(Probiotics

and Prebiotics)
Anonymous
31 2551 17:00

278-005
:
278
- :
2008

.
?
International Life Science Institute 1998

76

Plinio

.




Elie Metnikoff

.








. .. 2451. 80

1014
(Savage DC. Microbial 1977;31:107-33.).

V. cholerae, Shigella, Salmonella.

pseudomonas, staphylococci,

protease, clostridium, veillonellae.

.

E. coli,
.
streptococci, bacteroides enterococci.

bifidobacteria, lactobacilli eubacteria.




(resistant starch), (oligosaccharides)

(inulin).

4


(function
food)

(health germs).

. Allen Walker

"Hygiene hypothesis"
10

.
.

(microbes for food).

(food for

microbes)

.

1.





.
2.

.

(bacteriocin)

3.



.


4.



.

5.







(gut- associated lymphocyte tissue, GALT)

(better train)

(window of opportunity)

.





.












.

(bifidobacteria).

99% ( pH 5.0-5.7)

.
(bacteriodes) (

pH 7.0-7.5) (proprionic acid)

(butyric acid).

.



.. 2441
Henri Tressier

.



.



Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT)
(sensor)




secretory IgA .



.

(bacterial-epithelial
cross talk)







(pseudoreceptor)

.
.


.



.

.

30

(bifidobacteria)
200
(lactobacilli)
(meta-analysis) 9

(randomized, controlled-double blind study).








(106109 )



5 .


(IgA)

(
(vaccine adjuvant).

(antibiotic associated diarrhea).


(Streptococcus thermophilus).







.







12

.




.

1.

Streptococcus thermophilus

.

Lactobacillus bulgaricus






.

.


.
.

Bifdobacteria breve (Katajima et al.

1997)

.

(necrotizing
(meta-analysis)
enterocolitis) .






.





7

1.





.
2.
.
3.
.

4.
.

5.


.
6. .
7.

.

( 2 3).
< 9 ,

20-60 1.5 /.

(Fructo-oligosaccharides, FOS ).
(Galacto-oligosaccharides, GOS ).

(Complex oligosaccharides) .

.

.

function food

(satiety) .

glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1)

5-10 /.

 ..,

, ,

?

(functional food)





1
1

(Parker, 1974)

(Salminen et
al., 1998)

(Fuller, 1989)

(Dimer & Gibson, 1998; Zimmer &
Gibson, 1998; Holzapfel & Schillinger,
2002; Fuller, 1989)

(Havenaar &
Huis int Veld, 1992)

(De Roos &
Katan ,2000; Lee & Salminen, 1995;
WHO/FAO, 2002)

 /

(Reuter, 1997)

(Lee et al. 1999;
Salminen et al.1999)

(Lee, 1995; Huis int Veld & Havenaar, 1991; Rambaud et al., 1993;
Farnworth, 2001)

1.
2.

3.
4.
5. ()
6.
7.

( 3)

bacillus

obacterium

acidophilus La5

casei

Shirota

Black
-


1991
Sugita
Togaw



1994
-
-

Aso et
1995
Nagao
al. 200

Crispatus
fermentum

johnsonii

KLD

La1

-
Helicobacter pylori
-

paracasei

LinkAmste
al. 199
Felley
al. 200

F19

plantarum

299v

reuteri

SD2112

rhamnosus

GG

salivarius

UCC118

breve
longum

BB536

lactis

Bb12

Niedzi
et al. 2
Bukow
-
et al. 1
Shorn


et al. 1
Guand


et al. 2
Kaila e
-



1992
Gupta
-
al. 200
Kalliom
-

et al.
2001b
Majam
& Isol
1997
Mattil
-
Sandh
et al. 1
-

Brigid
al. 200

Isolau
al. 200

Saave


et al. 1
-
-

Black
1989
LinkAmste
al. 199

onibacterium reudenreichii JS

us

erichia

ococcus

haromyces

subtilis
cereus

toyoi

coli

Nissle 1917

faecium

SF68

cerevisiae

boulardii

Malch
1997

Guslan
et al. 2

: Ouwehand et al. (2002)

2
:www.biotech.bham.ac.uk