ng dng LabVIEW trong thc nghim v m phng vic chuyn i c tuyn cm bin lu lng kh np trn t

Vn Dng, Trn Thanh Thng, Nguyn B Hi Trng i hc S phm K thut TP HCM Using LabVIEW for simulating and implementing the experiment of automotive airflow sensors characteristic converter Vn Dng, Trn Thanh Thng, Nguyn B Hi HCMC University of Technical Education Abstract This article presents the application of LabVIEW for simulating mathematic models of the replacement of automotive airflow sensors. Moreover, the combination of this simulated model and the computer communication program created by LabVIEW language is used to carry out the semiexperiment and the experiment of this project. The mathematic models allow us to learn and investigate the possibility of the projects solutions. It also allows the authors to predict the characteristic of airflow sensors and the airflow sensors characteristic converter before the final products are produced. Beside that, the simulation processes help us to reduce time and finance due to the quick modifications of programs and control algorithms, and the lack of hardware as well as the prototype circuits. Tm tt Bi bo ny trnh by ng dng ca LabVIEW trong vic m phng thut ton chuyn i cm bin lu lng kh np trn t. ng thi, kt hp m hnh m phng vi chng trnh giao tip my tnh trn LabVIEW cng dng thc hin thc nghim v bn thc nghim phc v vic chuyn i c tuyn lm vic ca cc loi cm bin lu lng kh np trn t. M hnh m phng thut ton chuyn i gip nhm nghin cu kho st c tnh kh thi ca tng v gii php ra, kh nng trin khai cng nh tin an s b c tuyn lm vic ca cc cm bin v b chuyn i trc khi sn xut mu. Bn cnh , qu trnh m phng cn gip tit kim thi gian trong qu trnh thc hin ti nh cho php ngi lp trnh d dng thay i chin thut iu khin, thun ton mt cch linh ng, d dng m khng tn chi ph phn cng v thi gian lm phn cng mu. 1. Gii thiu t ang lu hnh ti Vit Nam rt a dng, vi nhiu dng xe c tui i cao, thm ch, nhiu loi ph tng xe khng cn sn xut. Vic vn hnh trong iu kin kh hu nng m khin cc chi tit ca cm bin o gi nhanh chng thay i tnh nng hoc h hng, nh hng n c tnh lm vic ca ng c. Nhiu t nc ta vn c tip tc khai thc vn hnh vi cc cm bin b sai lch do lo ho hoc h hng lm gim tnh nng ca ng c, tng nhim mi trng, tng mc tiu hao nhin liu, tng chi ph khai thc. Vic sa cha cng gp nhiu kh khn do khng tm c ph tng ng chng loi thay th. Trong khi , ph tng t rt a dng, vi nhiu chng loi c tnh nng k thut tng ng nhng cho n nay ta vn cha bit c c tuyn lm vic ca cc chi tit, c bit l cc chi tit trn h thng iu khin ng c, cng nh mi quan h lp ln gia cc chi tit cng chng loi. Xut pht t nhu cu thc tin, c th phc hi tnh nng ban u ca ng c, vic nghin cu thit k ch to h thng iu khin ph nhm tng thch ha cc loi cm bin trong h thng phun xng in t l mt hng i thit thc v cp bch. thc hin ti, vic thu thp, o kim cc thng s ca cm bin, ng c v thng s ng lc hc ca t ng vai tr quan trng gip nhn dng v xy dng cc ng c tuyn lm vic ca cm bin. Cc c tuyn ny sau c np vo vi iu khin theo dng bng thc hin thut ton chuyn i cho ECU ph. 42

Ngoi ra, m hnh m phng thut ton chuyn i gip nhm nghin cu kho st c tnh kh thi ca tng ti, kh nng trin khai cng nh tin an s b c tuyn lm vic ca b chuyn i trc khi sn xut mu. Xut pht t cc yu cu, nhim v trn, tc gi la chn v quyt nh s dng LabVIEW l ngn ng lp trnh, m phng v thu thp d liu chnh. So vi Matlab, LabVIEW c nhiu ng dng kt ni phn cng tt hn, d dng thao tc lp trnh v thun tin, thm m trong lp trnh giao din (GUI). 2. ng dng LabVIEW trong thc nghim Gii thiu v qu trnh thc nghim Thc nghim s dng cc thit b th nghim ca phng th nghim ng c t trong, Trng i hc Bch khoa v i hc s phm K thut TP H Ch Minh. Nhim v thc nghim tp trung vo thu thp s liu, xy dng c tuyn lm vic ca cc loi cm bin o gi gm: Cm bin o gi loi cnh trt, cm bin o gi o gi loi dy nhit, MAP. S h thng th nghim c th hin trn hnh 2.1.

ng gp ht ng c 1 AVL

USB 6009

1: 2: 3: 4:

B bnh n p sut ng ht gi Cm bin Gi

LabVIEW My tnh

Hnh 2.1 S lp t thit b th nghim tin hnh th nghim, trc tin cn thay i tc ng c bng b iu chnh v tr bm ga. Khng kh np c ht vo ng c, i qua cm bin s 3, qua cm bin ca b o gi AVL, b bnh n p sut 1 n ng gp ng c. Hai tn hiu o gm: tn hiu lu lng ca thit b AVL v tn hiu in p ng ra ca cm bin kho st c ni n hai knh ring bit. Thng s nhit mi trng, p sut kh quyn cng c thu thp trong th nghm. Phn cng v phn mm thc nghim thc hin cc thc nghim, cn s dng nhiu thit b nh ngn to lu lng gi, lu lng ny i qua cc cm bin o gi v c ghi li t ng vo my tnh. ng thi gi tr in p t cc cm bin thay i khi dng lu lng bin thin, cng c ghi vo my tnh thng qua card giao tip ca National Instruments NI 6009. Thng tin chi tit phn mm v phn cng c th c lit k bn di. Ngun to lu lng gi to ngun lu lng gi, ng c Toyota Camrry 2.0 c s dng. Cc thng s c bn ca ng c ny c cho trong bng. Th tch cng tc ng c 2.0 lt; S xy lanh: 4 Di tc : 600 7.000 vng/pht;Loi cm bin o gi: MAP sensor. Thit b thu thp s liu t ng Card NI-USB 6009 ca National Instruments l thit b giao tip a nng gia my tnh v thit b thng qua cng USB. Phn mm s dng giao tip cho card c cung cp bi cng ty National Instruments hoc mi trng son tho da trn ngn ng C. Card giao tip ny rt ph hp cho cc ng dng v d n ln nhng gi thnh r, kch thc nh gn, n gin.

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Hnh 2.2 Card NI USB 6009 Phn mm h tr thu thp d liu LabVIEW 8.5 LabVIEW, thut ng vit tt ca nhm t Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench, l mt phn mm my tnh c pht trin bi National Instruments. LabVIEW cn c bit n nh l mt ngn ng lp trnh vi khi nim hon ton khc so vi cc ngn ng lp trnh truyn thng nh ngn ng C, Pascal, vv. Bng cch din t c php thng qua cc hnh nh trc quan trong mi trng son tho, LabVIEW cn c gi vi tn khc l ngn ng lp trnh G (Graphical). Thit b o lu lng AVL Thit b ny ca phng th nghim ng c t trong, trng i hc Bch Khoa TP H Ch Minh. Ngai ra, chng ti cn s dng cc thit b khc gm my tnh, ngun in, ng ni, b iu khin v tr bm ga. Xy dng phn mm giao tip my tnh s dng LabVIEW Sau khi kt ni cc thit b theo s hnh 2.1, chng ti thc hin chng trnh thu thp d liu nhm phc v vic xy dng ngn hng d liu cc cm bin o lu lng kh np. Mc tiu v yu cu ca ti l xy dng chng trnh c cc tnh nng c bn sau. Tnh nng Lu file c ADC Hin th Chn knh o Gii thch Chng trnh ny s t ng lu thnh file .txt hoc xut sang file Exel Chng trnh cho php c tn hiu ADC c gi tr in p t -10 n 10 vn. phn gii 14 bit. Tc c ADC l 48000 mu/giy. Ngai tnh nng lu file, chng trnh hin th trn ng h v biu gi tr in p ca cm bin C 5 knh o ADC v chng trnh cho php xc lp cc knh o khc nhau qua knh vt l

Hnh 2.3 Bng m t yu cu tnh nng ca chng trnh thu thp d liu 3. ng dng LabVIEW trong m phng chuyn i cm bin o gi trn t C s l thuyt m phng thut ton chuyn i cm bin lu lng kh np Gii php xut trong bi bo ny khng cn thay i cu trc v ni dung ca cc ECU sn c m vn c th tc ng thng qua cc iu khin ng vo v ng ra ca ECU cng c th lm thay i cc tnh nng ca h iu khin ng c. Vi t duy nh vy, ta coi ECU nguyn bn (hnh 3.1) ca ng c l khi vi x l chnh, vi cc thng tin u vo v cc tn hiu iu khin u ra. Bng phng php ghp thm cc khi iu khin khc (khi iu khin ph gi l ECU ph), tn hiu b sung c th lm thay i nhiu c tnh ca h iu khin (hnh 3.2)
Thng Tin ng vo
u1 u2 u3 u4

ECU nguyn bn

y1 y2 y3 y4

Cc c cu chp hnh

Hnh 3.1 H iu khin nguyn bn ca ng c 44

Thng tin ng vo

u4.1 Sub-ECU

Tn hiu b sung

u1 u2 u3 u4

ECU nguyn bn

y1 y2 y3 y4

Cc c cu chp hnh

Hnh 3.2 H iu khin ng c vi ECU ph Trc khi tin hnh thc hin ch to sn xut ECU ph, cc thut tan chuyn i cc cm bin o gi c nghin cu, nh gi v thc hin trong mi trng m phng LabVIEW. Do c nhiu loi cm bin o gi ty theo chng loi xe, i xe nn tc gi ch chn ra mt bi tan chuyn i cm bin o gi dy nhit Toyota Altis thay cho cm bin o gi loi cnh trt tng. Yu cu ca bi tan chuyn i l in p ng ra ca cm bin thay th s bng vi in p ng ra ca cm bin c thay th cho d c tuyn lm vic ca hai cm bin c dng khc nhau i vi cng mt lu lng gi trn ng ng np. iu ny c ngha l thut tan phi m bo khng c s thay i no v gi tr i vo ECU chnh sau khi i qua ECU ph v cm bin dng thay th. m phng thut tan chuyn i cm bin o gi loi dy nhit Toyota Altis thay cho cm bin o gi loi cnh trt gim ta cn s dng hm c tnh ca hai cm bin: Hm c tnh hi suy cm bin o gi loi dy nhit Toyota Altis: y = A * X B (2.1) Vi A = 0,6666; B = 0,2955 Hm c tnh hi suy cm bin o gi loi cnh trt gim:

y = A x (2.2)
Vi A = 8,9007; B = - 0,4938 S thay th dng m phng c trnh by hnh 3.3. Giao din v kt qu m phng c trnh by trong hnh 3.4. Tn hiu lu lng c m phng c gi tr t: 0-200 m3/h. Tn hiu m phng ny c th c thay th khi m hnh m phng kt ni vi ng c thc qua card giao tip vi my tnh thu thp tn hiu lu lng.

Hnh 3.3 S thay th dng m phng thut ton chuyn i M phng thut ton s dng LabVIEW Nh gii thiu trn u bi bo, nhm tc gi chn LabVIEW m phng thut tan chuyn i cm bin o gi loi dy nhit Toyota Altis thay cho cm bin o gi loi cnh trt gim. Lu gii thut c trnh by trong hnh 3.4.

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Khi Khi ng ng

c in p CBDG thay th

Nhp Nhp gi gi tr tr A., A., B B ca ca cc cc hm hm hi hi quy quy

M M phng phng tn tn hiu hiu lu lu lng lng

Thc Thc hin hin php php chuyn chuyn i i

Xut ra tn hiu in p mi

Kt Kt thc thc Chng Chng trnh trnh

Hnh 3.4 Lu gii thut m phng thut tan chuyn i Trong qu trnh m phng, tc gi s dng nhiu khi lnh khc nhau. Trong , cc khi lnh chnh c dng m phng gm ch yu l khi lnh s m, khi m phng sine, khi php tnh s hc, th v biu , vng lp while loop, lnh case, lnh delay. vv. 4. Kt qu Kt qu th nghim s dng phn mm xy dng Nhm tc gi han thin chng trnh phn mm thu thp s liu v c tuyn lm vic ca cc tn hiu cm bin lu lng kh np. Ngai ra, giao din chng trnh thu thp d liu gip chng ta c th d dng xc lp cc thng s nh gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca tn hiu ADC, knh vt l cn o. ng thi hin th gi tr o v cho bit lch s, thng tin qu trnh o c cng nh t ng dn lu file kt qu ca php o. Kt qu m phng thut ton Giao din v kt qu m phng c trnh by trong hnh 4.1. Tn hiu lu lng c m phng c gi tr t: 0-200 m3/h. Tn hiu m phng ny c th c thay th khi m hnh m phng kt ni vi ng c thc qua card giao tip vi my tnh thu thp tn hiu lu lng. Trn hnh 4.1, ta thy cng mt gi tr lu lng 120 m3/h, gi tr in p ca cm bin cnh trt in p gim l 0.837 V, so vi ca cm bin o gi loi dy nhit Toyota l 2.881 V. Sau khi thc hin thut tan chuyn i cm bin o gi loi dy nhit Toyota Altis thay cho cm bin o gi cnh trt loi gim, ta thy, in p cm bin o gi loi cnh trt gim ( th mu vng), tnh t cm o gi loi bin dy nhit Toyota Altis ( th mu trng), c gi tr chnh xc bng in p o c t cm bin o gi loi cnh trt gim nguyn thy ( th mu xanh). Cc 46

ct in p c m phng cung cp thng tin so snh mc in p ca cc cm bin cng mt gi tr lu lng. ng h lu lng hin th lu lng m phng tc thi.

Hnh 4.1 Giao din v kt qu m phng T hai th U Vsg chuyn v U Vsg ta thy, ECU ph thc hin thut tan chuyn c tuyn lm vic ca cm bin thay th thnh c tuyn lm vic ca cm bin c thay th. Kt qu l tn hiu i vo ECU chnh s han tan khng i nh khi s dng cm bin nguyn thy. 5. Kt lun S dng card NI 6009 v phn mm thu thp xy dng t LabVIEW trong thc nghim, cho php nhm tc gi thc hin nhanh chng v chnh xc qu trnh thu thp d liu v xy dng c tuyn lm vic ca nhiu cm bin, nh phn gii ca b ADC ln cng nh kh nng t ng kt ni, t ng lu file Excel, v t ng v th theo thi gian thc ca chng trnh. Qu trnh thu thp s dng card NI 6009 c th thc hin vi duy nht dy ni USB, hai dy tn hiu cn o ti card m khng cn thm bt k ngun ring cho card NI 6009. T kt qu m hnh m phng thut tan khng nh c rng, vic chuyn i cm bin lu lng kh np han tan c th thc hin c trn cc vi iu khin hin c ti Vit Nam. Tham kho [1] Nguyn B Hi , Lp trnh LabVIEW, 2007 [2] Vn Dng. Trang b in ng c. Nh XB HQG TP HCM 2004 [2] Jeffrey Travis, LabVIEW for Everyone, 2007 [3] Do Van Dung, Tran Thanh Thuong, Airflowmeter characteristic converter, ICAT, 2005 [4] www.vagam.net [5] www.ni.com/labview

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