f f
8 2

( ) e o |
0
x ,
( )
o+|
=
0
f x
2
.
i.
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
+ +
q
o+| +
o+| +q o+|
o+| | |
= = = |
|
o o +
\ .
o +
3
3 3
3
3
3 2
x x
3
x
x x
x
lim lim f f
5 7
8f 2 8f x 5x 7
8f
x x

q q
s s s
3 3 3 3 3
x 1 1 x 1
x x x x x
,
+ +
| |
|
= =
|
\ .
3 3
x x
1 1
lim lim 0
x x
,
+
q
=
3
x
x
lim 0
x

ii.
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
+ + +
o+ | o+ | o+ | | | | | | |
o |
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
= = = +
| | + o | |
4 3 4
3 2 3
x x x
2 2 2
f x f x 2f f x f x
3 3 3
lim lim lim
f f x f x f x


37.
| |
e = +
|
|
\ .
1 2 f
z
x ,x D ,
4
, <
1 2
x x ( ) ( ) <
1 2
f x f x .
( ) ( ) ( )
.
|

= = = = +
f
1
f x f x f x x 4x z z x 4x z x z
( )
+ + + =
2
2
x 2 z 2 x z z 0 ( ) 1 .
1
f
f
C ,C ( ) 1
( )
( )
A = + = =
2 2 4
0 4 z 2 4 z z 0 ... z
5
.
=
4
z
5
z
4
5
A,B
1 2
z ,z ,
= =
1 2
max
4 8
z z 2
5 5
s s
1 2 1 2
8
z z 5 z z 8 0
5




390
38. e
1 2
x ,x
( ) ( ) =
1 2
f x f x ( ) ( ) =
3 3
1 2
f x f x ( ) ( ) =
1 2
3f x 3f x ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + = + = =
3 3
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
f x f x f x f x x 3 x 3 x x f -1,

( ) = f x y ( ) 1 + = = + +
3 3
y 3y x 3 x y 3y 3.
( )

=
1
x f y ( )

= + +
1 3
f y y 3y 3, e y ( )

= + +
1 3
f x x 3x 3, e x .
e
1 2
x ,x <
1 2
x x ( ) ( ) >
1 2
f x f x . ( ) ( ) >
3 3
1 2
f x f x ,
( ) ( ) >
1 2
3f x 3f x ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + > + > >
3 3
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
f x 3f x f x 3f x x 3 x 3 x x
( ) ( ) <
1 2
f x f x
.
| f .
f
( ) ( )

=
1
f x f x
( )

= + + = + + =
1 3 3
f x x x 3x 3 x x 2x 3 0
( )( )
+ + =
2
x 1 x x 3 0 = x 1
+ =
2
x x 3 0 ( ) A < 0 .

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

= =
1
f f f z 6 8i 1 f 3 f z 6 8i 1 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

= = = + =
1 1
f z 6 8i 1 f f z 6 8i f 1 z 6 8i 7 z 6 8i 7
z
( ) K 6,8 = 7.
( ) ( ) + > + s + = s z 6 8i z 6 8i z 10 z 6 8i 7 z 10 7
s s s s + s s 7 z 10 7 10 7 z 7 10 3 z 17.
( ) ( ) = o+| = o + | =
2 2
z 6 8i 7 i 6 8i 7 6 8 49 ( ) 1 .
( ) ( ) ( ) = o + |
2 2
4
g x 6 x 8 x 5, e (

x 0,1 .
g (

0,1
( ) = < g 0 5 0, ( ) ( ) ( ) = o + | = = >
2 2
g 1 6 8 5 49 5 44 0 ( ) ( ) < g 0 g 1 0
Bolzano ( ) ( ) ( ) = o + | =
2 2
4
g x 0 6 x 8 x 5 0
( ) 0,1 .

39. e
1 2
x ,x ( ) ( ) =
1 2
f x f x
( ) ( )
=
1 2
f x f x
e e
( )
( )
( )
( ) + = + =
1 2
f x f x
1 2 1 2
e f x e f x x x f -
( ) = f x y + =
y
e y x ( )

=
1
x f y ( )

= + e
1 y
f y e y, y
( )

= +
1 x
f x e x , e x .
e
1 2
x ,x <
1 2
x x <
1 2
x x
e e ( ) ( )

+ < + <
1 2
x x 1 1
1 2 1 2
e x e x f x f x ,
1
f .
1
f
f
C ,C
1
f
= y x ( ) ( )

=
1
f x f x ( )

= + = =
1 x x
f x x e x x e 0
1
f,f

( )
+ A e 1, z f
( )
' + A z ,e 1
1
f
( )

= +
1
f z e 1 ( )

= +
1
f 1 e 1



391
( ) ( )

=
1 1
f z f 1
1
f 1 1 = z 1
z
( )

= +
1
f 1 e 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

= + = +
1
f f 1 f e 1 1 f e 1 . ( )

=
1
f 0 1
( ) = f 1 0 ( ) ( ) + = = z 2f e 1 i z f 1 i z 2i z .
= + z x yi , e x,y ( ) + = + + = +
2
2 2 2
x yi 2i x yi x y 2 x y
2
x +
2
y + =
2
4y 4 x +
2
y = y 1.
= + = + = =
2 2 2
z 1 x y 1 x 1 1 x 0 = z i .
= = = =
2 1
z 1 z 1 zz 1 z
z
. = + = + = + = e
1 1 1 1
w z z w w
1
z z z
z
.

40. z ( ) K 3, 4
= + = z 3 4i 5.
( ) ( )
= +
2 2
f x z x 4x x 4x 1 i 2x, e (

x 1,3 . f (

1,3 ,


( ) ( ) = + = + = = > f 1 z 1 4 1 4 1 i 2 z 3 4i 2 5 2 3 0,
( ) ( ) = + + = + = = < f 3 z 9 12 9 12 1 i 6 z 3 4i 6 5 6 1 0,
( ) ( ) < f 1 f 3 0 Bolzano ( ) = f x 0
( )
+ =
2 2
z x 4x x 4x 1 i 2x ( ) 1,3 .
= o+| z i , o |e ,
( )
( )

+ +
=

2
x 3
z x x 1 i 25
lim 12 2Re z
x 3

( )
( )

o+| + +
=

2
x 3
i x x 1 i 25
lim 12 2Re z
x 3

( ) ( )
( )

o + |+ +
=

2
x 3
x x 1 i 25
lim 12 2Re z
x 3

( ) ( )
( )

o + |+ +
=

2 2
x 3
x x 1 25
lim 12 2Re z
x 3

( )

o o + +| + + + | + |+
=

2 2 2 2
x 3
2 x x x 1 2 x 2 2x 25
lim 12 2Re z
x 3

( )
( )

+ |+ o +| +o + |
=

2 2 2
x 3
2x 2 1 x 2 24
lim 12 2Re z
x 3
( ) 1
( ) ( ) + = o + |+ =
2 2
z 3 4i 5 3 4 25
o o+ +| + |+ =
2 2
6 9 8 16 25 o +| = o |
2 2
6 8 ( ) 2 .



392
( ) 1
( )
( )

+ |+ o + o |+ |
=

2
x 3
2x 2 1 x 6 8 2 24
lim 12 2Re z
x 3

( )
( )

+ |+ o + o |
=

2
x 3
2x 2 1 x 6 6 24
lim 12 2Re z
x 3

( )

x 3
x 3
lim
( ) + |+ o

2x 2 8 2
x 3
( ) = 12 2Re z
( ) ( )

+ |+ o =
x 3
lim 2x 2 8 2 12 2Re z
+ |+ o 6 2 8 2 = o 12 2 | = | = 2 2 1.
( ) 2 o + = o+ o o = o= o=
2 2
1 6 8 6 7 0 1 .
o = 1 | = 1 = z 1 i o = 7 | = 1 = z 7 i .
( ) ( ) + = > > + s
2
2
z 3 4i z 3 4i z 3 4i 5 z 3 4 z 5 5
s s s s 5 z 5 5 0 z 10.

41. ( ) K 3, 4 = 2 ,
( ) ( ) o + |+ =
2 2
3 4 2.
( ) ( ) ( )
v v
= o + |+
2 2
2
f x 3 x 4 x 1, e (

x 0,1 .
( ) = f 0 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) = o + |+ = =
2 2
f 1 3 4 1 2 1 1.
f (

0,1 ( ) ( ) < f 0 f 1 0, ( ) = f x 0
( ) 0,1 .
( ) K 3, 4 = 2 ,
( ) + = + + = z 3 4i 2 z 1 2i 2 2i 2 .
( ) + + > + + z 1 2i 2 2i z 1 2i 2 2i + > z 1 2i 2 2 2
s + s 2 z 1 2i 2 2 2 s + s 2 z 1 2i 3 2
= z 4 5i ( ) ( ) ( )
v v v v
= + + = +
2 2
2 2
f x 4 3 x 5 4 x 1 x x 1

( )
v v v
+ + +
+
= =
+ +
2 2
2 2 2
x x x
f x
x x 1 x
lim lim lim
x 2x 4 x 2x 4 x

v =1
v
+ +
=
2 2
2 2
x x
x x
lim lim 1
x x

v >1
v
v
+ +
= +
2
2 2
2
x x
x
lim lim x
x


42. e
1 2
x ,x <
1 2
x x ( ) ( ) <
1 2
f x f x f .
( )

=
x
lim f x ( )
+
= +
x
lim f x ( ) = f A .
( ) = <
3
f 0 z 0,
( )
= >
3
f z z 0 Bolzano f ,
( ) = f x 0
( )
0, z .
2 ( ) |+ o 2 1 o | 6 6 24
3
+ 6
| o+ 6 6 24

2
| o+ 2 2 8
0




393
( )

+ + +
= = = =
q
q q
3
3 2
x 0 x 0 x 0
f x z x z x x z
lim lim lim z 1
x
x x
x
( ) M z


43. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) o | < o | z z 1 z z
( )
( )
( )
( )
o | <
2 2
... z 1 z 1 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
o +o | +| <
2 2 2 2
f 1 f 1 0
( ) ( ) = +
2 2
g x f x x 1 ( ) ( ) o | < g g 0 g Bolzano
( ) e o | , : = g( ) 0.
i. ( ) ( )
( )=
= + = = =
f x 0
2 2 2
z x 2 f x x 4 x 4 x 2.
ii. f 2 ( ) = f x 0 ( ) e x 2,2
f
iii. ( ) = > f 0 2 0 ( ) > f x 0 ( ) e x 2,2 ,
( ) ( ) + = =
2 2 2
f x x 4 f x 4 x , e (

x 2,2 .
iv.
( ) ( )

+
+
= = =
2
2 2 2 2
x 0 x 0 x 0
f x f x 6
4 x 4 x 6 4 x 2 x
lim lim lim
x x x


| |

| = =
|
\ .
2
x 0 x 0
4 x 2 4
lim x lim
x

2
x 4
x
( )
| |
|
=
|
+ |
\ .
2
x 0
4 x 2


44. = x 0 ( ) ( ) + + = z 1f 0 z i f 2 z 1 ( ) 1
= x 2 ( ) ( ) + + = z 1f 2 z i f 0 z 1 ( ) 2 .
( ) 1 , ( ) 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + + + = z 1f 0 z i f 2 z 1f 2 z i f 0 0
( )( ) ( )( )
+ + = f 0 z 1 z i f 2 z 1 z i 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
+ = z 1 z i f 0 f 2 0 = + z 1 z i ( ) ( ) = f 0 f 2 .
f < 0 2 ( ) ( ) < f 0 f 2 = + z 1 z i .
( )( ) ( )( ) = + = + = +
2 2
z 1 z i z 1 z i z 1 z 1 z i z i
( ) + = + + + + = zz z z 1 zz iz iz 1 z z i z z
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = = 2Re z i 2Im z i Re z Im z
= + z 1 z i ( ) ( ) + + = z 1f x z i f 2 x z 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + = + = z 1f x z 1f 2 x z 1 f x f 2 x 1 ( ) 1 .
= x 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + = = =
1
f 1 f 1 1 2f 1 1 f 1
2
.
( ) ( ) ( ) < <
1
f x f x f 1
2
f < x 1.



394

( ) ( ) = Re z Im z = + z x yi = y x
z = y x.
( ) A 0,4 i,

( )
+
= c = =
+
min
2 2
0 4
z 4i d A, 2 2
1 1

( )
( )
( ) ( )
=

( ( = = =

1
2 x u
x 2 x 2 u 0
limf x lim 1 f 2 x lim 1 f u 1


45.
+ = + =
2 2 2
2 2 2
OA OB AB z w z w
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + + + = + + =
2 2 2
2 2
x x 1 f x 1 f x x 2 x xf x x 1 0.
( ) ( ) = + g x xf x x 1 ( ) ( ) < g 0 g 1 0 Bolzano
( ) ( ) ( ) = + = + =
2
2 2 2 2
z w x x 1 f x 1 f x 2x 2x ( ) 1
e (

x 0,1 s
2
2x 2x 0 ( ) >
2
f x 0 ( ) 1
( )
( )
( ) ( )
= = = =



= = =


2
2
x 0 2x x 1 0 2x 2x 0
f x 0 f x 0 f x 0
( ) = f 0 0 ( ) = f 1 0
( ) = f 0 0 = z i , = w i = = z w 2 2 .
( ) = f 1 0 = z 1, = w i = z w 2 .
= z 1 = w i
i.
( )
= = = =
25
100 100 4
w i i 1 z
ii. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( (
= + = + = +

50 50
100 100 100 100 2 2
z w z w 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i
( ) ( ) = =
50 50
50 50 50 50
2i 2i 2 i 2 i
iii. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( = = = + = + = +

100 100 100 100 100 100
2 100
z kw 1 ki i ki i k i i kz w kz w
= z w = z w 2 = z i , = w i
i. ( ) ( ) ( )
v
k
v
v k k v k
(
= = = = =

4 4
4 4 4 4
z w i i i i 1 1
ii. u,wu, zu
( ) = = = AB u wu u 1 i u 2 , ( ) I = + = + = A u wu u 1 i u 2
I = = = B zu wu 2iu 2u .
= I AB A
+ I = I
2 2 2
AB A B




395
46. 1 i
( ) P z
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) = + o + | + =
3 2
P 1 i 0 1 i f 1 i f 1 i 1 0
( ) + + o
2 3
1 3i 3i i f 1 +
2
2i i
( )
( ) ( ) + | | + = f f i 1 0
( ) ( ) ( ) + o + | | + = 1 3i 3 i 2f i f f i 1 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
| o + | + = 1 f 2f f 2 i 0
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
| =
| = | =



o + | + = o + + =
o =

f 1
f 1 0 f 1
3
2f f 2 0 2f 1 2 0
f
2
.
( ) ( ) o | < f f 0 f o | (

,
Bolzano ( ) e o | , ( ) = f 0.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = o | | o g x x f 2x x f 2x , e o | (

x ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) o = o| o = o| <
3
g f 0
2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | = |o | = |o > g f 0
g Bolzano ( ) e o |
1
, ( ) =
1
g 0.

47. ( )
+ +

= + = +
x 1 x 1
limf x lim xz w z w , ( ) ( )


= + = +
2
x 1 x 1
limf x lim z x x w z w
( ) = + f 1 z w f =
0
x 1
( ) ( ) ( )
+

= =
x 1 x 1
limf x limf x f 1
( )
+ = + + = +
2 2
z w z w z w z w
( )( ) + + = + +
2 2
z w z w z 2 z w w zz + + + zw zw ww = zz + + 2 z w ww
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + = + = + + =
2 2 2 2 2
zw zw 2 z w 1 zw zw 4 z w zw 2zwzw zw 4zzww
( ) ( ) ( ) + = = = =
2 2 2
zw 2zwzw zw 0 zw zw 0 zw zw 0 zw zw
= = e
z z
u u u
w w
.

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
o+ o | | o+ o o | o| + o | +| o
= = = =
| +| | +| | +| | |
2 2
f i f i f i f i f f i f
z
u
w f i f f i f i

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
o | +| o o | o|
= +
| +| | +|
2 2 2 2
f f f f
u i
f f

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
o | o|
e = = o | o| = o | = o|
| +|
2 2
f f
u Imu 0 0 f f 0 f f
f
.
o< <| 0 o| < 0 ( ) ( ) o | < f f 0.
f o | (

, , Bolzano ( ) = f x 0
( ) o | , .
( ) ( ) ( )
= + = + =
2 2
f 2 2f 1 2z w 2 z 2 w 2z w 2 z 2 w
( )( ) + + = +
2 2
2z w 2z w 4 z 8 z w 4 w
+ + + + =
2 2
4zz 2zw 2zw ww 4 z 8 z w 4 w 0
2
4 z ( ) + + +
2 2
2 zw zw w 4 z + =
2
8 z w 4 w 0



396
( ) 1 + = zw zw 2 z w + =
2
2 2 z w 8 z w 3 w 0
=
= = =
w 4
2
12 z w 3 w 0 48 z 48 0 z 1.
z

48. ( ) ( ) = +q + q z x x x x i = + q
2
2 2
z 2x 2 x. = + =
2 2
1 2
z ,z 1 1 2.
( )
q
= = +
2
2
2 2
1 2
z
x
f x 1
z z x x
.

( )
+ +
(
q | |
= + = + = (
|
\ .
(

2
x x
x
lim f x lim 1 1 0 1
x


( )

(
q | |
= + = + = (
|
\ .
(

2
2
x 0 x 0
x
limf x lim 1 1 1 2
x


+ +
=
(
| |
q (
(
|
q | | | |
(
= + = + = (
|
| |
(
\ . \ . (
|

|
(
\ .

2
2
1 x x
y 0
x
1
1 y
x
lim f lim 1 lim 1 2
1
x y
x
.

49.
v v
= = + = z 4 2z 5 z 4 2z 5 ... zz 2z 2z 3 0 ...
( ) + =
2
2
x 2 y 1
( ) - e
1 2
x ,x 0,2 ( ) ( ) < <
1 2 1 2
x x : f x f x 0.
Bolzano ( ) ( ) e _ =
1 2
x ,x 0,2 : f( ) 0.
( ) ( ) = + z f x x 1 i = x ( ) = + z 0 1 i
( ) + =
2
2
C: x 2 y 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) + = =
2 2 2
0 2 1 1 1 3
( ) ( ) = + z f x x 1 i ( ) + =
2
2
x 2 y 1,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
+ = = = =
2 2 2 2 2
2
f x 2 x 1 1 f x 2 1 x 1 f x 2 2x x 0,
( ) f x 2 ( ) 0,2 ( ) = < f 1 2 1 0 ( ) < f x 2 0 ( ) e x 0,2 ,
( ) ( ) = =
2 2
f x 2 2x x f x 2 2x x , ( ) e x 0,2

50. = z 4 2 ( ) K 4,0 =
1
2.
= w 3i 1 ( ) A 0,3 =
2
1.
( ) = A = =
1 2
min
z w K 5 2 1 2
( ) = A + + = + + =
1 2
max
z w K 5 2 1 8 s s 2 z w 8.
i. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= + = = =
2 2
2 2
z 4 2 f x 4 x 2 f x 4 2 x 0 ( ) 1 e (

x 1,1 ,
( ) = f x 4 0
( ) = = > f 0 4 6 4 2 0 ( ) > f x 4 0.
ii. ( ) ( ) = = +
2 2
f x 4 2 x f x 2 x 4



397
iii. s s s s > > >
2 2 2 2
1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 2 x 1 2 x 1
( ) ( ) + > > =
2
2 x 4 5 f x 5 f 1 f

51. ( ) + = P 1 i 0 ... ( ) o =
1
f
2
, ( ) | = f 1.
( ) ( ) o | < f f 0.... .
i.
o+| o+| | |
= =
|
\ .
f 0 x
2 2

o+| |
e o
|
.
x ,
2
( ) = f x 0
( ) o = <
1
f 0
2
,
( ) < f x 0
o+| |
e o
|
.
x ,
2
. ( ) > f x 0
o+| | (
|
(
\
,
2
.
ii.
o+| o+| | |
e o
|
\ .
2
,
3 2
o+| | |
<
|
\ .
2
f 0
3
,
+ + +
o+| o+| | | | |
+
| |
o+| | |
\ . \ .
= = =
|
+
\ .
5 5
4 3 4
x x x
2 2
f x 4x 1 f x
2 3 3
lim lim lim f x
3 x 5x 2 x


52.
( )
+
=

3
z i x z 1x 5x 5
f x
x 1
, ( )( ) = = +
3
x 1 f x x 1 z i x z 1x 5x 5
( )( ) ( )

( = + = =

3
x 1 x 1
lim f x x 1 lim z i x z 1x 5x 5 0 z i z 1 z 1 z i .

+ +
= =

3 3
x 1 x 1
z i x z 1x 5x 5 z 1x z 1x 5x 5
lim lim
x 1 x 1

( )

=
x 1
z 1x x 1
lim
( ) ( ) + x 1 5 x 1
x 1
= 2 z 1 5
= = =
2 2
z 1 z i z 1 z i ... y x

( )
+
=

3 2
z 1 i x 2x 8
g x
x 2
, ( )( ) = = +
3 2
x 2 g x x 2 z 1 i x 2x 8
( )( ) ( )

( = + = + + =

3 2
x 2 x 2
lim g x x 2 lim z 1 i x 2x 8 0 8 z 1 i 16 z 1 i 2.
( )

+

= =

3 2
3 2
x 2 x 2 x 2
2 x 2
z 1 i x 2x 8
2x 2x 8
lim lim lim
x 2 x 2
( )
+ +

2
x x 2
x 2
=16
+ = z 1 i 2 z ( ) K 1, 1

53. = x 2
( )
=
2 2
f(x) x 4 z x z 2 x
( )( ) ( ) ( )
+ +
= = =
2 2
x 2 x 2
lim f x x 4 lim z x z 2 x 0 4 z 2 z 2 z 2 2 z .
( )
( )

= =

2
2
x 2 x 2 x 2
z x x 2
z x 2 z x
limf x lim lim
x 4
( ) x 2 ( )
= =
+
2 z z
4 2
x 2

( )

=
x 2
limf x 1 = =
z
1 z 2
2
.



398
( )
= +
= + = + + = + =
z x yi
2
2 2 2 2 2
z 2 4 x 2 y 16 x 4x 4 y 16 x y 4x 12 ( ) 1 .
= + =
2 2
z 2 x y 4 ( ) 1 = = = 4 4x 12 4x 8 x 2
( ) + = + = = =
2
2 2 2
2 y 4 4 y 4 y 0 y 0.
= z 2.

( )

= = = =

z z z 2 z
f 1 z z 2 z 2 z z 2
3 3 3

= + z x yi , e x,y
( ) ( ) ( ) + = + + = + + = +
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 x yi x yi 2 2 x y x 2 y 4 x y x 2 y
+ = + + + + = + + =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4
4x 4y x 4x 4 y 3x 3y 4x 4 x y x
3 3

| |
+ + + = + + + =
|
\ .
2
2 2 2
2 4 4 4 2 16
x 2 x y x y
3 9 3 9 3 9
.
z
| |

|
\ .
2
K ,0
3

=
4
3
.
( ) ( ) ( )
= + +
2 3
g x f x z 2 z x x 1, e (

x 0,1 .
g (

0,1
( ) ( )

= + = + = >

2
z 0 z 2 0
g 0 f 0 1 1 1 0
0 4
,
( ) ( ) ( )
+
= + + = =

z z 2 z z 2 3 z 2 3 z
g 1 f 1 z 2 z 1 1 z 2 z
3 3

( )

= <
2 z 2 4 z
g 1 0
3
( ) ( ) < g 0 g 1 0 Bolzano
( ) ( ) ( )
= = + +
2 3
g x 0 f x z 2 z x x 1 ( ) 0,1 .

54.

qo oqo oq
= = = o
o
x 0 x 0 u 0
x x u
lim lim lim
x x u
= o u x , = x 0.
A > x 0
( )
q
q q
s +
z x
5x x
x x x
:
( )
+ +

q
q q | |
s + s
|
\ .
x 0 x 0
z x
5x x
lim lim z 6
x x x
( ) 1 .
A < x 0
( )
q
q q
> +
z x
5x x
x x x
, :
( )


q
q q | |
> + >
|
\ .
x 0 x 0
z x
5x x
lim lim z 6
x x x
( ) 2 .
( ) 1 , ( ) 2 = z 6
z ( ) O 0,0

55. ( ) = + + f 1 z w z w ( ) = + + f 1 z w z w .



399
z,w
s + s + z w z w z w
s + + s s +



s + + + s +


z w z w z w z w z w
0 z w z w z w z w

( )
+ s s +

>

z w z w
f 1 0


( )
( )
( )
+ + s s

>
>

z w z w 0 f 1 0
f 1 0
f 1 0
( ) ( ) s f 1 f 1 0.
( ) ( ) < f 1 f 1 0 f
Bolzano
( ) = f x 0 ( ) 1,1 .
( ) ( ) ( ) = = f 1 f 1 0 f 1 0 ( ) = f 1 0 ( ) = f x 0 ( ) 1 .
( ) = f x 0 (

1,1 .
( )
v+ v
= + +
2 1 2
f x x w x z w
i.
( )
v+ v
v+
v
+ + + +
+ +
= = =
2 1 2
2 1
2 2
3 3 3
x x x x
x w x z w f x
x
lim lim lim lim x
x x x

v > v > 2 2 0 1
( )
+
= +
3
x
f x
lim
x
( )
+
=
3
x
f x
lim 1
x

v =1.
ii. = + z w 3i + = = w 3i z 1 ( ) A 0, 3 =
2
1.
= + = z w z z 3i 3.
z
( ) + = = = z w w z w z 3

56.
t (
e
(

1 2
x ,x 0,
2
<
1 2
x x :
< <

ouv > ouv ouv < ouv


2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
x x x x
x x x x

( ) ( ) +ouv < +ouv +ouv < +ouv <
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
x x x x x x z x x z f x f x
f
t (
(

0,
2
.
( ) = f 0 z 1
t | |
= t
|
\ .
2
f z
2
,
( )
| | ( t t ( | |
( = = t
| ( | (
\ . \ .
2
f 0, f 0 ,f z 1, z
2 2

f
t | |
|
\ .
0,
2

( ) < f 0 0 :
t | |
> t > < t
|
\ .
2 2
f 0 z 0 z
2
.
z
( ) O 0,0 t
2




400
57.
( )
o | +
=

2
2
x x 2
f x
x 1
, = x 1
( )

=
x 1
1
limf x
2
o = z 3 4i , | = + w 3 6i .
( )( )
= o | +
2 2
f x x 1 x x 2
( )( ) ( )

(
= o | + o|+ = | = o+

2 2
x 1 x 1
lim f x x 1 lim x x 2 2 0 2.
:
( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
o
o o +
= = =
+
2
2
x 1
x x 1 2 x 1
x x 2x 2
f x
x 1 x 1 x 1
( )
( )
o

x 2
x 1 ( )
o
=
+
+
x 2
x 1
x 1


( )

o o
= =
+
x 1 x 1
x 2 2
limf x lim
x 1 2
.

( )

o
= = o =
x 1
1 2 1
limf x 3
2 2 2

= z 3 4i 3
z
( ) K 3,4 =
1
3 .
o = 3 | = + = 3 2 5
+ = w 3 6i 5
w
( ) A 3, 6 =
2
5.
( ) KA = = 6 4 10
( ) ( ) = = A = =
1 2
min
z w AB K 10 3 5 2.

58. ( )( ) = + = +
2 2 2
iz w z w iz w iz w zz ww
+ + = +
2
i zz izw izw ww zz ww + + = + zz izw izw ww zz ww
+ = = = e
z z z
izw izw 0 zw zw
w w w
.
( ) ( ) = = = zw zw 0 2Im zw i 0 Im zw 0,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= o o | | + o|+ o | zw f f f f i
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) o|+ o | = o | = o|< f f 0 f f 0.
f o | (

, Bolzano ( ) = f x 0
( ) o | , .
+ = + + = +
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
z iw z iw z i w i z iw
( ) + =
2 2 2
z w i iz w + = + =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
z w i iz w z w iz w

59. ( )( ) ( )( ) + = + = + + =
2 2
z w z w z w z w z w z w z w z w
+ + + = + + = + = zz zw wz ww zz zw wzz ww 2zw 2wz 0 zw wz 0
( ) ( ) + = = = zw zw 0 2Re zw 0 Re zw 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= + = + + = + + zw f 1 i 1 f 2 i f 1 f 1 f 2 i i f 2 f 1 f 2 1 f 1 f 2 i
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = + = = Re zw 0 f 1 f 2 0 f 1 f 2 .



401
( ) ( ) ( ) = s
2
f 1 f 2 f 2 0.
( ) ( ) < f 1 f 2 0 f (

1,2 Bolzano
( ) = f x 0 ( ) 1,2 .
( ) ( ) ( ) = = f 1 f 2 0 f 1 0 ( ) = f 2 0
( ) = f x 0
( ) = f x 0
(

1,2 .
( ) ( ) = = f 1 f 2 1 = + z 1 i .
u ( ) K 0, 4
= 2 .
( ) ( ) ( ) = + + =
2 2
MK 1 0 1 4 26 .
( ) ( ) ( ) = = =
min
z u MA MK KA 26 2

60. + = + + = + =
2 2
z 9i 3 z i z 9i 9 z i ... z 3
( ) ( ) = + = =
2 2
z 3 1 f 1 9 f 1 8
( ) ( ) =
2
g x 2xf x 5 4x , e (

x 0,1 .
( ) = < g 0 5 0, ( ) ( ) = = >
2
g 1 2f 1 5 4 7 0...
g Bolzano ( ) ( ) e =
0 0
x 0,1 : g x 0

= + =
3w 2
3w iz 2 z
i

= = = = =
3w 2
3w 2 2 2
z 3 3 3 w 3 w 1
i 1 3 3


| |
|
\ .
2
K ,0
3


61.
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
o+ o |+ | o+ o o|+ o | + | o o |
= = =
| | | + | | | |+ |
2 2
if if if i f i f f f
z
if f if if

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
o| o | o | +| o
= +
| + | | + |
2 2 2 2
f f f f
z i
f f

z ' y y ,
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
o| o |
= o| o | =
| + |
2 2
f f
Re z 0 f f 0
f
( ) 1
( ) ( ) = g x f x x, e o | (

x , . ( ) ( ) o = o o > g f 0 ( ) 1
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
|
o
= < | <| | | < | <
| o
f
1 f f 0 g 0
f
, ( ) ( ) o | < g g 0.
g o | (

, Bolzano
( ) ( ) = = g x 0 f x x ( ) o | , .




402
62.
( ) ( )
+
= = +
x x
lim f x lim f x
( ) = f 0 2 Bolzano f
( )
1
x ,0
( )
2
0,x ,
<
1
x 0 ( ) >
1
f x 0 >
2
x 0 ( ) >
2
f x 0.
( ) ( )( )( )( ) = o
1 2 3 4
f x x z x z x z x z
( ) ( )( )( )( ) + = o + + + + = +
1 2 3 4
f 1 i 1 i z 1 i z 1 i z 1 i z 4 6i
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) o + + + + +| + = + o =
4 3 2
1 i 2 1 i 3 1 i 1 i 2 4 6i 2, | = 8.

63. + + = z 1 z 1 4 ( ) M z

( )
+ + = + =
2
2 2 2
z 1 z 1 4 ... z z 1 7.

1 2
z ,z ( )
' = =
1 2
max
z z AA 4,
s
1 2
z z 4
) e
1 2
x ,x <
1 2
x x ( ) ( ) <
1 2
f x f x .
) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
v+ v+
= = + = + =
1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2
f x f x f x x z x z 1x 8 0 z x 7 z x 8 0.
= x 1 ( )
( )
v+
= +
2 2 1 2
g x z x 7 z x 8
.
| .

64. = o+| z i = o +| =
2 2
z 1 1 ( ) 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = + = o+ | + = o + | + = + +
2
2 2 2 2 4 2
f x z x i 3 x i 3 x 3 x 2Im z x 1 3
f
( ) ( ) = g x f x x, e (

x 0,1 .
( ) ( ) = = > g 0 f 0 4 0 ( ) ( ) = = | + > g 1 f 1 1 2 2 2 0 g . olzano
( ) = | + = | = f 2 6 17 8 3 6 1 ( ) o = 1 0 = z i .
i. = = w iz 1
ii. ( ) = = = = = z w z iz z 1 i z 1 i 1 2 2

65. = o+| z i | = 0
( ) ( ) ( ) = + = o+| + = o + +| f x xz 1 4 x i 1 4 x 1 xi 4
( ) ( ) ( )
= o + +| = o +| + o +
2
2 2 2 2 2
f x x 1 x 4 x 2 x 1 4.
f
i. ( ) ( ) = f 2 f 2 + = + 2z 1 4 2z 1 4 + = + 2z 1 2z 1
+ = +
2 2
2z 1 2z 1 ( )( ) ( )( ) + + = + + 2z 1 2z 1 2z 1 2z 1
+ = + + + 4zz 2z 2z 1 4zz 2z 2z 1 = = e 4z 4z z z z I.
ii. e z I =| z i | = 0 ( ) = | +
2 2
f x x 1 4, ( )
|
' =
| +
2
2 2
x
f x
x 1
.
( )
' = | = = f x 0 x 0 x 0.
< x 0 ( )
' < f x 0
f ( (

,0 .
x 0 +
' f

+
f






403
> x 0
( )
' > f x 0, f
) +

0, .
( )
( )

| |
= | + = | + =
|
|
\ .
2 2 2
2
x x x
1
lim f x lim x 1 4 lim x 4
x

( | |
= | + = + ( |
|
(
\ .
2
2
x
1 4
lim x
x x
,
( )
+ +
( | |
= | + = + ( |
|
(
\ .
2
2
x x
1 4
lim f x lim x
x x
( ) = f 0 3,
( A = (
1
,0 ( ) ( ) ( )
)
)

A = = +

1
x
f f 0 , lim f x 3,
) A = +
2
0, ( ) ( ) ( )
)
)
+

A = = +

2
x
f f 0 , lim f x 3, . ( ) ) = +

f A 3, .
( ) A
1
f f ( A = (
1
,0
eA
1 1
x ( ) =
1
f x 0 . ( ) A
2
f f
) A = +
2
0, eA
2 2
x ( ) =
2
f x 0.
( ) = f x 0
iii. ( ) + = + = = z 1 14 z 1 4 10 f 10.
f eA= ( ) = f 10.

66. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = + +q q = +
2
2 2 2 2
z 2Re z Im z x 9 f x x 2f x x x 9
( ) ( )
q = +
2
2
f x x x 9
+ =
2
x 9 0 ( ) q = f x x 0 g

( ) ( ) = = > g 0 f 0 3 0 ( ) > g x 0 e x ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) q = + q = + = + +q
2
2 2 2
f x x x 9 f x x x 9 f x x 9 x.

( )

| |
+q
+ + q + q
| = = + =
|
\ .
2 2
x 0 x 0 x 0
f x x 3
x 9 2 x 3 x 9 3 x
lim lim lim 2
x x x x

( )

| |
+ q
|
= + =
|
+ + |
\ .
2
x 0 2
x 9 9 x
lim 2 2
x
x x 9 3

( ) = f 0 3, ( ) t = t + > t
2
f 9 .
< t < t +
2
3 9 f t (

0, ( ) e t
0
x 0,
( ) = t
0
f x .

67.

= = =

2 2 z 1
w 2 2 z 1 4 z i ...
z i
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
2 2
1 4 8
x y
3 3 9

( ) = + =
1 16 17
OK
9 9 3
, ( )

= = =
min
17 2 2 17 2 2
z OK
3 3 3




404

| | | |
o+ + | =
| |
\ . \ .
2 2
1 4 8
3 3 9

( )
| | | |
= o+ + |
| |
\ . \ .
2 2
3
1 4
f x 9 x 9 x 1
3 3
, e (

x 0,1
( ) = < f 0 1 0,
( )
| | | |
= o+ + | = = >
| |
\ . \ .
2 2
1 4
f 1 9 9 1 8 1 7 0
3 3
... .
+ s + + s + = w 6 8i w 6 8i 2 10 12
+ > + s = w 6 8i w 6 8i 2 10 8

68.
( )
o |
=

2
2
x x 6
g x
x 4
,
( )( )
= = o |
2 2
x 2 g x x 4 x x 6
( )( ) ( )

(
= o | = o | | = o

2 2
x 2 x 2
lim g x x 4 lim x x 6 0 4 2 6 2 3
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )

o o o +
o+
= = = o =
+
2
2
x 2 x 2
x 2 3 x 6 x x 2 3 x 2
2 3 7
lim lim 2
x 2 x 2 4 4 x 4
, | =1.
+ = z 2 2i 2 ( ) K 2,2 =
1
2.
+ = w 1 i 1 ( ) A 1, 1 =
2
1.
( ) ( ) ( ) A = + + =
2 2
K 2 1 2 1 3 2 ,
( ) = A =
1 2
min
z w K 3 2 3, ( ) = A + + = +
1 2
min
z w K 3 2 3
= + > + s s s 2 z 2 2i z 2 2i z 2 2 2 2 z 2 2 2
( ) ( )
s s + 2 2 1 z 2 2 1
= + > + s s s 1 w 1 i w 1 i w 2 1 1 w 2 1 s s + 2 1 w 2 1.

69. = + z x yi = + =
2 2
z 5 x y 25 ( ) 1
( ) ( )
( )
( )
= + = + =
1
2
2 2
2 2
z 1 2i 2 2 x 1 y 2 2 2 x 2x y 4y 3
= = 25 2x 4y 3 x 11 2y .
( ) ( ) + = =
2
2
24
1 11 2y y 25 ... y
5
= y 4
=
24
y
5
=
7
x
5
= +
7 24
z i
5 5
= y 4 = x 3 = + z 3 4i .
= +
1
7 24
z i
5 5
, = +
2
z 3 4i
( ) + + + = + + =
2
3 3
2 1 1 2
7 66
z x Re z x z z 0 25x x 0
5 5

( ) = + +
3
7 66
f x 25x x
5 5
, e (

x 1,0 .
( ) = >
66
f 0 0
5
, ( ) = + <
7 66
f 1 25 0
5 5
... . olzano



405
( ) e
1 2
x ,x 1,0 <
1 2
x x ( ) ( ) <
1 2
f x f x f


70. ( )
( )
( )

+| +o >

| +o <

2
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
x x x ,x 2
f x
x x x ,x 2
( ) ( ) ( )
+

= = | =
x 2 x 2
lim f x lim f x f 2 ..... 0
( ) ( ) = + = + = = = f 1 1 1 iz 1 i i z 1 i z i 1 z i 1

71. ( ) ( ) ( ) s + s
2
2
f x 4 x 8x 16 f x 4 x 4 .
= x 4 ( ) = f 4 0
= x 4:
( ) ( ) ( )

s s s s

f x 4 f x 4 f x 4
x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4
x 4 x 4 x 4

=
x 4
lim x 4 0
( )
( )

' = =

x 4
f x 4
lim 0 f 4 0
x 4
.
( ) ( ) ( )
( )

' ' '
'' = = =

x 4 x 4
f x f x f 4
lim 2 lim f 4
x 4 x 4

=
1
w
z
, = z 1 = =
1
w 1
z

i.
( )
( ) ( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )( )

+ + +

= = =

x 4 x 4 x 4
xf x 16 x 2 xf x 4x 4x 16 x 2
xf x 16
lim lim lim
x 4
x 2 x 2 x 2

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )

+ +
= =

x 4
x f x 4 4 x 4 x 2
lim
x 4
( )
( )
( )

(
= + + + =
(

x 4
f x 4
lim x x 2 4 x 2 16
x 4

ii.
( ) ( )

+
=
q
x 0
f 4 x f 4 x
x
lim
x
x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( +
(
( =
q q
(
(

x 0
f 4 x f 4 f 4 x f 4
x x
lim 0
x x
x x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
=


' = = =

4 x u
x 0 u 4
f 4 x f 4 f u f 4
lim lim f 4 0
x 4 u
,
( ) ( )
( )

+
' = =
x 0
f 4 x f 4
lim f 4 0
x


72. ( ) = + + f 1 z w z w , ( ) = + + f 1 z w z w
( ) + s + + + > > z w z w z w z w 0 f 1 0
+ > + s s + z w z w z w z w z w ( ) + + s s z w z w 0 f 1 0
( ) ( ) s f 1 f 1 0
( ) ( ) < f 1 f 1 0 f . olzano...
( ) ( ) ( ) = = f 1 f 1 0 f 1 0 ( ) = f 1 0.



406

( ) = + +
3 2
f x 2x 3x z w ( ) = + = + = f 1 0 5 z w 0 z w 5
+ = + z w z w z,w + = + OA OB OA OB ,


73. ( ) ( ) ( )
+

= =
x 1 x 1
limf x limf x f 1
( )
+ = + + = +
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
z z z z z z z z ... =
1 1
2 2
z z
z z


( )
+
=

2
2 1
x z x z 8
g x
x 2
, ( )( ) = + = +
2
2 1
x 2 x z x z g x x 2 8
( ) ( )( ) ( )

+ = + + =
2
2 1 2 1
x 2 x 2
lim x z x z lim g x x 2 8 4 z 2 z 8 ( ) 1
( )

+
= = + =

2
2 1 2 1
2 1
x 2 x 2
x z x z 4 z 2 z f x 8
lim lim 4 z z 6
x 2 x 2
( ) 2
( ) 1 , ( ) 2 =
2
z 2 =
1
z 2.