tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf(bk&m;oQif)u vlom;rsm;twGuf/ vlom;wdk‹.

yifudkp&dkufESifh
toifhawmfqkH;tjzpf a±G;cs,fay;xm;aomomoemonf tpPvmrfomoemyifjzpfayonf?
tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfu t&Sifjrwf. omoemawmfudk vlom;rsm;vdkufemusifhokH;&mwGif t
vG,fulqkH;jzpfatmif pDpOfowfrSwfay;xm;awmfrl.? tpPvmrfbmomY vlom;wdk‹.b0
&Sifoefa&;wGif usOf;usyfatmif uef‹owfxm;aom 0efxkyf0efydk;rsm;tm;vkH;udk &kwfodrf;
vdkufavonf? vlom;wdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.
oabmwlnDcsufudk &,latmif pl;prf;a&G;cs,f&if; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudkomv#if tm;udk;
tm;xm;rSDcdkI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu owfrSwfay;xm;aomuH-urRmudk vufcHoabmwl&ef
tpPvmrfomoemu oif-um;ay;onf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf xdkt&Sifjrwfonf tpOf
rjywfoem;-uifemawmfrlxaom r[mu&k%mawmf&SifjzpfI tpOftjrJcGifhv$wfawmfrl
aomt&Sif jzpfaoma-umifhwnf;? ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom olawmfpOfrsm;twGuf tppt&m
&mudk &nf&G,fcsuftjynfht0jzifh zefqif;xm;awmfrlavonf? xdkt&Sifjrwfonf t&mcyf
odrf;udk pdk;rdk;pGrf;aqmifEdkifaom teEWwefcdk;tmEkabmf&Sifvnf; jzpfayonf?
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf rdrdcsrSwf ay;oem;awmfrlaom
omoemonf vG,fulonfhtjyif xdkomoemudk vdkufemusifhokH;olwdk‹twGuf tppt&m&m
udk vG,fulaponf[k rdef‹qdkxm;avonf?
“igt&Sifjrwfonf toifhtm; vG,fulaom&S&Dtwfw&m;vrf;pOfudk (vdkufemusifhokH;&ef)
vG,fulapawmfrlrnf?” (pl&m tvftvm 87;8)
“‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹.zcif(eADwrefawmf) tDAf&m[Drf.omoemenf;wl
toifwdk‹tay:Yvnf; ‘'Def’omoemawmfY rnfonfhusyfwnf;cJ,Of;r+wpfpkHwpf&mudkr#yif
jyKawmfrrlcJhacs?” (pl&m tvf[*sf 22;78)
u|Ekfyfwdk‹.wrefawmfrk[rR'f(qGv†v†m[ktvdkifa[h0pvfvrf)u Ttm,wfawmf
rsm;t& u|Ekfyfwdk‹ omoemudk vdkufemusifhokH;&mwGif “omoemonf vG,fulapjcif;jzpf
onf?” (blcg&Dusrf;)[k rdef‹-um;awmfrlcJhayonf?
“vlrsm;twGuf t&m&mrSm vG,fulatmifjyK-uyg? olwdk‹twGuftcuftcJjzpfatmif
rjyK-uygESifh? r*Fvmowif;rsm;jzifh olwdk‹udk udk,fpdwfat;csrf;om,mapyg? olwdk‹udk jiif;
y,fyxkwfjcif; rjyK-uukef?” (blcg&Dusrf;)
TpmtkyfwGif/ wrefawmfjrwf(qG). oGefoifcsuft&/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. omo
emonf rnfr#vG,fulaomomoemjzpfa-umif; u|Efkyfwdk‹owd&ap&ef Ed+;aqmfxm;ayonf?
xdk‹aemuf tpPvmrfomoemonf vlom;rsm;twGuf/ vlom;wdk‹.yifudkp&dkufESifh toifh
awmfqkH;jzpfa-umif;/ vdkufemusifhokH;&mwGif oufaomifhoufom &Sdonfhtjyif om,m&$if
vef;jcif;&Sda-umif;udkvnf; az:jyxm;onf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfrS udk,fusifhw&m;t
wdkif; aexkdifjcif;onf vl‹b0twGuf taumif;qkH;jzpfa-umif;vnf; az:jyxm;ygonf?

2
 Tpmtkyfudk [m&Gef,[f,m[laom uavmiftrnfjzifha&;om;ol
pma&;q&m-uD;onf/ wl&uDEdkifiH tefum&mjrKdŒY 1956ckESpfwGif
arG;zGm;cJhI/ tefum&mjrKdŒwGifyif txufwef; ausmif;ynmoif,lcJh
avonf? tpPwefblvfjrKdŒ&Sd rDrm&fqDeefwuUodkvfwGif0dZ…mbmom
&yfudk qufvufqnf;yl;um 0dZ…mbGJ‹ESifhr[m0dZ…mbGJ‹udkqGwfcl;cJhav
onf? xdk‹aemuf tpPwefblvfwuUodkvfrS '\eduaA'bmom&yfjzifh yg&*lbGJ‹udk qGwf
cl;cJhavonf? 1980ckESpfrSpI EdkifiHa&;odyH`bmom&yf/ odyH`bmom&yfESifh ,kH-unfcsufqdkif
&mta&;rsm;ESifhywfoufonfh pmtkyfrsm;udk a&;om;xkwfa0cJhayonf? tDAdkvl;&Sif; ac:
wpfpwpfpqifhuJajymif;vJjzpfay:jcif;tawG;tac:0g'Drsm;.ta,mifaqmif vdrfvnfr+ESifh
‚if;wdk‹.tcdkiftrmtqdkjyKcsufrsm;onf usKd;a-umif;qDavsmfr+r&Sda-umif;tjyif/ 'g0if0g'
ESifhwuG urBmay:wGif aoG;acsmif;pD;apcJhonfh zufqpf0g'ESifh uGefjrLepf0g'wdk‹udk aemuf
uG,frSaeI qufpyfay;aeolwdk‹ta-umif;udk pmtkyfaygif;rsm;pGma&;om;I az:xkwfcJhav
onf?
[m&Gef,[f,m. pmtkyfrsm;onf/ urBmwpf0Srf;vkH;&Sd pmzwfoly&d\wfu -udKufESpfouf
jcif;&Sdonfhtjyif/ tajrmuftjrm;aom yk*~dKvfwdk‹udk tpPvmrfomoemodk‹ jyefvnfa&muf&Sd
vmapI olwdk‹. tDrmef,kH-unfcsufudkvnf; ydkrdkcdkifrmap&mwGif ta&;ygvSayonf? [m
&Gef,[f,m.pmtkyfrsm;onf uav;/ vl-uD;/ vli,fvl&G,f/ vlrsdK;ra&G; pdwf0ifpm;-uo
jzifh tus,fw0ifh zwf±+-uayonf? pmzwfoltm; tv†m[ft&Sif jrwfwnf&Sda-umif;/
xdkt&Sifjrwfonf wpfyg;wnf;aomt&Sifjrwfjzpfa-umif;/ xdkt&Sifjrwf vrf;n$efonfht
wdkif; aexdkifoifha-umif; ponfhta&;-uD;onfhtcsuftajrmuftrsm;udk pOf;pm;qifjcif
awG;awm&ef t"duxm;I wdkufwGef;Ed+;aqmfxm;.?

3
4
 ISLAM:
THE RELIGION OF EASE

tpPvmrfonf
vG,fulaom
omoemjzpf.
tv†[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹tbdk‹
oufomacsmifcsdr+udk tvdk&Sdawmfrlayonf?
toifwdk‹tbdk‹ cufcJr+udkum; vdkvm;awmfrlonfr[kwfacs?
(pl&m[f tvfbuf&m[f 2;185)

a&;ol

[m±Gef ,[f,m
(Harun Yahya)

5
 tvDwef*Gef;

rS

ukodkvfjzpf

jrefrmbmomjyefqdkonf?

2007ckESpf ZGefv 29 &ufae‹

6
 pma&;olta-umif;
(About the Author)
Tpmtkyfudk [m&Gef,[f,m[laom uavmiftrnfjzifha&;om;ol pma&;q&m-uD;onf/
wl&uDEdkifiH tefum&mjrKdŒY 1956ckESpfwGif arG;zGm;cJhI/ tefum&mjrKdŒwGifyif txufwef;
ausmif;ynmoif,lcJhavonf? tpPwefblvfjrKdŒ&Sd rDrm&fqDeefwuUodkvfwGif0dZ…mbmom&yf
udk qufvufqnf;yl;um 0dZ…mbGJ‹ESifhr[m0dZ…mbGJ‹udkqGwfcl;cJhavonf? xdkaemuf tpPwef
blvfwuUodkvfrS '\eduaA'bmom&yfjzifh yg&*lbGJ‹udk qGwfcl;cJhavonf? 1980ckESpfrSp
I EdkifiHa&;odyH`bmom&yf/ odyH`bmom&yfESifh ,kH-unfcsufqdkif&mta&;rsm;ESifhywfoufonfh
pmtkyfrsm;udk a&;om;xkwfa0cJhayonf? tDAdkvl;&Sif;ac:wpfpwpfpqifhuJajymif;vJjzpfay:
jcif;tawG;tac:0g'Drsm;.ta,mifaqmifvdrfvnfr+ESifh ‚if;wdk‹.tcdkiftrmtqdkjyKcsuf
rsm;onf usKd;a-umif;qDavsmfr+r&Sda-umif;tjyif/ 'g0if0g'ESifhwuG urBmay:wGif aoG;
acsmif;pD;apcJhonfh zufqpf0g'ESifh uGefjrLepf0g'wdk‹udk aemufuG,frSaeI qufpyfay;aeol
wdk‹ta-umif;udk pmtkyfaygif; rsm;pGma&;om;I az:xkwfcJhavonf?
ol.uavmiftrnfonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk r,kH-unfr+wGif twdkuftcHvkyfcJh&mY
ausmf-um;aom wrefawmfESpfyg;jzpfonfh [m&Gef(tm&Gef)ESifh ,[f,m(a,m[ef)wdk‹.t
rnfESpfckudk aygif;pyfxm;aomtrnfjzpfayonf? Tpmtkyf.rsufESmzkH;rsm;wGifygonfh
wrefawmfjrwf.wHqdyfonf pmtkyftwGif;&Sdta-umif;tcsufrsm;ESifh qufpyfvsuf &Sdaeyg
onf? aemufqkH;usrf;awmfjrwfjzpfonfh uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfESifh aemufqkH;wrefawmf
jrwfjzpfonfh rdk[rR'f(qGv†v†m[k tvdkif;a[h0qv†rf)wdk‹udk udk,fpm;jyKxm;jcif;jzpfay.?
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfESifh qGEMwf(wrefawmfjrwf.-o0g'usifhpOf)rsm;.oGefoifcsuft&/
bk&m;rJh0g'wdk‹.tajccHa&aomufjrpftcsuftvufrsm;udk oufaoom"ursm;ESifhtwl acs
yacszsufI/ bmomt,l0g'rsm;udk wm;jrpfpGyfpGJaomtoHrsm;udk wdwfqdwfoGm;apygonf?
ynmhtvif;udk&&SdI yuwdjynfhpkHaumif;rGefaom tusifhoduQmESifhudk,fusifhw&m;rsm;jzifh
jynfhpkHonfh aemufqkH;wrefawmfjrwf. wHqdyfawmfudktokH;jyKI xdkbk&m;rJh0g'Dwdk‹.
toHudk wdwfqdwfoGm;apjcif;jzpfygonf?
[m&Gef,[f,ma&;om;onfhpmayrsm;onf/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf.owif;rSm-um;csuf
rsm;udk ydk‹oay;I/ pmzwfolwdk‹udk ,kH-unfcsufESifhoufqdkifonfh tajccHtcsuftvufrsm;
udk pOf;pm;qifjcifokH;oyfjcif;jzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfwnf&Sda-umif;ESifh xdkt&Sifjrwfonf
wpfyg;wnf;aomt±Sifjrwf jzpfawmfrla-umif;udk od&Sd-uI/ azgufjyefaombk&m;rJhtawG;
tac:rsm;. usKd;a-umif;cdkifvkHr+r&Sdonfh tajccHrsm;udkaz:xkwfjyo&efom t"duyef;wdkif
jzpfayonf?
[m&Gef,[f,ma&;om;onfhpmtkyfrsm;udk tdEdN,EdkifiHrStar&duefEdkifiHtxd/ t*FvefEdkifiHrS
tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHtxd/ ydkvefEdkifiHrS abmhpeD;,m;EdkifiHtxd/ pydefEdkifiHrSb&mZD;vfEdkifiHtxd/
p ojzifh urBmtESH‹tjym;rS pmzwfy&d\wfwdk‹ zwf±+-uygonf? t*Fvdyf/ jyifopf/ *smref/
pydef/ tDwvD/ ay:wl*D/ tl&'l/ tm&AsD/ tvfab;eD;,ef;/ &k&Sm;/ qmbdk=c&dktuf/ ydkvef/

7
rav;/ tGD*k&f/ wl&uDESifh tif'dkeD;&Sm;bmompum;rsm;jzifh jyefqdkxm;onfudkvnf; zwf±+Edkif
ygonf? Tpmtkyfonf jrefrmbmomjzifh jyefqdkonfh 'kwd,pmtkyfjzpfygonf?
[m&Gef,[f,m. pmtkyfrsm;onf/ urBmwpf0Srf;vkH;&Sd pmzwfoly&d\wf. -udKufESpfouf
jcif;&Sdonfhtjyif/ tajrmuftjrm;aom yk*~dKvfwdk‹udk tpPvmrfomoemodk‹ jyefvnfa&muf&Sd
vmapI olwdk‹. tDrmef,kH-unfcsufudkvnf; ydkrdkcdkifrmap&mwGif ta&;ygvSayonf? ol.
pmom;rsm;onf Om%ftajrmftjrifESifhjynfhpkHI &Sif;vif;jywfom;onfhtjyif/ em;vnf
oabmaygufvG,faom a&;enf;a&;[efrsm;jzpfum/ zwf±+ol.todw&m;udk vG,fulpGm
yGifhvif;apygonf? TpmtkyfwGifa&;om;xm;aomtcsufrsm;onf/ &kyf0g'tawG;tac:
rsm;udk vsifjrefxda&mufpGmacsyxm;jcif;rsm;jzifh pDukH;xm;aoma-umifh/ Tpmtkyfrsm;udk
tav;teufxm;olwdk‹onfvnf; bk&m;rJh0g'ESifhtwl tjcm;azgufjyefaomtawG;tac:
rsm;udk qufvufaxmufcH-uawmhrnfr[kwfay? tu,fI qufvufaxmufcHae-u
ao;aomfvnf;/ wrifoufoufayuyfaejcif;omjzpfayvdrfhrnf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/
Tpmtkyfrsm;onf xdkuJhodk‹aom tawG;tac:rsm;udk ‚if;wdk‹.tajccH&m tkwfjrpfrsm;rS
pwifI vSefvdkufjcif;a-umifh jzpfygonf? ,ae‹vuf&SdtcsdefwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk
jiif;y,faomv+yf&Sm;r+rsm;tm;vkH;onf/ [m&Gef,[f,m.pmtkyfrsm;a-umifh tawG;tac:
t& ppfa&;±+H;edrfhoGm;-ujyD;jzpfonf?
,if;&v'frsm;onf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf&SdOm%ftvif;ESifh ,if;.&Sif;vif;jywfom;r+
rsm;a-umifhjzpfonfrSm ,kHrSm;oHo,r&SdEdkifawmhay? pma&;olonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.
vrf;rSefudk trsm;vlom;rsm;&SmazGpl;prf;&mwGif taxmuftuljzpfap&ef &dk;om;aom apw
emt&if;cH &nf&G,fcsufxm;&Sdygonf? Tpmtkyfrsm;udk a&;om; xkwfa0aomvkyfief;wGif
rnf onfh&kyf0wˆKtjrwftpGef;udkr# ar#mfudk;jcif;tvsif;r&Sdyg?
Tpmtkyfrsm;udk tjcm;olrsm;zwf±+&ef tm;ay;ulnD&if;/ ‚if;wdk‹udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.
opPm&Sdaomaus;u|efrsm;jzpfvmatmif olwdk‹.pdwfESvkH;om;rsm;udkzGifhay;I tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwf.vrf;pOfodk‹ ac:aqmifoGm;Edkifolwdk‹onf wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifavmufatmif -uD;us,faom
tusKd;aqmifolrsm;yifjzpfayonf?
,QKtcsdefwGif vlrsm;.pdwfudk Za0Z0g±+yfaxG;apI/ olwdk‹.pdwfxJ&Sd 'Gd[oHo,jzpfaejcif;
rsm;udkxda&mufpGm &Sif;vif;apEdkifjcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif cdkifvkHaomoufaoom"ursm;r&Sdonfh
±+yfaxG;aomtawG;tac:qDodk‹ OD;aqmifoGm;Edkifrnfhpmtkyfrsm;udk jzef‹a0jcif;onf tv[
\tcsdefjzKef;aejcif;omv#ifjzpfaeygvdrfhrnf? vltrsm;tm; tDref,kH-unfr+aysmufuG,fae
jcif;rSu,fwifvdkonfhrGefjrwfaom&nf&G,fcsuftpm;/ pma&;ol. pmaytpGrf;udkjy&efudk
om t"duxm;onfhpmtkyfrsm;onf xda&mufr+r&SdEdkifay? Ttcsufudk oHo,jzpfol
wdkif;onf [m&Gef,[f,m. pmtkyfwGif/ tDref,kH-unfr+uif;rJhjcif;udkcsKd;ESdrfausmfv$m;I
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf. oif-um;csufusifhpOfwefzdk;rsm;udkomt"duxm; jzef‹jzL;onfudk
-unfhI/ pdwf&Sif;oGm;Edkifygonf? TtusKd;aqmifcsuf.atmifjrifr+onf pmzwfolwdk‹.
cH,lcsuf tay:wGif o&kyfouefay:vGifvmrnfomjzpf.?
,ae‹urBmay:wGif &ufpuf-urf;-uKwfr+/ oabmxm;uGJvGJr+a-umifh&ifqdkifwdkufcdkufyËdyuQ
jzpfae-ujcif;ESifhtwl vltrsm;-uKHawG‹ae-u&onfh tjcm;'kuQqif;&Jjcif;taygif;wdk‹onf/

8
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk r,kH-unfjiif;y,fonfh tawG;tac:rsm;v$rf;rdk;r+a-umifhjzpfonfudk
ta&;-uD;qkH;tcsuftjzpf rSwfom;xm;&efvdktyfygonf? xdk'kuQyifv,frS vGwfajrmufEdkif
&efrSm tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. tHhzG,frcef;aom zef;qif;jcif;udk owdw&m;&&Sd-ujyD; xdkt&Sif
jrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif oif-um;ydk‹csxm;aom usifh0wfw&m;a'oemawmfrsm;
udk jzef‹csdjcif;jzifh rdpm>'dXdtawG;tac:udk qkH;cef;wdkifacszsufypf&efvdktyfayonf? vuf&Sd
urBmhtajctaeudk -unfhvdkufygu/ t-urf;zufjcif;rsKd;pkHESifh azgufjyefr+yËdyuQtrsKd;rsKd;odk‹
omv#if a&SŒ±+OD;wnfvsuf&Sdaeojzifh/ tcsdefraESmif;rD tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.a'oemawmfudk
xda&mufpGmESifh vsifjrefpGmydk‹csjzef‹a0&ef vdktyfaea-umif; xif&Sm;aeayonf?
,if;-uKd;yrf;csufwGif/ [m&Gef,[f,ma&;om;aom pmtkyfrsm;onf a&SŒwef;rSyg0ifvsuf&Sd
ayonf? tif&Smtv†m[f (tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftvdkawmf&Sdygu)/ ESpfq,fhwpf&mpkESpf&Sd urBm
olurBmom;rsm;onf/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif uwdu0wfjyKxm;onfhtwdkif; jidrf;csrf;
r+/ w&m;r#wr+ESifh om,maysmf&$ifr+rsm;udk &&Sdatmifay;aqmif&mwGif Tpmtkyfrsm;rS
wpfqifh &±Sdaom todw&m;rsm;u wpfpdwfwpfa'otjzpf yg0ifEdkifygvdrfhrnf?

9
 ISLAM:
THE RELIGION OF EASE

tpPvmrfonf
vG,fulaom
omoemjzpf.

[m±Gef ,[f,m

10
 pmzwfolodk‹ (To the Reader)
tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&D ysufokOf;oGm;jcif;ta-umif;udk TpmtkyfY txl;tcef;wpfcef;tjzpf az:
jyxm;ygonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ ToDtdk&Donf/ bk&m;rJh0g'ESifh bmomt,l0g'udk
qef‹usifonfh tawG;tac:rsm;tm;vkH;. tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; yg&Sdaoma-umifh jzpfyg
onf? 'g0if0g'u zefqif;jcif;,kH-unfcsufudk jiif;y,fvdkufjcif;jzifh/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf
&Sdjcif;udkvnf; jiif;y,f&m a&mufaoma-umifh/ vGefcJhonfh ESpfaygif; 140ausmftwGif; vlt
ajrmuftjrm;udk olwdk‹.bmomt,l0g',kH-unfcsufrsm;udk pGef‹v$wfoGm;apcJhjcif; 'dG[oHo
,&Sdapjcif;rsm; jyKcJhayonf? xdk‹a-umifh ‚if;oDtdk&DtawG;tac:onf vdrfvnfvSnfhpm;
jcif;omv#ifjzpfa-umif;udk vltrsm;od&Sdoabmayguf&Sif;vif;atmif wifjy&efrSm rvkyf
rae&wm0ef jzpfayonf? pmzwfy&dowftcsdKŒonf u|Efkyfwdk‹.pmtkyftcsdKŒudkom zwfrd
-urnfjzpfaoma-umifh/ xdkoDtdk&Dta-umif;udk tusOf;csKyfI az:jyoifhonf[k ,lqygonf?
pma&;ola&;om;cJhaom pmtkyftm;vkH;wGif/ bmoma&;,kH-unfr+ESifhywfoufI uk&ftmef
usrf;awmfjrwftm,wfawmfrsm;jzifh &Sif;jyI/ pmzwfoludk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. rdef‹-um;
oGefoifcsufrsm;udk avhvmrSwfom;um xdkoGefoifcsufrsm;twdkif; aexdkif&ef zdwfac:xm;
ayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. trdef‹awmfrsm;ESifh ywfoufaomta-umif;&yfrsm;udk
&Sif;jy&mY pmzwfol.pdwfwGif 'Gd[oHo,uif;&Sif;I aemufxyfar;cGefrsm;xkwf&ef r&Sd
Edkifatmif &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;ayonf? pma&;ol. pdwf&if;apwemrSeft&if;cHaom a&;
enf;a&;[efESifh vG,ful&Sif;vif;aomtokH;tE+ef;rsm;onf pmzwfolvl-uD;vli,f t&G,f
wdkif;ESifh vlr+a&;tkyfpkwdkif;u vG,fulpGmem;vnfoabmaygufEdkifygonf? xda&mufI &Sif;
vif;aompmom;rsm;a-umifh wpfxdkifwnf;wGif tjyD;zwf±+Edkifayonf? bmomt,l0g'rsm;
udk jyif;xefpGmjiif;y,folwdk‹yifv#if/ Tpmtkyfyg rSefuefonfh&Sif;vif;csufESifh udk;um;csuf
rsm;udk jiif;qefI r&Edkif-uacs?
TpmtkyfESifhtwl pma&;ol. usefpmtkyftm;vkH;wdk‹udk wpfOD;csif;zwfjcif; odk‹r[kwf tkyfpk
vdkuf aqG;aEG;jcif;jyKEdkifygonf? pma&;ol.pmtkyfrsm;rS tusKd;aus;Zl;&&Sdvdkolwdk‹twGuf
tkyfpkzGJ‹I aqG;aEG;&eftvGefoifhavsmfygonf? xdkodk‹jyKjcif;jzifh wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;. tjrif
ESifh tawG‹t-uHKrsm;udk ESD;aESmzvS,fEdkifrnfjzpf.?
xdk‹tjyif/ Tpmtkyfudk a&;om;jcif;onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.ESpfoufjcif;udk &,l&efudk
om&nf&G,faoma-umifh/ zwf±+jcif;ESifh ykHESdyfxkwfa0jcif;onf -uD;us,faomtpPvmrfhtusdK;
aqmifjcif;yifjzpfayonf? Tpma&;q&m.pmtkyfrsm;onf zwfaumif;&kHru ,kH-unf
xdkufaompmtkyfrsm;jzpfygonf? xdk‹a-umifh/ rSefuefaom bmomt,l0g'twGuf tjcm;ol
rsm;udk qufoG,f&mY Tpmtkyfrsm;udk zwf±+&efwdkufwGef;jcif;onf taumif;qkH;aom enf;
vrf;jzpfygonf?
Tpma&;ol.pmtkyfrsm;wGif/ pma&;ol.yk*~vdutjrifrsm;/ 'Gd[oHo,jzpfzG,faom udk;
um;csufrsm;jzifh&Sif;vif;wifjyjcif;/ &dkaoav;pm;xdkufaomrGefjrwfonfht&mrsm;ESifh ,kH
-unfcsufrsm;udk xdyg;onfhtokH;tE+ef;rsm;/ pmzwfol.pdwfudk ±+yfaxG;aprnfh a0zef
okH;oyfcsufrsm; uif;&Sif;ygonf?

11
 rmwdum
ed'gef; 9

uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf
vG,fulr+twGuf vrf;n$efjzpf. 11

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vG,fulr+udkom
trdef‹ay;awmfrl. 16

uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf&Sdudk,fusifhw&m;
usifh0wftwdkif; aexdkifjcif;.
oufomacsmifcsdr+rsm; 45

±d+ifwGmef. aysmhnHhaom vSnfhuGuf 65

ed*kH; 68

tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&D.vdrfvnfr+ 70

12
 ed'gef;?(Introduction)
tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf(bk&m;oQif)u vlom;rsm;twGuf/ vlom;wdk‹.yifudkp&dkufESifh
toifhawmfqkH;tjzpf a±G;cs,fay;xm;aomomoemonf tpPvmrfomoemyifjzpfayonf?
tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfu t&Sifjrwf. omoemawmfudk vlom;rsm;vdkufemusifhokH;&mwGif t
vG,fulqkH;jzpfatmif pDpOfowfrSwfay;xm;awmfrl.? tpPvmrfbmomY vlom;wdk‹.b0
&Sifoefa&;wGif usOf;usyfatmif uef‹owfxm;aom 0efxkyf0efydk;rsm;tm;vkH;udk &kwfodrf;
vdkufavonf? vlom;wdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.
oabmwlnDcsufudk &,latmif pl;prf;a&G;cs,f&if; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudkomv#if tm;udk;
tm;xm;rSDcdkI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu owfrSwfay;xm;aomuH-urRmudk vufcHoabmwl&ef
tpPvmrfomoemu oif-um;ay;onf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf xdkt&Sifjrwfonf tpOf
rjywfoem;-uifemawmfrlxaom r[mu&k%mawmf&SifjzpfI tpOftjrJcGifhv$wfawmfrl
aomt&Sif jzpfaoma-umifhwnf;? ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom olawmfpOfrsm;twGuf tppt&m
&mudk &nf&G,fcsuftjynfht0jzifh zefqif;xm;awmfrlavonf? xdkt&Sifjrwfonf t&mcyf
odrf;udk pdk;rdk;pGrf;aqmifEdkifaom teEWwefcdk;tmEkabmf&Sifvnf; jzpfayonf?
jzpfysufor#udpPt00udk pdk;rdk;xdef;odrf;pDrHvsuf&Sdaom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk csOf;
uyfrdwfzGJ‹jcif;onf vlom;wpfa,muf.b0wGif awG‹-uHK&onfhtcuftcJ pdk;&drfa-umifh-u
r+ a-umuf&GHŒr+rSefor#udk qkH;cef;wdkifyaysmufapjcif; rnfayonf? TomoemtwGif; ae
xdkifjcif;.ta&;-uD;qkH;tcsufrSm xdkt&Sifjrwfay;xm;aom vSyvG,fulaom omoemh
abmiftwGif;Y touf&Sifaexdkifjcif;yif jzpfayonf? xdk‹jyif xdktv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf rdrd
.trdef‹rsm;udk vlwdk‹.yifudkp&dkuftajctaersm;ESifh udkufnDI usyfwnf;cJ,Of;r+ r&Sdap
atmif pDpOfxm;avonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf rdrdcsrSwf
ay;oem;awmfrlaomomoemonf vG,fulonfhtjyif xdkomoemudk vdkufemusifhokH;olwdk‹
twGuf tppt&m&mudk vG,fulaponf[k rdef‹qdkxm;avonf?
xdkrSwyg; igt&Sifjrwfonf toifhtm; wjznf;jznf; vG,fulr+odk‹ ydk‹ay;awmfrlrnf?
(0g)
“igt&Sifjrwfonf toifhtm; vG,fulaom&S&Dtwfw&m;vrf;pOfudk (vdkufemusifhokH;&ef)
vG,fulapawmfrlrnf?” (pl&m tvftvm 87;8)
“‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹.zcif(eADwrefawmf) tDAf&m[Drf.omoemenf;wl
toifwdk‹tay:Yvnf; ‘'Def’omoemawmfY rnfonfhusyfwnf;cJ,Of;r+wpfpkHwpf&mudkr#yif
jyKawmfrrlcJhacs?” (pl&m tvf[*sf 22;78)
u|Ekfyfwdk‹.wrefawmfrk[rR'f(qGv†v†m[ktvdkifa[h0pvfvrf)u Ttm,wfawmf
rsm;t& u|Ekfyfwdk‹omoemudk vdkufemusifhokH;&mwGif “omoemonf vG,fulapjcif;jzpf
onf?” (blcg&Dusrf;)[k rdef‹-um;awmfrlcJhayonf?

13
 omoemwGifouf0if,kH-unfI vdkufemusifhokH;&mwGif cufcJr+rsm;jzifh jynfheufae
onf/ xdktcuftcJrsm;onfvnf; ppfrSefaomomoemhusifhpOfrsm;jzpfonf[k vltrsm;u
xifjrif,lqatmif omoemudkaoGjznfjiif;qefol umzd&frGwf&S&dcf(wpfyg;ruaom ewfbk
&m;rsm;udk udk;uG,fol)wdk‹u tjcm;olwdk‹udk omoemrSuif;uGmoGm;ap&eftwGuf jznfhpGuf
xm;onfh tcsufrsm;jzpfayonf? tcsKdŒaomolwdk‹onf ,if;tcsufrsm;udk vdkufemusifhokH;
jcif;tm;jzifh vltrsm;u rdrdtm; omoemudktvGefudkif;±+dif;oltjzpf vufcH-u&eftwGuf
bef;jy&eftvdk‹iSg xdkcufcJr+rsm;udk vdkufemusifhokH;-uonf? odk‹aomfvnf; u|Ekfyfwdk‹.
wrefawmfrk[rR'f(qG)u udk,fawmfjrwf.tyg;awmfom0ursm;tm; omoemudkvdkufem
usifhokH;&mwGif “ydkrdkvG,fulatmif”jyK-u&ef rdef‹-um;cJhavonf? xdk‹a-umifh ajzmifhrwfrSef
uefaom rGwfpvifrsm;taejzifh ,if;omoemhpnf;urf;rsm;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.trdef‹
tjzpfomv#if vdkufemusifhokH;-uI vG,fulaomt&mrsm;udk cufcJatmifzefwD;um xkdcuf
cJr+.qdk;usKd;udk cHpm;atmifrjyKoifha-umif; oGefoifqkH;rcJhavonf? TudpPESifhywfoufI
wrefawmfjrwf(qG). jrGwf-um;csuf ['DqfrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf?
“vlrsm;twGuf t&m&mrSm vG,fulatmifjyK-uyg? olwdk‹twGuftcuftcJjzpfatmif
rjyK-uygESifh? r*Fvmowif;rsm;jzifh olwdk‹udk udk,fpdwfat;csrf;om,mapyg? olwdk‹
udk jiif;y,fyxkwfjcif; rjyK-uukef?” (blcg&Dusrf;)
TpmtkyfwGif wrefawmfjrwf.oGefoifcsuft& tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. omoemt
wGif; rnfr#vG,fulpGm vdkufemusifhokH;aexdkifEdkifa-umif;udk owday;xm;ygonf? xdk‹tjyif
tpPvmrfomoemonf vltrsm;.yifudkp&dkufESifhudkufnDpGm oufomacsmifcsdI om,maysmf
&$ifaomb0tjzpfaexdkifEdkifa-umif;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;ygonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmf
jrwfwGif jyqdkxm;aomb0usifhpOfonf vlom;rsm;twGuf taumif;qkH; toifhawmfqkH;jzpf
a-umif;udkvnf; &Sif;jyxm;ygonf?

14
 uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf
vG,fulr+twGuf vrf;n$efjzpf.?
The Qur'an, A Guide To What Is Easy
igt&Sifjrwfonf toif twd'kuQcHpm;tHhaomiSm toifhtay:0,f uk&ftmefusrf;
jrwfudk csay;oem;awmfrlcJhonf r[kwfay?
pifppfrSmrlum; (Tuk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf igt&Sifjrwftm;) a-umuf±GHŒ&dkao
aomol.tzdk‹ qkH;r-o0g'yif jzpfayonf? (pl&mwGm[m 20;2=3)
vlom;rsm;tm;vkH; trSefw&m;udkawG‹&SdI yuwdtrSefw&m;odk‹a&muf&Sdum "rRa'
oemrsm;udk vdkufemusifhokH;Edkifrnfh omoemhqdkif&m todw&m;ajrmfjrifr+rsm;udk &&Sd-u&eft
vdk‹iSm/ vl‹ordkif;wpfav#mufvkH;wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu usrf;*efrsm;udkydk‹cscJhonfhtjyif/
xdkusrf;*efrsm;udk &Sif;jyrnfhwrefawmfrsm;udkvnf; apv$wfcJhavonf? xdkusrf;*efrsm;
teuf vlom;wdk‹udk vrf;!$efjyoay;&ef aemufqkH;ydk‹csay;cJhaomusrf;*efonf uk&ftmef
usrf;awmfjrwfyif jzpfayonf? Tta-umif;&yfESifhywfoufI uk&ftmefusrf;wGif Todk‹rdef‹
qdkxm;ayonf?
a±S;txufausmfumvY vlcyif;wdk‹tbdk‹ w&m;"rRtjzpf “awmf&mwf”usrf;jrwfESifh “tif
*sDvf”usrf;jrwfudkvnf; xkwfjyefydk‹csawmfrlcJhavjyD? xdkrSwyg;wkH t&Sifjrwfonf trSm;t
rSefudk cJGjcm;odpGrf;Edkifapaomt&mudkvnf; csay;oem;awmfrlcJhacsjyD? rkcs{uef tv†m[ft
±Sifjrwf. oufaoom"u vuQ%m&yfrsm;udk r,kHr-unf aoGznfjiif;y,f-uaom olwdk‹
tbdk‹ jyif;xefaom jypf'%fonf toifh&Sd.? ta-umif;rlum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf
wefcdk;tmEkabmfjzifh v$rf;rdk;awmfrlaomt&Sif/ wkH‹jyefvufpm;acsawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmf
rlayonf? (pl&m tmavhtDrf&mef 3;4)
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf.tvsifumvrsm;Y ydk‹csay;cJhaomusrf;*efrsm;udk omoem
qef‹usifa&;orm;rsm;ESifh ewfa'0gtajrmuftjrm;udk,kH-unfudk;uG,folwdk‹u jyifqif
ajymif;vJvdkuf-uavjyD? xdkusrf;*efrsm;wGif t,lonf;r+rsm; rrSefuefaom t,ltqrsm;
jzifh jznfhpGufajymif;vJxm;-uavonf? odk‹aomfvnf; tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfu aemufqkH;
usrf;*efjzpfaom uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfudk xdkuJhodk‹ rlvykHpHudk rqDravsmfajymif;vJypfjcif;
r&Sdap&eftwGuf au,mrwfaemufqkH;ae‹txd ykHpHrajymif;bJ eudktwdkif; wnf&Sdaeatmif
umuG,fxdef;odrf;xm;.?
{uefpifppf igt&Sifjrwfonfyifv#if(T)qkH;r-o0g'(wnf;[laom uk&ftmefusrf;awmf
jrwf)udk csay;oem;awmfrlcJhavonf? xdkrSwyg; {uefrvGJ igt&Sifjrwfonfyifv#if ,if;
qkH;r-o0g'udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufawmfrlrnfh t&Sifjrwfvnf;jzpfawmfrlayownf;?
(pl&mtvf[d*sf&f 15;9)

15
trSm;onf ,if;usrf;jrwfwGif ‚if;.a&SŒrSvnf; vma&mufpGufzufEdkifjcif; r&Sdacs? ‚if;.
aemufrSvnf; vma&mufpGufzufEdkifjcif;r&Sday? Tusrf;jrwfrSm qifjcifwkHw&m;ESifh jynfhpkH
awmfrlaom csD;rGrf;axmremudk cH,lxdkufawmfrlaomt&SifjrwftxHawmfrS csay;awmfrlaom
usrf;jrwfyif jzpfayonf? (pl&m [mrDrfp*sf'[f 41;42)
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf aemufqkH;au,mrwfae‹txd tajymif;tvJr&SdbJ
wnf&Sdaernfjzpfaoma-umifh tDrefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onf pdwfcsvufcs ae-uayonf?
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf ‚if;wGifyg±Sdaomtcsuftvuftrdef‹rsm;tm;vkH;udk c$sif;csuf
r&Sd pdwfcs,kH-unfEdkifonfh usrf;jrwfvnf;jzpfayonf? ‚if;jyif ,if;trdef‹rsm;udk vdkufem
usifhokH;&mwGif vlwdk‹.pdwfwGif;Y rausrcsrf;jzpfjcif; odk‹r[kwf 'dG[oHo,jzpfjcif; jzpf
ay:cHpm;r+r&Sdacs? vlom;wdk‹onf xdkuJhodk‹aom ,kH-unfpdwfcs&onfh vrf;n$efusrf;awmf
jrwfudk vufcH&&Sdjcif;onfyifv#if tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHrS -uD;us,faom oem;usifemr+ r
[mu&k%mudk vufcH&&Sdjcif;yifjzpfayonf? uk&eftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmfwpfck
wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf. ta&;-uD;jcif;udk jyqdkxm;ayonf?
pifppfaomfum; igt&Sifjrwfonf toif.tay:Y (uk&ftmef)usrf;jrwfudk ta-umif;t&m
cyfodrf;wdk‹. &Sif;vif;csuftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ w&m;vrf;n$eftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ u&k%m
w&m;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ trdef‹awmfvdkufemol rGwfpvifrfwdk‹tzdk‹ 0rf;ajrmufzG,fowif;
tjzpfvnf;aumif; csay;oem;awmfrlcJhavownf;? (pl&mtvf e[fvf 16;89)
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfudk wwfodem;vnfI ‚if;udk rdrd.b0vrf;n$eftjzpfcH,lolwdkif;
onf zefqif;jcif;.&nf&G,fcsufta-umif;&if;udk em;vnfoabmaygufum/ tv†m[f t
&Sifjrwf. oabmwlnDcsufESifhtwl oem;-uifemu&k%mawmfudk vufcH&&Sdvdrfhrnf?
b0wpfav#mufvkH;twGuf aexdkiftouf&Sifaernfh trSefuefqkH;aomenf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtwl
*sEMwfokcbkHodk‹ rnfodk‹a&muf&Sdrnf/ *sEMwfokcbkHESifh i&JbkHwGifpHpm;cHpm;&rnfhb0 rnfodk‹
rnfykH &Sdvdrfhrnf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. zefqif;xm;jcif;twGif;rS v#dKŒ0Sufcsufrsm;ESifhtwl
taumif;qkH;aom usifh0wfoDvrsm;/ ponfwdk‹udk oif,lod&Sdayvdrfhrnf?
vltrsKd;rsdK;u omoemESifhywfoufI ar;jref;Edkifaomar;cGef;rsm;twGuf uk&ftmef
usrf;awmfjrwfwGif taumif;qkH;tajzudk ay;xm;.? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;
awmfjrwfwGif Todk‹ trdef‹&Sdawmfrl.?
pifppfaomfum; ‚if;wdk‹onf toifhxHodk‹ rnfr#yif tHhzG,fxl;qef;aom OyrmykHaqmifcsuf
udkyif ,laqmifI vm-uapumrl/ igt&Sifjrwfonf wdusrSefuefonfhjyif &Sif;vif;az:jy
csuftm;jzifh ydkrdkIaumif;rGefaom (‚if;.)tajzudk toifhxHodk‹ ydk‹aqmifawmfrlcJhonfcsnf;
om? (pl&mtvfzk&fumef 25;33)
omoemESifhywfoufonfhtcsuftvuftm;vkH;udk uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif t
jynfhtpkHay;xm;jyD;jzpfaoma-umifh aemufxyf rnfonfhta-umif;&yfrqdkESifhywfoufI
jiif;ckHae&rnfhvrf; r&Sdawmhacs? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfudk csay;
awmfrlaom &nf&G,fcsufrsm;wGif vlom;wdk‹tcsif;csif;oabmxm;uGJvGJvsuf&Sdaomtcsuf
rsm;udk &Sif;vif;ay;&efvnf;jzpfa-umif; trdef‹awmf&Sdxm;ayonf?

16
pifppfaomfum; igt&Sifjrwfonf toif.tay:Y usrf;awmfjrwfudk csay;oem;awmfrlcJh
onfrSm toifonf ‚if;wdk‹tm; ‚if;wdk‹uJGvGJcsuf&SdcJh-uaomta-umif;udk &Sif;vif;tHhaom
iSmomvnf;aumif;/ rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹tzdk‹ w&m;vrf;n$eftjzpfvnf;aumif;/
u&k%mawmftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ csay;awmfrlcJhjcif;om jzpfayownf;? (pl&m tvfe[fvf
16;64)
Ttm,wfawmft& uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf tv†m[ft±SifjrwfY ouf0if,kH
-unfI tusifhoDvaumif;rGefaom olawmfpifwdk‹twGuf tzufzufwGifvrf;n$eftjzpfESifh
r[mu&k%moufa&mufjcif;r*Fvmyif jzpfayawmhonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf u|Efkyf
wdk‹rodaoma-umif;t&mrsm;ESifh t&Sifjrwf.zefqif;jcif;v#dKŒ0Sufcsufrsm;udk uk&ftmefusrf;
awmfjrwfwGif az:jyxm;awmfrl.? Oyrm/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfu ±+difwGmefrm&fewf&Sd
a-umif;/ ol.t&nftcsif;/ ol.&nf&G,fcsufvkyfief;aqmifwm/ vlom;wdk‹teD;odk‹ rnf
onfhenf;jzifh csOf;uyfvmwwfonf ponfhtcsufrsm;tjyif tjcm;tcsuftvufaygif;
ajrmufjrm;pGmudk oifay;xm;onf? xdk‹tjyif xdk±+difwGmefrm&fewf.ab;tEW&m,f-oZmrS
vGwfajrmufEdkifonfhenf;vrf;udkvnf; uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif xyfrHay;xm;.?
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif ±+difwGmef.ta-umif;ESifhywfoufI &Sif;jyxm;aomtcsuft
vufrsm;onf ouf0if,kH-unfolrsm;twGuf tvGefyifaumif;rGefvS.? tb,fha-umifhqdk
aomf u|Ekfyfwdk‹rawG‹rjrifEdkifonfhtjyif rodrompdrfh0iful;pufjyef‹ESH‹Edkifaom ±+ifwGmef.
csOf;uyfr+udk tpOfowd&Sd Edk;-um;aeEdkifaoma-umifhyifjzpf.?
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf &Sif;vif;jywfom;pGm em;vnfoabmaygufvG,fI vl
wdkif;.pdwfudk qGJaqmifEdkif.? xdk‹a-umifh aemufqkH;w&m;pD&ifrnfhae‹wGif rnfolur# rdrd
.jyKrlcsufrsm;twGuf trSm;trSefudk cGJjcm;&efESifh rSm;,Gif;aomcH,lcsuftcsKdŒwdk‹ESifhywf
oufI ajymjyolr&Sd[k ajymqkdjiif;qefEdkif&ef ta-umif;r&Sdawmhacs? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf
onf vlom;rsm;.b0wpfoufwmvkH;wGif ta&;-uD;qkH;udpPESifh vdkufemusifhokH;&rnfht
csufrsm;udk uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfrSwqifh twwfEdkifqkH;owday; E+d;aqmfxm;ayonf?
xdk‹tjyif vG,ful&Sif;vif;r+twGuf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlom;wdk‹taejzifhjynfh
pkHpGm em;vnfoabmayguf-uap&eftwGuf/ &Sif;vif;ydk‹csvdkaomtcsufrsm;udk ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;
enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh &Sif;jyxm;ayonf? xdk‹a-umifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf uk&ftmefusrf;awmf
jrwf. a&;[efa&;enf;toGm;udkyg az:jyxm;awmfrl.?
{ueftrSef igt&Sifjrwfonf (t-uifuk&ftmef)usrf;*ef "rRuQefudk ydk‹awmfrlcJhavonf?
igt&Sifjrwfonf xdkusrf;*efudk (rdrd)oAŠ!kwOm%fawmfjzifh &Sif;vif;az:jyawmfrlcJhonf?
(xdkusrf;*efonf) tDrmefouf0if,kH-unfaom rktfrifefrsm;tzdk‹ w&m;vrf;n$efvnf;jzpf
onf? u&k%mawmfvnf; jzpfonf? (pl&m tvfttf&mzf 7;52)
....igt±Sifjrwfonf (awmif[D'fESifhpyfvsOf;I) oufaoom"ursm;udk rnfodk‹rnfykH trsKd;
rsdK;tzkHzkH ajymif;v$Jjyoawmfrlonfudk toif±+ygav/ odk‹rSomv#if xdkolrsm;onf em;vnf
-uayrnf? (pl&m tvfteftmrf 6;65)

17
 TuJhodk‹aom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. a-unmcsufrsm;&Sdaevifhupm;/ vltrsm;tm;
jzifh uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf vlwdkif;em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifonfh usrf;awmfjrwf r
[kwf[k rSm;,Gif;pGmxif-uayonf? vltrsm;tm;jzifh/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfudk zwf&GwfI
em;vnfoabmaygufum ‚if;.n$ef-um;csuftwdkif; aexdkifvdkufemusifhokH;Edkif&ef ESpf
aygif;rsm;pGm vdktyfonf[k xifrSwf-uonf? xdkuJhodk‹rSwf,l-uolwdk‹onf uk&ftmefusrf;
awmfjrwfudk wpf-udrfavmufyif zwf±+cJh-ubl;olrsm; r[kwf-uacs? odk‹aomfvnf; uk&f
tmefwGif yg&Sdonfhtwdkif; uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf rSefom;uJhodk‹yif tvGef&Sif;vif;
jywfom;vS.?
ukeftmefusrf;awmfjrwf. pum;tokH;tE+ef;onf vG,fulpGmem;vnfoabmayguf
Edkifjcif;rSm vlwdk‹twGuf r[mu&k%mawmfyif jzpfayawmhonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf
onf zwf±+olwdk‹twGuf cufcJr+r&SdbJ vG,fulpGm em;vnfEdkifatmif tvG,fqkH;aompum;
rsm;jzifh ydk‹csay;xm;onf[k tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmf
wpfckwGif az:jyxm;awmfrl.?
pifppf igt&Sifjrwfonfyif ,if;(uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf)udk toif. bmompum;jzifh
vG,fulatmif jyKvkyfawmfrlcJhayonf? odk‹rSomv#if toifonf ,if;(uk&ftmefusrf;awmf
jrwfjzifh) rGwWuD olawmfpifwdk‹tm; owif;aumif; ajym-um;jcif;udkvnf;aumif;/ pum;t
jiif;yGm;tm;-uD;aomtrsdK;om;wdk‹tm; ,if;(uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf)jzifh owday; E+d;aqmf
jcif;udkvnf;aumif;/ jyKEdkifrnf jzpfayownf;? (pl&m r&f,rf 19;97)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu/ t&Sifjrwf.omoemawmfudk vlwdk‹twGuf r[mu&k%m-ud;
rm;pGmjzifh xdkuJhodk‹vG,fulatmif ydk‹csxm;awmfrlaoma-umifh/ ‚if;omoemwGif oGefoifjyqdk
xm;onfwdk‹udk vdkufemusifhokH;&efom vdktyfayawmhonf? odk‹aomfvnf; vltrsm;wdk‹
onf/ vG,fulaomt&mudk ydkrdkcufcJatmif jyKwwf-uavonf? olwdk‹.b0udk vrf;rSm;odk‹
a&mufaprnfht&mrsm;udkom vdkufvH&SmazG-uum/ olwdk‹.b0udk tpOfojzifh u,fwifEdkif
rnfh wpfapmifwnf;aom uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfrS uif;uGmoGm;-uavonf?
wrefawmfjrwfonfvnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk atmufygtwdkif; av#mufxm;awmf
rlavonf?
tdk=u|efawmfrsdK;tm; zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaomt&Sifjrwf/ {ueftrSef u|efawmfrsdK;.
trsdK;om;rsm;onf Tuk&ftmefusrf;jrwfawmfudk pGef‹ypfI xm;cJh-uygonf?
(pl&m tvfzk&fumef 25;30)

tDrmefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.ESvkH;om;wGif xdkusrf;awmfjrwfonf

teEWwefcdk;awmf&Sif oAŠ!kwOm%fawmf&Sif tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfyg;rSydk‹csay;onfh
w&m;vrf;rSefudk n$efjyonfh usrf;*ef"rRuQef jzpfonf[k ,kH-unfauseyfESpfodrfhae-uav
onf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu “pifppf igt&Sifjrwfonf uk&f
tmefusrf;jrwfwGif rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹. tema&m*guif;aysmufapaomt&mudk
csay;awmfrlavonf?”(pl&m beDtpP&mtDvf 17;82)[k rdef‹qdkxm;onf? rdrdwdk‹. pdwf

18
wGif;Y jzpfay:aom ar;cGef;rsm;udk uk&ftmeftm,wfawmfrsm;rS tajzrsm;jzifh &Sif;vif;ap
&if; oHo,&Sdonfhta-umif;&yfrsm;twGufvnf; ysufys,foGm;apayonf? xdkuk&ftmef
usrf;jrwfudk zwf&Gwfolwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹ESifh toifhawmfqkH;jzpfaom udk,fusifhw&m;ESifh ae
xdkifpm;aomufykHudk oif,l&&Sd.?
Tonfum; tvGefta&;-uD;aomtcsufyifjzpf.? vlom;wdk‹onf tpPvmrfhtajccH
w&m;twdkif; aexdkifaygufzGm;-uygu at;csrf;om,maysmf±$ifI udk,fpdwfESpfjzm usef;rm
oefpGrf;olrsm;jzpfatmif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu vlom;wdk‹udk zefqif;xm;ayonf? Tt&m
udk tjcm;enf;jzifh &SmazGaeolrsm;onf ESpfaygif;axmifaomif;ru -um&Snfaomfvnf; b,f
aomtcgrS awG‹&Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwf? vlwpfOD;pDtwGuf TurBmavmuwGifvnf;aumif;/
aemifwrvGefb0wGifvnf;aumif;/ oufawmifhoufompGmaexdkifEdkif&efrSm tv†m[ft±Sif
jrwfu ydk‹csay;aom uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfudk vdkufemusifhokH;jcif;omv#if jzpfayonf?
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf vlwdk‹tm; tarSmifb0rS tvif;odk‹ ydk‹aqmifaom usrf;
awmfjrwfjzpfa-umif; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu atmufygtm,wfawmfwGif a-unmxm;.?
tvpfzf/ vrf/ &m? T(uk&ftmef)onfum; t-uifusrf;jrwfyifwnf;? toifonf vlom;
tm;vkH;wdk‹udk ‚if;wdk‹tm; zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaom t&Sifjrwf.trdef‹awmfESifh tarSmifxkrS
tvif;odk‹(0g) wefcdk;tmEkabmfESifh jynfhpkHawmfrlaomcsD;rGrf;zG,f *k%fawmftaygif;ESifh jynfh
pkHawmfrlaomt&Sifjrwf.vrf;odk‹ xkwfaqmif (u,fwif)tHhaomiSm igt&Sifjrwfonf ,if;
usrf;jrwfudk toif.xHodk‹ csay;oem;awmfrlcJhavownf;? (pl&m tDAf&m[Drf 14;1)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfay;oem;awmfrlaom usrf; awmfjrwfu jyoonfhtvif;aemuf
udkomvdkufI xdkn$ef-um;csufrsm;twdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;olonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. t
vdkawmft& TurBmay:wGifESifh aemifwrvGefb0ESpfXmepvkH;wGif om,maysmf±$ifI jidrf;
csrf;r+tjynfh&Sdaomb0udk &±Sdrnfjzpf.?

19
 tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf
vG,fulr+udkom trdef‹ay;awmfrl.?
God Has Ordered What Is Easy

vltrsm;tm;jzifh bmoma&;qdkif&mtodynmrsm;udk i,fpOfb0wGif &&SdcJhaom-um;

bl;em;0 tcsuftvufrsm;udk tajccHrSwfom;xm;jcif;jzpfonf? olwdk‹onf bmoma&;.
rSefuefaomtajctjrpfjzpfonfh uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfudk rzwf&Gwfbl;ao;ojzifh t,l
onf;r+trsdK;rsdK;ESifh rSm;,Gif;rdkufrJaombmoma&;tawG;tac:,kH-unfcsufwdk‹. om;
aumifomv#if jzpfae-uayonf? xdk,kH-unfcsufrsm;teuf tqdk;qkH;rSm bmoma&;udkif;
±d+if;pGmaexdkifEdkif&ef cufcJonf [laom,kH-unfcsufonf tEW&m,ftay;qkH;aom,kH-unf
csufjzpfayonf? ‚if;onf vkH;0rSm;,Gif;aom ,kH-unfcsufyifjzpf.?
bmomt,l0g'oGefoifcsuf.tESpft&omrsm;rSaoGjznfI bmomt,l0g'udk
vdkufemusifhokH;jcif;r&Sdapvdkolwdk‹u/ vl‹ordkif;wav#mufvkH;wGif bmoma&;wGif cufcJ
aomusifhpOfrsm;ESifh t,lonf;r+rsm;udk -udK;pm;IfjznfhpGufvmcJh-uayonf? olwdk‹wDxGif
aomusifhpOfrsm;jzifh/ vlwdk‹udk bmoma&;rS a0;uGmoGm;aponf? xdkodk‹bmoma&;udk a&Smif
cGmolwdk‹teuf tcsKdŒrSm &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sdjzpf-uaomfvnf;/ tcsKdŒrSm r&nf&G,fbJjzpf-uay
onf? odk‹aomfvnf;/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif ydk‹csI wrefawmf
jrwfu oGefoifjyoxm;aom bmoma&;usifhpOfwdk‹onf pdwf&if;oef‹pifoltwGuf vdkufem
usifhokH;&ef tvGefvG,fulayonf?
yxrOD;qkH;taejzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf p-um0VmwGif &Sd&Sdor#t&mcyfodrf;udk
zefqif;awmfrlouJhodk‹ u|Ekfyfwdk‹udkvnf; xdkt&Sifjrwfu zefqif;xm;onf[k tcdkiftrm ,kH
-unfoufaocHajymqdk&ygrnf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlom;rsm;udk tjcm;olrsm;xuft
odqkH;jzpfonfhtjyif vlom;.vnfacsmif;aoG;a-umxufyif eD;uyfaeoljzpfaoma-umifh vl
om;wdk‹. trltusifhp&dkufESifhtoifhawmfqkH; bmomt,l0g'udk zefwD;pDpOfay;xm;ay
onf? atmufyg uk&ftmeftm,wfawmfwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlom;wdk‹udk olwdk‹ESifh
tudkufnDqkH;aom omoemodk‹ zdwfac:xm;.?
odk‹jzpfay&m toif(vlom;)onf vlom;wdk‹tm; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf zefqif;awmfrlcJhaom
obm0"rRESifhtnD rdrd.rsufESmudk (rSefuefaom)“'Def”omoemtay:Y tm&kHpl;pdkuf vsuf
cdkifcHhwnfwHhpGmxm;&Sdav? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.zefqif;r+wGif rnfhonfhajymif;vJGr+r# t
v#if;r&SdjyD? Tonfyifv#if ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom “'Def”omoemjzpf.? odk‹wapvnf;
trsm;qkH;aomolwdk‹rSmrlum; rodem;rvnf-uay? (pl&m tvf&l;rf 30;30)
u|Ekfyfwdk‹.zefqif;&Sif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oem;-uifemr[mu&k%mjzifh vGef
avjyD;aomtcsdefumvrsm;wGif ydk‹csay;oem;awmfrlcJhaom omoemrsm;wGif vG,fulpGm

20
vdkufemusifhokH;Edkifonfh usifhpOftrdef‹rsm; yg&Sdavonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ xdkt&Sif
jrwfonf t&Sifjrwftm; ±dkaoudkif;nGwfolwdk‹.vG,fulr+udkomv#if vdkvm;awmfrlaom
a-umifhjzpf.? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmf2;185 yg “tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf
toifwdk‹tbdk‹oufomacsmifcsdr+udk tvdk&Sdawmfrlayonf?”[laomtrdef‹awmfonf trSef
w&m;yifjzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf owfrSwfxm;aomtuef‹towftwGif; aexdkif
olonf olESifhtoifhawmfqkH;txdkufavsmufqkH;aomb0jzpfI taumif;qkH;aexdkifpm;
aomuftouf&Sifaeolyifjzpf.?
tcsdKŒaomolwdk‹onf TtrSefw&m;udk rod&Sd-uojzifh/ bmomt,l0g'wdk‹. owf
rSwfcsuftuef‹towfrsm;udk z,f&Sm;vdkufjcif;jzifh ydkrdkoufawmifhoufomjzpfvdrfhrnf[k
xifrSwf-uavonf? Oyrm olwdk‹. vl‹usifh0wfudk,fusifhw&m;rsm;udk *&krpdkufjcif;jzifh ydk
rdkI vGwfvyfvdrfhrnf[kxif-uonf? odk‹r[kwf bmoma&;onf olwdk‹.vGwfvyfr+udk ydwf
yifxm;onf[k ,kH-unfayvdrfhrnf? trSefrSm/ Tonfuyif ±d+ifwGmefrm&fewf.aoG;aqmif
&modk‹ waumufaumufvdkufygoGm;aom trSm;yifjzpfayawmhonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. trdef‹awmfrsm;udk vdkufemjcif;uomv#if tvGefw&mvG,fulaeaom
a-umifhjzpfayonf? tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf.owfrSwfcsufuef‹owfr+rsm;udk jiif;y,fxm;aom
vl‹todkif;t0dkif;wGif aexdkifjcif;onfyif tcufcJqkH;jzpfayonf? xdkuJhodk‹aomtawG‹t-uHK
rsm;onfvnf; tvGefw&mqdk;&Gm;a-umufrufzG,faumif;aom 'kuQqif;&Jjcif;yif jzpfay
onf?
yxrqkH;/ bmoma&;udkrvdkufemrusifhokH;aom odk‹r[kwfbmoma&;rudkif;±+dif;aom
vl‹tzGJ‹tpnf;wGif/ tpOfojzifh y&rf;ywmz±dkz&Jjzpfjcif;/ 0&kef;okef;um;jzpfjcif;/ tpOfo
jzifh pdk;&drfa-umifh-uae&jcif;/ xdwfvef‹w-um;a-umuf±GHŒae&jcif;/ aysmf±$ifr+uif;rJhjcif;/ yl
yifaomuzdpD;jcif;/ ponfwdk‹jynfheufaewwf.? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ra-umufolonf/
raumif;r+'kp&dkufudk tcsdefra±G;usifh-uHvdrfhrnf? rnfonfht&mwGifr# uef‹owfcsufxm;&Sd
rnfr[kwfacs? ol.b0onfvnf; qkwf,kwfr+ESifhomv#if jynfheufaeayvdrfhrnf? xdkuJh
odk‹aomb0tajctaewGif vlwdk‹onf tcsif;csif;twGuf tepfemcHjcif;/ cspfcif-uifemjcif;/
&dkaoav;pm;jcif;/ tcsif;csif; aiGa-u;t&aomfvnf;aumif; pdwf"gwfa&;&mt&aomfvnf;
aumif; ulnDaxmufyHhjcif; ponfwdk‹ r&Sdacs? bmomt,l0g'.uef‹owfcsufpnf;udk z,f
&Sm;vdkufonfESifhwjydKifwnf;/ jidrf;csrf;om,mr+tajctae.qef‹usifbuftajctaersm;
ay:aygufvmI ±d+ifwGmefrm&fewfu vdkvm;aom i&JbkHuJhodk‹aomtajctaeu ay:vmav
awmhonf?
Oyrm/ r-umao;rDESpfumvtwGif; u|Ekfyfwdk‹awG‹-uHKae-u&onfh rl;,pfaq;0g;
aomufokH;a&mif;0,fr+/ jynfhwefqmvkyfief;/ vmbfpm;jcpm;r+rsm;ESifh vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;r+
rsm; -uD;xGm;vmjcif;wdk‹onf/ bmoma&;ESifh uif;uGmr+a-umifh jzpfay:vmaom udk,fusifh
w&m; ysufjym;r+rsm;ESifh qufpyfvsuf&Sdaeonf? xdkuJhodk‹aomtajctaewGif vlwdk‹onf ol
wdk‹.qENtwdkif; vkyfcsifovdk vkyfEdkifcGifh&Sdonf[k ,lq-uonf? odk‹aomfvnf; TuJhodk‹
aom e,fy,fowfrSwfr+uif;rJhonfhvlaer+pepfa-umifh olwdk‹cHpm;-u&aom &kyfydkif;qdkif&m
ESifh pdwf"gwfa&;&mt& ysufpD;,dk,Gif;r+wdk‹onf olwdk‹xifjrifcJh-uaom vGwfvyfr+ESifhpm

21
v#if rwefwq-uD;rm;vS.? wpfcgjyefIpOf;pm;-unfhyg? jynfhwefqmavmua-umifhaomf
vnf;aumif;/ rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifh t&ufaopmaomufokH;jcif;a-umifhvnf;aumif;/ vlwpf
a,muf. usef;rma&;,dk,Gif;jcif;/ t&G,frwdkifrD tdkrif;oGm;jcif;/ tom;ta&ESifh qHau
omwdk‹.0if;vufvSyr+rsm; arS;rSdefoGm;I/ yifyef;EGrf;e,f cdkudk;&mrJhb0odk‹a&mufoGm;jcif;
ponfwdk‹onf/ rnfonfhtusKd;aus;Zl;&Sdygoenf;? trSefpifppf/ rusL;ausmfoifhonfhe,f
y,frsm;udk todtrSwfrjyKjcif;/ udk,fusifhw&m;ESifh pdwf"gwfa&;&mwefbdk;wdk‹udk *&krrljcif;/
rdrdxif&mjrif&mb0twdkif;pdkif;aejcif;wdk‹onf/ rnfonfhtusKd;r#r±Sdonfhb0wGifomqkH;cef;
wdkifonfhtjyif/ oufqdkifywfoufaeolvlyk*~dKvfra&G;tm;vkH;udk udk,fcE<ma&m pdwf"gwf
a&;&mudkyg ysufpD;,dk,Gif;ap.? xdk‹xufru TuJhodk‹aomtusKd;qufrsm;udk vlwdkif;u
txif;om; awG‹jrifae-u&ayonf?
Tae&mwGifjyqdkonfh Oyrmrsm;onf vGefvGef;tpGef;a&mufvGef;onf[kvnf; tcsKdŒ
u xif-uygvdrfhrnf? odk‹aomfvnf; vlwpfa,mufonf bmoma&;rSydkIuif;uGmoGm;um
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf owfrSwfxm;aom e,fy,fpnf;rsOf;udk rxDrJhjrifjyKavav/ xdkolonf
aysmf±$ifr+uif;rJhjyD; ydkrdkcufcJaomb0odk‹om a&mufoGm;avavjzpfonfrSm trSefw&m;rsuf
jrifjzpfayonf? vlwpfa,mufonf xdkuJhodk‹tpGef;a&mufaomb0'kuQodk‹ ra&mufonfwdkif
atmif/ xdkolonf oufawmifhoufomaysmf±$ifaomb0a&mufaeonfr[kwf? tay:&H&kyf
0wˆKt& ydkrdkjynfhpkHaomb0wGifvnf; &Sdcsif&Sdaeayvdrfhrnf? odk‹aomfvnf; xdkolonf ppfrSef
onfh aysmf±Gifat;csrf;om,mjcif;udk &&Sdxm;onfr[kwfay? xdk‹tjyif/ xdkolonf tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwf. trdef‹awmfrsm;rS uif;uGmojzifh aemifwrvGefb0wGif tvGeftrif;em-uif
qif;&Jjcif;'kuQESifh awGŒ-uHK&aomtcgor,a&mufrSomv#if t-uD;tus,faemifw&rnf
jzpf.?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk a-umuf±GHŒ&dkaoI xdkt&Sifjrwf.trdef‹awmfjrwfudk vdkav
ao;r&Sdjznfhpnf;vdkufemolonf TurBmavmuwGifESifhaemifwrvGefb0 ESpfXmepvkH;wGif
-uD;us,faomtusdK;aus;Zl;udk pHpm;&rnfjzpfayonf? xdk‹xufru xdkolwdk‹onf pdwf"gwf
-unfvif±$ifvef;aeonfhtjyif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk &dkaoudkif;±d+if;jcif;wGif vdyfjymoef‹
oef‹jzifh todw&m;ESifh jynfhpkHaevdrfhrnf? xdkolwdk‹twGuf 0rf;ajrmufzG,faumif;aom o
wif;rsm;omv#if tpOftjrJ&Sdaevdrfhrnf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ,kH-unfI xdkt&Sifjrwf.
oabmwlnDr+udkom±SmazGum xdkt&SifjrwfowfrSwfxm;aom abmiftwGif;wGifaexdkif pm;
aomufolwdk‹twGuf tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfyg;rS r*Fvmowif; ay;xm;awmfrl.?
xdkppfrufjydKifqdkifwdkufcdkuf-uaomol(rk*sm[pf'f)rsm;/ 0efcsawmif;yefvsuf&Sd-uolrsm;/
0wfjyKvsuf±Sd-uolrsm;/ csD;rGrf;axmremjyKvsuf&Sd-uolrsm;/ OykofoDvaqmufwnfvsuf&Sd
-uolrsm;/ ‘±kultf’ OD;nGwfvsuf&Sd-uolrsm;/ ‘p*sf'[f’ysyf0yfOD;csvsuf&Sd-uolrsm;/ xdk‹jyif
aumif;r+rsm;udk trdef‹ay;n$ef-um;vsuf&Sd-uolrsm;/ raumif;r+rsm;rS wm;jrpfvsuf&Sd-uol
rsm;(onf atmifjrifolrsm;)jzpf-uukef.? toifonf (xdk)rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfwdk‹tm;
owif;aumif; ajym-um;ygav? (pl&m tvfawmifbm 9;112)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.uef‹owfcsufrsm;udk/ rdrdwdk‹.todw&m;ESifhqef‹usifI/ xdef;
odrf;&efwm0efysufuGufol/ odk‹r[kwftv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ,kH-unfjcif;onf qdk;±Gm;azguf

22
jyefjcif;omjzpfonf[k ,kH-unfolwdk‹onf Tb0ESifh aemifwrvGefb0 ESpfXmevkH;wGif cuf
cJr+rsm;ESifh &ifqdkif-u&rnfhta-umif; atmufyguk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfyg tm,wfawmfrsm;
wGif rdef‹qdkowday;xm;ayonf?
pifppfaomfum; ,if;wdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf (owfrSwfjyXmef;xm;awmfrlaom) pnf;
urf;csufrsm;yif? rnfolrqdk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.pnf;urf;csufrsm;udk usL;vGefazgufzsuf
rl {uefrvGJ xdkolonf rdrdudk,fudk ESdyfpufcJhacsjyD? (pl&m tvfwGvmuf 65;1)
txufuajymcJhonfhtwdkif; bmoma&;udkif;±+dif;r+onf cufcJaomtvkyfjzpfonf[k
xifrSwfolwdk‹ESifhtwl/ bmoma&;udkif;±+dif;jcif;onf 'kuQqif;&JwpfrsKd;jzpfonf[kajymqdkol
wdk‹vnf; &Sd-uygonf? bmoma&;.tESpfom&tppftrSefudk rod&Sdao;olonf/ trSefyif
bmoma&;tpGef;xGufolrsm; jzpfoGm;&ef vG,fulygonf? vGwfvyfr+trnfjzifh tv†m[ft
&Sifjrwfuef‹owfxm;aompnf;rsOf;abmifudk *&krpdkufypfy,folrsm;±Sdovdk/ bmoma&;udkif;
±+dkif;jcif;trnfudkaqmifI tv†m[ft&SifjrwfcsrSwfxm;aom uef‹owfcsufpnf;rsOf;abmif
rsm;udk ydkrdkcufcJatmif ajymif;vJjznfhpGuf0ef‹olwdk‹vnf; &Sdygonf? pifppf‚if;rSm ±+difwGmef
rm&fewf. axmifajcmufyifjzpfayonf? wm;jrpfjcif;r&Sdonfht&mrsm;udk wm;jrpfxm;onf
[ka[majymjyqdkolwdk‹onf/ tjcm;ydwfyifwm;jrpfr+rsm;udkvnf; vkyfydkifcGifh&Sdonf[k xif-u
avonf? xdkxufydkIqdk;onfum; olwdk‹jznfhpGufowfrSwfxm;onfh pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk olwdk‹
udk,fwdkif rvdkufemEdkifojzifh olwdk‹.todw&m;t& pdwf'kuQcHpm;ae-ujcif;jzpfayonf?
TudpPESifhywfoufI c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;u ocifa,±+(tDpmeAD=tvdkifa[hqvmrf)
.oif-um;csufrsm;udk ajymif;vJvdkufjcif;ta-umif;udk O'g[&kHtjzpfaxmufjyxm;.?
xdk‹aemuf igt&Sifjrwfonf ‚if;wdk‹.aemufwGif rdrd&plvfwrefawmfrsm;tm; tqufrjywf
apv$wfawmfrlcJh.? xdk‹aemuf igt&Sifjrwfonf ‘r&f,rf’.om;awmf (eADwrefawmf)
‘tDpm’ tm; apv$wfawmfrlcJh.? ‚if;jyif igt&Sifjrwfonf xdk‘tDpm’.aemufodk‹vdkufcJh-u
aomolwdk‹.pdwfESvkH;rsm;wGif El;nHhodrfarG‹r+udkvnf;aumif;/ u&k%mw&m;udkvnf;aumif;
xnfhoGif;ay;awmfrlcJh.?
odk‹&mwGif (‚if;wdk‹udk,fwdkif) tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. ESpfjrKdŒr+&SmazGtHhaomiSm (ausmif;*efpepf
udk vdkufemusifhokH;cJh-uukef.)? odk‹ygaomfvnf; ‚if;wdk‹onf ,if;ausmif;*efpepfudk apmifh
pnf;tyfaom0wW&m;ESifhtnD apmifhpnf;Edkif-uonfr&Sdacs? (pl&m tvf['D'f 57;27)
xdk‹a-umifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rktfrDefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹tm; ,if;uJhodk‹aom
tEW&m,ftwGuf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif/ bmoma&;tpGef;xGufolrsm;onf ppfrSef
aombmomt,l0g'rSvrf;vGJvrf;rSm;oGm;-uolrsm;jzpfa-umif; owday;E+d;aqmfxm;ay
onf?
(tdk=eADwrefawmf) toifonf (Todk‹) ajym-um;ygav? tdk=‘uDwmAD’ a&S;txufusrf;
*ef&&Sdoltaygif;wdk‹ toifwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹. ‘'Def’bmom omoema&;wGif (pnf;urf;owf
rSwfxm;onfxuf) tvGeftu|H rjzpf-uukefvifh? ‚if;jyif toifwdk‹onf t-uifolwdk‹.
tvdkqENudkvnf; rvdkufpm;-uukefvifh? xdkolwdk‹onf txufausmfum&Du (rdrdwdk‹udk,f
wdkif) vrf;rSm;odk‹ a&muf±SdcJh-uonfomru/ rsm;pGmaomolwdk‹onf ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom

23
(w&m;rSefudk od-uygvsufESifhyif) w&m;vrf;awmfrS c|wfacsmfwdrf;yg;cJh-uownf;? (pl&m
tvfrmath'[f 5;77)
vlwpfOD;csif;vdkufem&rnfh pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rSm/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmef
usrf;awmfjrwfwGif csrSwfxm;aomtrdef‹rsm;udk vdkufemusifhokH;I/ wm;jrpfxm;aomt&m
rsm;udk a&Smifusif&efomv#ifjzpfonf? rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹twGuf/ tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwfu tppt&m&mudk vG,fulr+&Sdatmif csrSwfxm;onfjzpf&m/ omoemhusifhpOfrsm;udk ydk
rdkcufcJatmif xyfrHI tuGef‹wufowfrSwfolwdk‹onf/ aemufqkH;w&m;pD&ifrnfhae‹wGif
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. a&SŒawmfarSmufY tajzay;-u&rnfjzpfayonf? wrefawmfjrwf(qG)
.b0twGif; u|Efkyfwdk‹twGuf pHerlemtjzpfvufawG‹usifhokH;jyocJhjyD;jzpfonf? wrefawmf
jrwf(qG).rdef‹-um;csufwpf&yfwGif/ rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf
owfrSwfay;xm;aom pnf;rsOf;e,fy,frsm;udk vufv$wfjcif;rjyK&efESifh wpfcsdefwnf;wGif
xdke,fy,frsm;udk rausmfvGef-u&eftjyif omoemhusifhpOfrsm;onf vG,fulr+&Sda-umif;
owday;xm;ayonf?
“omoemonf &dk;&dk;pif;pif;vG,fulr+&Sdonf? rnfolurS omoemhusifhpOfrsm;udk zsufvdk
zsufpD; jyKIr&Edkif? xdkodk‹jyKolonf t±+H;ESifhom &ifqdkif&vdrfhrnf? (qdkvdk&if;rSm/ omoem
wGifjyon$ef-um;xm;aom vG,fulr+twdkif;omv#if vdkufemusifh-uH-u&rnf? xdkusifhpOf
rsm;udk ydkrdkcufcJatmif jyKjyifolwdk‹onf t±+H;ESifhom&ifqdkif-u&vdrfhrnf?) rdrdwdk‹. tusifh
pm&dwWrsm;udk rSefuefajzmifhrwfaom vrf;pOftwdkif;jzpfatmif jyKjyif-uyg? csrSwfxm;aom
pnf;ESifh teD;uyfqkH;jzpfatmif -udK;yrf;-uukef?” (&mrlZf tvft[m'D;pf/ tapmif1/ pmrsuf
ESm 98)?
txufwGif az:jycJhonfhtwdkif;/ vlwdk‹onf omoemudk okH;oyfcsifhcsdef&mwGif/
wrefawmfjrwf(qG).b0usifhpOf(qGEMwf)rsm;udk pHerlemtjzpf,l-u&ayrnf? qdkvdk&if;rSm/
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu &dk;&dk;pif;pif;vG,fulr+&Sdatmif owfrSwfay;xm;aomudpPrsm;udk cufcJ
atmif/ em;rvnfEdkifatmif jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;onf/ rSm;,Gif;.? trSefpifppf/ vlwdkif; vl
wdkif;onf rnfonfhtajctae rnfonfht&yfwGifrqdk a&muf&Sdaeapumrl/ vG,fulpGm vdkuf
emusifhokH;Edkifatmif/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif oGefoifcsrSwf ay;
xm;awmfrlayonf? aemufxyfvmrnfhtcef;rsm;wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu owfrSwf ay;
xm;aom cGifhjyKcsufrsm;ESifh wm;jrpfcsufpnf;urf;e,fy,frsm; rnfr#±dk;pif;vG,fula-umif;
udk xyfrHaz:jyygrnf?
tpm;taomufESifhywfoufaom oufn‡mr+rsm;?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwdk‹tm; &duQmtajrmuftjrm;ay;oem;xm;awmfrl.?
ta&miftqif;pkHvifvSaom opfoD;0vHrsm;/ tpm;tpmtrsdK;rsdK;/ [if;oD;[if;&GuftrsdK;
rsdK;/ tom;trsdK;rsdK;/ aomufokH;zG,f&mtrsdK;rsdK;/ toD;ajcmuf tcGHrmtoD;rsm; ponfjzifh
ra&rwGufEdkifaom tpm;taomufrsm;udk zefwD;ay;xm;awmfrl.? xdktpm;tpmwpfrsdK;
csif;onfvnf; vlom;rsm;.aumif;usdK;twGuf tusdK;aqmif&efzefwD;ay;xm;jcif;jzpfay
onf? “xdkolwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹pm;okH;&eftvdk‹iSm rnfonfht&mudk ‘[vmvf’cGifhjyKxm;jyD;jzpf

24
ygoenf;[k toifhtm; ar;jref;-uukef.? toifonf (Todk‹)ajz-um;ygav? toifwdk‹
pm;okH;&eftvdk‹iSm pif-u,foef‹&Sif;aomt&m[loa&GŒwdk‹onf ‘[vmvf’cGifhjyKjyD;jzpfukef
.?==”[k uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf pl&mtvfrmath'[f 5;4 wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu rdef‹
qdkxm;awmfrl.? xdk‹a-umifh u|Efkyfwdk‹twGuf oef‹&Sif;pif-u,faomtpmtm;vkH;onf
pm;ydkifcGifh‘[vmvf’cGifhjyKxm;jyD;a-umif; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu a-unmxm;awmfrlavonf?
vlom;rsm;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu wm;jrpfxm;aom tpm;tpmrsm;rSm vlom;wdk‹
twGuf tEW&m,f&Sdaom tpmrsm;jzpfayonf? Oyrm ol‹tvdkvdkaooGm;aomwd&dpm>ef.t
om;(taoom;)/ ykwfodk;oGm;aomtom;/ aoG;ESifh 0ufwd&dpm>ef.tom;/ ponfwdk‹ jzpf
onf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmfrsm;wGif t&Sifjrwfu Todk‹rdef‹qdkxm;.?
(tdk=eADwrefawmf) toifonf Todk‹ajym-um;ygav? igonf rdrdxHodk‹usa&mufvmaom
“0[f,f”trdef‹awmfwGif wpkHwckudk rnfonfhpm;okH;oltay:Yr# ‚if;udk pm;okH;jcif;onf
“[&mrf”[lI wm;jrpfxm;onfudk rawG‹&Sd&acs? odk‹&mwGif taoom;/ odk‹r[kwf pD;xGuf
aomaoG;/ odk‹r[kwf 0ufwd&dpm>ef.tom;jzpfcJhv#if xdkt&mrsm;onf tvGefnpfax;I
roef‹pifaoma-umifh/ odk‹r[kwf Oya'udk usL;vGefjcif;tm;jzifh tv†m[ft&SifjrwfrSwyg;
tjcm;udk&nfpl;I owfrSwfcJhv#if (“[&mrf”[lI wm;jrpfxm;awmfrlavonf)? (pl&m tvf
teftmrf 6;145)
“roef‹pif”[laompum;vkH;udk rpm;okH;&efwm;jrpfxm;jcif;Y tokH;jyKjcif;onf
tvGef-uD;us,faom ajrmfjrifr+todw&m;yg0ifvsuf&Sdayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf 0uf
wd&dpm>ef.tom;onf vlwdk‹. usef;rma&;udk xdcdkuftEW&m,fjzpfapaom t*Fg&yfrsm;jzifh
jynfheufaeaoma-umifhjzpfonf?
Oyrm/ 0ufom;onf tqDtvGefrsm;jym;ojzifh pm;okH;aomtcg xdktqDrsm;onf
aoG;a-umtwGif;Y pD;jzwfygoGm;avonf? xdkuJhodk‹ vdktyfonfxuf ydkrdkrsm;jym;aomtqD
rsm;onf/ aoG;jyefa-umudk rmausmaponf? xdk‹a-umifh aoG;zdtm;udk wdk;jr‡ifhaponf?
aemufqkH;wGif ESvkH;a&m*gjzpfavawmhonf?
xdk‹tjyif/ 0ufom;wGif awG‹&Sd&aom tqdyftawmuf (toxin) jzpfonfh"gwfrsm;onf/
‚if;tqdyftawmufudk"gwfjy,faprnfh t&nf-unfzkrsm;udk ydkrdktvkyfvkyfaponf? Ta&m
*gonf txl;ojzifh cav;rsm;wGif tqpfa,mifa&m*gjzpfapEdkifonf? ‚if;jyif 0ufom;wGif
qmvzguef‹"gwftajrmuftjrm;yg±Sd.? uef‹"gwf tajrmuftjrm;onf t±dk;Ekrsm;/ -uGuf
om;rsm;ESifh tm&kHa-umfrsm;wGifpkaejcif;jzifh a&m*gul;pufvG,fjcif;/ ausmufwnfjcif;ESifh tl
usa&m*gjzpfvG,fjcif;rsm; jzpfEdkifonf? xdk‹tjyif ta&jym;a&m*gtrsdK;rsdK;udkvnf;jzpfap
onfhtjyif -xdKifcsKdif;em;[kac:aom vl‹toufudkyiftEW&m,fay;Edkifonfh a&m*gonfvnf;
0ufwd&pm>efrSwqifhomv#if ul;pufEdkif.? (0ufom;rSjzpfay:vmEdkifaomtEW&m,frsm;t
euf tcsdKŒudkom az:jyjcif;jzpfygonf?)
vlwdk‹twGuf tusdK;jzpfxGef;ap&efESifh vlwdk‹.usef;rma&;umuG,fa&;twGuf tEW
&m,fjzpfapEdkifaom tpm;tpmrsm;udkomv#if wm;jrpfxm;onfudk awG‹&Sd&ayonf?

25
 odk‹aomfvnf;/ Tae&mwGif tcsufwpfcsufudkxyfrHaz:jy&efta&;-uD;vmygonf?
t&mwpfckckudk wm;jrpfjcif;/ cGifhjyKjcif;wdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. trdef‹yifjzpfayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.w&m;awmft& vlom;rsm;wGif vdkufemusifhokH;&efwm0efomv#if &Sday
onf? xdkwm;jrpfcsufrsm;. aemufuG,f&SdtusdK;ta-umif;udk az:jy&efrSm tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwf. tvdkawmf oabmawmfomv#ifjzpf.? odk‹aomfvnf;/ vG,fulr+&SdI vlwdk‹.pdwf
wGif;Y Za0Z0grjzpfbJ &Sif;vif;ap&eftwGuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf txufuaz:jycJh
onfhtwdkif; wm;jrpfcsuftajrmuftjrm;wGif usdK;a-umif;rsm;udkvnf; az:jyxm;avonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tpm;tpmwpfrsKd;rsdK;udk wm;jrpf
aomtcg/ vlrsm;taejzifh rvGJra&Smifomaom tajctaeESifh -uHKawG‹onfhtcgwGif rnfodk‹
rnfykHvdkufemusifhokH;&rnfudkvnf; xyfrHaz:jyxm;ayonf? xdkuJhodk‹ rar#mfvifhaom tajc
taewpfckckESifh &ifqdkif&onfhtcgwGif vlwdk‹taejzifh pdwf±+wfaxG;jcif;rjzpfatmif um
uG,fxm;jcif;jzpfonf? TtcsufESifhywfoufonfh uk&ftmeftm,wfawmftcsKdŒudk az:jy
vdkufygonf?
odk‹jzpfay&m toifwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹tm; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu csD;jr‡ifhay;oem;awmfrlaom t
&mrsm;teuf oef‹&Sif;pif-u,faom/ ‘[vmvf’pm;okH;cGifhjyKawmfrlaomt&mrsm;udk pm;okH;
-uukef? xdkrSwyg; toifwdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudkom c0yfudk;uG,f-uygv#if xdkt
&Sifjrwf. aus;Zl;awmfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;I aus;Zl;wif±Sd-uavukef?
xdkt&Sifjrwfonf taoaumif (rsm;)/ (,dkpD;aom)aoG;/ 0ufwd&dpm>ef.tom;ESifh tv†m[f
t&SifjrwfrSwyg; tjcm;udk&nfpl;(wovSD;jzwf)xm;aot&mrsm;udkomv#if “[&mrf”[lI
jrpfwm;xm;awmfrlcJhavonf? odk‹(wm;jrpfxm;awmfrl)jim;vnf; rv$Jra&Smifom(atmif
tusyftwnf;awG‹-uHKae)aomolwpfOD;onf(wm;jrpfxm;aomt[m&udk ckHrif)wyfrufol
r[kwfIvnf;aumif;/ (tpm;)usL;olr[kwfIvnf;aumif; (toufrao&Hkr# pm;okH;cJhyg
v#if) {uefrvGJ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf txl;csrf;omcGifh ay;oem;awmfrlaom t&Sif/
txl;oem;-uifemawmfrlaomt&Sif/ jzpfawmfrlayownf;? (pl&m tvfe[vf
16;114=115)
Tuk&ftmeftm,wfawmf.tqkH;ydkif;wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. cGifhv$wfcsufudk
az:jyxm;jcif;ESifh tumtuG,fay;xm;jcif;onf tDrmefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹twGuf pdwf
vufcsrf;om oufomapaom owif;aumif;yifjzpf.? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ vlom;rsm;
onf pdwf"gwftiftm; aysmhnHhaoma0ae,sjzpfaoma-umifh/ trSm;rsm;jyKEdkifjcif;/ arhavsmh
jcif;/ tm&HkpGJjidvsuf&Sdwwfjcif;/ r&nf&G,fbJjyKrlwwfjcif;rsm; &Sdonf? odk‹aomfvnf; t
u,fI pdwf&if;oef‹oef‹jzifh aemifw&I usL;vGefcJhaomtjypfrScGifhv$wf&efawmif;yefygu
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu cGifhv$wfonfhtjyif tumtuG,fay;rnfjzpf.?
qGvmwf0wfjyK&mY av#mhayghouf!‡mr+ay;jcif;?
qGvmwf0wfjyKjcif;onf rGwfpvifrfwdk‹u tv†m[ft&SifjrwfowfrSwfxm;aomt
csdefrsm;wGif woufwmvkH; ypfy,fjcif;r&SdbJ vdkufemusifhokH;&rnfhwm0efjzpfayonf?
bmoma&;wm0efrsm;udk vdkufemusifhokH;r+r&Sdolwdk‹onf touftdkrif;onfhtcsdeftxd xdk

26
wm0efudk a±$Œqdkif;xm;avh&Sd-uonf? odk‹aomfvnf; qGvmwf0wfjyKjcif;onf tjcm;usifh
pOfrsm;xuftvGefw&m vG,fulaomusifhpOf jzpfayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu wpfOD;csif;vdkufem&rnfh rvkyfrae&usifhpOfwm0efudk vdkufem
usifhokH;&efrSm vlwpfOD;csif;wGif wm0ef&Sdayonf? xdkuJhodk‹vdkufemusifhokH;jcif;twGuf
tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf. oabmwljcif;/ oem;-uifem u&k%moufa&mufjcif;ESifh *sEMwfokc
bkHodk‹a&muf&SdEdkifjcif;qk ponfwdk‹udk tpm;jyefvnf&&Sd-urnfjzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwfu rvkyfrae& (z&f'f)tjzpf ay;xm;aomc0yfudk;uG,fr+ qGvmwf0wfjyKjcif;wm0efudk
vG,fulr+&Sdatmif n$ef-um;xm;jcif;udk-unfhjcif;jzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oem;-uifemjcif;
r[mu&k%mawmfudk od&SdEdkifayonf? TuJhodk‹ vG,fulatmif pDrHxm;ay;aomfvnf;/
(uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu wm0efr&Sd[k owfrSwfjyqdkxm;olrsm;rS
ty) rnfolur# tiftm;r&Sdaoma-umifh/ odk‹r[kwf qGvmwf0wfjyK&ef cufcJaoma-umifh[k
ta-umif;jyI a&Smifae&ef ta-umif;r&Sdawmhacs?
Oyrm/ 0kol(ajcvufaq;a-umoef‹pifjcif;)udpPESifhywfoufI tvGefwdusyGifhvif;
pGm wnfhwnfhyif trdef‹&Sdxm;awmfrl.? tu,fI wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf a&udk&SmI rawG‹
&Sdygu a&tpm; oef‹jyef‹aom oJ/ ausmufwkH;/ ajr-uD;/ odk‹r[kwf ESif;rsm;udk tpm;xdk;I
“o,rfrGefrf” jyKcGifh ay;xm;ayonf? a&udk&SmIrawG‹&SdoltwGuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwpfydk'fwGif “o,rfrGefrf” rnfodk‹jyK&rnfudk jyqdkxm;awmfrlav
onf?
‚if;jyif tu,fI toifwdk‹onf a0'em&Sifrsm;jzpfae-uaomf‚if;/ c&D;onfrsm;jzpfae-u
aomf‚if;/ odk‹wnf;r[kwf toifwdk‹teuf wpkHwa,mufaomolonf/ usif-uD;usifi,f
pGef‹&mrS jyefcJhonf&Sdaomfvnf;aumif;/ odk‹wnf;r[kwf toifwdk‹onf (rdrdwdk‹.) ZeD;rdef;r
rsm;ESifh arxkefoH0go jyKcJh-uonf&Sdaomfvnf;aumif;/ jyD;aemuf toifwdk‹onf a&udkr&&Sd
cJh-uygv#ifpif-u,foef‹jyef‹faomajr-uD;jzifh “o,rfrGefrf”jyK-uavukef? xdktcg toifwdk‹
onf (vuf0g; ESpfbufjzifh ajr-uD;udk &dkufykwfI) rdrdwdk‹. rsufESmESifhvufrsm;udk xdkajr
-uD;jzifh yGwfowf-uavukef? (pl&m tvf*sZmtf 5;6)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. usrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmftydk'frsm;wGif az:jyxm;awmfrl
onfhtwdkif; xdkt&Sifjrwfonf vlwdk‹wGif csdKŒwJhjcif;r&Sdapvdkay? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf
wGif ay;xm;aomtrdef‹rsm;udk vG,fulatmif &Sif;vif;xm;ayonf? tv†m[ft&SifjrwfwGif
trSefwu,f ouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹twGuf qGvmwf0wfjyKjcif;onf tvGefvG,fulaom
usifhpOfyifjzpfavonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rdrdtm;c0yfudk;uG,f&mY tvG,fulqkH;
enf;vrf;ykHpHudk rdef‹qdkxm;I ,if;trdef‹udkvdkufemusifhokH;olwdk‹udk ESpfoufvufcHawmfrlI
t&Sifjrwf. r[mu&k%mawmfESifhtwl *sEMwfokcbkHodk‹ 0ifa&mufpHpm;EdkifcGifh ay;oem;
awmfrlrnfh r*Fvmowif;aumif;udk ay;xm;avonf?
ppftwGif; qGvmwf0wfjyKjcif;udk twdk;csHK;cGifhjyKjcif;?
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif av#mhayghcGifhESifh a&$Œqdkif;cGifhay;xm;aomtcsdefrsm;&Sd
onf? Oyrm/ wrefawmfrdk[rR'f(qG).vufxufY rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolrsm;onf

27
umzd&f r,kHr-unf aoGznfjiif;y,folrsm;ESifh yËdyuQ&SdaeaomtcsdefwGif/ rktfrifefwdk‹.
c0yfudk;uG,fr+ qGvmwfwm0efrsm;wGif ouf!Smr+ay;xm;cJhonf? ppfjzpfaeonfhtcsdefwGif
qGvmwf0wfjyKjcif;udk vdktyfaeygu twdkcsHK;cGifhjyKxm;onf?
‚if;jyif t-uiftcg0,f/ toifwdk‹onf urBmajrjyif0,f c&D;xGufcJh-uukef.? xdktcg0,f
toifwdk‹onf tu,fI rdrdwdk‹tm; umzd&fr,kHr-unf aoGznfjiif;y,faomolwdk‹u 'kuQ
ay;-urnfudk pdk;&drf-uonf±Sdaomf/ toifwdk‹Y “qGvmwf”0wfjyKr+udk avsmhIjyKjcif;tm;
jzifh tjypfwpkHw&mr# r&Sdacs? (pl&m tefeDqm 4;101)
Tuk&ftmeftm,wfawmftydk'ft&/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unf
olwdk‹tm; ay;xm;aomtrdef‹wpfckcsif;onf tusKd;w&m;ESifh ajrmfjrifr+tjynfhyg&Sdaea-umif;
awG‹&Sd&ayonf? tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf t±Sifjrwf.bENm(zefqif;jcif;cH&olaus;u|ef)rsm;
. cufcJr+udk rvdkvm;acs? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rktfrifefwdk‹. rdwfaqGppf tumt
uG,fay;oltppf jzpfayonf?
OykofoDvaqmufwnf&mY !‡mwmr+?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rGwfpvifrfwdk‹tm; &r\GmefvwGif OykofoDvapmifh&ef
trdef‹ay;xm;awmfrl.? odk‹aomfvnf; c|if;csufrsm;vnf; ay;xm;awmfrl.? Oyrm/ emzsm;
rusef;jzpfv#ifESifh c&D;oGm;aepOftwGif;Y c|if;csufay;xm;ayonf? TtcsufwGifvnf; t
v†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ u|Ekfyfwdk‹twGuf tcuftcJudkrvdkvm;bJ vG,fulr+twGufomv#if
vdkvm;a-umif; jyqdka-unmxm;avonf?
&r\GmefvY uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf usa&mufcJhavonf? (,if;uk&ftmefusrf;awmf
jrwfonf) vlom;cyfodrf;wdk‹tbdk‹ w&m;"rRtjzpf‚if;/ w&m;vrf;rSef&apaom trSm;trSef
udk cGJjcm;odapaom xif±Sm;vSonfh oufaocHvuQ%mrsm;tjzpf‚if; (usa&mufvmaom
usrf;awmfjrwfyifwnf;)?
odk‹jzpfav&m toifwdk‹teufrS rnfolrqdk xdkvjrwfESifh -uHK-udKufcJhygv#if xdkolonf ,if;
vjrwfY OykofoDwif;aqmufwnf&ayrnf? odk‹&mwGif t-uifolwpfOD;wpfa,mufonf w
pkHw&m a0'empGJuyfI rusef;rrmjzpfcJhaomf xdkol‹tay:0,f tjcm;aomae‹&ufrsm;wGif (rdrd
ysufuGufcJhaomOykof&ufrsm;udk) wGufppfI jznfhpGufaqmufwnf&ef wm0ef&Sdayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹tbdk‹ oufomacsmifcsdr+udk tvdk&Sdawmfrlayonf? toif
wdk‹tbdk‹ cufcJr+udkum; vdkvm;awmfrlonfr[kwfacs? xdk‹jyifw0 (tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf)
toifwdk‹(ysufuGufcJhaom ae‹&uf)ta&twGufudk jynfhpkHatmifjyKap&ef‚if;/ tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwftm; xdkt&Sifjrwf !$efjyawmfrlaom enf;vrf;twdkif; -uD;uJjrifhjrwfawmfrla-umif;
&Gwfqdk-u&ef‚if; (tvdkqEN &Sdawmfrlonf)? odk‹rSomv#if toifwdk‹onf (xdkt&Sifjrwf.)
aus;Zl;awmfudk odaomolrsm; jzpf-u&monf? (pl&m tvfbuU&m 2;185)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu u|Ekfyfwdk‹twGuf vG,fulr+udkom vdkvm;awmfrljcif;wGif bm
oma&;onf cufcJusOf;usyfjcif;r[kwfbJ &dk;&dk;&Sif;&Sif;ESifhvG,fulr+&Sdjcif;udkvnf; pOf;pm;
qifjcifI oabmaygufoifhygonf? bmoma&;usifhpOfrsm;udk vdkufemusifhokH;&mY cufcJ

28
usOf;usyfr+'kuQrsm;±SdrnfxifI a&SmifcGmaeolwdk‹onf/ bmoma&;udk trSeftwdkif;rod&Sd-u
olrsm; jzpfojzifh rSm;,Gif;aomb0wGif a&muf&Sdae-uolrsm;jzpfayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu wm0efuif;v$wfcGifh ay;xm;olrsm;?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. t-uifemarwWmu&k%mw&m;udk xif&Sm;pGmjyoonfhtae
jzifh/ pGrf;aqmifEdkifr+r&Sdolwdk‹tm; txufuqdkcJhaom wm0efrsm;udk ray;xm;ay? tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwfu atmufyguk&ftmeftm,wfawmfwGif rdef‹qdkxm;awmfrl.?
odk‹&mwGif rsufpduG,faomol.tay:Y tjypfwpfpkHwpf&mr&Sdacs? ‚if;jyif ajcusdK;.tay:
Yvnf; rnfonfhtjypfr#r&Sdacs? xdkenf;wlpGm a0'em&Sif.tay:Yvnf; tjypfwpfpkHwpf
&mr# r&Sdacs? ppfppfwrlum; rnfolrqdk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftrdef‹awmfudkvnf;aumif;/ xdk
t&Sifjrwf. &plvfwrefawmf. trdef‹awmfudkvnf;aumif;/ vdkufemonf&Sdaomf xdkt&Sif
jrwfonf ‚if;tm; t-uifO,smOfrsm;odk‹ 0ifa&mufapawmfrlayrnf? ,if;O,smOfrsm;.
atmufY acsmif;rsm; pD;qif;vsuf&Sd-uayrnf? odk‹&mwGif rnfolrqdk (trdef‹awmfudk vdkuf
emjcif;r&SdbJ) rsufESmv$Jonf&Sdaomf xdkt&Sifjrwfonf ‚if;tm; jyif;jyemusifzG,fjzpfaom
jypf'%fudk pD&ifwyf&dkufawmfrltHhownf;? (pl&m tvfzwf[f 48;17)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk c0yfudk;uG,fr+wm0efrsm;twGuf 'kuQdwrsm;udk cGifhv$wfxm;
jyD;aemuf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf t&Sifjrwf. t-uifemarwWmu&k%mawmfudk xyfrHouf
aojyawmfrlayonf? atmufyguk&ftmeftm,wftydk'fwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwdk‹t
wGufcufcJr+'kuQqif;&Jjzpfjcif;udk rvdkvm;a-umif;ESifh t&Sifjrwf. arwWmu&k%mt-uifem
w&m;udk xif&Sm;pGmxyfrHaz:jyxm;ayonf?
===xdkrSwyg;wkH tu,fIom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf tvdkawmf&SdawmfrlcJhygv#if toif
wdk‹udk rkcs 'kuQa&mufapawmfrljyD;jzpfacsjyD? rkcs tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf wefcdk;tmEkabmf
jzifhv$rf;rdk;awmfrlaomt&Sif/ tusKd;ta-umif; qifjcifwkHw&m;ESifh jynfhpkHawmfrlaomt&Sif
jzpfawmfrlownf;? (pl&m tvfbuU&m[f 2;220)
rawmfwq tr+rJhtrSwfrJh jyKrdaomusdefqdkr+rsm;ESifhywfoufI
oufn‡mr+?
usdefqdkjcif;onf r-umc%u-uHKawG‹-u.? tcsdKŒaomolwdk‹onf tr+rJhtrSwfrJh r
awmfwqusdefqdkwwfaomtusifh &Sd-uonf? txl;ojzifh wpfckckaom *wday;jcif;rsdK;wGif
jzpfwwfonf? rdrd.usdefqdkcsuftwdkif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh uwdwnfjcif;onf rGwfpvifrf
wpfOD;csif;. *k%ft*Fg&yfjzpfonf[k tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif
trdef‹&Sdxm;onf? odk‹aomfvnf; vlom;rsm;onf/ arhavsmhwwfaom owW0gjzpfojzifh/
wcgw&H rdrdwdk‹jyKxm;aom*wdudk arhavsmhI raqmif&Gufrdjcif;vnf; jzpfwwfonf? ‚if;
rSm vlom;wdk‹. aysmhuGufwpfckjzpfI obm0tav#mufjzpfwwfaom tcsif;t&mwpfck
jzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹ xdkuJhodk‹ rawmfwqtr+rJh
trSwfrJhjyKrdaom*wdrsm;ESifh arhavsmhIraqmif&Gufrdaom *wdrwnfjcif;rsm;twGuf tjypf
r,lacs? taotcsmay;aom*wdopPmudk ysufuGufr+twGufudkum; aemufqkH;w&m;pD&if

29
aomae‹wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu ta&;,lrnfjzpfaomfvnf;/ &nf&G,fcsufr&Sd tr+rJh
trSwfrJhjyKrdaom *wdrsm;twGufudkrl cGifhv$wfrnfjzpf.? ,if;udpPESifhywfoufI tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwfonf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf&Sd tm,wftydk'fwpfckwGif az:jyxm;awmfrl.?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹. tcsnf;ESD;aom usdefqdkcsufrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I toifwdk‹
udk jypf'%fay;awmfrlrnfr[kwf? odk‹&mwGif toifwdk‹.pdwfESvkH;rsm;u aphaqmfwdkufwGef;
I usdefqdkaom usdefqdkcsufrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;Irl xdkt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹udk jypf'%fay;
awmfrlayrnf? trSefaomfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf t-udrf-udrf vGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifh
ay;oem;awmfrlaomt&Sif/ tvGefaxmufxm;!‡mwmawmfrlaomt&Sif/ jzpfawmfrlayo
wnf;? (pl&mtvfbuU&m[f 2;225)
usdefqdkjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;I tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu aemufxyfouf!‡mr+wpfckxyfay;
xm;.? udpPwpfckckudk&nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sdjzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.emrHawmfjzifh usdefqdkxm;
aomfvnf; xdkusdefqdkcsufudk y,fzsufvdkonf&Sdaomf/ aemifw&apjcif;iSm atmufygtwdkif;
trdef‹ay;xm;awmfrlayonf?
{uefpifppf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹tusdK;iSm toifwdk‹. usdefqdkcsufrsm;udk ajz
Edkif&ef(enf;vrf;)owfrSwfI ay;awmfrlcJh.? (pl&m tvfw[f&Drf 66;2)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹. tcsnf;ESD;aom usdefqdkcsufrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;I toif
wdk‹tm; jypf'%fay;awmfrlrnfr[kwf/ odk‹&mwGif toifwdk‹tcdkiftrm usdefqdk-uaom usdef
qdkcsufrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;Ium; toifwdk‹udk tjypf'%f ay;awmfrlrnfjzpfonf?
odk‹ay&m (,ifuJhodk‹aom usdefqdkcsufrsm;udk csdK;azgufcJhonf&Sdaomf) xdkusdefqdkcsufudk(csdK;
azgufjcif;).tjypftmywfajzr+um;/ toifwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹. tdrfoltdrfom;wdk‹udk au|;
arG;avh&Sd-uaom cJbG,fabmZOfrsdK;xJrS tvwfpm;jzpfaom cJbG,fabmZOfudk olqif;&J
q,fa,muftm; au|;arG;jcif;aomf‚if;/ xdkolqif;&Jom; (q,fa,muf)wdk‹tm; t0wft
pm;(wpfpkHuspD) ay;jcif;aomf‚if;/ u|efwpfa,mufudk u|eftjzpfrS vGwfajrmufapjcif;aomf
‚if;/ jzpfacsonf? odk‹&mwGif t-uifolonf (Ttcsufrsm;udkvdkufem&ef) rwwfpGrf;EdkifcJhyg
rl (xdkolonf) okH;&ufqufI “qGD,mrf”Oykofaqmufwnf&rnf? Tonfwdk‹um; toif
wdk‹ usdefqdkjyD; (rdrdwdk‹. usdefqdkcsufrsm;udk csdK;azguf)cJhonf&Sdaomf toifwdk‹ usdefqdkcsuf
rsm;. tjypftmywfajzjcif;yif jzpfonf? ‚if;jyif toifwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹. usdefqdkcsufrsm;
udk apmifhxdef;-uavukef? Todk‹tm;jzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rdrd.trdef‹awmfrsm;udk t
oifwdk‹tbdk‹ &Sif;vif;pGmxkwfaz:rdef‹-um;awmfrlavonf? odk‹rSomv#if toifwdk‹ aus;Zl;
odwwf-uayrnf? (pl&mtvfrmath'[f 5;89)
Tuk&ftmeftm,wfawmftydk'frsm;udk -unhfjcif;jzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwdk‹
u tajctaeESpfrsdK;pvkH;wGif bmoma&;pnf;rsOf;abmiftwGif;Y vG,fulpGmvdkufemusifhokH;
aexdkifEdkifatmif csrSwfay;xm;awmfrlonfudk od&SdEdkifayonf?
trSefpifppf rdrdwdk‹usdefqdkcsufESifh *wdopPmwnfjcif;onf taumif;qkH;yifjzpf.?
odk‹aomfvnf; vlom;wdk‹onf arhavsmhwwfonf? odk‹r[kwf tcsdefumvay:rlwnfI
*wdopPmusdefqdkpOfutajctaeajymif;vJoGm;ojzifh rdrdusdefqdkcsuf*wdopPmtwdkif; aqmif

30
&GufEdkifpGrf;r&SdbJ jzpfEdkifayonf? vlwdkif;. pdwfcsrf;omr+&Sdap&eftwGuf tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwfonf xdkusdefqdkcsufrsm;udk rjznfhpGrf;EdkifonfhtwGuf tmywfajz&ef enf;vrf;ay;xm;
jcif; jzpfayonf?
‚if;jyif *wdopPmusdefqdkcsufudk zsuf&mY tmywfajzenf;rsm;ay;xm;jcif;onf/
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu xdkolonf vdyfjymoef‹oef‹pdwfcsrf;ompGm qufvuftouf&SifaeEdkif
&efESifh owdw&m;&Sdap&efyif jzpfayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ xdkuJhodk‹ *wdopPmusdefqdk
csufudk zsufolonf xdkusdefqdkcsufudk tpm;xdk;aqmif&Gufr+&Sdojzifh xdkusdefqdkcsufudk r
zsufrD rdrdu tu,fpifppfrzsufbJ aqmif&GufEdkifrnf [kwfr[kwfudk xyfrHpOf;pm;ayvdrfh
rnf? aemufqkH;wGif taumif;qkH;toifhawmfqkH; enf;vrf;udkqkH;jzwf,lvdrfhrnf?
xdk‹a-umifh ,QKtcsdeftxd aqG;aEG;cJhaomtcsufrsm;udk axmuf±+I tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwfonf t&Sifjrwf.omoemudk vdkufemusifhokH;&mY tvG,fulqkH;jzpfatmif owfrSwf
ay;xm;onf[k oabmaygufEdkifayonf? xdk‹a-umifh tpPvmrfomoemonf tpOftjrJ t
csdefra&G; tajctaewdkif;wGif vdkufemusifhokH;Edkifatmif vG,fulonfhomoemjzpfayonf?
vlwpfOD;onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk pdwfapwemoef‹oef‹jzifh ouf0if,kH-unfI rGwfp
vifrfjzpfrnfqdkygu/ xdkolonf tpPvmrfomoemhusifhpOfrsm;udk usifhokH;&mY rnfonfh
tcuftcJudkr# &ifqdkifae&onf[k cHpm;&rnfr[kwfay?
bmoma&;ESifhuif;uGmaeaomvlwdk‹onf rdrd.b0twGuf &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkif
wpfckckudk owfrSwfxm;avh&Sd-uonf? xdk&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifwdk‹onfvnf; avmuDa&;ESifh
omv#if trsm;qkH;ywfoufaeayonf? Oyrm/ trsm;tm;jzifh vlwdk‹.&nf&G,fcsufyef;wdkif
rSm tvGefawmfaomq&m0efjzpf&ef/ atmifjrifaom tif*sifeD,mjzpf&ef/ zcifaumif; wpf
a,mufjzpf&ef/ -uG,f0csrf;omaom ukefonf-uD;wpfOD;jzpf&ef/ urBmausmf tEkynm&Sif
wpfOD;jzpf&ef/ ponfjzifh &nf&G,favh&Sd-uonf? xdk‹a-umifh vlwdk‹onf xdk&nfrSef;csuf
yef;wdkifodk‹a&muf&ef tvkyf-udK;yef;-uonf? xdkatmifjrifcsufrsm;/ csrf;omaysmf±$ifr+rsm;ESifh
txufuqdkcJhonfhyef;wdkif;rsm;tjyif tjcm;tjcm;aom&nfrSef;csufpnf;pdrfrsm;udk&&Sd&ef
ESifh vlr+a&;tqifhtwef;wpfckckodk‹ a&mufatmif tppt&m&mudk t±+H;cHpaw;Edkif-u.?
xdk&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifrsm;wGif epfrGef;aecsdefwGif/ TurBmavmuwGif rdrdvma&muftouf
&Sifjcif;. t"duta-umif;udk arhxm;z,fxm;vdkuf-uavonf?
xdkuJhodk‹aom owdvpf[if;r+udk trSefw&m;odk‹a&mufatmif jyKjyifEdkif&eftcsufrSm/
vlwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd.b0ESifhywfoufonfh ar;cGef;rsm;xkwfI rdrdonf wpfae‹ae‹wGif
toufuG,fvGefvdrfhrnfudk pOf;pm;owd&oifhayonf? “TurBmwGif u|Ekfyfbmha-umifh
a&mufaeoenf;?” “u|Efkyfbmha-umifh touf&Sifae&oenf;?” “u|Ekfyfonf atmifjrif
aom aqmufvkyfa&;ydokumwpfOD;jzpfI -uD;us,fonfh taqmuftODtajrmuftjrm;.
ykHpHrsm;udk a&;qGJcJhavjyD/ aiGa-u;csrf;om-uG,f0aejyD/ *k%fxl;aqmifvufrSwfrsm;vnf;&&Sd
cJhjyD/ urBmausmfwpfOD;vnf;jzpfaejyD/ odk‹aomfvnf; xdkatmifjrifr+rsm;onf/ u|EfkyftwGuf
bmay;ovJ/ TurBmwGif csefxm;cJh&rnfh ,if;tusdK;tjrwfrsm;u u|Ekfyf. aemifwrvGef
b0twGuf rnfonfhtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; ay;ygoenf;/ u|Ekfyf.touf&Sifjcif;onf TurBm

31
wGifomv#if qkH;cef;wdkif;oGm;jyD;avm?” ponfhar;cGef;rsm;onf vlwdkif;vlwdkif; toufr
aorDtwGif; ar;jref;oifhaom ar;cGef;rsm;jzpfayonf?
vlwdk‹onf tvkyftudkif&mxl;&mcHwpfckck&Sd&rnfrSm xif&Sm;ygonf? xdktvkyftudkif
&mxl;&mcHrsm;wGif tpGrf;ukef atmifjrifr+&Sd&efvnf;vdkvm;-uygvdrfhrnf? xdk tvkyftudkif
&mxl;&mcHwdk‹onf olwdk‹.aemufqkH;yef;wdkifodk‹ teD;uyfqkH;a&muf&Sdaprnfh u&d,m
wefqmyvmomv#if jzpfoifha-umif;udk owd&&eftvGefta&;-uD;ayonf? odk‹aomfvnf;
vltajrmuftjrm;wdk‹u rdrdwdk‹ TurBmavmuwGif touf&Sifaejcif;onf aemufqkH;
yef;wdkifjzpfonfh aemifwrvGefb0twGuf jyifqif-u&ef acwWc%omv#ifa&muf&Sdae-u
onfhtjzpfudk *&krrlarhavsmhxm;um xdktvkyftudkifESifh&mxl;&mcHrsm;twGufomv#if rdrd
.b0wpfckvkH;udk pkH;pkH;jr‡Kyf &if;ESD;xm;-uayonf?
tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf vlom;wdk‹tm; &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sdjzifh zefqif; xm;a-umif;
trSefw&m;udk od&Sd-u&efrSm vlwdkif;twGuf tvGefeufeufeJeJawG;awmae&efrvdktyfacs?
vlom;rsm;udk zefqif;jcif;onf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk c0yfudk;uG,f&eftwGufomv#ifjzpf
a-umif; uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif rdef‹qdkxm;ayonf? p-um0VmwpfckvkH;onfvnf;
aemifwrvGefb0wGif vlom;wdk‹.tqifhtwef;rsm;udk owfrSwfay;&eftwGuf pr;foyf
onfh ae&ma'otjzpf zefqif;xm;jcif;jzpfayonf? TtrSefw&m;ESifhywfoufI uk&ftmef
usrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu Todk‹rdef‹qdkxm;ayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹tm; toifwdk‹teuf rnfolonf tusifhtrltm;jzifh t
aumif;qkH;jzpfonfudk prf;oyfawmfrltHhaomiSm “r&%”aojcif;w&m;udkvnf;aumif;/
touf±Sifjcif;udkvnf;aumif;/ zefqif;awmfrlcJh.? xdkrSwyg; xdkt&Sifjrwfonf tvGefw
&m cef‹nm;awmfrlaomt&Sif/ tvGefw&m cGifhv$wfawmfrlaomt&Sif/ jzpfawmfrl.?
(pl&mtvfrkvfuf 67;2)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu acwWc%ay:yifomjzpfaom TurBmavmu. t*Fg&yfrsm;
ESifh aemifwrGefb0wGif vlom;wdk‹tpOftjrJxm0&pHpm;&rnfhbkHeef;ESifhywfoufI em;vnf
oabmayguf-u&eftwGuf oufaoom"u tajrmuftjrm;udkvnf; ay;xm;awmfrl.?
Oyrm/ vlwdk‹emrusef;jzpfaponfh a&m*gtrsKd;rsdK;&Sdonf? ol‹xuftqaygif; oef;csD
I-uD;rm;aom vl‹cE<mudk,fudk toufaoap Edkifavmufatmif tEW&m,fay;Edkifaom rSefbD
vl;jzifhom jrifEdkifonfh Adkif&yfpfydk;rsm;vnf;&Sd.? vlwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.cE<mudk,fudk tpOfo
jzifh pif-u,foef‹&Sif;pGm xm;-u&onf? tpOfojzifh oef‹&Sif;pif-u,faomtpmrsm;udk pm;
okH;ae-u&onf? em;aejcif; tdyfjcif;jyK&onf? wpfOD;csif;. toufonf tvGefw&mwdk
awmif;vSayonf? y#rf;r#tm;jzifh ESpfaygif; 60=70 cef‹om&Sdavonf? tcsdefonfvnf; vl
om;wdk‹twGuf jiD;aiG‹p&maumif;aomt&mwpfckjzpfayonf? vlwdk‹twGuf aemufqkH;rvGJr
a&SmifEdkifaomt&monf r&%aojcif;w&m;jzpf.? rdrdwdk‹cspfcifjrwfEdk;olrsm;/ OpPm"epnf;
pdrfrsm;/ woufwmvkH;-udK;yrf;I &&SdcJhaom*k%f-uufoa&rsm;/ ponfwdk‹udk ypfxm;cJh&ay
onf? aemufqkH;rSm toufaojyD;aom vl‹cE<mudk,f tavmif;onf ykyfyGoGm;ojzifh ajr-uD;
wGifjr‡KyfESHypf&avonf? TOyrmrsm;ESifhtwl tjcm;tjcm;aomO'g[&keftajrmuftjrm;wdk‹
jzifh vlwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.oufwef; wdkawmif;vSa-umif;/ rjynhfrpkHr+csdKŒ,Gif;csufrsm;ESifh

32
jynfheufvsuf&Sda-umif;/ ponfhtcsufrsm;onf rdrd.touf0dnmOf. vdktyfr+udk jynfhpkHap
Edkifjcif;r&Sda-umif;udk em;vnfoabmaygufapEdkifayonf?
pifppf igt&Sifjrwfonf rdk;aumif;uifudkvnf;aumif;/ yx0Dajrudkvnf;aumif;/ ,if;ESpf
ck.t-um;Y &Sdonfwdk‹udkvnf;aumif;/ upm;oltjzpf (tysif;ajy) zefqif;xm;awmfrl
onf r[kwfay?
tu,fIom igt&Sifjrwfonf tysif;ajyupm;p&mudkom jyKvkyf&ef&nfpl;I jyKvkyf
awmfrlrnfht&Sif jzpfawmfrlcJhygv#if/ igt&Sifjrwfonf ,if;upm;p&mudk {uefrkcs rdrd
txHawmfY &SdonfteufrSyif jyKvkyfxm;awmfrlayrnf? (pl&mtvftrfAD,m 21;16=17)
trSefpifppf tenf;i,favmufr#om pOf;pm;jcif;jzifhyif/ TurBmavmuonf rdrd
twGuf tpOftjrJaexdkif&rnfh ae&mXmer[kwfa-umif;udk od&SdEdkifayonf? TurBmavmu
onf/ prf;oyfaomae&mr#om jzpfayonf? Tb0onf aemufqkH;tqifhr[kwfacs? acwW
ausmfv$m;jzwfoGm;aom ae&mXmejzpfayonf? Tjzwfoef;vmcJhaom -um;umvtwGif; rd
rdwdk‹.jyKrlvkyfaqmifcsuftm;vkH;udk rdrdtm; AvmewˆdtvsOf;r&Sd&mrS zefqif;cJhol tv†m[f
t&SifjrwfxHawmfa&SŒY tajzay;-u&rnfh wm0efvnf;&Sdayonf?
Ttcsuftxd pOf;pm;oabmaygufolonf/ aemufwpfqifhxyfI pOf;pm;&ayrnf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwdk‹tm; ykHpHtrsKd;rsdK;jzifh prf;oyfayonf? aumif;aomykHpHrsm;
vnf;jzpfEdkifonf? raumif;aomykHpHvnf;jzpfEdkifayonf? ae‹wdkif;u|Ekfyfwdk‹-uHKawG‹-u&
onfhtjzpftysufrsm;tm;vkH;onf aovGefjyD;aemuf wrvGefb0wGif tokH;0if yg0ifrnfh
tusdK;w&m;twGuf prf;oyfcsufrsm;yif jzpfayonf? xdkprf;oyfcsufrsm;udk tv†m[ft±Sif
jrwfu vG,fulr+&Sdatmif zefwD;xm;ay;awmfrl.? rnfonfhvrf;udk vdkuf&rnfudkvnf;
n$ef-um;xm;awmfrl.? qdkvkd&if;rSm rnfodk‹jyKrlusifh-uH-u&rnfudk rdef‹qdkjyoxm;awmfrl
.?
{uefpifppf igt&Sifjrwfonf vlom;tm; prf;oyfvdkawmfrlaomtm;jzifh a&maESmaygif;pyf
aom uvva&-unfjzifh zefqif;awmfrlcJh.? odk‹jzpfay&m igt&Sifjrwfonf ‚if;tm; -um;
ol/ jrifol(tjzpf) jyKvkyfawmfrlcJh.?
pifppf{uef igt&Sifjrwfonf xdkvlom;tm; ‚if;onf aus;Zl;wifonfjzpfap/ aus;Zl;uef;
onfjzpfap/ w&m;vrf;rSefudk jyoawmfrlcJh.? (pl&m tvf'[f&f 76;2=3)
Ttm,wfawmftydk'frsm;t&/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ vlwdk‹tm; rSefuefaomb0vrf;
a-umif;udk jyoay;oem;awmfrljyD; vlom;wdk‹tm; rSefuefaombmom omoemtodynm
rsm;udk &±Sdapum aumif;rGefaomudk,fusifhw&m;&Sdapvdka-umif; xif&Sm;vsuf&Sdayonf? vl
wdkif;udk toufraoqkH;rD bmom omoemodk‹bdwfac:I trSm;trSefudk ydkif;jcm;Edkif&ef t
cGifhta&; {uefrvGJay;xm;rnf jzpfayonf? vlwdkif;onf aemifwrvGefb0twGuf T
urBmavmuwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf oabmwlvdkvm;aomudk,fusifhw&m;pnf;rsOf;pnf;
urf;vrf;pOftwdkif; acwWc%omv#if touf&SifaexdkifcGifh&&Sda-umif; od&ayrnf? vlom;
rsm;taejzifh xdkuJhodk‹aom b0vrf;a-umif;udkrodbJ rnfuJhodk‹atmifjrifpGm vdkufemusifhokH;
&rnfudk rod&Sdonfh prf;oyfr+ r[kwfay? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf acwfumvwdkif; wref

33
awmfrsm;rSwqifh usrf;awmfjrwfrsm;udk ydk‹cscJhjyD; vlwdkif;u rdrdudk zefqif;xm;jcif;. t
a-umif;&if;udk vGwfvyfpGmawG;awma&G;cs,fI vdkufemusifhokH;&ef Om%fpGrf;udkvnf; ay;
xm;awmfrl.? rSefuefaomvrf;pOfudk ydk‹csjyoxm;jcif;jzifh raumif;r+tukodkvfrsm;rS
umuG,fxm;awmfrl.? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ouf0if,kH-unfI rdrdudk,fudk xdkt&Sifjrwf
xHawmfyg;Y pdwfa&mudk,fyg vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;tyfESif;xm;olwdk‹ESifh rnfonfhtajctaersKd;
wGifrqdk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudkom tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKolwdk‹twGuf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.
prf;oyfr+rsm;onf vG,fulI aysmfarG‹zG,fyifjzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk pdwf&if;
apwemoef‹oef‹jzifh ,kH-unfI xdkt&SifjrwfwGif ouf0if,kH-unfjcif;. b0v#dKŒ0Suf
csufrsm;udk od&SdoltwGuf/ TurBmavmu&Sd cufcJr+/ 0rf;enf;ausuGJr+/ 'kuQqif;&Jjcif;/ odk‹
r[kwf ±+wfaxG;ayGvDr+rsm; ±Sdrnfr[kwfay? tajctaewdkif;onf tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf xH
awmfrSvmaom aumif;csD;r*Fvmomv#ifjzpfI tv†m[ft±SifjrwfESifh ydkrdkeD;uyfum *sEMwf
okcbkHodk‹ a&muf&Sdrnfh tcGifhta&;ydkrdk&Sdavonf?
xdkuJhodk‹aomb0udk&&Sd&efrSm rdrdwdk‹.pdwf&if;apwemjzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudkouf
0if,kH-unfI xdkt&Sifjrwfudk oabmaygufod&Sd&ef OD;pGmvdktyfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf
udk todtrSwfjyKI xdkt&Sifjrwf. bkef;wefcdk;tmEkabmfudk od&Sdavav xdkolonf bmom
a&;wGif ydkrdkudkif;±+dif;I tv†m[ft&SifjrwfESifh ydkrdkeD;uyfrnfjzpfayonf? Oyrm/ tv†m[ft
&Sifjrwf. cGifhv$wfjcif;udk od&Sdolonf rdrdu r&nf&G,fbJjyKrlrdaomtrSm;rsm;twGuf ar#mf
vifhcsufuif;pGmjzifh 0rf;enf;yufvufjzpfaernfr[kwfay? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfomv#if
tppt&m&mudk ay;urf;xm;oljzpfa-umif;udk ,kH-unfolonf aiGa-u;twGuf avmb-uD;
aernf r[kwf? vlwdk‹. touf&Sifpm;0wfaea&;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu xdkol.vkyftm;
twdkif;twmESifh vdktyfr+t& ay;urf;aea-umif;udk od&Sdxm;olonf/ toufarG;0rf;
ausmif;t& tvkyf-udK;pm;rnfjzpfaomfvnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu owfrSwfay;aomt
wdkif;twmudk auseyfESpfodrfhum xdktwdkif;twmudk rdrdtaejzifh rajymif;vJEdkifa-umif;udk
vnf; od&Sdowd&aernfjzpf.? aemufqkH;wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk todtrSwfjyK ouf0if
,kH-unfoltwGuf/ TurBmavmuonf vG,fulr+&SdI/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. aumif;csD;
r*Fvmrsm;jzifhjynfheufaea-umif;udk owd&aernfjzpf.? xdkyk*~dKvfonf oltouf&Sifae
onfhtcsdefor,wdkif;wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.Asm'dwfawmfrsm;ESifh vSyaomzefqif;r+rsm;
udkomv#if awG‹jrifaernfjzpfonf? tcsKyftm;jzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk emcHI bmoma&;
udkif;±d+if;ol rGwfpvifrfwdk‹twGuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfay;xm;aom prf;oyfr+rsm;onf/
tvGefw&mvG,fulonfhtjyif vdkufemusifhokH;&mY aysmfarG‹zG,fyif jzpfaeayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf cGifhv$wfawmfrl.?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. rqkH;Edkifaom-uifemoem;jcif;r[mu&k%mawmfonf/ vlwdk‹
twGuf aumif;csD;r*Fvmjzpfayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf vlom;[lonf arhavsmhwwf
jcif;/ *&krrlwwfjcif;/ rSm;,Gif;wwfjcif;rsm;jzifh jynfheufvsuf&Sd.? tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwfonf -uD;rm;vSaom r[m*&k%mawmfjzifh vlwdk‹tm; rdrdwdk‹.trSm;rsm;udk aemifw&I
tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHrS cGifhv$wfjcif;twGuf awmif;yefwdk;±+d;&ef tcGifhta&; ay;xm;awmfrl
ayonf? rnfolrqdk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk a-umuf±GHŒI pdwfapwemt&if;cHjzifh rdrd.tjypf

34
'kp&dkufudk cGifhv$wfawmfrl&ef awmif;yefygu tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. cGifhv$wfjcif;udk trSef
wu,f&&Sd&ef ar#mfvifhcsuf&Sdayonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif “tu,fpifppfaomf
um; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹bufodk‹ (rdrd)u&k%mawmfjzifh vSnfhawmfrl&ef vdk
vm;awmfrlavonf?===” (pl&mtefeDqmtf 4;27)[k rdef‹awmfrl.? xdk‹tjyif tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwfonf rdrd.vGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifhay;awmfrlonfh *k%fawmfudk uk&ftmefusrf;awmf
jrwfwGif jyqdkxm;awmfrl.?
trSefpifppfaomfum; rnfolrqdk raumif;r+tukodkvf wpkHw&mudk usL;vGefrdtHh/ odk‹wnf;
r[kwf xdkolonf rdrdudk,fudk ESdyfpufuvljyKrdtHh/ xdk‹aemuf ,if;olonf tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwf txHawmfY vGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifhudk av#mufxm;yef-um;tHh/ xdkolonf tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwfudk tvGefw&m vGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifhay;oem;awmfrlaomt&Sif/ tvGefw&m oem;-uif
em n‡mwmawmfrlaomt&Siftjzpf awG‹&SdaytHh? (pl&mtefeDqmtf 4;110)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwdk‹tm; wpfoufwmvkH;wGif t&Sifjrwf.vGwfjidrf;csrf;
omcGifh&&Sdap&eftcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk tqufrjywfay;xm;ayonf? vlwpfOD;twGuf rdrdjypf
rSm;rdaom tjypf'kp&dkufrsm;twGuf xyfrHIrusL;vGef&ef0efcHI toufraorD rdrd.todw
&m;udk owdrl&efomvdktyfayonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmfwpfydk'fwGif t
v†m[ft&Sifjrwfu apwemroef‹aomol.aemifww&m;udkomv#if vufcHjcif;rjyKa-umif;
rdef‹qdkxm;avonf?
xdkolwdk‹xHodk‹ aojcif;w&m;onf a&muf&SdvmcsdefrwdkifrDtxd tjypf'kp&dkufr+rsm;wGif
epfrGef;vsuf&Sd-uay&m xdkolwdk‹teuf wpfOD;wpfa,mufxH aorif;a&mufvmaomtcgrS
omv#if/ xdkolu “u|efawmfrsdK;onf ,ckrkcs awmif;yefygjyD”[k av#mufxm;avonf?
‚if;jyif t-uifolrsm;tbdk‹vnf; 0efcsawmif;yefjcif;um;r&Sday? xdkolrsm;onf umzd&frsm;
tjzpf aoqkH;oGm;-u.? xdkolrsm;tbdk‹ igt&Sifjrwfonf jyif;jyem-uifbG,fjzpfaom t
jypf'%fudk toifhjyKvkyfxm;awmfrlonf? (pl&mtefeDqmtf 4;18)
vlwdk‹.trSm;rsm;udk cGifhv$wfjcif;/ tjypf'%fay;jcif;udk tcsdefqGJ apmifhqdkif;aejcif;/
olwdk‹woufwmvkH;wGif aemifww&m;&&Sdap&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm;ay;xm;jcif;/ ponfwdk‹
onf/ tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf.-uD;rm;aomoem;-uifemjcif;/ r[mu&k%mESifh t-uifemw&m;
rsm;udk xif&Sm;apaom vuQ%mawmfrsm;yif jzpfayonf? tu,fI vlwdk‹jyKvkyfusL;vGef
aom tjypf'kp&dkufrsm;twGuf csufcsif;om tjypf'%fcwfygu urBmavmuwGif ouf&Sd
[lI yif &Sdawmhrnfr[kwf[k tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu rdef‹-um;awmfrl.?
pifppfaomfum; tu,fIom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwdk‹tm; ‚if;wdk‹.rw&m;r+a-umifh
(&kwfw&ufcsufcsif;) zrf;qD;uGyfrsufawmfrlygv#if Tyx0Dajray:0,f oGm;vmv+yf&Sm;
aom owW0gwpfpkHwpfckr# usefaeawmhrnf r[kwfay? odk‹&mwGif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf ‚if;wdk‹
tm; owfrSwfjy@mef;jyD;jzpfaom tcsdefumvwdkifatmif a&$Œqdkif;awmfrlavonf? wpfzef
‚if;wdk‹.tcsdefumvonf qdkufa&mufvmaomtcg/ ‚if;wdk‹onf wpfem&Dr#yif aemufodk‹
qkwfEdkif-urnfvnf; r[kwfay? a&SŒodk‹ wdk;Edkif-urnfvnf; r[kwfaywum;? (pl&mtvf
e[fvf 16;61)

35
 xdk‹a-umifh vlwdk‹onf rnfonfhtrSm;rsm; tjypf'kp&dkufrsm;yif usL;vGefcJh-uonfjzpf
ap/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfuvdkvm;ESpfoufaomaus;u|eftjzpf ajymif;vJEdkif&ef tcsdefraESmif;
acs? vlwpfOD;onf rnfr#avmuf-uD;us,faomtjypf'kp&dkufudkyif usL;vGefcJhonfjzpfap/
rnfr#-umanmif;atmif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk jiif;y,fI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.omoem
awmfESifh a0;uGmcJhayaomfvnf;/ pdwf&if;apwemt&if;jzifh aemifww&m;&&SdjyD; bmoma&;
udkif;±+dif;oltjzpfajymif;vJoGm;ygu/ ol.tjypf'kp&dkufrsm;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;ae&ef rvdk
tyfawmhacs? xdkuJhodk‹aom tjypf'kp&dkufrsm;udk aemufxyfrusL;vGef&ef oifcef;pmtjzpf
rSwf,l&efavmufom jzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ owday;jyD;aemufwGif trSef
w&m;udk&SmazGawG‹&SdI bmoma&;udkif;±+dkif;onfh rGwfpvifrfwdk‹.aemufa-umif;udk ar;jref;
jcif; jyKrnfr[kwfa-umif; twdtvif; a-unmxm;awmfrl.?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vGefavjyD;aom tjypfwdk‹udk cGifhv$wfawmfrlcJhjyD;jzpf.? odk‹&mwGif
rnfolrqdk xyfrHIjyKusifhygrl/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdkoltm; vufpm;acsawmfrltHh?
trSefaomfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf wefcdk;tmEkabmfjzifh v$rf;rdk;awmfrlaomt&Sif/ vuf
pm;acsawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrlayownf;? (pl&mtvfrmath'[f 5;95)
(tdk=eADwrefawmf)toifonf r,kHr-unfaoGznfjiif;y,faomolwdk‹tm; (Todk‹)ajym-um;
ygav? ‚if;wdk‹onf tu,fIom (r,kHr-unfaoGznfjiif;y,fjcif;rS) &yfpJ-uygrl/ vGefav
jyD;aom jypfr+'kp&dkufwdk‹onf ‚if;wdk‹tzdk‹cGifhv$wfjyD;jzpfacsrnf? odk‹&mwGif tu,fIom ‚if;
wdk‹onf xyfrHIjyKvkyf-uygv#if/ {uefrvGJ a&S;ola[mif;wdk‹ESifhywfoufaom (igt&Sif
jrwf.)pnf;urf;Oya'onfvnf; vGefcJhjyD;jzpfacsownf;? (pl&mtvftifzgvf 8;38)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu t±Sifjrwf.omoemwGif av#mhayghvdkufavsmr+ t-uD;tus,f
ay;xm;jyD;jzpfa-umif; ,kHrSm;oHo, jzpfp&mta-umif; r&SdEdkifawmhacs?

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf qkawmif;jcif;tm;vkH;udk ajz-um;jznfhpGrf;

awmfrlI/ vlwdkif;ESifhvnf; tvGefw&meD;uyfpGm &Sdawmfrl.?
bmomomoemESifh a0;uGmaomtodkif;t0dkif;rsm;wGif tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfodk‹
qkawmif;yef-um;jcif;onf t,lonf;r+ESifhrSm;,Gif;aomt,ltqrsm;ESifhjynfheufvsuf
±+wfaxG;ayGvDvSayonf? tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfodk‹ qkawmif;ywˆemjyKEdkifaomtcsdef
rsm;udk rdrdwdk‹taejzifh tcsdefra±G;qkawmif;Edkifaomfvnf;/ oD;jcm;owfrSwfxm;-u.? odk‹r
[kwf olwdk‹ESifhtv†m[ft&Sifjrwft-um;Y udk,fpm;vS,fxm;avh&Sd-u.? xdkuJhodk‹aom rSm;
,Gif;onfh t,ltqrsm;ESifhywfoufI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu owday;xm;awmfrlavonf?
owdjyK-uavukef? oef‹oef‹jzpfaomqnf;uyfudk;uG,fr+onf tv†m[ft&SifjrwfESifhom
oufqdkif.? odk‹&mwGif t-uifolwdk‹onf xdkt&Sifjrwftjyif tjcm;umuG,fapmifha&Smufol
rsm; jyKvkyfcJh-ujyD;v#if ‚if;wdk‹onf u|Ekfyfwdk‹tm; tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfyg;odk‹ eD;uyf
ap-u&efomv#if u|Ekfyfwdk‹onf ‚if;wdk‹tm; qnf;uyfudk;uG,f-uonf([k qdk-uukef.)?

36
{uefpifppf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf(ud,mrwfae‹wGif) ‚if;wdk‹tcsif;csif;ESifhpyfvsOf;I ‚if;
wdk‹t-um;0,f pD&ifqkH;jzwfawmfrlayrnf? pifppf{uef tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rkom0g
'Djzpfol vGefpGmaus;Zl;uef;oltm; w&m;vrf;rSefodk‹ ydk‹ay;awmfrlrnf r[kwfay?
(pl&m tvfZlr&f 39;3)
tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfodk‹ 'dktmqkawmif;yef-um;&mY -um;yk*~dKvfwpfOD;OD;vdktyf
onf[k ajymolonf bmoma&;usifhpOfrsm;onf cufcJaomt&mjzpfonf[k vlwdk‹udk wpf
ywf&dkuft,kHoGif;jcif;omjzpfayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf
tm,wfawmf 50;16 wGif tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfu Todk‹rdef‹qdkxm;awmfrl.? “xdkrSwyg; {
uefrvGJ igt&Sifjrwfonf rEk\vlom;tm; zefqif;awmfrlcJh.? xdk‹jyif igt&Sifjrwfonf
‚if;Y ‚if;.pdwfu rodromay:aygufapaomt&mudkvnf; odawmfrl.? pifppfaomfum;
igt&Sifjrwfonf ‚if;.vnfacsmif;aoG;a-umxufyif ‚if;ESifhydkrdkeD;uyfpGm&Sdaeawmfrl.?”
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwdkif;xufu|Ekfyfwdk‹ESifhydkrdkeD;uyfpGm&Sd.? xdk‹a-umifht&Sifjrwf.
tapmifha&SmufcHtaxmufyHhcHolonf t&SifjrwfxHawmfodk‹ rdrdvdktyfonfudk tcsdefra&G;
'dktmawmif;qdk yef-um;EdkifcGifh&Sdayonf?
yk*~dKvfwdkif;onf xdkodk‹yef-um;&eftwGuf oD;jcm;tcsdefudk apmifhqdkif;ae&efrvdktyf
acs? xdkolonf tcsdefra&G;ae&mra&G; tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfyg;odk‹ 'dktmawmif;yef-um;
EdkifcGifh&Sdayonf? odk‹r[kwfygu rdrdtwGuf rrSefruefvkyfZmwfvkyf-uHzefwD;ayvdrfhrnf?
ae&mwae&modk‹c&D;oGm;vmaepOfjzpfap/ avScg;wufvSrf;aepOfjzpfap/ aps;0,faepOfjzpf
ap/ wDAD&kyfjrifoH-um;-unfh±+aepOfjzpfap/ wpfOD;wpfa,mufudk apmifhqdkif;aepOfjzpfap/ n
pm pm;yGJcif;-uif;jyifqifaepOfjzpfap/ "gwfavScg;pD;aepOfjzpfap/ tdyf,m0ifcsdefjzpfap/ eH
eufpmpm;aecsdefjzpfap/ um;armif;aepOfjzpfap/ tcsdefra&G;'dktmawmif;yef-um;EdkifcGifh &Sd.?
wpfckckudkpOf;pm;onfhtcsdefavmufESifhyif xdkuJhodk‹'dktmqkawmif;jcif;twGuf vkHavmufae
ayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdkol'dktmqkawmif;jcif;rjyKrD xdkol.0rf;wGif;&ifwGif;Y
&SdaepOftwGif;wGifyif odESifhjyD;jzpfayonf?
xdk‹a-umifh tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfodk‹ 'dktmawmif; yef-um;jcif;udk t&Sifjrwfu
-um;odawmfrlI jznfhpGrf;ay;rnfjzpfayonf? rdrdtvdk&Sd&mudpPt00twGuf t&Sifjrwfbuf
odk‹ vSnfhvmI awmif;yefwdk;±d+;olwdk‹twGuf t&m&mY vG,fulr+&Sdatmif jznfhpGrf;ay;rnf[k
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif az:jyxm;ayonf?
xdkt&Sifjrwfonf rdrdtm; rv$Jra&Smifomaomol ('kuQonf)u [pfac:wrf;wavaomt
cg ‚if;tm;jyefI xl;awmfrl.? ‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf ab;'kuQudkvnf; z,f±Sm;awmfrl
.? xdkrSwyg; xdkt&Sifjrwfonf urBmajrY toifwdk‹tm; udk,fpm;vS,frsm; jyKvkyfawmfrl
.? tv†m[ft&SifjrwfESifhtwl tjcm;qnf;uyfudk;uG,f&m[lI &Sdygao;oavm? toifwdk‹
onf tenf;i,fr#omv#if pOf;pm;-uukefownf;? (pl&m tvfervf 27;62)
TuJhodk‹aom tqkH;r&SdonfhtcGifhta&;rsm;ay;xm;jcif;onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.
tqkH;r&Sdaom-uifemw&m;r[mu&k%mawmfudk jyqdkxm;jcif;yif jzpfayonf? tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwfonf vlom;wdk‹ESifh eD;uyfpGm&Sdjcif;/ t&SifjrwfxHodk‹ csOf;uyfolwdk‹udk apmifh
a&Smufawmfrlrnfhta-umif;ESifh t&SifjrwfxHodk‹ 'dktmqkawmif;csufrsm;udk xl;awmfrlrnf

37
jzpfa-umif;/ ponfwdk‹udk uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmftajrmuftjrm;wGif jyqdk
xm;ayonf? xdktm,wfawmfrsm;teuf atmufygtm,wftydk'fwGif Todk‹qdkxm;.?
xdk‹jyifw0 igt&Sifjrwf.u|efrsm;onf igt&SifjrwfESifhywfoufI toifhxH ar;jref;-u
aomtcg0,f rkcs{uef igt&Sifjrwfonf eD;uyfpGmyif &Sdawmfrl.? igt&Sifjrwfonf qk
awmif;ywˆemjyKcsufudk oabmwlvufcHawmfrl.? odk‹jzpfav&m ,if;olwdk‹onf igt&Sif
jrwf.trdef‹awmfrsm;udk vufcHem,lI igt&Sifjrwfudkom ,kH-unfjrwfEdk;-u&rnf? odk‹rS
omv#if ,if;olwdk‹onf ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom w&m;vrf;udk &&Sd-uolrsm;jzpfwef&m.?
(pl&m tvfbuU&m[f 2;186)
rGwfpvifrfwdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.-uifemw&m;r[mu&k%mawmfESifh xdkt
&Sifjrwfu ay;oem;awmfrlaom aumif;csD;r*Fvmtjzmjzmudk pOf;pm;qifjcif atmufarho
wd&-uI/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu oabmwlaomenf;vrf;twdkif; jyefvnfaexdkif-u&ef oifh
ayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf t&mcyfodrf;.ydkif&SifjzpfawmfrlI
vlwdk‹. vdktifqENtm;vkH;udk jznfhwif;ay;rnf[k *wday;xm;jyD;jzpfaoma-umifhwnf;? xdk‹
tjyif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf t±Sifjrwf.*wdopPmudk b,faomtcgr# zsufonf[lIr&Sd
ay?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf
wwfEdkifpGrf;onfxufydkaom 0efxkyf0efydk;udk ray;acs?
TurBmavmu rsufarSmuftcsdefY awG‹-uHK&onfhtajctaewdkif;onf/ tvGefcufcJ
aomtajctaeyifjzpfvifhupm; xdkolcHEdkifpGrf;aomtwdkif;twmtwGif;Yomv#if &Sday
onf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu vlom;wdk‹udk zefqif;xm;I xdkvlom;udk0dnmOfoGif;ay;xm;
.? xdk‹a-umifh xdkvlom;onf rnfr#-uD;rm;av;vHaom '%fudkcHEdkif&nf&Sdonfudk tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwfu aumif;pGmod&SdjyD;jzpf.?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf. pGrf;&nfxufydkaom wm0efudk
ray;a-umif;ESifh rnfolur# rw&m;jyKusifhjcif;udk cH&rnfr[kwf[k uk&ftmefusrf; awmf
jrwf tm,wftydk'ftajrmuftjrm;wGif az:jyxm;ayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufr# xdkol. pGrf;tm;xufydkI wm0efay;
awmfrrlacs? rdrdudk,fwdkif &SmazGqnf;yl;jyKvkyfcJhaom (aumif;r+.tusKd;onf)omv#if xdk
ol.tbdk‹jzpfI/ rdrdudk,fwdkif &SmazGqnf;yl;jyKusifhaom (raumif;r+.tjypfonf)omv#if
xdkol. tay:Ywif±SdtHh? (pl&mtvfbuU&m[f 2;286)
xdk‹tjyif t-uifolwdk‹onf ouf0if,kH-unf-u.? ‚if;jyif aumif;jrwfaom tusifhoDv
rsm;udkvnf; aqmufwnf-uukef.? igt&Sifjrwfonf rnfol‹udkrqdk ‚if;.tiftm;ESifh
tr#omv#if wm0efay;awmfrl.? xdkolwdk‹onfyifv#if *sEMwftrw okcbHkom;rsm;jzpf-u
ukef.? xdkolwdk‹onf ,if;*sEMwftrw okcbkHYyif xm0pOf aexdkifpHjref;-uvwWHŒ?
(pl&mtvfttf&mzf 7;42)

38
 vlwpfOD;csif; awG‹-uHKaqmif&Guf&rnfhudpPrsm;onfvnf; uGJjym;jcm;em;-urnfom
jzpfayonf? vltajrmuftjrm;udk qif;&JEGrf;yg;jcif;jzifh onf;cHr+rnfr#±Sdonfudk prf;oyf
a-umif; awGŒ&Sd&ayonf? tcsdKŒvlwdk‹udkrlum; OpPm"eayg-uG,f0apI xdkolwdk‹wGif tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwftm;rnfr# aus;Zl;wifwwfonf/ Tavmuudk avmbw-uD;wG,fwmr+rnfr#&Sd
onf/ ponfjzifhprf;oyfayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; qif;&JolESifh csrf;om-uG,f0olESpfrsdK;pvkH;
wdk‹onf olwdk‹ESifh xdkufoifhaomtaumif;qkH;b0jzifh touf&Sif-u&jcif;jzpfayonf? qif;
&JEGrf;yg;olonf rnfr#yifcsdKŒwJhapumrl/ xdkol‹twGuf b0&Sifaea&;twGuf pGrf;aqmifEdkif
jcif;&Sdaernfomjzpfonf? OpPm"ecsrf;om-uG,f0olonfvnf; ol."eypPnf;rsm;u xdkol
udk aus;Zl;uef;onfhyk*~dKvftjzpf ysufjym;oGm;apjcif;r&Sday? aemufqkH; w&m;pD&ifrnfhau
,mrwfae‹ESifhywfoufI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudka-umuf &GŒH&dk-udK;jcif;u xdkolwdk‹udk uk&ftmef
usrf;awmfjrwfwGif jyqdkxm;aom bmomomoemu csrSwfxm;aom udk,fusifhw&m;rsm;
twdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;aexdkif-uvdrfhrnf? xdkuJhodk‹aom yk*~dKvfrsm;onf rdrdjyKvkyfor#ESifh
awG‹-uHKonfhudpPt00wdk‹wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudkomv#if tm;udk;tm;xm;jyK-uayrnf?
xdkolwdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tultnDESifh oabmwlnDcsufudk &,l&efomv#if -udK;
pm;-uayrnf? olwdk‹tm; prf;oyfaomudpPwdk‹onf tvGefyifcufcJaomfjim;vnf; pdwfysuf
oGm;jcif;/ bmomomoemrS a0;uGmoGm;jcif; r&Sd-uacs? tv†m[ft&SifjrwfwGif rdrdudk,fudk
vkH;0ykHtyfI ,kH-unfolwdk‹onf/ ‚if;wdk‹twGuf tvGefw&mcufcJaomtr+udpPrsm;wGifyif
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. -uifemoem;jcif;*&k%mawmfa-umifh vG,fulpGm ausmfvGefjyD;ajrmuf
Edkif-uavonf? Tta-umif;ESifhywfoufI pl&mtvfumzf (18;88)wGif &Sif;jyxm;ay
onf? “odk‹&mwGif rnfolrqdk ouf0if,kH-unfI aumif;jrwfaomtusifhoDvrsm;udk usifhrl
aqmufwnfcJhygrl xdkol.tzdk‹ tusKd;tm;jzifh taumif;qkH;aomt&myif &Sdayrnf? xdkrSw
yg; trSefyifu|Ekfyfonfvnf; rdrdtrdef‹xkwfjyefcsufwGif El;nhHaompum;udk ajymqdkaytHho
wnf;?” TrSefuefcsufudk tjcm;tm,wfawmfrsm;wGif xyfrHjyqdkxm;avonf?
odk‹jzpfay&m rnfodk‹yifjzpfap/ t-uifolonf ay;urf;vSL'gef;av.? ‚if;jyif (tv†m[ft
&Sifjrwftm;) a-umuf&GHŒav.? xdkrSwyg; xkdolonf aumif;jrwfaomt&mudk [kwfrSef
onf[k ,kH-unfvufcHav.? odk‹jzpfv#if r-umrDyif igt&Sifjrwfonf xdkoltm; vG,ful
r+odk‹ ydk‹ay;awmfrlonf? (pl&m tvfvdkif;vf 92;5=7)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk r,kHr-unfolwdk‹onf vG,fulaomtr+udpPudkyif cufcJonf
[k xif-u.? ‚if;wdk‹. aus;Zl;uef;jcif;/ omoemudk jiif;y,fjcif;/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmf
jrwf&Sd udk,fusifhw&m;rsm;ESifh a0;uGmjcif;/ ponfwdk‹a-umifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdkol
wdk‹udk TurBmavmuwGif ydkrdkcufcJjcif;rsm;jzpfap.?
odk‹&mwGif rnfodk‹yifjzpfap/ t-uifolonf (ay;urf;vª'gef;jcif;rjyKbJ) ap;eJ.? ‚if;jyif
xdkolonf (rdrdudk,fudk) vdkvm;awmifhwjcif;uif;rJhonf[k xifrSwfav.? xdkrSwyg; xdk
olonf aumif;jrwfomt&mudk r[kwfrrSef[k jiif;qdk.? odk‹jzpfv#if r-umrDyif igt&Sif
jrwfonf xdkoltm; cufcJr+odk‹ ydk‹ay;awmfrlrnf? ‚if;jyif xdkolonf wGif;xJodk‹usaomtcg
‚if;.ypPnf;OpPmonf ‚if;.tzdk‹ tokH;0ifvdrfhrnf r[kwfaywum;? {uefrvGJ w&m;vrf;
n$efjyjcif;onf igt&Sifjrwf.wm0efyif jzpf.? (pl&m tvfvdkif;vf 92; 8=12)

39
 tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf cufcJr+wdkif;twGuf vG,fulr+udk
ay;oem;awmfrl.?
TurBmavmuwGif vlwdk‹tm;prf;oyf&mwGif tcuftcJwdkif;twGuf vG,fulr+udk
vnf; zefwD;xm;awmfrla-umif; owif;aumif;ay;xm;awmfrl.? atmufygtm,wfawmf
wGif ,if;r*Fvmowif;udk ay;xm;ayonf?
odk‹jzpfay&m {uefrvGJ cufcJr+ESifhtwl vG,fulr+onf ('GefwGJvsufyif) &Sd.? cufcJr+ESifht
wl vG,fulr+onf {ueftrSef ('GefwGJvsufyif) ±Sd.? (pl&mtvftifef&Sd&m[f 94;5=6)
wrefawmfjrwf(qG)ESifh bmoma&;udkif;±+dif;olwdk‹.b0ta-umif;udk uk&ftmefusrf;
awmfjrwfwGifygonfhtwdkif; -unfhrnfqdkv#if/ olwdk‹-uHKawG‹cJh-u&onfh tvGefcufcJrnf[k
xif&aomtajctaewdkif;wGif/ tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfu vG,fulr+udk zefwD;ay;awmfrl.?
“odrf;ydkufpdk;rdk;awmfrlaomt&Sif” [laomtv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. *k%fawmft& vlwdk‹. b0
vrf;a-umif;tm;vkH;udk zGifhay;xm;awmfrlI vG,fulatmifvnf; jyKjyifay;awmfrl.?
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. emrHawmftwGif;Y &kef;uefae-u
&mwGif cufcJr+rsm;&Sdojzifh rdrdwdk‹. tdrf,mrsm;udk ypfxm;um tjcm;ae&modk‹ [pf*sf&wf
jyKa&$Œajymif;oGm;olwdk‹ESifhywfoufI Oyrmtjzpfjyxm;onf? xdkyk*~dKvfwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.t
vkyftudkif/ tdrf,m/ jcHajrESifh OpPmypPnf;rsm;udk ypfxm;I olwdk‹bmrSrodaomae&m@meodk‹
OD;wnfxGufoGm;cJh-uonf? u|Ekfyfwdk‹jyifyrS-unfhv#if xdktajctaeonftvGefcufcJvS.?
odk‹aomfvnf; xdk[pf*sf&wfjyKolrGwfpvifrfwdk‹. tajctaeudk vG,fulapcJhjcif;jzifh aumif;
csD;ay;awmfrlcJha-umif; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf pl&mtefeDqmwGif jy
qdkxm;ayonf?
‚if;jyif t-uifolonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.vrf;awmfY ‘[pf*sf&wf’wae&mrSwae&modk‹
a&$Œajymif;jcif;udkjyKtHh/ xdkolonf urBmajrjyif0,f (cdkvH+&m) ae&mrsm;pGmudkvnf;aumif;/
us,f0ef;aom (vGwfvyf)r+udkvnf;aumif;/ awG‹&SdaytHh? pifppfaomfum; rnfolrqdk
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf (ESpfoufawmfrlaomae&m)udk &nfpl;I‚if;/ xdkt&Sifjrwf. &plvfwref
awmfjrwf(tm;ulnDjcif;)udk &nfpl;I‚if;/ rdrdtdrfrS ‘rk[m*spf&f’wae&mrS wae&modk‹ a&$Œ
ajymif;oltjzpf xGufcJhjyD;aemuf (vrf;c&D;Yyif) xdkolY ‘r&%’aojcif;w&m;qdkufa&muf
vm(ojzifh aoqkH;)cJhrl/ rkcs{uef xdkol.tusdK;onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftay:Y twnfjzpf
acsjyD? (pl&mtefeDqmtf 4;100)
xdkuJhodk‹ uwdjyKonfhtwdkif;/ wrefawmfjrwf.acwf&Sd rGwfpvifrfwdk‹udk oufaocH
tjzpf ulnDrpcJhawmfrl.? avmuDpnf;pdrfOpPmypPnf;rsm;udk tav;rxm;bJ tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwf.vrf;awmfY udk,fusKd;pGef‹cJh-uol wrefawmfjrwf(qG).om0ursm;udk tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwfu taumif;qkH;tajctaejzpfatmif zefwD;ay;awmfrlcJhavonf? xdkolwdk‹. vkyfudkif
pm;aomufr+tajctaeudk/ tjcm;olwdk‹.vkyfudkifpm;aomufr+xuf ydkrdkoufomaumif;rGef
apcJhawmfrlayonf? xdkuJhodk‹ qG[mb[fom0ursm;u vufcH&&Sdaomaumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;
ESifhywfoufI uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif az:jyxm;ayonf?

40
wzef toifwdk‹onf jyefvnfI owd&-uavukef? w&Ha&mtcg0,f toifwdk‹onf (ta&
twGuftm;jzifh) tenf;i,fr#om&Sd-uukef.? wdkif;jynfwGif tiftm;enf;yg;olrsm;vnf;
jzpf-uukef.? (odk‹jzpfay&m) toifwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹tm; olwyg;wdk‹u &kwfw&uftm;jzifh
(jyKwfjyKef;atmif) vk,ufwdkufcdkufowfjzwf-urnfudk pdk;&drfvsuf&Sd-uukef.? xdk‹aemuf
xdk(tv†m[f)t&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹aus;Zl;awmfudk odwwf-utHhaomiSm toifwdk‹tm; cdk
udk;&efae&mcsay;awmfrlcJhavonf? ‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹tm; rdrd.tult
nDjzifh tiftm;vnf;jznfhI ay;awmfrlcJhavonf? xdkrSwyg; toifwdk‹tm;oef‹&Sif;pif-u,f
aom&duQmrsm;udkvnf; csD;jr‡ifhay;oem;awmfrlcJhavownf;? (pl&mtvftefzgvf 8;26)
rGwfpvifrfwdk‹.b0udk vG,fuloufomapjcif;&Sda-umif;od&Sd&ef tjcm;wrefawmf
rsm;. b0tawG‹t-uHKrsm;onfvnf; Oyrmaumif;rsm;jzpfayonf?
Oyrm/ wrefawmf,lqGzf(tvdkifa[hqvmrf).b0c&D;wpfckvkH;wGif awG‹-uHK&onfh
tcuftcJrsm;udk oufomajyaysmufapaom tjzpftysufrsm;udk -unhf-uygpdk‹? wrefawmf
,lqGzf(t)udk ol.tpfudkrsm;u a&wGif;xJodk‹ ypfcsxm;onfudk c&D;oGm;olrsm;u awG‹&SdcJh
onf? xdkc&D;oGm;ukefonfrsm;uvnf; ,lqGzf(t)udk 0ef-uD;wpfyg;xHodk‹ u|eftjzpfa&mif;
cscJhonf? r-umrDtwGif;ol‹tm; tjypfrvkyfrdaomfvnf; tjypfwpfckusL;vGefonf[k pGyfpGJcH
&jyD; axmifcscH&avonf? yxrydkif;wGif ,lqGzf(t).b0onf tvGefcufcJonf[k xif
rSwf&ayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; udk,fusifhw&m;ESifhjynfhpkHjcif;ESifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk aus;Zl;
wifwwfjcif;twGuf xdkcufcJr+rsm;udk vG,fuloufomapcJh.? r-umrDtwGif; bk&ifhb¾m
awmfxdef;0ef-uD;tjzpf cef‹tyfjcif;cH&avonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ wrefawmfrlqm(t) awG‹-uHKcJh&aomtcuftcJrsm;udk ajy
aysmufapouJhodk‹ tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfudk ouf0if,kH-unfolrsm;tm; ulnDaxmufyHhawmf
rl.? wrefawmfrlqm(t)onf/ urBmavmuwGif tqdk;oGrf;qkH;yk*~dKvfwpfOD;jzpfol az±dk;bk
&if(zpf&fatmifef)ESifh &ifqdkifcJh&mwGif/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. tultnDjzifh tay:pD;&cJhav
onf? wrefawmfrlqm(t)onf/ ol.nDjzpfol [m±Geftm; tultnDay;olwrefawmf
wpfyg;tjzpf xyfrHcef‹tyfay;awmfrl&ef 'dktmqkawmif;onfhtcg/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu
vnf; oabmwlawmfrlcJhavonf? xdk‹tjyif/ tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf wrefawmfrlqm(t)
tm;/ xl;qef;tHh-ozG,faumif;aom pGrf;yum;rsm;ay;I/ ,if;az±dk;bk&if. arSmfq&mrsm;udk
tEdkif&apcJhavonf? wrefawmfrlqm(t)onf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. prf;oyfr+t& tcuf
cJqkH;jy\emudk -uHKawG‹ae&onfhtcsdefwGifyif/ t&Sifjrwf.tultnDonf rGwfpvifrfwdk‹
ESifhtwl tpOftjrJ&Sdaeonfhtcsufudk rarhcJhacs? yifv,feDodk‹ vltkyf-uD;ESifhtwl xGufajy;
vmcJhpOfu/ az±dk;.ppfwyfu olwdk‹udktrSDvdkufvmonfhtcsdefwGif/ ol.taygif;yg
om0ursm;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tultnDonf/ olwdk‹ESifhtwl tpOftjrJ&Sdaea-umif;/
wpfenf;enf;jzifh vGwfajrmufvdrfhrnfjzpfa-umif;/ owday;cJhavonf?
(xdktcg)rlqmu tv#if;(tzrf;cH-u&rnf)r[kwf/ rvGJ{uef ightm;zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrl
aom t&Sifjrwfonf igESifhtwl &Sdawmfrlay&m/ ,ckyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf ightm;(yifv,frS
xGufEdkif&ef )vrf;n$efawmfrlrnf[k jyef-um;cJhav.?

41
xdktcg igt&Sifjrwfonf rlpm.xHodk‹ ‘toifonf rdrdawmifa0S;jzifh yifv,fudk &dkufcwf
ygav’[k trdef‹awmf xkwfjyefawmfrlcJh.? odk‹jzpfay&m (rlpmonf trdef‹twdkif; &dkufcwf
avaomf) xdkyifv,frSm uGJIoGm;jyD;v#if a&.tpktykHtoD;oD;wdk‹rSm -uD;rm;vSpGmaom
awmif-uD;rsm;yrm jzpfoGm;cJh-uav.?
‚if;jyif igt&Sifjrwfonf tjcm;tkyfpk(jzpfaom zpf&fatmifefESifh ‚if;.tajcGt&Hwdk‹)udk
vnf; xdkae&modk‹ ydk‹awmfrlcJh.?
xdkrSwyg; igt&Sifjrwfonf rlpmtm;vnf;aumif;/ xdkrlpm.taygif;ygwdk‹tm;vnf;
aumif;/ tm;vkH;udkyif u,fwifawmfrlcJh.?
xdk‹aemuf igt&Sifjrwfonf tjcm;tkyfpk(jzpfaom zpf&fatmifefESifh ‚if;.tajcGt&Hwdk‹)udk
(yifv,feDwGif) ESpfjr‡KyfawmfrlcJh.? pl&mtvf±+t&m26;62=66
wrefawmfjrwf rdk[rR'f(qG)udk,fawmfjrwfu tjcm;rGwfpvifrfwpfOD;ESifhtwlwuG
xGufajy;pOf umzd&frsm;u wrefawmfjrwfudk owfjzwf&ef aemufrSvdkufvmcJh-u&m
*lwpfckwGif;Y 0ifa&mufykef;atmif;aecJh-u.? wrefawmfjrwfudk ulnDoljzpfojzifh tv†m[f
t&SifjrwfxHrS tcuftcJudkvG,fuloGm;atmif ulnDapmifrcJhavonf? Ttjzpftysuf
onfvnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf cufcJr+udk vG,fulapjcif;om"uwpfckjzpfayonf?
tu,fItoifwdk‹onf xdk(eADwrefawmf)tm; rulnDr,dkif;yif;-uygv#if rkcs{ueftv†m
[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ xdkeADwrefawmfudk “umzd&f”r,kHr-unfaoGznfjiif;y,folrsm;u ‚if;
tm; ESifxkwf-upOf ‚if;(eADwrefawmf)onf ESpfa,mufteuf 'kwd,jzpfcJhpOf ‚if;wdk‹ESpfOD;
*lxJY&Sdae-upOf xdkwrefawmfu rdrdtaz:tm; “toifrylygavESifh/ rkcs{uef tv†m[ft
&Sifjrwfonf igwdk‹ESifhtwl&Sdawmfrlonf”[k ajymqdkI&SdaepOf ulnDrdkif;rawmfrlcJhavonf?
(pl&mtwfawm0fbm 9;40)
trSefrSm/ tjzpftysufwdkif;.twGif;oabmudk eufeufeJeJawG;awmqifjcif-unfhyg
u/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vl‹b0wav#mufvkH;wGif tcsdefor,wdkif;twGuf pDrHuGyfuJr+
&Sdaea-umif;udk odEdkifayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk a-umuf&GHŒolrsm;/ rdrd
udk,fudk xdkt&SifjrwfY ykHtyfxm;olrsm;/ rnfonfhtcgrqdk tcuftcJrsm;udk-uHKawG‹&wdkif;
xdktcuftcJ[lor#onf rdrd.uH-urRmomv#ifjzpfonf[k owdw&m;&Sdolyk*~dKvf/ tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwfomv#if rdrdudk ulnDapmifrEdkifaom teD;qkH;rdwfaqGo*F[jzpfI rdrdudkapmifh
a&Smufaeaomt±Sifjzpfa-umif;udk od&SdvufcHolwdk‹onfomv#if/ TtrSefw&m;udk od&SdEdkif
ayonf? xdkuJhodk‹aomyk*~dKvfrsm;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu xdkolwdk‹rar#mfvifhbJESifh olwdk‹.
tcuftcJrsm;udk vG,fulr+&Sdaprnfjzpfa-umif;/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif rdef‹qdkxm;ay
onf?
===xdkonfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftm;vnf;aumif;/ aemufqkH;ae‹udkvnf;aumif;/ ouf
0if,kH-unfaomoltm; qkH;r-o0g'ay;jcif;yifjzpf.? pifppfaomfum; rnfolrqdk tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwftm; a-umuf&GHŒonf&Sdaomf xdkt&Sifjrwfonf xdkolwdk‹.tzdk‹ xGufajrmuf&menf;
vrf;udk jyKvkyfIay;oem;awmfrlayrnf?

42
xdkrSwyg; xdkt&Sifjrwfonf xdkoltm; xdkolrxifaomae&mrS pm;eyf&duQmudk csD;jr‡ihfay;o
em;awmfrlayrnf? xdkrSwyg; rnfolrqdk tv†mt&Sifjrwftay:Y ,kH-unftm;xm;ygrl xdkt
&Sifjrwfonf xdkol.tzdk‹ vkHavmufawmfrl.? {uefrvGJ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf t&mcyf
odrf;wdk‹ESifhpyfvsOf;I twdkif;twmtcsdeftqwpfckudk jyKvkyfIxm;&Sdawmfrlayownf;?
(pl&mtvfwGvmuf 65;2=3)
-uG,f0csrf;omaomolonf rdrd-uG,f0r+ESifhavsmfnDpGm okH;pGJ&ayrnf? odk‹&mwGif pD;yGm;OpPm
usyfwnf;aomolrsm;rSmrlum; rdrdtm; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf csD;jr‡ifhay;oem;awmfrlor# (OpPm
ypPnf;)teufrS okH;pGJ&ayrnf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufudkr#yif rd
rdcsD;jr‡ifhay;oem;awmfrlonfxufydkI wm0efay;onfr[kwfay? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf
usyfwnf;r+.aemufwGif r-umjrifhrDyif acsmifvnfr+udk zefwD;I ay;oem;awmfrltHo
wnf;? (pl&mtvfwGvmuf 65;7)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmfrsm;wGif rdef‹qdkxm;
ouJhodk‹ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. trdef‹awmfrsm;udk pdwfapwemoef‹oef‹jzifh vdkufemolwdk‹t
wGuf udpPt00udk vG,fulapayonf? Ttcsufudk ,kH-unfolwdk‹onfvnf; tcuftcJESifh
-uHKawGŒ-u&aomtcg tm;enf;aysmhnHhaomrsufESmrsm;udk rjy-uacs?
pl&mtvftif&SD&[fwGif/ 'kuQqif;&J tcuftcJwdkif;twGuf vG,fulr+ESifh at;csrf;
om,mr+ &Sda-umif;/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfomv#if vlwdk‹.0efxkyf0efydk;rsm;udk ayghyg;ap
a-umif; jyqdkxm;.?
(tdk=eADwrefawmf)igt&Sifjrwfonf toif.&ifudk zGifhay;awmfrlcJhonfr[kwfavm? ‚if;
jyif igt&Sifjrwfonf toif.tay:rS toif.0efxkyfudk csay;awmfrlcJhonf? xdk0efxkyf
onf toif.ausmudk udkif;nGwfapcJh.? xdkrSwyg; igt&Sifjrwfonf toif. *k%f
owif;udk ausmf-um;apawmfrlonf? odk‹jzpfay&m {uefrvGJ cufcJr+ESifhtwl vG,fulr+onf
&Sd.? cufcJr+ESifhtwl vG,fulr+onf {ueftrSef('GefwGJvsuf)&Sd.? (pl&mtifef&Sd&m[f
94;1=6)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ rktfrifef,kH-unfolwdk‹tm; olwdk‹rod&bJ
tuG,frSaeI ulnDaxmufyhHvsuf&Sd.?
TurBmavmu-uD;udk/ vlwdk‹u tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftm; rnfr#,kH-unfa-umif; od&Sd
&eftwGuf zefqif;xm;jcif;jzpfa-umif; tpydkif;wGif az:jycJhjyD;jzpfonf? Tprf;oyfonfh
,ifjyif-uD;udk jyifyrSaeI -unfhygu/ aumif;r+ukodkvfjyKolwdk‹ESifh raumif;r+'kp&dkufusL;
vGefolwdk‹onf/ tqifhtwef;csif; wef;wljzifh aexdkif-uonf[k jrif&ayrnf?
odk‹aomfvnf;/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ,kH-unfolwdk‹.b0ESifh xdkt&Sifjrwfudk r,kHr
-unfolwdk‹. aexdkifykHb0onf tvGefuGmjcm;vsuf&Sdayonf? txufuqdkcJhonfhtwdkif;/
tv†m[ft&SifjrwfwGif tDrmef,l,kH-unfolwdk‹twGuf t&m&mY vG,fulr+&Sdaponf? trSef
wu,fcufcJ'kuQa&mufaomtajctaersm;wGifyif vGwfajrmuf&mvrf;rsm;udk ay;xm;awmf
rl.? Tonfum; tv†m[ft±SifjrwfxHawmfrSvmaom tultnDyifjzpfayonf?

43
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ t&Sifjrwf.aus;u|efawmfrsm;. cufcJr+rsm;udk olwdk‹awG;xifEdkif
jcif;r&Sdonfh enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh vG,fulaprnf[k owif;aumif;ay;xm;awmfrl.? uk&ftmef
usrf;awmfjrwfwGif jyqdkxm;aom ulnDaxmufyHhr+enf;vrf;rsm;teuf tcsdKŒudk acgif;pOf
i,frsm;atmufwGif az:jytyfygonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rktfrifefwdk‹xHodk‹
aumif;uifwrefrvmathu[fudk apv$wfI ulnDap.?
rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹xHodk‹ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tultnDay;&mwGif tcsdef
tcgae &ma'otvdkuf enf;trsKd;rsKd;uGJjym;jcm;em;ayonf? enf;wpfenf;rSm/ rktfrifefrsm;
tultnDvdktyfaeonfhtcsdefwGif rvmathu[faumif;uifwrefrsm;udk apv$wfI ulnD
ap.? TuJhodk‹tultnDay;jcif;ESifhywfoufI/ u|Efkyfwdk‹. wrefawmfjrwf(qG)oufawmf
xif&Sm;aepOftwGif; tjzpftysufwpfckjzifh oufaojyxm;awmfrla-umif; uk&ftmefusrf;
awmfjrwfwGif az:jyxm;rl.?
(tdk=eADwrefawmf) xdktcgtoifonf “rktfrifef”ouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹tm; Todk‹ajym
-um;vsuf&SdcJhavonf? toifwdk‹udk arG;jrLawmfrlaomt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹tm; (xdkt
&SifjrwftxHawmfrS) qif;oufapawmfrljcif;cH&avaom ‘rvmtdu[f’tyg;awmfapwref
okH;axmifjzifh ulnDapmifrawmfrljcif;onf toifwdk‹tbdk‹ rvkHavmufygavm? (pl&mtmavh
tDrf&mef 3;124=126)
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf&Sd tjcm;tm,wfawmfwpfydk'fwGif/ rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unf
olwdk‹ rsufpdjzifhrjrif&onfhppfonfawmfaygif; tajrmuftjrm;wdk‹jzifh ulnDapmifrawmfrl
a-umif; az:jyxm;ayonf?
tdk=rktfrifef ouf0if,kH-unfoltaygif;wdk‹/ toifwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹tay:Y tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwf (jyKawmfrlaom) aus;Zl;awmfudk jyefvnfowd&&Sd-uavukef? tcgwyg;Y toifwdk‹xH
odk‹ rsm;pGmaom ppfwyfrsm;onf (wdkufcdkuf&ef) csDwufvmcJh-uukef.? xdk‹aemuf igt&Sif
jrwfonf ppfwyfrsm;tay:Y avjyif;wckudkvnf;aumif;/ toifwdk‹ rjrif-u&aomppfwyf
rsm;udkvnf;aumif;/ apv$wfawmfrlcJh.? trSefaomfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹
jyKvkyfvsuf&SdcJh-uonfwdk‹udk aumif;pGm ±+jrifawmfrlaomt&Sifjrwfyif jzpfawmfrl.?
(pl&mtvft[fZmbf 33;9)
rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onf tpOfojzifh atmifjrifolrsm;jzpf-uvdrfhrnf [l
aom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfay;awmfrlaomowif;onf u|Ekfyfwdk‹rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf t
vGefw&ma-ueyfESpfodrfhapaom owif;aumif;yif jzpfayawmhonf? Tae&mwGif tcsufw
csufudk owdrl&efvdktyfayonf? ulnDaxmufyHhr+rSefor#onf tv†m[ft&SifjrwftxHawmf
rS vmjcif;jzpfI xdkt&Sifjrwfonf wefcdk;tm%mtmEkabmfESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaomt±Sif jzpf
awmfrl.? rktfrifefwdk‹onf/ atmifjrifr+rSefor#onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. vufxJwGif&Sd
a-umif;od-uayonf? rvmtdu[ftyg;awmfapwrefrsm;.tultnD&&Sdjcif;onf/ aumif;
rGefaomowif;jzpfa-umif;/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tultnDonfvnf; xdkrvmtdu[frsm;rS

44
wqifh ay;awmfrljcif;jzpfa-umif; arhavsmhxm;jcif;r&Sd-uacs? ,if;tjzpfrSefudk uk&ftmef
usrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmfwpfydk'fwGif xyfrHjyqdkxm;ayonf?
t-uiftcg0,f/ toifwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹tm;zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaomt&SifjrwftxHawmf
wGif ulnDapmifrawmfrl&efav#mufxm; yef-um;vsuf&Sd-uavonf? ‚if;aemuf xdkt&Sif
jrwfonf toifwdk‹tm; wyg;jyD;wyg; vm-urnfjzpfaom rvmtdu[faumif;uifwref
wpfaxmifjzifh ulnDapmifrawmfrlrnf[k jyef-um;awmfrlcJhavownf;?
pifppfaomfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdkuJhodk‹uwday;awmfrljcif;rSm toifwdk‹tzdk‹ 0rf;
ajrmufzG,f&mowif;tjzpfom vnf;aumif;/ toifwdk‹. pdwfESvkH;rsm;onf xdkowif;jzifh
ESpfodrfhjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;/ jyKawmfrlcJhavonf? trSefaomfum; atmifjrifr+onf tv†m[f
t&SifjrwftxHawmfrSomv#ifjzpf.? {uefrvGJ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf wefcdk;tmEkabmf
ESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaomt&Sif/ Om%ftajrmftjrifESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaomt&Sifjrwfyif jzpfawmfrl
ayownf;? (pl&mtvftefzgvf 8;9=10)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfrktfrifefwdk‹.ta&twGufudk
olwdk‹.&efolrsm; a&SŒwGif t&Sdxufydkrdkrsm;jym;onf[k jrifap.?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tvdkawmft& acwfwdkif;acwfwdkif;wGif rktfrifefwdk‹.ta&t
wGufonf r,kHr-unfolumzd&frsm;.ta&twGufxuf enf;yg;cJhavonf? odk‹aomfvnf;
atmifjrifr+onf rktfrifefwdk‹Yomv#if&SdI ta&twGufrsm;olwdk‹Y atmifjrifr+r&SdcJhacs? rktf
rifefwdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf ay;oem;awmfrlaomtodw&m; Om%ftajrmftjrifrsm;t
jyif pdwf"gwfwuf-uGr+rsm;jzifh r,kHr-unfolumzd&frsm;tay:wGif atmifEdkifcJh-uayonf?
xdk‹xufru tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu umzd&fwdk‹.tjrifwGif rktfrifefwdk‹.ta&twGufonf
tvGefrsm;jym;oa,mif jzpfapawmfrlojzifh aemufqkH;wGif umzd&frsm;.pdwfwGif tay:pD;cH
ae&onf[k xifapjyD; a-umuf&GHŒzG,faumif;onf[k jrifapcJhayonf?
r,kHr-unfolumzd&frsm;.tjrifwGif rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹.ppfonftif
tm;onf tvGefrsm;jym;onf[k xifrSwfapjcif;onftHhzG,ftrSefyifjzpfayonf? rktfrifef
wdk‹. pdwfwGifvnf; oufomr+&&Sdapavonf? Todk‹jzifh rktfrifefwdk‹udk atmifEdkifolrsm;
jzpfapavonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftvdk awmf&Sdonfhtcgwdkif;wGif rktfrifefwdk‹. tiftm;udk jznfh
wif;rsm;jym;apcJha-umif; wrefawmfjrwf(qG)tm; uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf&Sd tjcm;tm,wf
awmfrsm;wGif rdef‹awmfrlcJhayonf? rktfrifefwdk‹u onf;cHjcif;w&m;&SdI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf
wGif jrJjrHpGm,kH-unftm;udk;-uv#if olwdk‹. pGrf;yum;tiftm;udk -uD;rm;aprnfjzpfa-umif;
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu *wdu0wfjyKxm;ayonf?
tdk=eADwrefawmf/ toifonf ‘rktfrifef’ouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹tm; ppfrufjydKifqdkif wdkuf
cdkufjcif;iSm wdkufwGef;E+d;aqmfygav? tu,fI toifwdk‹teuf pGJjrJ-uHŒcdkif (pGmwdkufcdkuf
rnfh)ol ESpfq,f&Sd-uygrl/ ‚if;wdk‹onf (umzd&fwdk‹bufrS vl)ESpf&mudk EdSrfeif;Edkif-uukeftHh/
xdkenf;wlpGm tu,fI toifwdk‹teuf (-uHhcdkifpGmwdkufcdkufrnfhol) w&m&Sd-uv#if ‚if;wdk‹

45
onf umzd&faoGznfjiif;y,faomolwdk‹teufrS (vl)wpfaxmifudk EdSrfeif;Edkif-uygtHh? t
a-umif;rlum; ‚if;wdk‹onf em;rvnfaomolrsm; jzpf-uaoma-umifhyif?
,ckaomfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf (toifwdk‹.0efxkyfudk) toifwdk‹rS ayghyg;apawmfrl
cJhayjyD? ‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹Y tiftm;owWd enf;yg;onfudkvnf; od&Sdawmf
rlavjyD? odk‹jzpfay&m tu,fI toifwdk‹teuf pGJjrJ(pGmwdkufcdkufrnfh)ol wpf&m&Sd-uygv#if
‚if;wdk‹onf (&efolbufrSvl) ESpf&mudk ESdrfeif;Edkif-uayrnf? xdkenf;wlpGm tu,fI toif
wdk‹teuf wpfaxmif±SdcJhrl ‚if;wdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. trdef‹awmfESifh (&efolwdk‹bufrS
vl) ESpfaxmifudk ESdrfeif;Edkif-uayrnf? trSefpifppfaomfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf pGJjrJ
-uHŒcdkifolwdk‹ESifhtwl &Sdawmfrlacsownf;? (pl&mtvftefzgvf 8;65=66)
txufygtm,wfawmfrsm;wGif jyqdkxm;onfhtwdkif;/ wrefawmfjrwf(qG).vuf
xufwGif ppfjzpfaecsdeftwGif; rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹udk/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu ‚if;
wdk‹.ta&twGuftiftm;udk &efolrsm;u tvGefrsm;jym;onf[k xifa,mifxifrSm;jzpfapI
ulnD apmifrawmfrlcJhayonf? Tonfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ rktfrifefouf0if,kH
-unfolwdk‹twGuf/ tpOfulnDapmifrolrdwfaqGaumif;jzpfaoma-umifhwnf;? umzd&frsm;
.tiftm;ta&twGufonf rnfr#yif-uD;rm;aeapumrl/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfomv#if
tiftm;aygif;udk pdk;ydkifoljzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ “jzpfap”[k trdef‹ay;jcif;
jzifh t&mcyfodrf;wdk‹onf jzpfoGm;avonf? tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf. twdkif;twmr±SdtqkH;r&Sd
aomtiftm;pGrf;yum;wefcdk;awmfudk rSDcdktm;xm;I ,kH-unfr+tjynfht0&Sdolwdk‹onf/ tpOf
ojzifh pdwfvufcsrf;ompGm ESpfodrfha-ueyfaeEdkifayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ rktfrifefwdk‹.ESvkH;wGif;Y ,kH-unfr+ESifh
auseyf ESpfodrfhr+rsm;jzifh jynfhpkHap.?
rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹ tcuftcJ'kuQqif;&JESifh -uHKawG‹ae-u&onfhtcsdef
wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu tpOftjrJ ulnDaxmufyHhr+ay;awmfrla-umif;udk pl&mtvftef
zgvfwGif az:jyxm;ayonf? wrefawmfjrwf(qG)oufawmfxif&Sm;aepOfwGif/ rsufjrifouf
ao jyawmfrlcJhavonf?
(jyefvnfI owd&&Sd-uavukef?) tcgwyg;Y xdkt&Sifjrwfonf rdrdtxHawmfrS toifwdk‹
tay:Y tarmtyef;ajyapjcif;iSm idkufrsnf;jcif;udk zkH;v$rf;apawmfrlcJhavonf? ‚if;jyif t
oifwdk‹tay:0,f rdk;aumif;uifrS(rdk;)a&udk toifwdk‹tm; oef‹&Sif;pif-u,fpdrfhaomiSmvnf;
aumif;/ toifwdk‹(pdwfESvkH;wGif;)rS ±+difwGmefrdpm>aumif. t-uHay;csufudk yaysmufpdrfh
aomiSmvnf;aumif;/ toifwdk‹.pdwfESvkH;rsm; -uHŒcdkifpdrfhaomiSmvnf;aumif;/ (toifwdk‹
.)ajcrsm;udk jrJjrHcdkifjrJpdrfhaomiSmvnf;aumif;/ &GmoGef;apvsuf &SdawmfrlcJhacsownf;?
(pl&m tvftefzgvf 8;11)
“idkufrsnf;jcif;udk zkH;v$rf;apawmfrlcJhavonf” [laomtydk'fonf/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&m
jidrfoufr+udk qdkvdkayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ t&Sifjrwfudkoef‹&Sif;pif-u,faom
pdwfjzifh tm;udk;tm;xm;jyK ,kH-unfolwdktm;/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&maxmufyHhulnDr+ay;awmfrl.?

46
rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onfvnf; jidrf;csrf;r+ESifhtm;udk;,kH-unfr+&Sd&Sdjzifh tcdkiftrm
pdwfydkif;jzwfEdkif-uayonf?
,if;uJhodk‹aom pdwfydkif;qdkif&m jidrf;csrf;r+ESifh,kH-unfr+onf/ rktfrifefwdk‹. b0wpf
oufwmvkH;wGif xif&Sm;ay:vGifvsuf&Sdayonf? tv†m[ft±SifjrwfESifh aemifwrvGefb0
wGif ,kH-unfr+tjynfht0&Sdolwdk‹onf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfomv#if tjzpftysufrSefor#
t&mcyfodrf;udk pdk;ydkifawmfrla-umif; vufcH,kH-unfxm;-uaoma-umifh/ rnfonfhtcgrqdk
&kef;&if;qefcwfa-umufvef‹wkefv+yfvGef;jcif; r&Sd-uacs? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu olwdk‹.b0
ESifh aemifwrvGefb0twGuf taumif;qkH; zefwD;ay;xm;jcif; jzpfonf[k vufcH,kH-unf
-uayonf? “(tdk=ouf0if,kH-unfoltaygif;wdk‹) tu,fI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toif
wdk‹tm; ulnDapmifrawmfrlygv#if/ toifwdk‹tay:Y atmifjrifv$rf;rdk;rnfhol[lI rnfolwpf
OD;wpfa,mufr# &Sdawmhrnfr[kwfay? odk‹&mwGif tu,fIom xdkt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹
tm; pGef‹ypfxm;awmfrlygv#if/ xdkuJhodk‹pGef‹ypfxm;awmfrljyD;aemuf toifwdk‹tm; ulnD
apmifrrnfholonf tb,fol&Sdygao;oenf;? odk‹jzpf&um; ,kH-unfjcif; o'Ngw&m;xm;&Sd
aomolwdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf tay:Yomv#if ,kH-unfpdwfcs tm;xm;-u&ayo
wnf;?”[k uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tydk'f2;160 wGif rdef‹qdkxm;ayonf? xdk‹a-umifh rGwfp
vifrfwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.b0wpfckvkH;udk tv†m[ft&SifjrwfY ykHtyfxm;jcif;jzifh udk,fpdwf
ESpfjzm {csrf;om,mpGm aexdkifEdkif-uayonf? rnfr#yif-uD;av;aom 'kuQqif;&Jjcif;&Sdap
umrl/ acwWomv#ifjzpfonfudk od&Sd-uayonf? trwokcbkHY ae&rnfh aemifwrvGef
b0ESifh Ed+if;,SOfvdkufygu TurBmavmu&Sdoufwef;onf/ tvGefwdkawmif;aomtcsdefom
v#ifjzpfonf[k pGJjrJpGm rSwf,l,kH-unfxm;-uayonf? TurBmavmuwGif b0wpfckvkH;
'kuQqif;&JcHpm;-u&aomfvnf; ESpf50=60 avmuftwGif; ukefqkH;oGm;rnfudk od&Sd-u.?
ESpfaygif; 50=60avmuftwGif;wGif rdrd.b0udk tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfyg;Y tyfESHxm;
I/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftvdkawmf&Sdonfhtwdkif;/ udk,fusifhw&m;jynhf0pGmjzifh aexdkiftouf
&Sifjcif;a-umifh/ aemifwrvGefb0Y ‘*sEMwf’trwokcbkHwGif tpOftjrJat;jidrf;csrf;ompGm
touf&Sif&rnfh tv†m[ft&SifxHrSqkawmfonf xdkESpfaygif; 50=60ESifhEd+if;,SOfvdkufygu
tvGef-uD;rm;vSayonf? rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onf/ TurBmavmu.b0wGif
pdwfnpfylyefaomua&mufjcif;/ 0rf;enf;a-uuGJjcif;/ cdkudk;&mrJhtjzpfpdwftm;i,fjcif;/ b0
udk jiD;aiG‹jcif;/ odk‹r[kwfcufcJ'kuQa&mufonf[k cHpm;ae&jcif;/ ponfwdk‹r&Sdacs? urBmavm
u-uD;&Sd tqHk;r&SdaomvSyr+rsm;jzifh rdrdwdk‹.pdwfudk ESpfodrfh-unfEl;jcif;jzifh wif;wdrfa&mifh&J
ae-uayonf?
xdk‹a-umifh/ rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onf/ TtrSefw&m;udk od&Sd-uojzifh/ rnf
onfhtajctaeudkyif &ifqdkif-u&apumrl rdrd.uH-urRmudk tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfY
tyfESHxm;&if; pdwf"gwf-uHŒcdkifjrJjrH-uayonf? TuJhodk‹aom pdwf"gwfqdkif&m oufomr+ &
&Sdjcif;onf/ TurBmavmuwGif t-uD;us,fqkH;aom oufomr+yifjzpfayonf?
tm;vkH;aompdwfESvkH;wdk‹ESifh tm;vkH;aomtiftm;wdk‹onf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.
vufwGif;Yomv#if &Sdayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rnfonfhtajctaeudkrqdk/ rnfodk‹
rqdk/ rnfonfhtcsdefrqdk/ t&Sifjrwftvdk&Sdonfhtwdkif; zefwD;Edkifayonf? rnfolrqdk rnf

47
onfhtm;udk;tm;xm;rSDcdk&mudk &SmazGapumrl/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. tvdkqENudkausmfvGefI
tjcm;awG‹Edkifrnfr[kwfacs? vlwdkif;u rdrdvkyfaqmifor#ESifh rdrdar#mfvifhonfht&m[lo
r#onf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. xdef;uGyfr+twGif;Yomv#if &Sdaejcif;udkod&Sdjcif;onfyif vl
om;rsm;twGuf bmomw&m;uay;aomvG,fuloufomr+ jzpfayonf? rdrdu yifyifyef;
yef; tywfwukwfvkyfudkifaqmif&GufonfhudpPt00twGuf tusKd;aus;Zl;cHpm;&efar#mfvifh
csuftm;vkH;twGuf tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfodk‹ tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif;jzifh/ tv†m[ft
&SifjrwfxHawmfrS axmufyHhulnDr+udk ykHpHtrsKd;rsdK;jzifh &&Sdayvdrfhrnf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfomv#if toifwdk‹tm; txl;apmifha&Smufawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmf
rlonf? ‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf apmifrolrsm;wGif taumif;qkH; apmifrawmfrlaom t&Sif
jrwfyif jzpfawmfrlayownf;? (pl&m tmavhtdrf&mef 3;150)

48
 uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf&Sd
udk,fusifhw&m;usifh0wftwdkif;
aexdkifjcif;.oufomacsmifcsdr+rsm;?
The Ease Of Living By The Morals of The Qur'an
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹. 0efudkavsmhayghapawmfrl&ef &nfpl;awmfrl.? pifppf
wrlum; vlom;wdk‹onf tm;tifcsnfheJ‹olrsm;tjzpf zefqif;jcif; cHcJh-u&avownf;?
(pl&mtefeDqmtf 4;28)
y&[dw0g'&Sdjcif;/ ,kH-unfxdkufjcif;/ t-uifemw&m;&Sdjcif;/ tv,ftvwfykHpHjzifh
aexdkifwwfjcif;/ &dk;om;ajzmifhrwfjcif;/ cspf-unfcifrifwwfjcif;/ olqif;&Jwdk‹udk au|;arG;
wwfjcif;/ *wdwnfjcif;/ acs;iSm;aomypPnf;rsm;udk tcsdefrSDjyefvnfay;tyfjcif;/ *k%foa&
&Sd&Sd aexdkifjcif;/ tawG;tac:&ifhusufjcif;/ pdwfxdcdkufwwfjcif;/ pdwfESvkH;El;nHhjcif;/ cGifh
v$wfwwfjcif;/ aus;Zl;odwwfjcif;/ onf;cHwwfjcif;/ &J&ifhjcif;/ &dkaoav;pm;xdkufjcif;/ t
jcm;oludk av;pm;wwfjcif;/ pdwfwnfjidrfjcif;/ tjcm;oludk vdrfvnfvSnfhpm;r+rjyKjcif;/ t
jcm;oludk txifrao;jcif;/ ponfht&nftcsif;rsm;onf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif/
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu n$ef-um;xm;aomtrdef‹rsm;jzpfayonf?
trSefpifppf/ rnfonfhaumif;aomudk,fusifhw&m;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu oabm
wltodtrSwfjyKrnfudkum;/ vlwdkif;.todw&m;wGif &SdjyD;jzpfayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; ±+dif
wGmef. aESmifh,Sufr+a-umifh xdkudk,fusifhw&m;rsm;twdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;Edkif&ef tvGef
cufcJ-uayonf? xdkuJhodk‹aom udk,fusifhw&m;&Sdonfht&nftcsif;ESifh jynfhpkHpGm usifhokH;ae
xdkifcJh-uolwdk‹onf wrefawmfjrwfrsm;ESifh xdkwrefawmfrsm;.tyg;awmfom0ursm;yifjzpf
-uI vlom;rsm;wGif txGwftxdyftjzpf ausmf-um;cJh-uayonf? ynmrJholwdk‹. udk,fusifh
w&m;onf/ tvGefyg;v$mao;i,faomcsnfjzifh wkyfaESmifxm;aom-udK;ESifhwlayonf? t
omt,mv+yf&Sm;jcif;jzifh jywfoGm;Edkifayonf? Oyrm tvGefpdwfwnfjidrfonf[k ausmf-um;
aomyk*~dKvfwpfOD;onf/ ol.tusdK;pD;yGm;udk xdcdkufonfESifhwjydKifwnf;/ xdef;rEdkifodrf;r&
&dkif;pdkif;pGm apmfum;armfum;tjyKtrlrsm; csufcsif;xGufay:vmonfudk awG‹&wwfonf? t
vGefao;odrfaomudpPtwGufudkyif onf;cH&rnfhenf;vrf;udk rodacs? u|Efkyfwdk‹. vuf&Sd
vl‹tzGJ‹tpnf;wGif/ Todk‹aom rrSefuefonfhtwkta,mifudk,fusifhw&m;rsm;ESifh jynfheuf
vsuf&Sdayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ udk,fusKd;udkom-unfhjcif;/ rdrd.tusKd;pD;yGm;udk
umuG,f&eftwGuf olwyg;tay: EdkifxufpD;eif;jyKjcif;/ vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;/ r&dk;om;r
ajzmifhrwfjcif;/ [efaqmifjcif;/ pdwf0ifpm;r+uif;rJhjcif;/ olwyg;udktxifjrifao; uJh&Jhjcif;/
armufrmjcif;/ -urf;-uKwfjcif;/ remvdkjcif;/ ponfwdk‹udk omrefjzpf&dk;jzpfpOftjzpfom ,lq
avh&Sd-uayonf? trSefrSm ‚if;wdk‹onf todOm%fuif;rJholwdk‹. xGifvkH;rsm;omv#if jzpfay

49
onf? ,QKacwfwGif/ vlwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.t&nftcsif;*k%ft*Fgwdk‹udk az:jy&mwGif
“u|Efkyfonf tifrwef&nf&G,fcsuf-uD;rm;ygonf/ udk,fusdK;udktrsm;qkH;-unfhwwfygonf/
tjcm;oludkvnf; remvdkwwfygonf?”ponfh raumif;aomt&nftcsif;rsm;udkyif wef
zdk;&Sdonfh *k%ft*Fgrsm;tjzpf ta&;w,l*k%f,lwwf-uayonf? xdk‹a-umifh/ aemufqkH;wGif
vltrsm;uvnf; xdkuJhodk‹aom ,kwfnHhodrfjzif;onfh t&nftcsif;rsm;udk or±dk;us vl‹
obm0tjzpfomv#if vufcHvdkuf-uayawmhonf?
trSefrSm/ “touf 70cef‹&Sdolonf rdrdudk,fudk 7ESpf odk‹r[kwf 17ESpft&G,fwkef;u
vkdygbJ/”[k omrefvltrsm;wGif ajymavhajymx&Sd-uayonf? xdkuJhodk‹aom rSm;,Gif;onfh
t,ltqrsm;a-umifh/ udk,fusifhw&m;ysufjym;onfht&nftcsif;/ tusifhpm&dwWESifh trlt
usifhrsm;twdkif; woufvkH;rajymif;vJbJ aexdkifoGm;-uonfudk tvG,fwul vufcH-uav
onf?
txufu u|Ekfyfwdk‹wifjycJhonfhtwdkif;/ tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf/ vlom;rsm;udk zef
qif;&mwGif twGif;pdwf&if;taejzifh bmoma&;udk udkif;±d+if;onfhpdwfxm;udk ay;xm;awmf
rl.? obm0tm;jzifh/ vlom;onf aumif;aomudk,fusifhw&m;udk wefzdk;xm;wwf-uay
onf? tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;rSm avmb-uD;jcif;/ ap;enf;jcif;wdk‹a-umifh tcuftcJrsm;ESifhom
-uHKawG‹Edkifayonf? vGefcJhonfh r-umao;rDumvu ausmf-um;cJhonfh bd'lZ…refqtD'fEl&fpD
[k trnf&SdaomrGwfpvifrftmvifrfynm±SifwpfOD;u “a&mifjcnf”[laompmtkyfwGif/
atmufygtwdkif; a&;om;xm;ayonf?
“==tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfwpfyg;wnf;wnf&Sdjcif;udk ouf0if,kH-unfjcif;ESifh ,if;tcsufudk
oufaocHjcif;onf/ tvGefwdkawmif;aom/ ajzmifhwef;aom/ vG,fulaomvrf; jzpfayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfwnf&Sdjcif;udk r,kHr-unfjcif;ESifh jiif;y,fjcif;onf tvGefw&m&Snfvsm;
cufcJI tEW&m,ftaygif;ESifh jynfheufaomvrf; jzpf.? qdkvkd&if;rSm/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk
r,kHr-unfjiif;y,fjcif;/ xdkt&SifESifh 'GHwGJI tjcm;t&mudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif; ponfwdk‹
onf/ ajzmifhpOf;aom/ tajrmftjrifESifhjynfhpkHaom TurBmavmuwGif ,kwWdr&Sday? T
urBmavmu-uD;wGif tppt&monf ajzmifhwef;IvG,fulaomvrf;pOfom±Sdojzifh/ p-um0
VmtwGuf aerif;-uD;onf r±SdIrjzpfouJhodk‹/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ,kH-unfI xdkt&Sifjrwf
wpfyg;wnf;wnf&Sdjcif;udk oufaocHjcif;onf/ r&SdrjzpfaomudpPyifjzpfayonf? xdk‹tjyif/
vlom;wdk‹. udk,fusifhw&m;vl‹usifh0wftwGuf toufomqkH;/ tusdK;t&SdqkH;/ twdkqkH;ESifh
tEW&m,ftuif;qkH;/ tajzmifhwef;qkH;/ tv,ftvwfvrf;pOf jzpfayonf?” (bd'lZ…rmef
ptD'fEl&fpD. a&mifjcnfwef;rsm; [kac:aom &dqmavhEl;&frS 15ckajrmuf a&mifjcnfwef;
jzpf.?)
bd'lZ…rmefptD'fEl&fpD. aemufxyfpmtkyfwpftkyfwGif/
“r,kHr-unfaoGjznfolwdk‹av#mufaomvrf;onf a&cJjyifay:wGifvrf;av#mufouJhodk‹vnf;
aumif;/ ajratmufv+difacgif;wGifvrf;av#mufouJhodk‹vnf;aumif;/ qef‹usifbufjyefvnf
wGef;uefjcif;tm;&Sdaeojzifh/ xdkodk‹aomvrf;udk odvsufESifhav#mufoltwGuf tvGefw&m
cufcJayonf? odk‹aomfvnf;/ *&kpdkufjcif;r&SdbJ twk,ljcif;udkom tm;oefoltwGufrlum;/
TtcsufESifhywfoufI od&SdajrmfjrifEdkifrnfr[kwfay? tv†m[ft&SifjrwfY ,kH-unfjcif;&Sd

50
aomvrf;onf/ a&jyifwGiful;oGm;ouJhodk‹vnf;aumif;/ avxJwGiftvif;a&mifatmufY
oGm;vmouJhodk‹vnf;aumif;/ ESpfoufzG,faumif;I vG,fulr+&Sdayonf? xdk‹a-umifh xdkvrf;
a-umif;udk vdkufjcif;onf vG,fulayonf? (bd'lZ…rmef ptD'f El&fpD. vif;a&mifjcnf.pHerl
em trnf&Sdpmtkyf 'kwd,tydkif;/ pmrsufESm 71)?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ,kH-unfjcif;r&Sdolwpfa,muf.b0wGif/ aysmf&$ifr+tcsdKŒESifh
vnf; -uHKawG‹ygvdrfhrnf? odk‹aomfvnf; xdkaysmf&$ifr+onf acwWr#omjzpfI/ 0rf;enf;a-uuJG
jcif;ESifh 'kuQqif;&Jjcif;udk ay;aqmifaom aysmf&$ifr+yif jzpfEdkifayonf? xdkolonf OpPm"e
csrf;om-uG,f0I/ aygrsm;jcif;/ vSyjcif;ESifh aysmf&$ifr+tjynfh&Sdaomfvnf;/ ‚if;wdk‹udk wae‹ae‹
wGif pGef‹ypfcJh&rnfudk awG;awm&if; 0rf;enf;a-uuGJaevdrfhrnf? olydkifqdkifaom OpPmypnf;
tm;vkH;udk/ TurBmay:wGif -uHKawGŒ&rnfh ta-umif;w&m;wpfckcka-umifhjzpfap/ rvGJra&Smif
om-uHKawG‹-urnfh aojcif;ESifhqkH;cef;wdkif-u&rnfbJjzpfap/ pGef‹v$wfcJh&rnfomjzpf.? xdk‹
a-umifh/ tv†m[ft&SifjrwfESifhtwl aemifwrvGefb0udk ,kH-unfr+r&Sdygu/ ppfrSefaomjidrf;
csrf;om,mr+ESifh aysmf&$ifr+udk &&Sd-urnfr[kwfacs? bd'lZ…rmefu xdkuJhodk‹ ,kH-unfr+uif;rJhol
-uHKawG‹&rnfh ed*kH;tajctaeudk Todk‹az:jyxm;ayonf?
“r,kH-unfjcif; odk‹r[kwf jiif;y,fykefuefjcif;&Sdaomb0onf tusdK;w&m;uif;rJhayonf?
xdkjiif;y,fr+ESifh r,kH-unfjcif;wdk‹u ay;aqmifaom tay:&Hausmomjzpfonfh aysmf&$ifr+rsm;
xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm -uD;rm;onfh emusifr+ESifh0rf;enf;a-uuGJzG,frsm;udk awG‹-uHKcHpm;-u
&rnf?” (bd'lZ…rmef ptD'fEl&fpD. a&mifjcnfwef;rsm; [kac:aom &dqmavhEl;&frS)?
aumif;aomtusifhoDvESifhusifh0wfw&m;onf vlwpfOD;pDtwGuf trSm;ESifhtrSefwdk‹
udk cGJjcm;Edkifonfh tvG,fulqkH;ESifhtaumif;qkH;aom pHcsdeftqifhjzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwfwGif ouf0if,kH-unfol. vuf&Sdb0vrf;a-umif;ESifh/ aemifwrvGefb0&Sd aysmf&$ifI
oufomacsmifcsdr+&Sdjcif;wdk‹onf tqufjywfjcif;r&Sdacs? tu,fI csdKŒwJhr+tcsdKŒudk owdrlrd
aomfvnf;/ xdkcsdKŒwJhr+rsm;onf acwW,m,DomjzpfI aemifwvGefb0wGif tjynfhtpkH&&Sdrnf
udk odxm;jcif;jzifh pdwfoufom&m &&Sdayvdrfhrnf? tqkH;tpr&Sdaom qkr*Fvmudk vufcH&
&Sd&efrSm/ cufcJr+r&Sd vG,fulaomtr+udpPomv#ifjzpfayonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif
jyqdkxm;onfhtwdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;jcif;jzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. tvdkawmft& tqkH;r&Sd
aomvSyr+ESifh tpOftjrJaomaumif;csD;r*FvmESifhjynfhpkHonfh trwokcbkHudk &&Sdrnfjzpfay
onf?
aumif;qdk;usdK;jypfcGJjcm;odwwfaom todw&m;udk vdkufemolonf
tpOftjrJ atmifjrif.?
ta0;ajy;vrf;r-uD;ay:wGif ajy;vsuf&Sdaom armfawmfum;rsm;udk pOf;pm;-unfhyg?
xdkvrf;r-uD;ay:wGif um;armif;ae-uolwdk‹onf/ rwlnD-uaom,Ofaus;r+/ wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;
uGJjym;aomtvkyftudkif/ rwlnDaomtrltusifh/ rwlnDaomynma&;tqifhtwef;/ rwlnD
aomtjrifrsm; &Sd-uolrsm;jzpf-uayonf? tajccHtm;jzifh xdkvrf;r-uD;ay:wGif um;armif;
ae-uolwdk‹onf wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tppt&m&mwGif uGJjym;jcm;em;-uayonf?

51
 xdkum;rsm;teuf um;ESpfpD;wdk‹onf rawmfwq&ifqdkifwdkuf-uonfqdkygpdk‹? xdkum;
ESpfpD;teuf wpfpD;wGif vdkufygvmolwpfa,mufa,mufu temw&'%f&m&&SdI owdvpf
arharsmaeonf qdkygpdk‹? xdktcsdefwGif um;wpfpD;u jzwfoGm;&mwGif xdktajctaeudkawG‹
jrifaomfvnf; tenf;i,fvSnfh-unfhI qufvufarmif;ESifoGm;avonf? tjcm;um;wpfpD;
url/ &yfwef‹I xdk'%f&m&&Sdaomvludk ulnDI teD;qkH;&Sdaq;&kHodk‹ ydk‹ay;um twwfEdkifqkH;
ulnDcJhavonf?
xdkolESpfOD;wdk‹. jcm;em;csufrSm/ wpfOD;u rdrd.pdwfwGif;&Sd aumif;qdk;usdK;jypfcGJjcm;
odwwfaomtodw&m;udk vdkufemoljzpfI/ tjcm;olwpfOD;rSm xdkuJhodk‹aomtwGif;todw
&m;udk rvdkufemjcif;yifjzpfayonf? xdkolESpfOD;wdk‹. ,Ofaus;r+/ ynmt&nftcsif;tqifh
twef;/ tvkyftudkif/ vlrsdK;ESifh qif;oufr+ ponfwdk‹ESifh xl;jcm;pGm yg0ifoufqdkifr+r&Sd
acs? vlwdkif;. pdwftwGif;Y rnfonfht&monf rSm;onfrSefonfudk cGJjcm;EdkifpGrf;&Sdonfh
xdkuJhodkaom aumif;qdk;usKd;jypfudk cGJjcm;wwfaomtodw&m;onf &SdjyD;om;jzpfayonf?
rnfonfhtcsdefrqdk rdrdu raumif;r+wpfckckudk vkyfrdonfESifh xdktodw&m;onf rnfonfh
t&monfrSefuefonfudk wdkufwGef;E+d;aqmfpjrJjzpfayonf? xdktwGif;pdwfrS wdkufwGef;E+d;
aqmfaomtoHudk/ vdkufemaqmif&Guf&efrSm tvGefw&mvG,fulaomudpPjzpfayonf? t
b,fha-umifhqdkaomf xdkuJhodk‹aom tajctaewGif trSefw&m;udk owday;aomtodw&m;t
oHonf xdkolu yxrOD;qkH; -um;&aomtoHjzpfayonf? xdktoHudk vdkufemaqmif&Gufol
onf/ rdrd. b0wav#mufvkH;wGif pdwfcsrf;om,mpGm oufawmifhoufom aexdkifEdkifrnf
jzpfayonf? odk‹aomfvnf;/ xdktodw&m;toHudk wrifwumr-um;&atmif em;ydwfI
tjcm;ta-umif;rsm;udk ,r,f&Smum rvdkufemraqmif&Gufolonf/ rdrdudk,fudk tjypfruif;
oltjzpf b0wckvkH;wGif tpOftjrJtjypfwif&if; pdwfrcsrf;omaomb0rS tvGwf&kef;I
&rnf r[kwfay?
xdk‹a-umifh/ rdrdwdk‹wGif yifudktodw&m;&Sdjcif;onf/ vG,fulr+udk ay;aqmifonfht
jyif aumif;csD;r*FvmESifh jynfhpkHaoma-umifh tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfrS&&Sdaom -uD;rm;
onfhqkvmbf jzpfayonf? xdkaumif;csD;r*Fvmudk vufcHvdkufemolonf/ rnfonfhtajct
aewGifrqdk trSefESifhtrSm;udk cGJjcm;odjrifEdkifI/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.ESpfoufjcif;udk&&Sdrnfh
enf;vrf;rsm;udk awG‹&Sdum/ TurBmavmuESifh aemifwrvGefb0 ESpfXmevkH;wGif tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwf. u,fwifjcif;udk vufcH&&Sdrnfjzpf.?
u|Ekfyfwdk‹.twGif;pdwf&Sd taumif;tqdk;tusdK;tjypfcGJjcm;odwwfaomtodw&m;udk
vdkufemolonf/ u,fwifjcif;udk cH&rnfjzpfa-umif; uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwfu rdef‹qdkxm;awmfrl.?
xdkrSwyg; toufZD0defudkvnf;aumif;/ xdktoufZD0defudk pkHvifatmif jyKvkyfawmfrlaom
t&Sifudkvnf;aumif;/ oufaoxlawmfrl.? wzef xdkt&Sifjrwfonf xdktoufZD0defwGif;
0,f xdktoufZD0def. jypfr+'kp&dkuf(.tod)udkvnf;aumif;/ aumif;r+okp&dkuf(.tod)udk
vnf;aumif;/ xnfhoGif;ay;awmfrlcJh.? pifppf{uef xdktoufZD0defudk oy`m,jzpfatmif
pif-u,foef‹&Sif;apcJhaomolonf atmifjrifcJhavjyD? (pl&m tvf&Srfpf 91;7=9)

52
 “xdktoufZD0defudk oy`m,jzpfatmif pif-u,foef‹&Sif;apcJhaomolonf atmifjrifcJh
avjyD?” [laomtydk'fonf/ rdrdwdk‹. twGif;pdwftodw&m;udk vdkufemaqmif&Gufolonf
jidrf;csrf;om,mjcif;udk &&Sdvdrfhrnf[laom tcsufudk jyoxm;jcif;yif jzpfayonf?
rdrdwdk‹. twGif;pdwf&Sd aumif;qdk; usdK;jypfcGJjcm;odwwfaomtodw&m;udk rvdkufem
olESifhywfoufI txufygtm,wfawmfrsm;ESifh wqufwnf;aomuk&ftmeftm,wfawmf
wGif jyqdkxm;.?
odk‹&mwGif xdktoufZD0defudk ('kp&dkufrsm;wGif) epfjrKyfapcJhaomolonf ysufpD;qkH;±+H;cJhacsjyD
wum;? (pl&m tvf&Srfpf 91;10)
bmoma&;udkvdkufemusifhokH;jcif;r&SdolESifh xkdol.tusifhoDvudk tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwf. vufcHoabmwljcif;rcH&olwdk‹. twGif;pdwf&Sd aumif;qdk;usdK;jypfcGJjcm;odwwf
aomtodw&m;onf/ aumif;jcif;/ rSefuefjcif;ESifh w&m;r#wjcif;wdk‹udk xdef;ausmif;aeo
jzifh/ xdkolwdk‹.pdwfwGif;Y tvkt,ufwdkufyGJjzpfaeayonf? raumif;r+tjypf'kp&dkufudk
usL;vGefjcif;twGuf ae‹ntcsdefra&G; 'kuQay;em-unf;apayonf? ,if;onfyifv#if xdkol
twGuf TurBmavmuESifh aemifwrvGefb0 ESpf@mevkH;wGif ysufpD;,dk,Gif;ayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ouf0if,kH-unfjcif;. &dk;pif;vG,fulr+?
vlwdkif;onf/ rdrd.b0wav#mufwGif rdrd.b0wpfckvkH;udkyif xdcdkufEdkifavmuf
aom uHqdk;jcif;/ tE+wfoabmaqmifaomtjzpftysufqdk;usKd;rsm;ESifh-uHKawG‹&jcif;ponf
wdk‹ &Sd-urnfomjzpf.? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf. oGefoifcsufESifhudkufnDaom udk,fusifh
w&m;twdkif; raexdkifolonf/ tqifrajyr+wpfckckESifh -uHKawG‹&aomtcgwGif/ ao;i,f
aomudpPyifjzpfap/ -uDrm;aomudpPyifjzpfap/ y&da'0aomuzdpD;r+/ pdk;&drfa-umifhusr+/ pdwf
'kuQa&mufIaysmf&$ifr+uif;rJhr+/ pdwfnpf!l;r+/ a-umufvef‹wkHv+yfr+rsm;jzifh jynfhaeayonf?
odk‹aomfvnf;/ ,if;tawG‹t-uHKrsm;onf/ tvGefta&;-uD;aom trSefw&m;udk owdrrlbJ
aexdkif&ef rdrdudk,fwdkifa&G;cs,fxm;onfh ylyifaomuzdpD;jcif;'kuQyifjzpfayonf? tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmfwpfydk'fwGif “tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/
t-uifvlwdk‹udk zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fjcif;jyKawmfrljcif;r&Sdacs? t-uifolwdk‹omv#if rdrdwdk‹udk,fudk
zdESdyfcsKyfcs,f-uukef.?”[k rdef‹qdkxm;ayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk r,kHr-unfol/ odk‹r
[kwf ,kH-unfayaomfjim;vnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf oGefoifxm;aom trSefw&m; b0vrf;
pOfudk *&krjyKvspfvsL±+xm;olonf/ TurBmavmuwGif tpOfojzifh ylyifaomua&muf
jcif;/ 0rf;enf;a-uuGJjcif;/ pdk;&drfa-umifh-ujcif; ponfwdk‹jzifhjynfheufaeayonf?
,if;trSefw&m;udkod&SdvufcHolonf/ TurBmavmuwGif rnfodk‹r# a-umuf&GHŒjcif;/
pdk;&drfylyefjcif;/ pdwfnpfjcif;r&Sdacs? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ xdkolonf t&mcyfodrf;wdk‹udk
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu zefqif;xm;I t&mcyfodrf;wdk‹udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu owfrSwfxm;
jyD;jzpfojzifh/ tjcm;oliguJhodk‹yif xdkuH-urRmtwdkif; aexdkiftouf&Sif-u&rnfjzpfa-umif;
udk od&SdvufcHxm;-uaoma-umifhjzpf.? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu olwdk‹twGuf owfrSwfay;/
zefqif;ay;xm;aom uH-urRmonf aumif;jcif;tjzpfYomv#if tqkH;owfvdrfhrnfudk c|if;

53
csufr&Sd ,kH-unfxm;-uayonf? bmoma&;udkif;±d+if;ol.b0uH-urRmudk taumif;qkH;t
jzpf pDrHxm;ay;a-umif;udkvnf; ,kH-unfxm;-uayonf?
vltrsm;tm;jzifh uH-urRmudk od&Sd-u.? odk‹aomfvnf; uH-urRmESifhywfoufI em;
vnfoabmaygufjcif;wGif csdKŒ,Gif;csuf&Sdae-uayonf? vlwpfOD;. qHyifta&mif/ t&yf
tarmif;/ arG;zGm;&mrdb/ ponfwdk‹onf uH-urRmwGif owfrSwfxm;jcif;cH-u&onf[kvufcH
xm;I/ tcsdKŒaomudpP&yfrsm;ESifhoufqdkifaom olwdk‹.uH-urRmudkrl pdwf"gwf-uHŒcdkifpGm-udK;
pm;tm;xkwfygu xdkuH-urRmudk ajymif;vJEdkifvdrfhrnf[k ,lq-uonf? trSefpifppf u|Ekfyf
wkd‹vkyfaqmifor#/ u|Ekfyfwdk‹twdwfwGif-uHKawG‹vkyfaqmifcJhor#udpPtm;vkH;/ ypPKy`efwGif-uHK
awG‹vkyfaqmifaeor#tm;vkH;ESifh aemiftem*wfwGif-uHKawG‹rnfhudpPtm;vkH;wdk‹udk tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwfu od&Sdxm;jyD;jzpfayonf? Tta-umif;ESifhywfoufI uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf
wGif rdef‹qdkxm;awmfrl.?
toifonf rnfonfhtajctaeYrqdk &Sdaeonfudkvnf;aumif;/ xdktajctaewGif toif
onf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfudk &Gwfzwfo&ZÆ,fvsuf &Sdaeonfudkvnf;aumif;/ toif
wdk‹onf rnfonfhtvkyfrsdK;udkrqdk jyKvkyfvsuf&Sdae-uonfudkvnf;aumif;/ toifwdk‹onf
xdkudpPudk tm&HkpdkufI pwifaqmif&Guf-uaomtcsdeftcgwGif igt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹t
ay:0,f todoufaojzpfawmfrlonfomwnf;?
pifppfaomfum; yx0DajrYvnf;aumif;/ rdk;aumif;uifYvnf;aumif;/ &Sdonfhtenf;i,fpdk;
pOf;r#(aomt&m0wˆK)onfyifv#if toifhtm;zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaomt&Sifjrwf(.tod)
rS aysmufuG,faeonfr[kwfay? xdkrSwyg; ,if;xufao;i,faom(t&m0wˆKonf)vnf;
aumif;/ (,if;xuf)-uD;aom(t&m0wˆKonf)vnf;aumif;/ xif&Sm;pGmaom(rSwfwrf;awmf)
pmtkyfwGif (a&;om;jyD;) &Sdaeonfomwnf;? (pl&m,lEGwfpf 10;61)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf tcsdefESifhae&ma'owdk‹rS vGwfuif;vsuf&Sd.? vlom;onf
omv#if tcsdefESifh ae&ma'owdk‹udk rSDcdktm;xm;ae&ayonf? xdk‹a-umifh twdwf/ ypPKy`efESifh
tem*wftm;vkH;wdk‹onf tv†m[ft&SifjrwftwGuf wpfcsdefwnf;jzpfayonf? Oyrm/ u|Efkyf
wdk‹.aemufxyfvmrnfharG;ae‹onf tem*wftcsdefwGifjzpfonf? trSefpifppf xdktcsdefo
r,onf tv†mt&Sifjrwfodxm;&SdaejyD;om;jzpfaomtcsdefyif jzpfaeayonf? xdk‹a-umifh/
aemufvmrnfharG;ae‹tcef;tem;wGif/ u|Efkyfwdk‹rnfhonfh t0wfudk0wfqifrnf/ rnfolwdk‹yg
0ifwufa&mufrnf/ rnfonfht&mudkvkyfudkifaqmif&Guf-uvdrfhrnf ponfwdk‹udk odESifhjyD;
jzpfonf? ‚if;enf;wl/ aemifwpfESpf/ ESpfESpf/ okH;ESpf/ q,fESpf/ ESpfav;q,fwGif u|Ekfyfwdk‹
rnfonfhudpPudkaqmif&Gufvkyfudkifrnfudk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu odESifhjyD;jzpfayonf? tv†m
[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwpfOD;wpf a,muf.ae‹rsm;/ rdepftcsdefydkif;rsm;/ puUef‹tcsdefydkif; rsm;
tm;vkH;udk odESifhjyD;jzpfouJhodk‹ urBmOD;upI ,ae‹txdtjyif aemifurBmhoufwef;ukefqkH;
aom aemufqkH;ae‹txd tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk,fwdkif zefqif;Itouf&SifcJh-uonfhvlom;
rsm;/ touf&Sifvsuf&Sdonfhvlom;rsm;ESifh touf&Sif-uOD;rnfh oef;aygif;axmifaomif;
ajrmufjrm;pGmaomvlwdk‹tm;vkH;wpfOD;csif;. oufwef;wpfav#mufvkH;udkvnf; odxm;jyD;
jzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf umvt"Gef‹&Snfvsm;aomtcsdefudk tvGefwdkawmif;

54
aomtcsdefor,wGif zefqif;awmfrl.? qdkvdk&if;rSm tcsdefor,tm;vkH;udk puUef‹.tydkif;
wpfydkif;twGif;Y zefqif;xm;jcif; jzpf.?
xdkjzpfpOftvkH;pkHudk od&Sdxm;awmfrlaom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oAŠ!kwOm%fawmf
udk oabmaygufI/ vlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdk‹.uH-urRmudk apmifhqdkif;ae&olrsm;jzpfa-umif;
udk oabmaygufjcif;onf rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹twGuf pdwfoufomjcif;&&Sdaom
aumif;csD;r*Fvmyif jzpfayonf? bmoma&;udkif;±+dkif;ajzmifhrwfwnf-unfI rdrd.touf
ESifhudk,fcE<mudk tv†m[ft&SifxHawmfY vkH;0O\kHtyfESHxm;olonf/ rdrdujyKjyifajymif;vJI
r&Edkifaom rdrd.uH-urRmonf tv†m[ft&SifjrwfuowfrSwfxm;jcif;jzpfonfudk vufcH
&if;/ jzpfysufor#udk rdrdtwGuf toifhawmfqkH;aumif;rGefatmifzefwD;ay;&ef tv†m[ft
&Sifjrwfudk wdk;±d+;awmif;yefum rdrd.a&SŒarSmufwGif cif;usif;jyovsuf&Sdaom&kyfjrifoH-um;
Zmwfvrf;udk -unfhaeouJhodk‹ -unfh±+aejcif;jzifh oHa0*& pdwfoufom&m&±Sdaeayrnfjzpf
.? rdrd.b0uH-urRmudk -unfh±+&if; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk aus;Zl;wif&Sdaeayvdrfhrnf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk rdrd.taumif;qkH;rdwfo*F[tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ taumif;
qkH;apmifha&Smufolt&Sifociftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ vufcHxm;olonf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu
rdrdtm; pum;ajymqdkEdkifpGrf;/ puQKtm&kHjzifhjrifEdkifpGrf;ay;xm;jcif;udk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
vufcH&if; rdrd.uH-urRmtjzpftysufrsm;twGufvnf; auseyfESpfodrfhpGm vufcHaeayvdrfh
rnf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ vlwpfOD;. ,kH-unfr+o'Ngw&m;udk ykHpHtrsKd;rsdK;zefwD;I prf;
oyfEdkifayonf? xdktjzpftysufrsm;onf &Hzef&Hcgtm;jzifh a-umufrufzG,faomfvnf;
aumif;/ cufcJr+ylyifaomutjynfhjzifhvnf;aumif;/ &SdEdkifayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; xdktjzpf
tysufrsm;tm;vkH;. tao;pdwfrsm;udkvnf; tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfyg;Y pDrHxm;jyD;jzpf
ayonf? Oyrm/ wrefawmf,lqGzf(tvdkifa[hqvmrf)onf/ rnfonfhjypfr+udkr# -uL;vGef
jcif; r&Sdaomfvnf; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tusOf;axmifxJwGif aecJh&ayonf? odk‹aomfvnf;
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf pDpOfxm;onfhol‹b0udk ausauseyfeyfvufcHcJh.? tusOf;axmifwGif
csKyfaESmifcH&jcif;onf ol‹twGuftxl;ydkItcuftcJrjzpfcJhay? xdkuJhodk‹tusOf;axmifwGif
usa&mufaejcif;udk a&SŒwGifydkrdkvSywifhw,faom aumif;csD;r*FvmwHcg;.aomhcsuftjzpf
jrifcJhavonf? xdkuJhodk‹aomtcuftcJudk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tpDtpOftjzpf ausaus
eyfeyfvufcHjcif;onfyifv#if/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf ay;oem;aomaumif;csD;r*Fvm rsm;udk
ydkrdkIwefbdk;xm;aus;Zl;wifwwfayrnf? ESif;qDyef;yGifhvef;vsuf&Sdaom yef;jcHudk ae‹pOfae‹
wdkif;awG‹jrifae&ol.&$ifvef;r+ESifh/ aumifu&pfwdkuftdrfrsm;t-um;wGif ESpfaygif; rsm;pGm
aexdkifcJholu xdkyef;jcHudkawG‹jrif&ojzifh &&Sdaom-unfEl;&$ifvef;r+wdk‹onf wlnD-urnfr
[kwfay? cufcJr+ESifh twd'kuQwdk‹udk od&Sdolonf/ oufomacsmifcsdr+ESifhvSyjcif;wdk‹udk
ydkrdkwefzdk;xm;I -unfEl;r+ydkrdkcHpm;Edkifayonf? odk‹r[kwf rdrdtjypfr&SdbJ rw&m;pGyfpGJcH&
ojzifh axmiftusOf;uscH&olonf/ ,if;uH-urRmtwGuf aemifwrvGefb0wGif tv†m[f
t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS -uD;us,faomaumif;csD;r*Fvmqkvmbfudk tpm;xdk;vufcH&&Sdvdrfhrnf
[k pdwfauseyfaevdrfhrnf? aemufqkH;tjzpf rdrd.uH-urRm“wuU'D&f”udk od&SdvufcHolonf/
rdrdtygt0if rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufur# rdrdwdk‹.uH-urRmudk wpfpuUef‹avmufyif
ajymif;vJEdkifpGrf;r&Sda-umif;udk od&SdonfESifhwjydKifwnf;/ xdkuH-urRm“wuU'D&f”udk ausaus
eyfeyf pdwfvufoufompGmjzifhESpfodrfhr+ &±Sdrnfjzpfayonf?

55
 tDrmefouf0if,kH-unfolwpfOD;onf/ rnfonfhtajctaewGifrqdk oltwwfEdkifqkH;
-udK;yrf;ayvdrfhrnf? Oyrm/ emzsm;rusef;jzpfolonf q&m0efxHodk‹oGm;I ay;vmaomaq;
0g;rsm;udk pm;okH;jcif;jzifh rdrd.emzsm;rusef;jzpfjcif;udk ukpm;jyKpkaevdrfhrnf? odk‹aomf
vnf;/ q&m0efxHoGm;a&mufjcif;/ aq;0g;udkpm;okH;jcif;/ ukor+udkcH,ljcif;/ ponfwdk‹onf
ol‹tm;zefqif;ol tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu owfrSwfa&;om;xm;aom uH-urRmtwdkif; v+yf&Sm;
vkyfaqmifaejcif;jzpfa-umif;udk vufcHod&Sdayrnf? xdk‹a-umifh/ xdkuJhodk‹rusef;rmjcif;t
wGuf 0rf;enf;a-uuGJaejcif;/ pdk;&drfa-umifhusaejcif;/ pdwf"gwfusqif;aejcif;/ 'kuQqif;&J
jcif;tjzpf-unfhjcif; r&Sdawmhacs? ol‹b0twGuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfuomv#if todqkH;jzpf
I taumif;qkH;pDpOfay;jcif;jzpfonf[k ,kH-unfpdwfcsaevdrfhrnf? rdrd.b0tjzpftysuf
wdkif;.aemufuG,fwGif/ usdK;a-umif;wpfckck&Sdaernfjzpfa-umif;udk ,kH-unfxm;jcif;onf
tvGefta&;-uD;aomtcsufjzpfayonf? rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onf/ raumif;r+'kuQ
wpfckck.aemufuG,fwGif/ -uD;us,faomaumif;csD;r*Fvm qkvmbf&Sdaernfjzpfa-umif;udk
cdkifrmpGm,kH-unfI/ rdrd.b0uH-urRmudk tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHY tyfESHxm;-uayonf?
TuJhodk‹aomt&nftcsif;onf/ rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolrsm;Yomv#if&Sd.? u|Ekfyfwdk‹.
wrefawmfjrwf(qG)u/ Tta-umif;ESifhywfoufI -o0g'ay;cJhayonf?
“rktfrifefwpfOD;.b0ta&;tcif;onf tvGefxl;jcm;.? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf tppt
&m&monf xdkrktfrifef.tusdK;twGufomv#ifjzpfaeayonf? Todk‹aomtusdK;w&m;onf
rktfrifefwdk‹twGufrSvGJI tjcm;olrsm; &&Sdjcif;r&Sdacs? aumif;jcif;wpfrsdK;rsdK;jzpfay:ygu xdk
rktfrifefonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftm; aus;Zl;wifayonf? ,if;onfum; ol‹twGuf
aumif;usdK;yifjzpf.? tu,fI qdk;usdK;wpfckckjzpfay:vmygu/ rktfrifefonf onf;cH.?
,if;onfvnf; ol‹twGuf tusdK;w&m;yifjzpfjyef.? (q[d[frGwfpvifrf)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfomv#if t-uD;us,fqkH;aomwefcdk;tmEkabmfESifhjynfhpkHI/ xdk
t&Sifjrwfonfomv#if p-u0VmwpfckvkH;udkpdk;ydkifawmfrlonfhtjyif/ p-u0VmwpfckvkH;.
ta&;udpPrsm;udk pDrHcef‹cGJpD&ifcsufcsoljzpfayonf? Ttcsufudkod&Sdxm;olonf/ rdrd.
udk,fcE<mESifhuH-urRmudk tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfY tyfESHxm;rnfjzpfayonf? tb,fh
a-umifhqdkaomf tjzpftysuftm;vkH;/ vlwpfOD;.b0vrf;a-umif;/ vlwpfOD;csif;. ajymqdk
zGifh[csufESifhtoHjyKjcif;rsm;tm;vkH;udkvnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfuyif xdrf;csKyfvsuf&Sdjcif;
a-umifhjzpf.? TtrSefw&m;ESifhywfoufI u|Efkyfwdk‹. wrefawmfjrwf(qG)u tv†m[ft
&SifjrwfxHawmfrSvmaomt&mrSefor#onfvSyI rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹twGuf
aumif;csD;r*FvmawGcsnf;jzpfonf[k -o0g'trdef‹&Sdxm;ayonf? TtrSefw&m;udk od&Sd
vufcHxm;jyD; tv†m[ft&SifjrwfY vkH;0,kH-unftm;udk;olrsm;ta-umif;udkvnf; xdkt&Sif
jrwfuyif az:jyxm;ayonf?
tu,fpifppf igonf ig.t&Sifjrwfvnf;jzpfawmfrlaom toifwdk‹.t&Sifjrwfvnf; jzpf
awmfrlaom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftay:Y ,kH-unfpdwfcsv$JtyfcJhavjyD? xdkt&Sifjrwfonf ±Sd±Sd
or#aom wd&pm>efwdk‹. ezl;(qHp)udk qkyfudkifxm;awmfrlayonf? {uefrvGJ ig.t&Sif
jrwfonf ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom vrf;ay:Yyif &Sdawmfrlayownf;? (pl&m[l'f 11;56)

56
 tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ,kH-unftm;udk;jcif;r&Sdolwdk‹onf/ t&m&monf olwdk‹. t
pGrf;tpESifhxdrf;uGyfr+atmufwGif&Sdonf[k xif-uojzifh/ tpOftjrJa-umuf&GHŒxdwfvef‹ae&
jcif;/ 0rf;enf;a-uuGJjcif;/ pdk;&drfylyefjcif;ESifh t&m&mudk tqdk;bufrSomjrifwwfjcif;/ p
onfwdk‹jzifh zdpD;ae-uayonf? xdkolonf rdrd-unfhaeaom&kyf&SifZmwfum;udk rdrdtvdk&Sdo
vdktqkH;owfEdkifbdouJhodk‹ pdwfv+yf&Sm;aejcif;ESifh tvm;wlayonf? TuJhodk‹aom a-umuf
vef‹jcif;onf rvdktyfouJhodk‹/ rdrd.uH-urRmudkvnf; xdkuJhodk‹aomcHpm;csufjzifh -unfh±+
aejcif;onfvnf; rvdktyfonfhtjyif roifhawmfay? Oyrm/ rw&m;pGyfpGJcH&olonf/ tv†m
[ft&Sifjrwf. xdrf;uGyfr+twGif;Yomv#if &Sdaeayonf? xdktajctaeudkvnf; vlwdk‹udk
prf;oyf&eftwGuf zefwD;jcif;yifjzpfayonf? rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolonf/ rw&m;pGyfpGJ
jcif;udkcHae&jcif;udkonf;cHI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu rdrd.onf;cHjcif;udk vufcH&efESifh oem;
-uifemu&k%mxm;I *sEMwfokcbkHudkay;oem;awmfrl&ef ar#mfvifhawmifhwjcif;jzifh xdktajc
taeonf 0rf;enf;a-uuGJzG,faomtajctaer[kwfawmhacs? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdkouf0if,kH-unfoltwGuf t&mcyfodrf;udk vG,fulaprnfhtul
tnD ay;rnfjzpfayonf? Tonfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu twdtvif;rdef‹qdkxm;aom
uwdu0wfyifjzpf.? rw&m;pGyfpGJjyKusifhjcif;cH&olESifhywfoufI uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf
wGif atmufygtwdkif; trdef‹&Sdxm;ayonf?
Tonfyif (toifhtm; igt&Sifjrwfajym-um;awmfrlaomta&;udpPrsm;jzpf.)? ‚if;jyif t
-uifolonf rdrd'kuQay;jcif;udk cHcJh&onfESifhtnDtr# jyefvSef'kuQay;cJhavonf? xdk‹aemuf
wpfzef xdkolonf usL;vGefapmfum;jcif;udk cHcJh&jyefonf&Sdaomf rc|wf{uef tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwfonf xdkoltm; ulnDawmfrlrnfjzpf.? {uefpifppf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf tvGefw
&m cGifhv$wfawmfrlaomt&Sif/ tvGefw&m tjypfrSvGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifhay;oem;awmfrlaom
t&Sif trSefyifjzpfawmfrlayownf;? (pl&mtvf[*sf 22;60)
odk‹jzpf&m/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.wefcdk;awmf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tultnDESifh xdk
t&Sifjrwf.&if;ESD;r+ ponfhvrf;onf wpfckwnf;aomvrf;jzpfa-umif;udkod&Sdaom rktfrifef
ouf0if,kH-unfolonf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk rdrd.b0ESifhtouf&Sifjcif;udk tyfESif;xm;
rnfomjzpfayonf? ‚if;onf xdkol‹twGuf taumif;qkH;ESifh tvG,fulqkH;vrf;a-umif;yif
jzpf.? odk‹r[kwfygu/ vlwpfOD;onf olEdkifeif;jcif;r&Sdaom 0efxkyf0efydk;udk xrf;aqmifae
jcif;jzpfayrnf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk r,kH-unfolonf rdrdudk,fudk av;vHaom0efxkyf0ef
ydk;rsm;jzifh zdpD;aejcif;ta-umif;udk bd'lZ…rmefu “-o0g'qkH;pum;rsm;”[laom vuFmwGif
Todk‹oDukH;xm;.?
vlom;onf rdrdudk,fwdkifbmrSrwwfEdkifonfhtjyif uHqdk;rdk;arSmifusa&mufjcif;trsdK;rsdK;
atmufwGif touf&Sifaeayonf? olonfqif;&JEGrf;yg;I ol.vdktyfr+rsm;onf rsm;jym;vS
ayonf? olonf tiftm;csdeJ‹oljzpfI touf&Sifaejcif;onfyif ol‹twGuf tvGef-uD;rm;
aom 0efxkyf0efydk;jzpfaeayonf? tu,fI olonf -uD;us,fjrifhjrwfawmfrlaom wefcdk;
tmEkabmf&Sif tv†m[ft&SifjrwfwGif rdrd.toufESifhudk,fcE<mudk ,kH-unfpdwfcspGm tyfESH
xm;jcif;r&Sdygu ol.twGif;todw&m;onf olk‹tm;'kuQay;±+yfaxG;apvdrfhrnf? tusdK;
aus;Zl;uif;rJhjcif;/ em-unf;r+ESifh 0rf;enf;a-uuGJr+rsm;u n‡if;yef;rdef;armapojzifh/ ol.

57
pdwf"gwfonfvnf; -urf;-uKwfcufxHaom om;&Jwd&pm>efuJhodk‹jzpfoGm;vdrfhrnf? (bd'lZ…
rmef ptD'fEl&fpD. a&mifjcnfwef;rsm;[kac:aom &dqmavhEl;&f&Sd -o0g'qkH;rpum;rsm;rS
q@rajrmuf-o0g'qkH;rpum;)?
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aumif;/ tjcm;olwdk‹awG‹-uHK-u&aomtwd'kuQrsm;udk awG‹jrif&ojzifh aemifwowdw&m;&&Sd
jcif;aomfvnf;aumif;/ r[kwfyg? pifppfrSm ,if;tcsufrsm;onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu T
urBmavmu&Sd b0rsm;udkzefqif;jcif;. trSefw&m;rsm;yifjzpfayonf? xdk‹a-umifh/ xdkt
csufrsm;udk jiif;y,fI qef‹usifbufvdkufemaqmif&Gufaejcif;onf rdrdudk,fudk vSnfhpm;ae
jcif;omv#if jzpfayonf? tqkH;wGif/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk r,kH-unfonfhb0wGif epfjrKwf
ae-uaom todw&m;uif;rJholwdk‹.b0onf pdwf'kuQqif;&Jjcif;tcuftcJrsm;ESifhjynfheuf
vsuf cufxef-urf;-uKwfaom b0jzpfaomfvnf;/ xdktrSefw&m;rsm;udk ,kH-unfolonf
at;csrf;om,m oufomaysmf&$ifpGmaexdkifEdkifayonf? bmomw&m;onf vlwdk‹rnfonfh
tajctaewGifyifa&mufaeapumrl aysmf&$ifoufomacsmifcsdaomb0udkay;tyfayonf?
rktfrifefwdk‹tm; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif atmufygtwdkif;
rdef‹-um;awmfrl.?
owdjyK-uavukef/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.taqGawmfwdk‹tay:Yrlum; wpfpkHwpf&ma-umuf
±GHŒpdk;&drfzG,f&mvnf; &Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwfay? xdk‹jyif ‚if;wdk‹onf 0rf;enf;ylaqG;-urnfvnf;r
[kwfacs?
‚if;wdk‹onf t-uifolwdk‹yif/ xdkolwdk‹onf ‘tDrmef’,kH-unfr+xm;&Sd-uonfhjyif (jypfr+'kp
&dkufrsm;rSvnf;) a&Smif-uOfvsuf &Sd-uukefownf;?
,if;(taqGawmf)wdk‹tzdk‹ avmuDb0wGifvnf;aumif;/ wrvGefb0wGifvnf;aumif;/ 0rf;
ajrmufzG,f&m owif;aumif;onf &Sdayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. tm,wfawmfrsm;Y
ajymif;vJjcif;tvsif;r&Sdacs? Tonfomv#if -uD;us,fjrifhjrwfvSpGmaom atmifjrifr+ay
wnf;? (pl&mtwfawmifbm 10;62=64)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwlnDr+udkomv#if &SmazGjcif;twGuf
tusdK; qkvmbfrsm;?
tu,fItoifonf aocsmpGm*&kpdkuf-unfhygu/ vltrsm;tm;jzifh olwdk‹.b0wck
vkH;wGif rdrdwdk‹.oli,fcsif;rdwfaqGo*F[/ tvkyfcGift-uD;tuJ/ vkyfaz:udkifzuf/ tdrfeD;
csif;/ wynfhaemufvdkuf/ cav;oli,f ponfwdk‹. oabmwlnDr+/ ESpfoufjrwfEdk;cspfcifr+
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xm;&Sdol.b0wpfoufwmvkH;wGif taetxdkift&vnf;aumif;/ 0wfpm;qif,ifykHt&
vnf;aumif;/ ajymqdkaompum;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ aw;oDcsif;oDqdkjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ t
ajccHtm;jzifh tppt&m&mwGif wpfOD;OD;.pdwfauseyfr+udk&,l&ef-udK;yrf;onfudk awG‹&ay
rnf? TuJhodk‹aomb0onf ±+axmifhtrsKd;rsdK;rS-unfhygu/ tvGefcufcJyifyef;I jiD;aiGŒzG,f
aumif;vSayonf? tjcm;ol.oabmwlnDr+ESifh vdkvm;r+udk&&Sd&eftwGuf/ rdrd.todw&m;

58
udkvnf;ESdyfuGyfxm;-u&ayonf? Oyrm/ r-umao;rDu odu|rf;cifrifcJh&aom taygif;t
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rsm;udk n$efjy&ef0efav;aeayvdrfhrnf? Tb0wGif rdrd.ywf0ef;usiftodkif;t0dkif;wGif
txnf;usefb0tjzpf trsm;.0dkif;y,fjcif;udk rcH&avatmif woufwmvkH;wGif rdrd.t
odw&m;udk ESdyfuGyfxm;ae&rnf? tpydkif;wGif tvGefw&muoduatmifhjzpfaomfvnf;/ t
csdef-umjrifhvmonfESifhtr# rdrd.todw&m;rsm;onfvnf; wpwpjzifhaqG;ajrŒysufpD;oGm;
avojzifh/ aemufqkH;wGif trSm;ESifhtrSefudk cGJjcm;Edkifjcif;/ taumif;ESifhtqdk;udkcGJjcm;Edkif
jcif;/ vSyjcif;ESifht&kyfqdk;jcif;udkcGJjcm;odjrifEdkifjcif;/ ponfhpGrf;&nfrsm;vnf; tjyD;tydkif
ysufokOf;oGm;avawmh.?
vltrsm;udk pdwfauseyfap&ef-udK;pm;olwpfa,muftwGuf awG‹-uHK&rnfhtcuftcJ
wpfckrSm/ wpfOD;OD;udkvdkufavsmjcif;jzifh tjcm;wpfOD;udk a'goxGufpdwfqdk;apEdkifjcif;jzpf
.? ol.rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;rsm;udk tvdkvdkufjcif;jzifh rdrd.tdrfaxmifrdom;pk. pdwfnpf
!l;jcif; tvdkrusjcif;udkcH&ayvdrfhrnf? rdrd.tvkyfcGif txuft&m&Sd.ESpfoufauseyfr+
udk &,ljcif;jzifh vkyfaz:udkifzufrsm;. rkef;wD;jcif;rauseyfjcif;udk cH&vdrfhrnf? xdk‹a-umifh/
xdkyk*~dKvf.b0onf tqifrajyjcif;/ wif;rmjcif;ESifh rauseyfr+rsm;ESifhom jynfheufaeaom
b0omv#if jzpfaernfudk cef‹rSef;Edkifayonf?
pdwfapwemt&if;cHoef‹pifaomrGwfpvifrfwpfOD;rSmrlum; tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf. o
abmwlnDr+/ vufcHtwnfjyKr+udk&&Sd&efomv#if -udK;yrf;&SmazGayonf? vltrsm;u ol‹tm;
a0zefajymqdkrnfhta&;onf ta&;r-uD;acs? tav;rxm;ay? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. trdef‹
awmfudk vdkufem&efomv#if ol‹twGufta&;-uD;ayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwl
nDr+ESifh ESpfouftwnfjyKr+udk vufcH&&Sd&eftwGuf -udK;yrf;&if; xdkt&Sifjrwf.trdef‹awmf
twdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;jcif;onfomv#if rSefuefaom usifhpOfvkyf&yfyifjzpf.? tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwf.tvdkawmfustwnfjyKjcif;udkom -udK;yrf;ol. b0tajctaeESifh/ wpfOD;ESifh
wpfOD;oabmxm;jcif;rwdkufqdkif-uaom vltrsm;.tvdkusr+udkomv#if -udK;yrf;&SmazGol
. b0tajctaewdk‹. jcm;em;csufudk/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif
rdef‹qdkxm;ayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf OyrmykHaqmifcsufwpfckudk cdkif;E+dif;awmfrl.? u|efa,mufsm;wpf
a,muf&Sd.? ‚if;Y tcsif;tcsif;oabmuGJvGJroifhjrwfaom zufpyfyg0if ydkifqdkifolrsm;
(vnf;) &Sd-uukef.? xdkrSwyg; tjcm;u|efa,mufsm;wpfa,mufrSmum; vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;
vlwpfOD;wnf;ydkifjzpf.? xdka,mufsm;ESpfOD;wdk‹rSm tajctaetm;jzifh wlEdkif-uavoavm?
(pl&m tvf±lrf; 39;29)
txufygtm,wfawmfwGif &Sif;jyxm;onfhtwdkif;/ vlwpfa,muf.b0wav#muf
wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwlvufcHaomvrf;pOfudkom vdkuf&ef&Sdayonf? bd'lZ…
rmefuvnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwlvufcHjcif;udk &,l&ef-udK;yrf;jcif;onf vG,f
ulqkH;aomb0vrf;a-umif;jzpfonf[k a-ujimxm;avonf?
toifvkyfaqmifaomvkyfief;aqmifwmvkyf&yfrsm;wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. o
abmwlvufcHr+&Sdatmif -udK;yrf;&rnf? tu,fI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu vufcHoabmwlyg

59
u/ wurBmvkH;&Sdtjcm;olrsm;tm;vkH;uoabmrwlaomfvnf; ta&;r-uD;yg? tu,fI xdk
t&Sifjrwfu vufcHoabmwlI wurBmvkH;&Sdtjcm;olrsm;tm;vkH;u oabmrwlvufrcH
aomfvnf;/ rnfodk‹r#rxdcdkufacs? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu oabmwlvufcHonfESifhtr#/
tu,fIxdkt&Sifjrwfu vdkvm;ygu tjcm;olrsm;tm;vkH;uoabmwl vufcHatmif toif
rawmif;qdkaomfvnf; xdkt&Sifjrwfu aqmif&Gufay;vdrfhrnf? (bd'lZ…rmef ptD'fEl&fpD.
a&mifjcnfwef;rsm; [kac:aom &dqmavhEl;&frS 21ckajrmuf a&mifjcnfwef; jzpf.?)
bd'lZ…rmef. TtawG;tac:onf tvGefta&;-uD;ayonf? ‚if;onf pdwf&if;apw
emoef‹pifjcif;ESifh pdwfxufoefr+wdk‹. aomhcsufjzpf.? vlwpfa,mufonf tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwf. tvdkawmfusoabmwlvufcHr+udk&,l&ef -udK;yrf;rSomv#if oef‹&Sif;aompdwf&if;ap
wemt&if;cH&Sdaom rSefuefonfhrGwfpvifrfwpfOD;jzpfEdkifayonf? tu,fI ol.vkyf
aqmifcsufrsm;wGif tjcm;olrsm;.vdkvm;ESpfoufr+udk&&Sd&efomv#if &nf&G,fygu/ olawmf
aumif;a,mifaqmifr+jzpfvmvdrfhrnf? olawmfaumif;a,mifaqmifr+onf TurBmESifh aemif
wrvGefb0 ESpf@mevkH;wGif ysufpD;jcif;tjzpfodk‹a&muf&ef OD;aqmifoGm;vdrfhrnf? yxrqkH;
taejzifh/ tjcm;olwdk‹. oabmwlvufcHr+udkomv#if a&SŒwef;wifolonf/ olar#mfvifhxm;
onfhtwdkif; tjcm;olwdk‹xHrS wefjyefr+udk &&Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs? tjcm;olwdk‹. tvdkudk
vdkuf&ef tpOftjrJ-udK;yrf;aejcif;jzifh rsufESmvdkrsufESm&az:vHzg;oltjzpfodk‹ a&mufoGm;
vdrfhrnf? odk‹aomfvnf; ol.-udK;yrf;r+vkyf&yfrsm;udk tjcm;olwdk‹uoabmusvufcHjcif;
r±SdbJjzpfaeayvdrfhrnf? t&mcyfodrf;udk ydkifpdk;awmfrlI t&mcyfodrf;udk qkH;jzwfydkifcGifh&Sd ol
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfrlum;/ t&Sifjrwf. ESpfouftvdkawmfusjcif;udk &SmazG-udK;yrf;olt
wGuf *sEMwfokcbkHudk ay;oem;awmfrlrnfjzpfI/ xdkokcbkHwGif vlom;rsm;vdktyf&mESifh tvdk
&Sd&mtm;vkH;jynfhpkHpGm&Sdayonf? tv†m[ft±Sifjrwftm; vdkufem&dk-udK;olwdk‹udkomv#if u,f
wifawmfrlrnfjzpfa-umif; twdtvif; a-ujimxm;ayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdk(uk&ftmef)usrf;awmfjrwfjzifh rdrd.ESpfoufr+udk vdkufemaomol
wdk‹tm; jidrf;csrf;om,mjcif;. vrf;rsm;udk jyoawmfrl.? ‚if;jyif ,if;olwdk‹tm; rdrdtrdef‹
awmfESifh (0g) rdrdowfrSwfjyXmef;xm;awmfrlaom Oya'pnf;rsOf;twdkif; “ukzf&f”wnf;[l
aom tarSmifxk-uD;twGif;rS (tpPvmrfwnf;[laom)tvif;a&mifodk‹ xkwf,lydk‹aqmifawmf
rl.? ‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf xdkolwdk‹tm; ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom w&m;vrf;udkvnf; jy
oawmfrl.? (pl&m tvfrmath'[f 5;16)
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. trdef‹awmfudkomv#if vdkufemusifhokH;olwdk‹onf/ TurBm
avmuwGifvnf;aumif;/ aemifwrvGefb0wGifvnf;aumif;/ tvG,fulqkH;/ taumif;qkH;
ESifh aysmf±$ifr+jynfh0qkH;jzpfaomb0udk &&Sdrnfjzpf.?
y&[dw0g'onf vG,fulI
udk,fusdK;udkom-unfhjcif;onf cufcJ.?
tarSmifacwfvl‹tzGJ‹tpnf;rSvlwdk‹onf rdrd.tvdkqENESifh rdrd.tusdK;udkomOD;pGm
pOf;pm;-u.? udpPt00udk vkyfaqmif-u&mwGif “u|Efkyf.aumif;pm;a&;/ u|Ekfyf.aysmf
±$ifr+/ u|Ekfyf.oufomacsmifcsdr+ wdk‹udkOD;pm;ay;&rnf”[laomtawG;tac:&Sd-u.? xdkol

60
wdk‹twGuf rdrdtusdK;udkOD;pm;ray;bJ trsm;tusdK;udkOD;pm;ay;onfh y&[dw0g'onf t
vGefcufcJayonf? wpfudk,faumif;qefjcif;onf Om%fawmfonf/ y&[dw0g'&Sdolonf EkH
xdkif;onf[k ,lq-uayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹twGufrSmrlum;
rdrdudk,fusdK;udk OD;pm;ray;bJ trsm;tusdK;udkOD;pm;ay;aqmif&Gufjcif;onf/ tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwf.tvdkusESpfoufjcif;udk &,l&efjzpfojzifh/ y&[dw0g'onf tv†m[ft±SifjrwfxHrS
vufcH&&Sdaom qkvmbftjzpfoabmydkuf-uaoma-umifh 0wfjyKr+wpfrsKd;tjzpf vG,fulpGm
aqmif&GufEdkifaom udpPjzpfayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rktfrifefwdk‹. y&[dwpdwf"gwfta-umif; uk&ftmefusrf;
awmfjrwfwGif jyqdkxm;awmfrl.?
xdkrSwyg; xdkolwdk‹onf tpm;tpmudk ckHrifpkHruf-uvsufESifhyif xdkt&Sifjrwftm; cspf-unf
jrwfEdk;aoma-umifh olqif;&Jwdk‹tm;vnf;aumif;/ brJhuav;oli,fwdk‹tm;vnf;aumif;/
okH‹yef;wdk‹tm;vnf;aumif;/ a-uG;arG;-uukef.? (xdkolwdk‹u) u|Ekfyfwdk‹onf toifwdk‹tm;
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftm; &nfpl;Iomv#if au|;arG;-u.? toifwdk‹xHrS rnfonfhtusKd;aus;
Zl;udkr#vnf;aumif;/ rnfonfh aus;Zl;wifjcif;udkvnf;aumif;/ &nfpl;-uonfr[kwf? {
uefrvGJ u|Efkyfwdk‹onf u|Ekfyfwdk‹tm;zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaomt&SifjrwftxHawmfrS -urf;
-uKwfcufxefpGmaomae‹udk a-umuf±GHŒpdk;&drf-uukef.([k ajymjy-uukef.)? odk‹jzpfay&m t
v†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ‚if;wdk‹tm; xdkae‹.ab;tEW&m,frS vGwfuif;apawmfrlayrnf? ‚if;
jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf xdkolwdk‹tm; ±$ifvef;r+ESifhvnf;aumif;/ 0rf;ajrmufaysmf±$ifr+ESifhvnf;
aumif;/ awG‹-uHKapawmfrlayrnf? (pl&m tvf'[f&f 76;8=11)
rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwpfOD;onf/ rdrd.udk,fusdK;udkomr-unfhbJ trsm;t
usdK;udkyg-unfhI tppt&m&maqmif&Gufjcif;onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwlESpf
oufjcif;udk&&SdI aemifwrvGefb0wGif ppfrSefaom csrf;omokcudkcsD;jr‡ifhjcif;cH&rnfh qk
vmbfwdk‹onf oltepfemcHpGef‹usJonfhtenf;i,faomt&mrsm;ESifhpmv#if tvGef-uD;us,f
onfudk odxm;ayonf? TurBmavmu&Sd vl‹b0onf oufwef;tm;jzifhwdkawmif;I acwW
c%omjzpfonfhjyif/ csdKŒ,Gif;csufrsm;ESifh jynfheufvsuf&Sd.? rktfrifefwdk‹onf rdrday;urf;
pGef‹usJaomOpPmypPnf; rnfr#yifrsm;jym;apumrl/ rdrdutjcm;oludkjyKaomtusdK;rnfr#yif-uD;
us,fapumrl/ xdkolwdk‹xHrS aus;Zl;qyfjcif;udk awmifhwar#mfvifhjcif;r&Sdacs?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ xdkolu trsm;tusdK;twGuftepfemcHjcif;ESifh ay;urf;pGef‹
usJaom twdkif;twmxuf TurBmavmuwGifvnf; tqaygif;rsm;pGmrsm;jym;aom OpPm
ypPnf;csrf;om-uG,f0r+ aumif;csD;r*Fvmay;OD;rnfjzpfa-umif; uwdjyKxm;ayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftm; rGefjrwfvSpGmaom a-uG;rDacs;iSm;rnfholonf rnfolenf;? odk‹acs;
iSm;jcif;tm;jzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ,if;uJhodk‹aomacs;iSm;jcif;. tusdK;udk xdkoltbdk‹
tqaygif;ajrmufjrm;pGm wdk;yGm;apawmfrltHh? (pl&mtvfbuU&m 2;245)
rdrdwdk‹. OpPmypPnf;rsm;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. vrf;awmfY ay;urf;vSL'gef;okH;pGJolwdk‹.
(tvSLypPnf;rsm;onf) t-uifrsdK;aphESifh tvm;wl.? ,if;rsdK;aphonf aumufESHckepfESHudk
aygufa&mufap.? xdkaumufESHtoD;oD;wdk‹wGif taphaygif;w&mpDyg&Sdavonf? pifppfrl

61
um; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf &ufa&mpGmay;oem;awmfrlaomt&Sif/ t&mcyfodrf;wdk‹udk t
-uGif;r&Sdodawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrlavownf;? t-uifolwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹. OpPmypPnf;
rsm;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.vrf;awmfY ay;urf;vSL'gef;okH;pGJ-uukef.? xdkuJhodk‹ay;urf;
pGef‹-uJokH;pGJjyD;onfhaemuf ,if;olwdk‹onf (rdrdwdk‹ pGef‹-uJay;urf;aom olqif;&Jwdk‹tm;)
*k%faz:jcif;vnf;rjyK-uacs? xdkuJhodk‹aomolwdk‹tbdk‹ ,if;olwdk‹tm; arG;jrLawmfrlaomt
&Sifjrwf.txHawmfY ukodkvftusdK;rsm;&Sdonf? ,if;olwdk‹tbdk‹ rnfonfhpdk;&drfa-umifh-u
jcif;r#vnf;r&Sd? ,if;olwdk‹onf ylaqG;-urnfvnf;r[kwfacs? (pl&mtvfbuU&m
2;261=262)
tv†m[ft&SifjrwfESifh aemifwrvGefb0udk r,kH-unfolwdk‹twGufrSmrlum;/ tepfem
cHjcif;onf -uD;us,faomqkH;±+H;r+jzpfojzifh olwdk‹.udk,fusdK;twGuf xdcdkufepfemonf[k
jrif-uayonf? tvGef-uD;us,faom qkvmbf&&Sdrnfhta&;udk qdk;&Gm;aomqkH;&+H;jcif;[kxif
-uayonf? xdkolwdk‹onf/ wudk,faumif;twWtusdK;twGuf rdrdwdk‹ydkifqdkifaoma±$aiGOpPm
ypPnf;rsm;udk rdrdwdk‹.vufxJrS rvGwfxGufoGm;ap&ef pdwfyifyef;vsuf&Sd-uayonf? rdrdwdk‹
.tdrfwGif;Y aeonfhtcsdefwGifyif pdwfvufoufomr+r&Sd/ pdk;&drfylyefvsuf&Sd-u.? ol
wdk‹.rdwfaqGo*F[rsm; vma&mufvnfywfjcif;onfyif olwdk‹twGuf taESmuft,Suf jzpf
aeonf? xdkolwdk‹onf b0.jiD;aiGŒzG,faomqkwf,kwfr+rsm;jzifh rdrdudk,fudk ESdyfpufae-u
ojzifh/ ajrmufjrm;vSaomaumif;Edk;&m&mpdwfoufomr+rsm;udk vufv$wfae-uavonf?
cGifhv$wfjcif;onf vlwpfOD;twGuf taumif;qkH;jzpfI
tusKd;aus;Zl;trsm;qkH;&Sd.?
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf pl&mt±Sf±SL&m 42;25 wGif/
“pifppfaomfum; xdkt&Sifjrwfonf t-uift&Sifjrwfyifjzpfawmfrl.? xdkt&Sifjrwfonf
rdrdu|efrsm;.0efcsawmif;yefjcif;udk vufcHawmfrl.? ‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf jypfr+
'kp&dkufwdk‹udk cGihfv$wfawmfrl.? xdkrSwyg; xdkt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹jyKvkyfor#wdk‹udk
odawmfrl.?”[kjyqdkxm;.? Ttm,wfawmfwGif az:jyxm;onfhtwdkif; tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwfonf cGifhv$wfaomt&Sifjrwf jzpfawmfrl.? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ouf0if,kH-unfol
rktfrifefwdk‹onf/ ‚if;udk,fusifhw&m;udk &if0,faxG;ydkufI ,kwfrmr+ESifh-uHKawG‹ &ifqdkif
aomtcg/ cGifhv$wfEdkifjcif;arwWmw&m;jzifh aumufuspfpOf;vJaomtEW&m,frsm;udk yaysmuf
apEdkifayonf? aumufuspfpOf;vJr+udk vpfvsL±+I onf;cHjcif;cEWDw&m;jzifh uvJhpm;
acsjcif;r&Sdjcif;onf/ bmomw&m;udk udkif;±+dif;olwdk‹. t&nftcsif;omjzpfonfrSm ,kHrSm;
oHo,r&SdEdkifacs? Todk‹usifh-uHjyKrljcif;twGuf csD;jr‡ifhcH&rnfhqkvmbfonfum; tv†m[f
t±Sifjrwf. vufcHoabmwljcif;ESifh t±Sifjrwf. cspfjcif;arwWmyifjzpfayonf? uk&ftmef
usrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu Todk‹rdef‹qdkxm;awmfrl.?
xdkolawmfpifrsm;onf pD;yGm;wdk;wufacsmifvnfpGm&Sdaom tcsdeftcgrsm;Yvnf;aumif;/
qif;&J'kuQa&muf&Sdaomtcgrsm;Yvnf;aumif;(tcsdefra±G;) ay;urf;pGef‹-uJ vSL'gef;-uukef
.? (xdkolawmfpOfrsm;onf) trsufa'goudk csKyfwnf;rsdKodyfaomolrsm;vnf; jzpf-uukef
.? vlom;wdk‹tm; cGifhv$wfolrsm;vnf; jzpf-uukef.? pifppftv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf

62
(,if;odk‹) aumif;r+jyKvkyfaomolrsm;tm; ESpfoufawmfrlacsownf;? (pl&mtmavhtDrf&mef
3;134)
tjypf'kp&dkufjyKvkyfjcif;udk -uifemr+jzifhwkef‹jyefjcif;jzifh xdkoltwGuftjyif ol.
ywf0ef;usif&Sd vltrsm;twGufyg {csrf;om,mpGmaexkdifEdkifaom t&yfa'otajctaeudk
zefwD;ay;avonf? xdkuJhodk‹aomtajctaeonf/ oufomacsmifcsdr+tjyif/ {csrf;om,mr+
±SdI/ tqufrjywfuvJhpm;acsjcif;/ rkef;wD;a'goxGufjcif;ESifh &efbufjyKrljcif;wdk‹ESifh jynfh
eufaeaom tkyfcsKyfr+atmufwGif aexdkifjcif;xuf ydkrdkaumif;rGef tqifhjrifhayonf? vlwpf
OD;twGuf rdrd.a'gorkef;wD;r+rsm;udk csKyfwD;jcif;onf/ yxrwGif tvGefcufcJcH&cufaomf
vnf;/ aemifwGif trsm;.cspfcifjcif;/ av;pm;jcif;ESifh {csrf;om,mpGmaexdkifEdkifjcif; &&Sd
vdrfhrnf? Tum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmfrsm;wGif rdef‹
-um;xm;awmfrlaom tcsufrsm;yifjzpf.?
trSefpifppfaomfum; aumif;r+ESifhraumif;r+wdk‹rSm wl-uonfr[kwfay/ (odk‹jzpfay&m) t
oifonf (raumif;r+udk) aumif;r+jzifh ckcHwGef;vSefygav? odk‹jzpfv#if t-uifolESifh toif
.t-um;Y &efjidK;&Sd./ xdkolonf rdwfaqGt&if;uJhodk‹jzpfvmayrnf?
odk‹wapvnf; ,if;aumif;jrwfaomenf;[lonf onf;cHaomolwdk‹omv#if ay;oem;jcif;cH
-u&ayonf? xdkenf;wlpGm ,if;aumif;jrwfaomenf;[lonf -uD;us,fpGmaom a0pka0ykHudk
ydkifqdkifaomolonfom ay;oem;jcif;udk cH&avonf? (pl&m[mrDrf=p*sf'[f 41;34=35)
udk,fusifhw&m;aumif;rGefjcif;twGuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwdk‹tm; aumif;rGef
I vG,fulaomb0udkay;awmfrl.? cGifhv$wfjcif;r&Sdaomvludk ol‹tm;rkef;wD; &GH&Smae-u
aom &efolrsm; ywfvnf0dkif;vsuf&Sdaeonf? odk‹aomfvnf; cGifhv$wfwwfaomoludkum; T
urBmavmuwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu oufomacsmifcsdI jidrf;csrf;om,monfhb0ay;
onfhtjyif ol‹tm;cspfcifaomrdwfaqGo*F[rsm;jzifh jynfheufapvdrfhrnf?
ÁajEN&SdI yv$m;0ifh-uGm;r+r&Sdaomb0onf vG,fulI
oufomacsmifcsd.?
armufrmyv$m;I rdrdudk,fudk txif-uD;jcif;onf/ cufcJr+'kuQtrsdK;rsdK;ay;Edkif.?
yv$m;0ifh-uGm;r+r&SdbJ tawmftoifhjzifhÁajEN&Sdaomaexdkifr+onf vlwpfa,muftm; ouf
omacsmifcsdr+ESifh at;csrf;om,mr+udk ay;aqmifayonf? armufrmyv$m;olonf rdrd. t
pGrf;tp t&nftcsif;tm;vkH;udk rdrdudk,fwdkif ydkifqdkifonf[kxifavonf? Oyrm/ xdkol
onf rdrd.OD;aESmufonf tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfu ay;oem;awmfrlaom qkvmbfwpfckjzpf
onfudk rpOf;pm;bJ rdrd.todOm%fxufjrufjcif;udk 0ifh-uGm;avonf? xdk‹xufwqifh
wufvmaomf/ ol.ywf0ef;usif&Sd vloltm;vkH;onf rdrdxuf tqifhedrfholrsm;tjzpf txif
ao;avonf? xdkuJhodk‹aomtrltusifha-umifh ol.ywf0ef;usif&Sdvltrsm;onf xdkol‹tm;
rESpfouf-uawmhbJ qef‹usif-uavonf? tcsdKŒolwdk‹u xdkolonf rdrdwdk‹tm; apmfum;
tEdkifusifhEdkifaoma-umifh xdkol‹tm; av;pm;jcif;udkjy-uonf? xdkuJhodk‹aomav;pm;r+onf
pdwfwGif;ESvkH;om;rS xGufvmaomav;pm;r+r[kwfbJ/ xdkol.a'gotEW&m,frS vGwf
ajrmuf&efomv#if jzpfayonf? xdk‹a-umifh armufrmaomolonf/ ol‹tm; trSefwu,f cspf

63
cifaom rdwfaqGppfrdwfaqGrSef r±Sdacs? a,mifaqmifaomav;pm;r+om &Sd-uaomolrsm;jzifh
ywfvnf0dkif;vsuf&Sdaeayonf?
yv$m;0ifh-uGm;armufrmol. aemufxyfcsdKŒ,Gif;csufwpfckrSm/ rdrdwGif rnfonfhcsdKŒ
,Gif;csufr# r&SdouJhodk‹ [efaqmifaewwfjcif;yifjzpfayonf? txufwGif OyrmaqmifcJh
aom yk*~dKvfonf ol‹udk,folOm%ftxufjrufqkH;/ todqkH;tawmfqkH;[k ajymqdk0ifh-uGm;avh
&Sdayrnf? ol.trSm;udk b,faomtcgrS 0efcHjcif;jyKrnfr[kwfacs? olonf trSm;wpfckck
udkjyKrdaomtcg/ tjcm;olrsm;u ol.trSm;udk owdrjyKrdatmif trsdK;rsdK;enf;jzifh zkH;uG,f
&ef-udK;pm;aeayvdrfhrnf? wcgw&H ol‹trSm;twGuf vdrfvnfjcif;yif jyKvdrfhrnf? xdkuJhodk‹
jyKrljcif;jzifh/ ol.wefzdk;udk oludk,fwdkif av#mhcsvsuf&Sdayrnf? odk‹aomfvnf;/ vlom;rsm;
onf/ csdKŒ,Gif;csufrsm;ESifh jynfheufaeonfhtjyif/ ckcHEdkifpGrf;r&Sdonfh aysmhuGufrsm;ESifh jynfh
eufvsuf&Sdayonf? TurBmavmuwGif touf&Sifaeaomb0wGifvnf; trsdK;rsdK;tzkHzkH
prf;oyfjcif;udk cH-u&ayonf? xdk‹a-umifh vlwdk‹onf csdKŒ,Gif;csuf&Sdjcif;ESifh trSm;jyKrdjcif;wdk‹
onf/ jzpf&dk;jzpfpOf"rRwmjzpfayonf? xdkcsKdŒ,Gif;csufESifh trSm;rsm;udk vltrsm;rodatmif
zkH;uG,f&ef-udK;yrf;aejcif;onf t"dy`g,fuif;rJhI vdktyfr+vnf;r&Sdacs? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf
onf t&mcyfodrf;udk odjrifawmfrlI/ vlom;rsm;onf csdKŒ,Gif;csufrsm;ESifhjynfhvsuf tm;EGJŒ
aomowW0gjzpfa-umif;/ rdrdudk tjcm;olrsm;.tjriftwGufxuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.
tjrifwGif wifhw,favsmufywf&ef ydkrdkta&;-uD;a-umif;/ ponfwdk‹udk owdw&m;&Sdaeol
onf/ t&m&mwGif vG,fulat;csrf;om,maomb0udk &&Sdayrnf? xdkol.ykckH;onf cufcJ
r+0efxkyf0efydk;rsm;a-umifh udkif;nGwfoGm;jcif;&Sdrnfr[kwf?
rdrdwGif&Sdaom t&nftcsif;wpfckcka-umifh rdrdudk,fudk tjcm;olrsm;xuf ydkrdktqifh
jrifh-uD;us,fonf[k txif-uD;jcif;onfvnf; vlwpfOD;udky&da'0aomu zdpD;apaomt&m
wpfckjzpfayonf? Tonfum; ±+difwGmefrm&fewf. trltusifhyifjzpf.? tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwfu urBmOD;yxrvlom;jzpfaom tm'rf(tvdkif==)udkzefqif;pOfu ±+difwGmefESifhtwl
aumif;uifwrefrvmathumwdk‹tm; tm'rf(tvdkif==)udkOD;cs&ef trdef‹ay;cJhavonf?
aumif;uifwrefrvmathumwdk‹u aumif;rGefaomudk,fusifhw&m;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkH-uaom
a-umifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.trdef‹awmfudk csufcsif;vdkufemI OD;cs-u.? odk‹aomfvnf;/
±+dkifwGmefÁAfvDpfu atmufygtwdkif; ta-umif;jyum trdef‹awmfudk jiif;qefcJhavonf?
xdk“ÁAfvDpf”u (tdk=t&Sifjrwf/)u|efawmfrsdK;onf xdkvlom;xuf jrifhjrwfygonf? t&Sif
jrwfonf u|efawmfrsKd;tm; rD;jzifhzefqif;awmfrlI xdkvlom;udkrlum; ±$HŒajrjzifh zefqif;
awmfrlcJhygonf[k av#mufxm;cJhavonf? (pl&mqGm'f 38;76)
rdrdudk,fudk tjcm;olrsm;xufydkrdkjrifhjrwftqifhjrifhonf[k txif-uD;jcif;uyif/ ±d+if
wGmeftm; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.trdef‹awmfudk ykefuefjiif;y,fEdkifavmufatmif rdkufrJcuf
xefapcJhayonf?
rdrdudk,fudk tjcm;olrsm;xuf jrifhjrwfonf[k txif-uD;ojzifh rSefuefaombmom
w&m;rS vrf;vGJoGm;aomolrsm;ta-umif;udkvnf;/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif jyqdkxm;
ayonf? Oyrm/ “igwdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. om;orD;rsm;vnf;jzpf-uonf/ xdkt&Sif
jrwf. tcspfawmfrsm;vnf;jzpf-uonf”(pl&mtvfrmath'[f 5;18)[kajymqdk-u&if; ,[l

64
'DESifh c&pf,mefrsm;onf vrf;vGJoGm;-uayonf? odk‹aomfvnf;/ ‚if;wdk‹tygt0if vlom;
rsm;tm;vkH;wdk‹onf tiftm;csdeJ‹olrsm;jzpfI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfzefqif;awmfrlaom owW0g
a0ae,srsm;omv#if jzpf-uayonf? vlwdkif;onf tv†m[ft&SifjrwfowfrSwfaom uH-u
rRmtwdkif;omv#if touf&SifEdkif-uayonf? rnfolur# rdrd.yifudk,ft&nftcsif;udk ydkrdk
omvGefjrifhjrwfoGm;atmif zefwD;pGrf;aqmifEdkifjcif; r&Sdacs? vlwdk‹. jrifhjrwfr+udk wpfOD;pD
. bmoma&;udkif;±+dif;r+ESifh tv†m[ft&SifjrwfESifheD;uyfjcif;jzifhomv#if wdkif;wmEdkifay
onf?
rdrdudk,fudk tjcm;olrsm;xuf omvGefjrifhjrwftqifhjrifhonf[k xif-uolrsm;t
wGuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu atmufygtwdkif; tajzay;awmfrl.?
(tdk=eADwrefawmf toifonf ‚if;wdk‹tm; Todk‹)ar;jref;ygav? (tcsif;wdk‹) odk‹jzpfv#if
xdkt&Sifjrwfonf tb,fha-umifh toifwdk‹tm; toifwdk‹. tjypfrsm;a-umifh jypf'%fpD&if
awmfrlygoenf;? trSefrSm toifwdk‹onfvnf; xdkt&Sifjrwf zefqif;awmfrlonfh (vlom;
rsm;)teufrS vlomrefrsm;yifjzpf-uayonf? xdkt&Sifjrwfonf rdrdtvdk±Sdawmfrlaomoludk
vGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifh ay;oem;awmfrlI rdrdtvdk±Sdawmfrlaomoludk jypf'%fay;awmfrl.?
trSefrSm rdk;rsm;ESifh urBmajr-uD;udk‚if;/ xdkrdk;ESifhajr.pyf-um;wGif &Sd&Sdor#aomt&mrsm;udk
‚if; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfomv#if pdk;ydkifawmfrlonf? ‚if;jyif (vlcyfodrf;wdk‹onf) xdkt&Sif
jrwfbufawmfodk‹omv#if jyefvnfa&muf-u&rnfomwnf;? (pl&mtvfrmath'[f 5;18)
rdrdudk,fudk vdkavao;r&Sd jyD;jynfhpkHoltjzpf cH,ljcif;onf vlwdk‹tm; tvGef-uD;av;
aom0efxkyf0efydk;jzpfap.? olwdk‹.ywf0ef;usiftaygif;taz:rsm;t-um;wGif xl;uJolt
jzpfcH,ljcif;a-umifh rdrd.trlt&mrsm;udkvnf; tpOfojzifh [efudk‹jcif; [efaqmifjcif;rsm;
jzifh xdef;ae&ayonf? Oyrm/ tpnf;ta0;wpfckckwufaomtcgwGif/ taumif;qkH;rdef‹cGef;
ay;ol jzpfvdkonf? taumif;qkH;t0wfudk 0wfqifEdkifol jzpfvdkonf? tawmfqkH;txifay:
qkH;t-uHOm%f ay;Edkifoljzpfvdkonf? ol‹tm;vltrsm;qkH;tm&kHpdkufapvdkonf? ae&mxdkifcif;
udkvnf; txifay:qkH;taumif;qkH;ae&mudk a&G;xdkifavh&Sdayrnf? trsm;u ol‹tm; *&krrlrd
jcif;udk auseyfEdkifrnfr[kwfay? xdk‹a-umifh xdkolonf tpOfojzifh tyfc|efxdyfwGif xdkifae
&ouJhodk‹ cHpm;ae&ayrnf? ol.trltusifhonf b,faomtcgr# obm0twdkif; &dk;&dk;
pif;pif; r&SdEdkifawmhacs? ol.vkyfaqmifr+rSefor#onf tacstaeESifhudkufnDatmif -udKwif
pOf;pm;I jyifqifxm;jcif;jzpf&rnf? xdkuJhodk‹ vkyfaqmifae&jcif;onf xkdoltwGuf-uD;av;
aom 0efxkyf0efydk;udk xrf;aqmifae&aomwm0ef-uD;jzpfaeonfudk tm;vkH;awG‹jrifEdkif
ayonf?
xdk‹xufydkonfhtcsufum;/ xdkuJhodk‹aom vlwdk‹onf b,faomtcgr# olwdk‹ar#mfrSef;
aom yef;wdkifodk‹ ra&mufEdkif-uacs? xkdol. armufrm0ifh-uGm;jcif;onf ywf0ef;usifvlwdk‹
.rkef;wD;jcif;ESifh a'goxGufjcif;wdk‹udkom zefwD;jzpfay:apI/ xdkolydkifqkdifaomt&mrsm;
udk qkH;±+H;onfhtcgwGif 0rf;enf;ausuGJpGmjzifh rdrd.b0udk em-unf;avawmhonf? armuf
rm0ifh-uGm;olwdk‹onf olwdk‹ar#mfrSef;aomyef;wdkifodk‹ b,faomtcgr# ra&mufEdkif-ua-umif;
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmfrsm;wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu rdef‹qdkxm;awmfrl.?

65
{uefpifppf rdrdwdk‹xH rnfonfhoufaotaxmuftxm;wpfpkHwpf&mr# a&mufvmcJhonfr&Sd
bJvsufyif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. tm,wfawmfrsm;Y tjiif;yGm;vsuf &Sd-uukefaomolwdk‹
. pdwfESvkH;om;rsm;wGif rmefrme-uD;jcif;rSwyg;/ tjcm;wpfpkHwpf&mr&Sday? (pifppfaomf
um;) ‚if;wdk‹onf ,if;rmefrme-uD;Edkifaomtqifhtwef;odk‹ a&muf&SdEdkif-urnfholrsm; r
[kwfjyD? odk‹jzpfay&m toifonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. tumtuG,fay;r+udk awmif;cHyg
av? {uefrvGJ xdkt&Sifjrwfonf t-uGif;rJh-um;awmfrlaomt&Sif/ t-uGif;rJhjrifawmfrlaom
t&Sif/ jzpfawmfrlayownf;? (pl&mtvfrktfrDElef 40;56)
ydkIta&;-uD;aomtcsufrSm/ xdkarmufrmyv$m;aomolwdk‹onf/ &nfrSef;aomyef;wdkif
udk qGwfcl;Edkifjcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif/ tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf. cspfESpfoufjcif;udkvnf; vufv$wf
-u&ayonf? Tta-umif;ESifhywfoufI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmeftm,wfawmfrsm;
wGif rdef‹qdkxm;ayonf?
‚if;jyif toifonf vlwdk‹a&SŒ0,f rdrdrsufESmudk plIrxm;avESifh? xdk‹jyif toifonf yx
0Dajr0,f armf-uGm;vsufvrf;rav#mufavESifh? {ueftrSef tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rnf
onfhpdwfxm;armufrmol/ txif-uD;ol/ 0g-uGm;ol/ *k%farmufolwdk‹udk ESpfoufawmfrlonf
r[kwfay? (pl&mvkufrmef 31;18)
yv$m;0ifh-uGm;r+r&Sdaomolwdk‹onf/ armufrmyv$m;aomolwdk‹cHpm;&aomzdpD;r+ aom
u'%f em-unf;r+rsm;udk rcHpm;-u&acs? vlwdkif;onf taumif;qkH;jzpfaomt&mudk ydkifqdkif
vdkjcif;/ taumif;qkH;tawmfqkH;jzpfvdk-uonfomjzpfayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; xdkvdkvm;csuf
rsm;onf urBmavmuwGif vltrsm;.a&SŒwGif 0ifh-uGm;Edkif&efESifh tjcm;vlwdk‹. av;pm;r+
udk &&Sd&efudkom &nf&G,fjcif;onf tusdK;rJhqkH;jzpfayonf? rdrdudk,fudk ESdrfhcsaomolwdk‹
onfum;/ xdkt&mrsm;udkvdkvm;jcif;onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. cspfESpfoufvufcHoabm
wlr+ESifh xdkt&SifjrwftxHawmfrS qkvmbf&&Sd&eftwGufudkomv#if &nfrSef;-uayonf? xdk
olonf/ wpkHwckatmifjrifr+&&Sdv#ifaomfvnf;aumif;/ t&nftcsif;wckckjynfhpkHvmv#if
aomfvnf;aumif;/ ,if;wdk‹onf rdrd.tpGrf;tprsm;jzifh &&Sdonf[k r,lqbJ/ tv†m[ft
&SifjrwfxHawmfrS &&Sdaom aumif;csD;r*Fvmqkvmbfjzpfonf[k vufcH,lqayonf? xdkol
onf/ tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfudk aus;Zl;Oyum,wif&SdI/ rdrdvufcH&&Sdaom atmifjrifr+/
vSyjcif;ESifh aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;udk ol.a&SŒa&;uH-urRm ydkrdkaumif;rGefap&ef &nfpl;ay
onf? xdk‹a-umifh xdkolonf/ xdkt&mrsm;rS wckckudk vufv$wfvdkuf&jcif;jzifh 0rf;enf;a-u
uGJjcif;r&Sdacs? ,if;onfuyif ol‹twGufprf;oyfcH&jcif;jzpfonf[kvufcHxm;um tv†m[f
t&SifjrwfY ,kH-unfr+xm;&Sdayonf? atmifjrifjcif;ESifh qkH;±+H;jcif;twGuf t,lcHawmif;qkd
jcif;r&Sdacs? xdkt&mrsm;tm;vkH;onf/ TurBmavmuwGif oltouf&SifaepOftwGif; prf;
oyfcH&jcif;omv#ifjzpfa-umif; od&Sdxm;ojzifh/ xdktodw&m;uyif ol‹tm; jidrf;csrf;om,m
aomb0udk &&Sdapayonf?
armufrmyv$m;aomol.b0ESifh 0ifh-uGm;jcif;r&Sd &dk;&dk;om;om;aexdkifol.b0 jcm;
em;csufudk bd'lZ…refqtD'fEl&fpDu atmufygtwdkif; wdkwdkESifhvdk&if;udk az:jyxm;ayonf?

66
 “rdrdudk,fudk tvGeftqifhjrifhonf[k txif-uD;olonf uHqdk;rdk;arSmifusI tcuf
tcJESifh &ifqdkif&.? rdrdudk,fudk txifr-uD;olonf aysmf±$ifI u&k%moufjcif;udk vufcH
&&Sdayonf?” (bd'lZ…refqtD'fEl&fpD. &dqmavhEl;&frS 23apmifajrmuf ay;pm)
vG,fuljcif;ESifh jidrf;csrf;om,mr+onf ajzmifhrwfr+ESifh&dk;om;r+wdk‹rS pwifayonf?
todw&m;uif;rJholonf/ twd'kuQa&mufaomtcgY raumif;r+udk-uL;vGef&efom OD;pGm
csufcsif; pdwful;rd.? xdkuJhodk‹jyKrljcif;onf/ ol‹udk twd'kuQrSvGwfajrmufapvdrfhrnf[k
xifonf? trSefrSm rajzmifhrwfr&dk;om;jcif;ESifh vSnfhpm;vdrfvnfjcif;onf rdrdudk,fudk t
-uD;us,fqkH; 'kuQay;avonf? tm;vkH;xuf/ vdrfvnfolonf rdrd.vdrfvnfuvdrfus
jcif;udk tjcm;olrsm;odoGm;I 'kuQa&mufrnfudk tjrJa-umuf&GHŒpdk;&drfae.? rdrd.vdrfvnf
r+twGuf tpOfojzifh vdyfjymrvkHae&onfh 'kuQonfvnf; tjrJzdpD;vsuf&Sdaeayonf? xdk
uJhodk‹wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;ae-uonfh vl‹tzGJ‹tpnf;todkif;t0dkif;onfvnf;/
olawmfaumif;a,mifaqmifae-uonfh a-umifolawmftodkif;t0dkif;omv#if jzpfaeayonf?
wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tjrJoHo,&Sdae-uojzifh/ ao;zGJaomudpPwGifyif ,kH-unfEdkifjcif;r&Sd-u
acs? Oyrm/ topfpufpuf0,fvmcJhaom rdrdt0wftxnfudk rnfodk‹rnfykHxifygoenf;[k
ar;onfqdkygpdk‹/ pdwf&if;apwemt&if;cHjzpfaom rSefuefonfhtajzudk&&Sdrnfr[kwfa-umif;
tpueOD;uyif -udKwifodxm;ESifhjyD;jzpfonf? vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;r+ESifh [efaqmifr+jynfheuf
vsuf&Sdaom qufqHa&;wGif ESvkH;om;rSrSefuefonfh rdwfaqGjzpfjcif; r&SdEdkifay?
odk‹aomfvnf;/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk a-umuf&GHŒ&dkaoaomvlwpfa,muftwGuf/ &dk;
om;ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf tvGefta&;-uD;ayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlom;wdk‹&dk;om;
ajzmifhrwf-u&ef trdef‹ay;xm;.?
tdk=rktfrifef ouf0if,kH-unfoltaygif;wdk‹/ toifwdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftm; a-umuf
±GHŒ-uavukef? xdkrSwyg; toifwdk‹onf wnf-unfajzmifhrwfaompum;udk ajymqdk-uav
ukef? (pl&mtvft[fZmbf 33;70)
wnf-unfajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh &dk;om;rSefuefr+onf rktfrifefwdk‹tm; aumif;rGefI pdwf
csEdkifaom om,mr+udk ay;aqmifayonf? Oyrm/ rktfrifefwpfOD;onf rdrdvkyfrdaomtrSm;
udk zkef;uG,fxm;jcif;r&Sdacs? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ol‹tm;apmifh
-unfhaeojzifh olvkyfor#tppt&m&mudk od&Sdawmfrla-umif;udk owd&Sdaeaoma-umifh/
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.a±SŒawmfarSmufwGif aemifww&m;&±Sdum tjypfrScGifhv$wfyg&ef awmif;
yefavonf? tjcm;rktfrifefwpfOD;OD;u odoGm;v#ifvnf; trSeftwdkif; 0efcH.? tjcm;rktf
rifefrsm;uvnf; ol.&dk;om;ajzmifhrwfr+udk tcGifhaumif;,lrnfr[kwfa-umif;udk od.? ol
. ±dk;om;pGmtrSm;0efcHjcif;a-umifh ol‹tm;ydkIvufcHav;pm;,kH-unf-uayonf? tb,hf
a-umifhqdkaomf/ &dk;om;ajzmifhrwfI uG,f0Sufxm;jcif;/ rouFmzG,ftrlt&muif;rJhjcif;&Sd
onfhyk*~dKvf. ywf0ef;usif&Sdvlrsm;twGuf tjrJoufawmifhoufomjzpfapavonf? xdkuJh
odk‹aomyk*~Kdvfrsm; pka0;aexdkif&mt&yfonf r*Fvmtaygif;ESifh jynfhpkH.? ±dk;om;ajzmifhrwf
olwdk‹onf apmfum;cH&jcif;ESifh cufcJr+rsm;rS vGwfuif;Edkifayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf
&dk;om;ajzmifhrwfwnf-unfolwdk‹tm;/ aysmf&$ifI ,kH-unfpdwfcs&aomb0tajctaeudk zef

67
wD;ay;awmfrl.? aemifwrvGefb0wGif xdkolwdk‹&&Sd-urnfh tusdK;w&m;onfvnf; tvGef
w&m-uD;us,faom aumif;csD;r*FvmESifh jynfhpkHayvdrfhrnf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf (Todk‹)rdef‹-um;awmfrlvwHh? ,ae‹rlum; rSefuefolrsm;tbdk‹/ ‚if;
wdk‹.rSefuefr+onf tusdK;ay;onfhae‹yifjzpfacsonf? xdk(rSefuefolrsm;)tbdk‹ t-uifO
,smOfrsm;onf (tqifoifh)&Sd-uaytHh? xdkO,smOfrsm;.atmufrS prf;a&acsmif;rsm;onf pD;
axGvsuf&Sd-uvwWHŒ? ‚if;wdk‹onf xdkO,smOfrsm;wGif tjrJxm0pOf aexdkif(pHjref;)-uukeftHh?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ‚if;wdk‹tay:Y auseyfawmfrljyD;jzpfawmfrl.? ‚if;wdk‹onfvnf; xdk
t&Sifjrwftay:Y auseyfjyD;jzpf-uukef.? Tonfum; xl;uJjrifhjrwfvSpGmaom (aZ,swk
r*Fvm) atmifjrifr+-uD;yifwnf;? (pl&mtvfrmath'[f 5;119)

aumif;rGefaom udk,fusifhw&m;udk xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;onf

vlwdkif;twGuf vG,fulI oufomap.?
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif az:jyxm;aom aumif;rGefonfh udk,fusifhw&m;rsm;udk
usifh-uHxdef;odrf;jcif;onf ppfrSefaom vG,fulr+ESifh jidrf;csrf;om,mr+udk &±Sda-umif; Oy
rmtcsdKŒay;cJhygonf? ,if;Oyrmrsm;udk xyfrHIcsJŒxGifjyEdkifygao;onf? raumif;r+'kp&dkuf
ESifhuif;uGmI/ tusifhqdk;rsm;udka±Smif-uOfum aumif;aomudk,fusifhw&m;udkom usifh-uH
olonf/ aemufxyfaysmf±$ifr+wpfck&&SdEdkifygonf? ,Qifu tjcm;oludk remvdk0efwdkwwf
aomolwpfOD;onf/ vSyr+rsm;ESifh vlaumif;olaumif;wdk‹. atmifjrifr+rsm;rS aysmf±$ifESpf
oufzG,f&mrsm;udk pwifvufcH&&Sdayvdrfhrnf? Oyrm/ oltpOfremvdkcJhbl;aom taygif;t
az:wpfOD;. vSyr+udk-unfhI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.zefqif;jcif;udk csD;rGrf;I tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwf. aumif;csD;r*Fvmtjzpfjrifvmayrnf? ,Qifu tao;tzGJudpPtwGufudkyif onf;cH
Edkifjcif;r&SdcJholonf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. a&SŒawmfarSmufwGif onf;cHjcif;.wefbdk;udk od
&Sdvmayrnf? onf;cHjcif;a-umifh &±Sdaom jidrf;csrf;om,mr+udkvnf; od&Sdvmayrnf?
tvGeftrif;cufcJaomtajctaewGifyif/ rdrd.rsufESmrS onf;cHjcif;udk jyojcif;jzifh/
tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfudk ,kH-unfpGmtm;udk;tm;xm;jyKI pdwfoufomr+&Sdayrnf? tcuftcJ
rsm;ESifhawGŒ-uHK&aomtcg/ tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHrS ,QifurdrdvufcH&&SdcJhaom aumif;usdK;
rsm;udk owd&I pdwfoufomr+&Sdvdrfhrnf? trSefpifppf/ tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfudk ouf0if,kH
-unfjcif;/ xdkt&Sifjrwfu zefwD;ay;xm;aomuH-urRmudk ,kH-unfvufcHjcif;wdk‹onf/ vl
wpfa,muftwGuf t-uD;us,fqkH;aom pdwfoufomr+/ aysmf&$ifr+ESifh at;csrf;om,mr+udk
&&Sdapaom vsdKŒ0Sufcsufyif jzpfayonf? TuJhodk‹aomtajctaeudk &±Sdatmif tjcm;enf;
vrf;rsm;jzifh ±SmazGaeolwdk‹onf/ vrf;rSm;udkvdkufae-ujcif;omv#if jzpfayonf? tv†m[f
t&SifjrwfwGif ouf0if,kH-unfjcif;r&SdbJ xdkodk‹aom aysmf±$ifjidrf;csrf;om,mr+udk &±Sdrnf
r[kwfacs?

68
 ±d+ifwGmef. aysmhnHhaom vSnfhuGuf?
Satan's Weak Tricks

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf TurBmavmuwGif vlom;wdkif;udk prf;oyfayonf? T

urBmavmuwGif vlwdk‹aexdkifpOfb0wGif usifh-uHaomudk,fusifhw&m;ESifh ,kH-unfr+tay:
wGif rlwnfI/ xdkolwdk‹aemifwrvGefb0wGif i&JbkHodk‹r[kwf *sEMwfokcbkHwpfckckwGif ae
xdkifaprnfhtpDtpOfudk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu qkH;jzwfowfrSwfawmfrlonf? prf;oyfcsuf
rsm;onfvnf; tvGefvG,fuloufomayonf? txufwGif az:jycJhonfhtwdkif;/ vlwpfOD;pD
. wm0efonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfvdkvm;aomb0ykHpHtwdkif; aexdkifjcif;jzifh TurBm avm
uwGifvnf; aysmf±$ifjidrf;csrf;om,mr+ &&Sd&efjzpfayonf? xdkprf;oyfr+wGif ,kH-unfr+.qef‹
usifbuftiftm;wpfcktjzpf tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfu ±+difwGmefrm&fewfudk zefqif;xm;awmf
rl.? tjcm;olrsm;. tjyKtrlrsm;udk tjypf&Smjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ bk&m;w&m;rJhtawG;
tac:rsm;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ vlwdk‹.pdwfwGif;Y tajctjrpfr&Sdaom oHo,rsm;jzpfay:vm
atmif ±+difwGmefu t,kHoGif;vSnfhpm;I tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.trdef‹udk zDqefjcif;ESifh udk,f
usifhw&m;ysufjym;jcif; ponfhbmoma&;ESifhqef‹usifonfhtjzpfodk‹a&mufatmif/ jzm;a,mif;
avonf? ol.vkyfief;udk atmifjrifap&ef vlwdk‹twGuf axmifajcmuftrsKd;rsdK;udk zefwD;
avh&Sd.? ±+difwGmefonf vlom;rsm;twGuf &efoljzpfa-umif;udk uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf
tm,wfawmfrsm;wGif az:jyxm;ayonf?
tdk=,kH-unfjcif;o'Ngw&m;xm;&Sd-uaom rktfrifeftaygif;wdk‹/ toifwdk‹onf tpPvmrfom
oemtwGif;odk‹ vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm; 0if-uukefavmh? ‚if;jyif ±d+ifwGmef.aemufodk‹ z0g;ajcxyf
rvdkuf-uukefvifh? xdk±d+ifwGmefonf rkcs oifwdk‹tbdk‹ xif±Sm;aom&efolyif jzpfayonf?
(pl&m tvfbuU&m 2;208)
odk‹aomfvnf; tDrmef,kH-unfr+&Sdonfhrsufpdjzifh -unfholtwGuf/ ±+difwGmef.axmif
ajcmufonf aysmhnHhI xda&mufjcif;r&Sdacs? tvG,fwul ausmfv$m;Edkifayonf? ±+difwGmef.
vSnfhuGufrsm;onf jynfhpkHcdkifrmr+r&Sda-umif; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu rdef‹-um;xm;awmfrl.?
“‚if;jyif tvkH;pkHudkpD&ifqkH;jzwfI jyD;cJhaomtcg ±+difwGmefrdpm>aumifonf(*s[EMrf i&JbkHodk‹
vm;-u&ojzifh nnf;nLjypfwifolwdk‹tm; ajz-um;aomtm;jzifh Todk‹)ajymqdktHh? (tdk=
u|Efkyftm; jypfwifuJh&Jholtaygif;wdk‹) rvGJ{uef tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rSefuefaomuwd
ay;jcif;udk ay;awmfrlcJh.? ‚if;jyif u|Efkyfonfvnf; toifwdk‹tm; uwday;cJhonfjzpf.?
odk‹&mwGifrlum; u|Ekfyfonf toifwdk‹tm;(ay;cJhonfh uwdudk) azgufzsufcJh.?
pifppfrlum; u|EfkyfrSm toifwdk‹tm; zdwfac:cJhonfrSty toifwdk‹tay:Y rnfonfh-oZm
tm%mwpfpkHwpf&mr#yif &SdcJhonfr[kwfay? (u|Ekfyfonf) xdk(uJhodk‹zdwfac:cJhaom)tcg t
oifwdk‹onf u|Efkyf(. zdwfac:csuf)udk oabmwlvufcHcJh-u.? odk‹jzpfay&m toifwdk‹

69
onf u|Ekfyftm; jypfwifykwfcwfrnfhtpm; rdrdudk,fudkomv#if rdrdwdk‹ jypfwifykwfcwf-u
avukef?
(,ae‹aomfum;)u|Efkyfonfvnf; toifwdk‹tm; u,frnfholr[kwf? toifwdk‹onfvnf;
u|Efkyftm; u,frnfholrsm; r[kwf-uay? toifwdk‹onf ,cifrlvu u|Efkyftm; (tv†m[f
t&SifjrwfESifh) wGJzufE+dif;,SOfcJh-uonfudk u|Ekfyfjiif;y,f.? {ueftrSef rw&m;aomolwdk‹
Y jyif;jyemusifzG,fjzpfaom jypf'%fonf &SdacstHhownf;?”[k uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf
pl&mtDAf&m[Drf 14;22wGif rdef‹-um;xm;ayonf? ±d+ifwGmefonf rnfonfh-oZmtm%mr#yif
r&Sdacs? tiftm;&SdolrSm ,kH-unfo'Ngw&m;±Sdolrktfrifefrsm;om jzpf-uukef.? Tonfu
yif toufomqkH;tcsufyifjzpf.?
aemufxyftjcm;tcsufwpfcsufrSm/ ±d+ifwGmefonf oD;jcm;vGwfvyfaompdwfqENr&Sd
jcif;yifjzpfayonf?
pifppfaomfum; xdk“tDAfvDpf”onf ‚if;(tm'rf.om;orD;rsm;)ESifhywfoufaom rdrd.
xifjrif,lqcsufudk rSefuefa-umif; awG‹&SdcJh.? ta-umif;rlum; “rktfrifef”ouf0if,kH
-unfolrsm;rSty ‚if;wdk‹rSm xdktDAfvDpf.aemufodk‹ vdkufcJh-uaoma-umifhyif?
pifppfaomfum; xdktDAfvDpfonf ‚if;wdk‹tay:Y v$rf;rdk;EdkifcJhjcif;rSm igt&Sifjrwfonf “tmcd
&wf”wrvGefb0ESifh pyfvsOf;I 'Gd[oHo,Y&Sdaeaomolwdk‹ESifh cGJjcm;I odawmfrl&efom
v#ifjzpfcJh.? (pl&m&SDAm 34;20=21)
±d+ifwGmefonf rnfol‹tay:wGifrS -oZmtm%moufa&mufEdkifpGrf;r&Sdjcif;rSm tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwf. arwWmu&k%mawmfyifjzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftm; jiif;y,f&ef/ t
usifhpm&dwWysufjym;&efESifh raumif;r+'kp&dkufudk jyKusifhusL;vGef&ef tem;rSaeI wdk;wdk;av;
om t-uHjyKwdkufwGef;EdkifpGrf;&Sdayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; xdkol‹tay:wGif rnfonfh-oZmtm
%mudkr# oufa&mufv$rf;rdk;EdkifpGrf;r&Sdacs? ±+difwGmef.axmifajcmufrSm tvGefw&maysmhnHh
.? ±+difwGmef.t-uHOm%fay;wdkufwGef;csufrsm;udk a&SmifuGif;&ef cufcufcJcJ±kef;uefae&ef
rvdktyfay? vlwdkif;u tenf;i,fr#pOf;pm;I owdw&m;&Sdygu trSefw&m;udk vG,fulpGm
odjrifEdkifayonf? ±+difwGmef.aemufodk‹ vdkufygoGm;jcif; rjzpfEdkifacs? ±d+ifwGmefonf/ avm
upnf;pdrfudk tvGefrufarmzG,fjzpfatmif jyoEdkifayonf? i,f&G,fEkysdKolwdk‹udk TurBm
avmu-uD;onf qkH;cef;wdkifjcif;r&Sd[k xifjrif,lqI urBmavmu-uD;udk cspfcifwG,fwm
ap&ef qGJaqmifEdkifayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; Om%ftajrmftjrif&SdI usKd;a-umif;qifjcifwkHw
&m;&Sdolwpfa,muftwGufrlum; ±d+ifwGmef. qGJaqmifr+onf aysmhnHhum xda&mufr+ r&Sday?
xdkyk*~dKvfonf/ TurBmavmuwGif &Sd&Sdor#t&mcyfodrf;wdk‹onf qkH;cef;wdkifI aoa-uukef
qkH;oGm;rnfhtjzpfudk odxm;oltwGufrl/ TurBmavmuwGif &Sd&Sdor#rufarmwG,fwmzG,f
aomt&mwdk‹onf/ aemifwrvGefb0 *sEMwfokcbkHESifh Ed+if;,SOfEdkifavmufatmifwefbdk;r&Sd/
tay:&Ha-umomv#ifjzpfI/ auseyfzG,faumif;aomt&mr[kwfa-umif;udk t&Sif;om;odxm;
ojzifh/ ±+difwGmef. axmifajcmufudk tvG,fwulwGef;vSefy,fzsufypfEdkifayonf? ±d+ifwGmef
onfvnf; tav#mhray;bJ/ rmeaxmifv$m; armufrm&eftwGuf wdk;wdk;ajymjyef.? rEk\
vlom;tjzpf t&m&mwGif tm;enf;r+&Sdaeonfhtjyif/ rdrd.udk,fcE<monf wpfae‹ae‹wpf

70
&uf&ufwGif toufaoqkH;onfESifh ykwfodk;ysufpD;oGm;rnfomjzpfa-umif;udk odxm;ojzifh/
±d+ifwGmef. jzm;a,mif;r+udk tvG,fwula±Smif±Sm;ypfy,fvdkufEdkifayrnf?
pdwf&if;apwemrSefjzifh w&m;"rRudkvdkufemusifhokH;olwdk‹onf/ ±d+ifwGmef.jzm;
a,mif;r+udkrvdkvm;bJ/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oem;-uifemjcif;r[mu&k%mawmfudkom
tm;udk;tm;xm;I/ *sENMwfokcbkHudkom ar#mfrSef;-uayonf? tv†m[ft&Sif jrwfudk a-umuf
&GHŒjcif;r&Sd/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwlnDr+udku&krpdkufbJ tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmf
yg;Y rdrdudk,fudk tyfESif;jcif;rjyKolwdk‹onf ±+difwGmef. a&SmifwciftwGif; vSnfhpm;jcif;
wGif aumufaumufygoGm;-uavonf? ±+difwGmef.aESmifh,Sufjcif;-oZmonf w&m;"rRudk
vdkufemusifhokH;udkif;±+dif;olwdk‹tay:Y rnfodk‹r# rxda&mufEdkifa-umif; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu
rdef‹-um;xm;ayonf?
xdk“ÁAfvDpf”u av#mufxm;cJhav.? odk‹jzpfygv#if (u|efawmfrsdK;onf) t&Sifjrwf
.wefcdk;tmEkabmfudk wdkifwnfI av#mufxm;tyfygonf? rkcsrvGJ u|efawmfrsdK;
onf xdkvlom;tm;vkH;udkyif vGJacsmfarSmufrSm;atmif jyKvkyfrnfjzpfygonf?
odk‹&mwGif ‚if;wdk‹teuf a&G;cs,fjyD;jzpfaomt&Sifjrwf. u|efrsm;udkrlum; (u|ef
awmfrsdK;onf vGJacsmfarSmufrSm;apEdkifrnfr[kwfyg)? (pl&mqGm'f 38;82=83)
odk‹aomfvnf;/ ±+dkifwGmef. jzm;a,mif;r+odk‹vdkufygolwdk‹. uH-urRmESifhywfoufI
vnf; &Sif;jyxm;awmfrlayonf?
rkcs{uef ‚if;onf u|EkfyfxHodk‹ qkH;r-o0g'a&muf&SdvmjyD; aemufrSyif xdkqkH;r-o0g
'(udk vdkufemjcif;)rS vGJacsmfapcJhonf? pifppfaomfum; ±+difwGmefrdpm>aumifonf
vlom;wdk‹tm; pGef‹ypfxm;olyif jzpfacsownf;? (pl&mtvfzk&fumef 25;29)

71
 ed*kH;?
Conclusion
TurBmajr-uD;ay:wGif touf&Sifaexdkifvsuf&Sdaom tjcm;vlom;rsm;tm;vkH;uJhodk‹
yif toifonfvnf; toifhoufwef;ukefqkH;rnfhtcsdefodk‹ em&Dwdkif;/ rdepfwdkif;/ puUef‹wdkif;
ydkrdkeD;uyfvsuf&Sdaeayonf? Tum; a&SmifuGif;Ir&Edkifaom trSefw&m;jzpf.? wpfae‹
ae‹wGif toif.toufonf ukefqkH;oGm;I TurBmavmuwGif touf&SifaexdkifcJhpOfu
toifbmawGvkyfcJhonf/ bmawGajymcJhonfponfwdk‹tm;vkH;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfa&SŒawmf
arSmufY tpD&ifcH&vdrfhrnf?
,QKtcsdeftxd toifonf bmomw&m;udk vdkufemusifhokH;&efcufcJusOf;usyfonf
[k,lqojzifh bmoma&;rSa0;uGmaeayvdrfhrnf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[f t
&SifjrwfoGefoifjyoxm;onfhtwdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;jcif;rjyKbJ tjypf'kp&dkufrsm;udkvnf;
usL;vGefcJhjyD;vnf;jzpfaeayvdrfhrnf? odk‹aomfvnf;/ ,QKtcsdefrSpI tv†m[ft&Sif jrwf
.a&SŒarSmufwGif pdwf&if;apwem&if;jzifh aemifww&m;&&Sda-umif; wdk;±+d;0efcsawmif;yef
I/ usef&Sdaomoufwef;wGiftwwfEdkifqkH;taumif;qkH;b0jzifhvG,fulaomomoemh vrf;
a-umif;twdkif; oufawmifhoufomvdkufemusifhokH;oGm;&ef ta&;-uD;ayonf? tv†m[f
t&Sifjrwf.tvdkawmft& toifonf vGefavjyD;cJhaomb0rsm;xuf ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom
b0udk &±Sdygvdrfhrnf?
“aumif;rGefaomb0”[laompum;onf vltrsm;twGuf topftqef;jzpfaeay
rnf? trsm;tm;jzifh pdwfylyefaomuuif;&Sif;jcif;/ 0rf;enf;a-uuGJr+uif;rJhjcif;/ a-umuf&GHŒ
ajcmufjcm;ae&efrvdkjcif; ponfhb0onf/ &&Sd&efrjzpfEdkifaom pdwful;,OftdyfrufurBmxJrS
b0omv#ifjzpfonf[k xif-uayonf? rSefygonf? TuJhodk‹aomb0onf bmoma&;ESifh
a0;uGmaeolrsm;twGuf vufawG‹rjzpfEdkifaom tdyfrufurBmxJrS b0yifjzpfayonf?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwlnDr+udkom &Sm-uHvkyfaqmifol/ t±Sifjrwf. r[m
u&k%mawmfudkomawmif;cHI xdkt&Sifjrwfudkom a-umuf&GHŒ&dkaoum rdrdudk,fudk xdkt&Sif
jrwfxH tyfESif;xm;jyD; *sEMwfokcbkHudkom ar#mfrSef;olwdk‹onf/ pdwfvufoufomI {csrf;
om,mr+tjynfht0±Sdaom b0udk&&Sd-uayonf? tDrmefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹udk tv†m[ft
&Sifjrwfu TuJhodk‹owif;aumif;ay;awmfrl.?
rnfolrqdk a,mufsm;jzpfap/ rdef;rjzpfap (rktfrifeftjzpfESifh) aumif;jrwfaom tusifhoDv
udk usifhrlaqmufwnfcJhaomf/ ‚if;jyif xdkolonf rktfrifef ouf0if,kH-unfolvnf; jzpf
cJhaomf/ rvGJ{uef igt&Sifjrwfonf xdkoltm; oef‹&Sif;pif-u,faomtouf&Sifjcif;rsdK;jzifh
touf±Sifapawmfrlrnf?
‚if;wdk‹usifhrlcJh-uaom tusifhoDvrsm;xuf ydkrdkaumif;jrwfaom ukodkvftusdK;udk csD;jr‡ifh
awmfrlrnfjzpfonf? (pl&mtvfe[vf 16;97)

72
 txufu&Sif;jycJhonfhtwdkif;/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu csrSwfay;aomomoemw&m;
"rRonf vG,fulI cufcJ-urf;wrf;jcif;uif;rJhayonf? xdk‹tjyif/ xdkomoemw&m;awmfudk
vdkufemusifhokH;ol.b0wGif cufcJr+/ pdwf'kuQa&mufjcif;ESifh pdwfqif;&Jjcif;rsm;rSvGwfuif;
ayrnf? omoemtwGif;wGif aexdkifolonf vkyfudkifor#tppt&m&mwGif tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwf. tumtuG,fay;jcif;udk vufcH&&Sdojzifh atmifjrifr+rsm;jzifh -uHKawG‹&ayrnf? xdkol
onftaumif;qkH;b0oufwef;udk &&Sdrnfjzpfa-umif; uk&ftmeftm,wfawmfrsm;Y az:jy
xm;ayonf?
xdk‹a-umifh taumif;qkH;ESifhtvG,fultoufomqkH;jzpfaom b0vrf;a-umif;udk a&G;
cs,f,loifhayonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif jyqdkxm;aom ukd,fusifhw&m;twdkif; ae
xdkifjcif;jzifh xdkodk‹aom {csrf;om,monfhb0udk &&SdEdkifayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf toifESifhtwlwuG urBmavmuwGif&Sd&Sdor#ouf&SdoufrJhtm;
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jrwfwGif vdktyfor#t&mcyfodrf; tvkH;pkHjynfhpkHpGm&Sdaeaoma-umifhwnf;? toifaexdkif
aom ywf0ef;usifuoifay;aom,Ofaus;r+rsm;/ toifhywf0ef;usiftodkif;t0dkif;&Sd vlwdk‹.
oifay;em;csr+rsm;/ owif;pm/ &kyfjrifoH-um; ponfwdk‹. jrLqG,fr+rsm;udk ab;z,fxm;
um/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. rSefuefaomomoembufodk‹vSnfhoifhayjyD? uk&ftmefusrf;
awmfjrwfonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. -o0g'rsm;jzpfojzifh ,if;usrf;awmfjrwf. oif-um;
csufrsm;twdkif; oufawmifhoufom {csrf;om,maomb0jzifh touf&Sifoifh.?
omoemw&m;"rRonf oufawmifhoufom {csrf;om,maomb0udk ay;aqmifEdkif
onfhta-umif;tcsufudk toifarhrxm;ygESifh? vG,fuljcif;udk ypfy,fxm;jcif;jzifh aemif
wrvGefb0wGif rar#mfvifhcJhaom em-uifr+ESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkif&rnfjzpfa-umif;udkvnf;
arhrxm;ygESifh?

73
 tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&D.vdrfvnfr+?
The Deception Of Evolution
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odk‹aomfvnf;/ xdk0g'jzef‹jcif;onf trSefw&m;udk zkH;uG,fxm;Ir&acs? vGefcJhonfh
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onf? t"dutm;jzifh 1980ckESpfaemufydkif;wGifjyKvkyfaom odyH`ynmokawoersm;u 'g0if
.tqdkjyKcsufrsm;onf/ vkH;0tajctjrpfr&Sda-umif; az:xkwfvdkufavonf? odyH`ynm&Sift
ajrmuftjrm;wdk‹onfvnf; xdkaz:xkwfcsufrsm;udk axmufcH-uayonf? txl;ojzifh tar
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tcsufjzpfaoma-umifh/ Tae&mwGifvnf; twdkcsKH;Iaz:jyjcif;jzifh tvGefw&mtusdK;&Sdrnf
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a0aom“rsKd;pkwdk‹ pwifjzpfay:jcif;” (Origin of Species) [laompmtkyfonf ta&;-uD;qkH;

74
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onf? 'g0if.oDtdk&Donf rnfonfhodyH`prf;oyfcsuf odk‹r[kwfawG‹&Sdcsuftay:wGifrS tajc
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tcuftcJrsm;”[laomtcef;wGif/ ta&;ygonfhar;cGef;aygif;tajrmuftjrm;udk ajzEdkifjcif;
r&Sda-umif; 'g0ifudk,fwdkif 0efcHxm;.?
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&Sdcsufrsm;onf/ xdktcuftcJrsm;udk ydkrdkIomus,fjyef‹apcJhayonf? odyH`ynmavmuwGif
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1? ToDtdk&Donf urBmajr-uD;ay:wGif ouf&SdypPnf;rsm; rnfodk‹pwifay:aygufvm
cJha-umif;udk &Sif;jyEdkifjcif;r&Sdacs?
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tiftm;r±Sdacs?
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tcsufudk ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rsm;wGif oJvGefp&Smr&Edkifjcif;udkvnf; ToDtdk&Du tajzay;
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ar;cGef;udk ar;&efvdktyfygonf?
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rawmfwq-uHK-uKdufI pwifjzpfay:vmonf[k qdkxm;onf? ToDtdk&Dt& oufrJhj'yf

75
ypPnf;rS rawmfwq-uKH-uKdufI ouf&SdqJvfwpfck jzpfay:vmonf[k qdkvdkayonf? Tt
qdkonf/ rnfolur#ypfy,fausmfv$m;Ir&aom ZD0aA'ed,mrESifh udkufnDjcif;r&Sday?
“toufonf toufrS qif;oufvm.?”
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vmrnfudk apmifhqdkif;-unfh-uavonf?
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rsm;twGif; a&;om;cJhaom okawoepmwrf;rsm;wGif/ touf[lonf rawmfwq-uKHIjzpf

76
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ouf&SdqJvfwpfckudkr# wDxGifxkwfvkyfI r&ao;acs?

77
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r&SdbJvnf; rjzpfEdkifacs? xdk‹a-umifh/ touf[lonf "gwkaA'aygif;pyfr+"gwfjyK
jcif;jzifh jzpfay:Edkifjcif;r&Sd[k yxrOD;qkH;aumufcsuf&rnfjzpfayonf?6
tu,fI/ touf[lonf obm0tavsmufjzpfay:vmEdkifjcif;r&Sdygu/ obm0vGef
wefcdk;Á'd<yg'fu “zefqif;”xm;onf[k vufcH&rnfomjzpfayonf? Ttcsufonf tDAdk
vl;&Sif;oDtdk&Dudk t&Sif;qkH;y,fzsufvdkufayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk
&D. t"du&nf&G,fcsufonf zefqif;jcif;udk nif;y,fjcif;yifjzpfaoma-umifhwnf;?
tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&D. pdwful;,Of,EW&m;rsm;?
tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Dudk y,fzsufypfonfh'kwd,tcsufrSm/ tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Du tokH;jyK
onfh tawG;tac:qdkif&m ,EW&m;rsm;onf/ trSefwu,ftm;jzifh/ tiftm;r&Sda-umif; od&Sd&
ayonf?
'g0ifonf ol.wpfpwpfpajymif;vJvmjcif;tqdkudk “obm0a&G;cs,fr+” [kac:
aom tawG;tac:qdkif&m,EW&m;tay:wGif tajccHxm;ayonf? ola&;om;aom “obm0

78
.a&G;cs,fr+jzifh rsKd;pkwdk‹ pwifjzpfay:jcif;” pmtkyft& tqdkyg,EW&m;rnfr#ta&;yga-umif;
xif&Sm;vsuf&Sdayonf?
obm0a&G;cs,fr+oabmw&m;onf ouf&SdowW0grsm;onf rdrdwdk‹aexdkif&mt&yf
.tajctaeESifh vdkufzufoifhavsmfatmif aeEdkifonfhtpGrf;tiftm;&Sdolomv#if quf
vufItouf&SifaeEdkifonf[k qdkxm;onf? Oyrm/ acsaumif orifaumiftkyfpkrsm;wGif
awm&dkif;wd&pm>efrsm;zrf;pm;rnfhtEW&m,fudk wdrf;a&SmifEdkifatmif tajy;jrefolomv#if quf
vufI acsaumiforifaumiftjzpf touf&SifEdkifayvdrfhrnf? odk‹aomfvnf; ,if;tawG;t
ac:,EW&m;a-umifh acsaumifonf tjcm;rsdK;pkwpfrsdK;tjzpfajymif;vJoGm;jcif;r&Sdacs? Oyrm
jrif;tjzpfodk‹ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;r&Sdacs?
xdk‹a-umifh/ obm0a&G;cs,fr+tawG;tac:,EW&m;onf/ wpfpwpfpajymif;vJr+tif
tm;r&Sdacs? 'g0ifudk,fwdkifuvnf; Ttcsufudk od&Sdxm;ayonf? xdk‹a-umifh/ ol. “rsdK;
pkwdk‹ pwifjzpfay:jcif;”pmtkyfwGif atmufygtwdkif; a&;om;xm;ayonf?
rsdK;pkwpfckrS ouf&Sdt&mwpfckcsif;u oifhavsmfonfhajymif;vJjcif; odk‹r[kwf uGmjcm;
jcif;jzpfay:vmjcif;r&Sdor# obm0a&G;cs,fr+onf rnfodk‹r#rwwfEdkifacs?7
vmruf. oufa&mufr+?
xdk‹a-umifh/ ,if;“oifhavsmfonfhajymif;vJuGJjym;r+” rnfodk‹jzpfay:Edkifrnfenf;?
'g0ifonfvnf; Tar;cGef;udk ol.acwfumvrSodyH`ynmtqifhjzifh -udK;pm;ajzcJhavonf?
'g0ifray:rDESpfrsm;wGif ausmf-um;cJhaom ZD0aA'ynm&Sif csmAgvD,m 'D vmruf (1744=
1929).tqdkt&/ ouf&SdowW0grsm;onf olwdk‹touf&SifaecsdeftwGif; &&Sdpkaqmif;cJhaom
^mOf(ADZ)vuQ%mrsm;udk om;pOfajr;qufodk‹qufIul;oGm;aponf[k qdkonf? bdk;pOf
abmifquf pkaqmif;vmcJhaom ‚if;^mOfvuQ%mrsm;a-umifh rlvrsdK;pkESifhuGJjym;aom rsdK;pkt
opftjzpfodk‹ ajymif;vJoGm;onf[k qdkonf? Oyrm/ orifaumifrsm;onf rsdK;qufwpf
qufrSwpfquf vnfyif;rsm;wpfpjyD;wpfp ydkrdk&Snfvsm;vmjcif;jzifh wpfpwpfp opfukvm;
tkyftjzpfodk‹ ajymif;vJoGm;onf[kqdkonf?
'g0ifuvnf; xdkuJhodk‹aom O'g[&kefrsm;udkay;xm;avonf? ol. “rsdK;pkwdk‹
pwifjzpfay:jcif;”pmtkyfwGif/ 0uf0Hrsm;onf a&xJqif;Itpm&Sm&if; ESpfumvaygif;-um
jrifhvmaomtcg a0vig;rsm;tjzpfodk‹ ajymif;vJcJhonf[k a&;om;xm;ayonf?8
odk‹aomfvnf;/ ESpfq,f&mpkESpftwGif; &SifoefcJhonfh *&D*dkrif;'Jvf(1822=84)awG‹&Sd
az:xkwfcJhaom rsdK;EG,ftarGqufcHjcif;ed,mrESifh rsdK;ADZodyH`(genetics)wdk‹jzifh twnfjyKEdkif
&ef ppfaq;pDppfcJh&mwGif/ xdkuJhodk‹pkaqmif;&&Sdxm;onfh ^mOfvuQ%mrsm;udk rsdK;qufwpf
qufrSwpfqufodk‹ul;ay;jcif;r&Sda-umif; az:xkwfvdkufojzifh/ obm0a&G;cs,fr+onf
vnf;/ wpfpwpfpajymif;vJjcif;tawG;tac:,EW&m;tjzpfrS ysufjy,foGm;awmhonf?
'g0if0g'opfESifh oaE<ajymif;vJr+rsm;?
txufygjy\emudk ajz&Sif;&eftwGuf 1930ckESpfukefydkif;wGif 'g0if0g'Dorm;wdk‹
u“acwfopforBm&enf;oDtdk&D”(Modern Synthetic Theory)odk‹wqifhwufI 'g0ifoDtdk&D

79
opf[kac:wGifaomtawG;tac:udk wDxGif-ujyefonf? TtawG;tac:wGif rsdK;ADZrsm;t
wGif;Y jyifya&mifjcnfa-umifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ ykHwlul;&mYrSm;,Gif;r+&Sdjcif;a-umifhaomf
vnf;aumif;/ ykHysufajymif;vJr+jzpfay:um obm0oaE<ajymif;vJr+rsm;tjyif “oifhawmf
aomuGJjym;r+”jzpfay:aponf [laomtawG;tac:udk jznfhpGuf-uavonf?
,ae‹vuf&SdurBmwGif 'g0if0g'Dwdk‹tokH;jyKaom 'g0ifoDtdk&Donf tqdkyg'g0if oDtdk
&Dopfjzpfayonf? ToDtdk&D.tqdkt&/ ouf&SdypPnf;rsm;onf vGefcJhonfh ESpfaygif;
oef;aygif;rsm;pGmtwGif; cE<mudk,fwGif; rsdK;ADZazgufjyefjcif;a-umifh(Oyrm/ em;&Guf/ rsufpd/
tqkwf/ awmifyH/ ponfwdk‹) wajz;ajz;“oE<ajymif;vJr+”jzpfay:vmcJhojzifh rsdK;pkaygif;t
ajrmuftjrm;uGJjym;aygufzGm;vmcJhonf[k qdkonf? odk‹aomfvnf;/ odyH`ynmt& Ttqdk
onf vkH;0rSm;,Gif;a-umif; xkwfaz:xm;ayonf? oaE<ajymif;vJr+onf ouf&SdowW0grsm;
udk -uD;xGm;r+rjzpfapbJ/ -uD;xGm;touf&Sifjcif;twGuf tjrJwaptEW&m,fjzpfaponf[k
odyH`ynmu awG‹&Sdxm;ayonf?
TtcsufESifhywfoufI tvGefvG,ful&Sif;vif;ayonf? ta-umif;rlum;/ 'Dtif
at. wnfaqmufr+onf tvGef±+yfaxG;.? ‚if;twGif;Y -uHK&musyef;ajymif;vJuGJjym;r+
jzpfay:jcif;onfaumif;usdK;ray;bJ tEW&m,fomv#ifjzpfaponf? tar&duefvlrsdK; rsdK;ADZ
ynm&Sif bD*sD&ef*gemoefu atmufygtwdkif; &Sif;jyxm;ayonf?
yxrtcsuf = rSefuefaomoaE<ajymif;vJr+onf obm0tm;jzifh tvGef&Sm;yg;.?
'kwd,tcsuf = oaE<ajymif;vJr+trsm;tm;jzifhonf -uHK&musyef;omjzpfay:avh
&Sdojzifh/ rsdK;ADZudktpDtpOfwusjzpfapaom tusKd;&Sdonfh usyef;jzpfay:r+jzpfrnfh
tpm;/ ydkItEW&m,fomv#ifjzpfap.? Oyrm/ ajrivsifv+yfjcif;onf/ tvGefw&m
pHepfwuspDpOfaqmufvkyfxm;aom taqmuftODwpfckudk v+yf&Sm;aponfqdkygu/
xdktaqmuftOD.twGif;ydkif;wnfaqmufr+udk -uHK&musyef;ajymif;vJr+ jzpfay:
apvdrfhrnf? ,if;onfum; xdktaqmufttkHtwGuf ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom usyef;
ajymif;vJr+jzpfapvdrfhrnfr[kwfay?9
xdk‹a-umifh/ oaE<ajymif;vJr+rSefor#udk apmifh-unfhavhvm&mY rsdK;ADZv#dKŒ0Sufcsufrsm;
udk ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmapjcif; vkH;0rawG‹&Sd&jcif;onf tHh-ozG,fudpPr[kwfay? ,QKtcsdeftxd
avhvmawG‹&Sdcsuft& oaE<ajymif;vJr+rSefor#onf tEW&m,fomv#ifjzpfaponf? “tDAdk
vl;&Sif;oDtdk.,EW&m;”tjzpfwifjyaom oaE<ajymif;vJr+onf ouf&SdypPnf;rsm;udk tEW
&m,fjzpfay:apI/ arG;zGm;vmyguvnf; 'kuQdwomv#ifjzpfapa-umif; awG‹&Sd&ayonf?
(a,bk,sjzpf&dk;jzpfpOft&/ vlom;wdk‹twGif;jzpfay:aom oaE<ajymif;vJr+onf uifqma&m
*gjzpfapavh&Sd.)? xdk‹a-umifh tEW&m,fjzpfapaom ,EW&m;onf wpfpwpfpajymif;vJr+
“tDAdkvl;&Sif;,EW&m;”rjzpfEdkifacs? xdk‹tjyif/ obm0a&G;cs,fr+onfvnf; 'g0ifudk,fwdkif
0efcHcJhonfhtwdkif;“ol‹tvdkvdk bmrSrwwfEdkif”acs? Ttcsufuyif obm0wGif “tDAdkvl;
&Sif;,EW&m;” r±Sda-umif; oufaocHvsuf&Sdayonf? xdk‹a-umifh/ tDAdkvl;&Sif;,EW&m;r&Sdygu
wpfpwpfpajymif;vJvmonf[laom “tDAdkvl;&Sif;”tjzpftysufrsm;onfvnf; r±SdcJha-umif;
aocsmaeayonf?

80
 ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rsm; =
pyf-um;ykHpH&Sda-umif;vuQ%mrawG‹&?
tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Du wifjyonfh wpfpwpfpajymif;vJvmcJhjcif;vkH;0rjzpfcJha-umif;
t&Sif;qkH;oufaoom"urSm ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rsm;yifjzpfayonf?
tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Dt&/ rsdK;pkwdkif;onf tjcm;rlrwluGJjym;aomrsdK;pkwpfckrS wpfpwpf
pajymif;vJvmcJhonf[kqdkonf? ,QifrsdK;pkonf tcsdef-umjrifhpGmtwGif; wpfpwpfpajymif;
vJvmjcif;jzifh/ aemufqkH;wGif rsdK;pkopfwpfcktjzpfqufvuftouf&Sifonf[kqdkonf?
urBmay:&Sd ouf&SdrsdK;pkrsdK;pdwftm;vkH;onfvnf; xdkuJhodk‹ajymif;vJvmcJh-uonf[kqdkonf?
qdkvdk&if;rSm xdkuJhodk‹wpfpwpfpajymif;vJvmcJhjcif;onf ESpfaygif;oef;aygif;rsm;pGmtwGif;
jzpfay:cJhjcif; jzpf&rnf?
,if;uJhodk‹jzpfcJh&dk;rSefygu urBmay:wGif ra&rwGufEdkifavmufaom -um;ykHpHowW0g
tajrmuftjrm;onfvnf; xdkr#-umjrifhcJhaom ESpfaygif;oef;aygif;rsm;pGmtwGif; &SdcJhrnfom
jzpf.?
Oyrm/ ig;wpfydkif;ykwfoifndKwpfydkif;/ ig;wpfydkif;zGwfywwfwpfydkif;/ ponfwdk‹&Sd&
rnf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf tDAdkvl;&Sif;t& ‚if;wdk‹wGif&SdjyD;aom ig;ADZvuQ%mESifh aemuf
xyf&&Sdvmaom wGm;oGm;owW0gADZwdk‹ wjydKifwnf;&Sd&ayrnf? odk‹r[kwf wGm;oGm;owW0g
wpfydkif;/ iSufwpfydkif;owW0gwdk‹vnf;&Sd&rnf? wGm;oGm;owW0gwpfcsKdŒonfrdrdwdk‹. ADZ
vuQ%mtjyif iSufADZvuQ%mudk xyfrH&&Sdvmjcif;a-umifh ‚if;ADZvuQ%mESpfrsdK;vkH;&Sdonfh
owW0g&Sd&ayrnf? xdkowW0grsm;onf -um;umvowW0grsm;jzpfojzifh vuQ%mrpkHvif-u
aoma-umifh/ t*Fg&yftrsdK;rsdK;csdKŒwJhaom 'kuQdwowW0grsm;jzpf-uvdrfhrnf? tDAdkvl;&Sif;
orm;rsm;onf vGefcJhonfh twdwfumvwGif TuJhodk‹aomowW0grsm;onf “-um;umv
vuQ%myg&SdonfhowW0grsm;”tjzpf touf&SifcJh-urnf[k pdwful;,Of-uayonf?
tu,fI ,if;uJhodk‹aomowW0grsm; trSefwu,f&SdcJh-uygu ykHpHtajrmuftjrm;uGJ
jym;aomowW0gwdk‹. ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rsm;onfvnf; oef;aygif;ajrmufjrm;pGm &Sd&rnf
om jzpfayonf? xdkenf;wl ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rSwfwrf;wGifvnf; yg&Sd&rnfrSm ajr-uD;
vufcwfrvGJjzpfayonf? 'g0if. “rsdK;pkwdk‹ pwifjzpfay:jcif;” pmtkyfwGif atmufyg
twdkif; &Sif;jyxm;ayonf?
tu,fI u|Ekfyf.oDtdk&D rSefuefygu/ rsdK;pkwpfckESifhwpfck eD;pyfaom owW0grsm;
t-um;rS -um;umvowW0grsm; ra&rwGufEdkifavmufatmif ajrmufjrm;pGm&Sday
rnf? ‚if;wdk‹udkum; ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rsm;tjzpfomv#if awG‹Edkifrnfjzpf.?10
'g0if.ar#mfvifhcsuf tpdwfpdwftr$mr$m ausrGoGm;jcif;?
odk‹aomfvnf;/ tDAdkvl;&Sif;orm;rsm;u wpfq,fhudk;&mpkESpf tv,fydkif;rSpI xdkuJh
odk‹aom ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;udk tywfwukwfyifyef;-uD;pGm&SmazGcJh-uaomfvnf; ,ae‹txd
xdk-um;umvowW0gausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif; wpfckwavr# wl;az:awG‹&Sdjcif; r&Sdao;acs? ,

81
ae‹wl;az:&&Sdxm;aomausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;tm;vkH;wdk‹onf/ tDAdkvl;&Sif;orm;rsm;. ar#mfvifh
csufESifh qef‹usifbuftjzpf urBmajr-uD;ay:wGif ouf&SdypPnf;rsm;onf &kwfw&ufjAKef;ceJ
t*FgtjynfhtpkHjzifhay:aygufvmcJh-ua-umif;udk jyqdkvsuf&Sdayonf?
tvGefausmf-um;aom jAdwdo#ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;ynm±Sif 'J&uf AD at*smonf tD
Adkvl;&Sif;orm;jzpfvifhupm;/ atmufygtwdkif; 0efcHxm;ayonf?
ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rsm;udk tao;pdwfavhvmaomtcg/ rsdK;pOftqifhYaomfvnf;
aumif;/ rsdK;pdwftqifhwGifaomfvnf;aumif;/ wpfpjyD;wpfpwqifhpDajymif;vJvmcJh
jcif;tpm;/ wpfrsdK;.ae&mwGif aemufxyfwpfrsdK; &kwfw&ufjAKef;ceJay:aygufvm
cJh-uonfudkom awG‹&Sd&ayonf?11
T0efcHcsufrSm/ ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rSwfwrf;wGif/ ouf&SdowW0gtm;vkH;wdk‹onf
-um;umvykHpHrsdK;r&SdbJ tjynfhtpkHoD;jcm;pDjzpfay:vm-uonf[k qdkvdkayonf? ,if;tqdk
onf/ 'g0if.tawG;tac:wifjycsufrsm;ESifh qef‹usifbufjzpfaeonf? xdk‹tjyif ouf&Sd
ypPnf;rsm;tm;vkH;wdk‹onf zefqif;jcif;jzifhay:aygufvmcJha-umif;udk jyqdkaom om"ujzpf
ayonf? -um;umvykHpHbdk;bGm;bDbifr&SdbJ vdktyfonfht*Fgtpdwftydkif;rsm;tao;pdwf
atmifjynfhpkHpGmjzifh &kwfw&ufjAKef;ceJay:aygufvmjcif;udk taumif;qkH;&Sif;jyEdkif&efrSm zef
qif;jcif;omv#if jzpfayonf? Ttcsufudk vlodrsm;ausmf-um;aom ZD0aA'ynm&Sif
a'gufuvyfpf zlwl,mrmuvnf; atmufygtwdkif; 0efcHxm;ayonf?
zefqif;jcif;ESifh tDAdkvl;&Sif;t-um; &Sif;jycsufrsm;rSm ukefcef;oGm;avjyD? urBmay:
wGif ouf&SdypPnf;rsm; t*Fgaygif;pkHtjynfhtpkHjzifh ay:aygufvmcJhonfvnf;jzpfEdkif
onf? odk‹r[kwf xdkuJhodk‹r[kwfbJ tjcm;enf;jzifhvnf; ay:aygufvmEdkifonf?
tu,fI xdkodk‹r[kwfygu/ ,Qif&SdjyD;aomouf&SdowW0grsdK;qufrsdK;pdwfwpfckckrS
wpfqifhpDwdk;wufajymif;vJvmcJh&rnf? t*FgtjynfhtpkHjzifh &kwfw&ufay:ayguf
vmcJh-uygu/ tpOftjrJwnf&Sdaom todOm%fjzifhjynfhpkHaom t&Sifocifwpfyg;
yg;u zefqif;xm;jcif;omv#if jzpfrnf?12
ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rSwfwrf;rsm;t&/ TurBmay:wGif ouf&SdypPnf;rsm;onf t*Fg
tjynfhtpkHjzifhomv#if ay:aygufvmcJh-uayonf? qdkvdk&if;rSm/ “rsdK;pkrsm; pwifay:ayguf
jcif;”onf/ 'g0ifwifjyouJhodk tDAdkvl;&Sif;enf;jzifh ay:aygufcJhjcif;r[kwfbJ/ zefqif;jcif;
jzifh ay:aygufcJhayonf?
vlom;rsm;. tDAdkvl;&Sif;ykHjyif?
tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Dudk axmufcHtm;ay;olrsm;u r-umc%wifjyavh&Sdaomtcsuf rSm
vlom;wdk‹. tprlvblwta-umif;jzpfayonf? 'g0if.aemufvdkufrsm;u/ acwfopf
vlom;rsm;onf arsmuf0HuJhodk‹aom owW0grsm;rS qif;oufvmcJhonf[k qdk-uonf? xdkuJh
odk‹ ESpfaygif; 4=5oef;r#-umjrifhaom wpfpwpfpajymif;vJqif;oufvmcsdeftwGif;/ acwf
opfvlom;ESifhxdkarsmuf0Hwdk‹.t-um; “-um;umvykHpH”&SdaomowW0grsm; &SdcJh-uonf[kqdk
-uonf? xdkpdwful;,Ofoufoufjzpfaom tjzpftysufudk “trsdK;tpm;”tm;jzifh atmuf
ygtwdkif; av;rsdK;cGJjcm;xm;-uonf?

82
 1? -opx&mvdkyDoduyfpf (Australopithecus)
2? [dkrdk [mbDvpf (Homo habilis)
3? [dkrdk tD&ufwyfpf (Homo erectus)
4? [dkrdk aqyD,H (Homo sapiens)
tDAdkvl;&Sif;0g'Drsm;u vlom;wdk‹. yxrqkH;arsmuf0Hbdk;atudk -opx&mvdkyDod
uyfpf[k ac:xm;onf? “awmiftmz&du arsmuf0H”[k t"dy`g,f&.? pifppftm;jzifh xdk
owW0grsm;onf rsdK;okOf;cJhjyDjzpfaom arsmuf0HwpfrsdK;omv#if jzpfavonf? -opx&mvdk
yDoduyfpferlemtajrmuftjrm;udk tao;pdwfokawoejyKcJh-uaom t*FvefEdkifiHESifh tar&d
uefEdkifiHrS cE<maA'ynm&SifESpfOD;jzpfol avmh'f qdkv†D ZlumrefESifh ygarmuQ csm;vfpf atmhpf
em'fwdk‹.awG‹&Sdcsuft& ‚if;erlemrsm;onf rsdK;okOf;oGm;jyDjzpfaom ±dk;±dk;arsmuf0Hrsm;omjzpf
I vlom;rsm;ESifh rnfodk‹r# qifwlqufpyfr+ r&Sdacs?13
tDAdkvl;&Sif;orm;rsm;onf/ vlom;wdk‹ay:aygufvmykH aemufwpfqifhudk “vlom;”[k
t"dy`g,faygufaom“[dkrdk”[kowfrSwfac:-uonf? olwdk‹.tqdkt&/ [dkrdk tqifhvlom;
avmif;owW0gonf -opx&mvdkyDoduyfpf xufydkrdkI wdk;wufonf[kqdkonf? vlom;
avmif;owW0grsm;. ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rsm;udk olwdk‹pdwful;aygufoavmuf tpDtpOf
wus pD-uavonf? trSefrSm xdktpDtpOfonf/ pdwful;,OftpDtpOfomv#ifjzpfayonf?
tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ xdktpDtpOfyg owW0gwpfrsdK;csif;. tDAdkvl;&Sif;qufpyfr+udk b,f
aomtcgrS oufaojyEdkifjcif;r&Sd-uacs? ESpfq,f&mpkESpfrS ta&;ygqkH;tDAdkvl;&Sif;0g'D
wpfOD;jzpfol tm;efpf ar,mu ola&;om;aom One Long Argument rnfaompmtkyfwGif/
“[dkrdkaqyD,H”. tprlvordkif;udk&SmazGjcif;onf tcufcJqkH;jzpfI/ a-ueyfavmufaom
aemufqkH;&Sif; vif;csufyif &Edkifrnfr[kwfay?”14 [k &J&Jyifqdkxm;ayonf?
tDAdkvl;&Sif;orm;rsm;u Australopithecus>Homo habilis>Homoerectus>Homo sapiens,
ponfhtpOftqufwdk‹onf/ vlom;rsm;.bdk;ab;bDbifrsm;[kqdkxm;onf? odk‹aomfvnf;/
Australopithecus, Homo habilis ESifh Homo erectus wdk‹onf/ TurBmay:wGif a0;uGmaom
a'o&yfajrrsm;wGif wpfcsdefwnf;Y touf&SifaexdkifcJh-ua-umif; r-umao;rDu ausmuf
jzpf&kyf-uGif;ynm&Sifrsm;u okawoejyK az:xkwfvdkuf-uavjyD?15
xdk‹xufru [dkrdktD&ufwyfpfrS tcsdKŒtydkif;rsm;jzpfaom Homo sapiens neandartha-
lensis ESifh Homo sapiens sapiens(acwfopfvlom;rsm;)onf/ urBmhtydkif;wpfydkif;wnf;wGif r
-umao;rDtcsdeftxd twlwuGaygufzGm;aexdkif-uao;a-umif; awG‹&Sdaz:xkwfxm;.?16
,if;tajctaeu xdktpDtpOfyg owW0grsm;onf wpfrsKd;ESifhwpfrsdK;. bdk;ab;bD
biftqufrsm;jzpfjcif;udk acszsufxm;a-umif;udk jyqdkaeayonf? [m;AwfwuUodkvfrS
ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;ynm&Sif pwDAifa*sa*gvfu xdkuJhodk‹tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&D. rqkwfom
rwdk;omjzpfaeaomtajctaeESifh ywfoufI/ atmufygtwdkif; &Sif;jyxm;ayonf?
u|Efkyfwdk‹vlom;rsm;ESifh vlom;avmif;rsm;jzpf-uaom -uD;rm;onfh A. africanus ESifh
H. habilis wdk‹t-um; ±Sif;vif;onfhwpfrsdK;ESifhwpfrsdK;qufEG,fr+rawG‹&Sd&ygu u|Efkyf

83
 wdk‹ a&SŒodk‹rnfuJhodk‹ajcvSrf;vSrf;&rnfenf;? xdk‹xufru ‚if;wdk‹onf TurBmajr
ay:wGif aygufzGm;cJh-upOfoufwef;twGif; olwdk‹t-um;Y tDAdkvl;&Sif; ^mOfvuQ%m
rsm;yifrawG‹&bJ jzpfaejyefonf?17
twdk;csKH;I &Sif;&Sif;jywfjywfajym&rnfqdkv#if/ “arsmuf0Hwpf0uf vlwpf0uf” &kyfykH
rsm;udka&;qGJI owif;ESifhpmapmifpmtkyftajrmuftjrm;wGifaz:jyxm;aom vlom;rsm;.
tDAdkvl;&Sif;Zmwfvrf;onf/ 0g'jzef‹jcif;oufoufomv#ifjzpfI/ odyH`ynmt& tajctjrpf
vkH;0 r&Sdacs?
-opxvdkyDoduyfpf ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rsm;udk 15ESpfwdkifatmif okawoejyKcJhaom/
ynm±Sifwdkif;av;pm;onfh t*FvefEdkifiHrS avmh'f qdkv†DZlumrefu/ oludk,fwdkif tDAdkvl;&Sif;
orm;yif jzpfvifhupm;/ aemufqkH;wGif xdkuJhodk‹ arsmuf0HESifhwlaomowW0grsm;rSwpfqifh
vlom;rsm;tjzpf qif;oufvmonfh oufaocHEdkifonfhrsdK;pOfrsdK;EG,fquf udkif;xGufvm
jcif;vkH;0rawG‹&Sd&a-umif;udk ed*kH;csKyfxm;ayonf?
Zlumrefonf aemufxyfpdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfaom odyH`enf;usonfh ta-umif;&yfrsm;
ESifh odyH`enf;rusonfhta-umif;&yfrsm;udk “odyH`ynma&mifpOf”ac: tpDtpOfwpfck jyKvkyf
xm;ayonf? Zlumref. xdka&mifpOft& wduscdkifvkHonfhtcsuftvufom"ursm;jzifh
jynfhpkHI odyH`enf;tusqkH;bmom&yfrsm;rSm &lyaA'ESifh "gwkaA'bmom&yfrsm;jzpfonf?
xdk‹aemuf odyH`enf;ruswusrSodyH`enf;rusonfhbmom&yfrsm;ta-umif;&yfrsm;tjzpf ZD0
aA'/ vlr+a&;odyH`bmom&yfrsm;vdkufvmI/ odyH`enf;rusonfhbmom&yfrsm;wGif “tm&kH
ig;yg;jyifytod”rsm;/ Oyrm w,fvDyoDac: raemESifhqufoG,fjcif;/ q@rtm&kH ponfwdk‹
yg0ifavonf? xdktpDtpOfwGif odyH`enf;rusqkH;aemufqkH;tpDtpOfonf “vlom;rsm;.
tDAdkvl;&Sif;”jzpfavonf? ,if;udpPudk Zlumrefu xyfrH&Sif;jyxm;ayonf?
ZD0aA'bmom&yfESifh oufqdkifaombmom&yfrsm;jzpf-uonfh tm&kHtm;yg;jyifytod
ta-umif; odk‹r[kwf vlom;wdk‹. ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;ordkif;rsm;udk t"dy`g,faz:jcif;rsm;udk
rSefuefr+tpDtpOfjyKI ppfaq;ygu/ tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Dudk opPmcHxm;oltwGuf bmrqdkjzpf
Edkif.? xdkenf;wl tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&DwGif pdwfapmtm;oefoltwGuf wpfcsdefwnf;wGif
wpfckESifhwpfck uGJjym;jcm;em;qef‹usifbufjzpfaomtcsufrsm;udkyif ,kH-unfEdkifayonf?
vlom;wdk‹qif;oufvmykH vlom;tDAdkvl;&Sif;rD;onf tjyD;tydkifjidrf;oGm;jyDjzpfaomf
vnf;/ olwdk‹.oDtdk&Dudk rsufpdrSdwfwG,fuyfaeoltcsdKŒu bufvdkufIt"dy`g,faz:jcif;om
v#if usefaeavjyD?
'g0ifoDtdk&D0g'Drsm;. ykHaoenf;?
oufaoom"u tjynfhtpkHcdkifvkHpGm acszsufvdkufjyDjzpfaomfvnf;/ tDAdkvl;&Sif;0g
'Drsm;u cav;oli,fwdk‹yif em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifaomta-umif;rsm;wGifyif rnfuJhodk‹
t,lonf; ayuyfae-uonfudk qufvufI avhvm-uygpdk‹?
tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Du touf[lonf rawmfwqjzpfay:vmonf[k qdkonf? Tt
qdktwdkif;qdkygu/ oufrJhypPnf;rsm;.twrftEkjrLwdk‹onf wpfae&m&mwGif pkaygif;rdI

84
vlom;tygt0if tjcm;ouf&SdypPnf;wdk‹. qJvfjzpfay:vmonf[k qdk&rnf? ,if;udpPudk
awG;-unhf-uygpdk‹? tu,fI ouf&SdqJvfwpfckwGif yg0ifwnfaqmufaom"gwfrsm;jzpf
onfh umbGef/ azghpzdk&yf/ Edkuf-wdK*sifESifh ydkwufpD,rfwdk‹udk wpfae&m&mwGif pkykHxm;rnf
qdkv#if xdk"gwfpifwdk‹. tykHwpfykHomv#if&&Sdayrnf? xdktykHudk rnfonfh"gwfjyKjcif; odk‹r
[kwf tylcsdefedrfhjrifhponfwdk‹ jyKay;ygaomfvnf;/ xdktykHonf ouf&SdqJvfxkwfvkyf
ay;rnfr[kwfay? tDAdkvl;&Sif;orm;wdk‹. “'g0ifaz:jrLvm”twdkif; vufawG‹prf;oyfcsuf
jyKvkyfvdku jyKvkyfEdkifygonf?
azghpzdk&yf/ Edkuf-wdK*sif/ umbGef/ atmufpD*sif/ oH/ rufeDqD,rf ponfh ouf&SdypPnf;
wGif yg0ifEdkifaomt&mrsm;udk pkaygif;I tdk;-uD;wpfvkH;wGif xnfhxm;yg? tDAdkvl;&Sif;o0g
'Dwdk‹u aemufxyfvdktyfrnf[kxifaom tjcm;t&m0wˆKrsm; = Oyrm trdkifEdktufppft
ajrmuftjrm;udkvnf; xyfrHI jznfhvkdygu jznfhygap? y±dkwif;wpfck obm0tavsmuf
tvdktavsmufjzpfay:vmEdkifonfh tcGifhta&;onf 10950 ydkif;. 1 ydkif;omv#if&SdEdkifaomf
vnf;/ xdky&dkwif;rsm;udk vdktyfonf[kxifoavmuf xyfjznfhygap? xdk"gwfa&mudk vdkcsif
ovdk tylay;jcif;/ tat;cHjcif;/ tpdk"gwfay;jcif; ponfwdk‹udkvnf; vkyf-uygap? olwdk‹
wwfodxm;aom enf;rsdK;pkHjzifh ar$aESmufygap? olwdk‹t,kH-unfqkH;tawmfqkH;odyH`ynm
&SifwpfOD;ruwdk‹udkvnf; xdktdk;-uD;tem;wGif apmifh-unfhcdkif;yg? xdkodyH`ynm&Sifwdk‹udk
tvSnfhuspD ESpfaygif;odef;oef;ru apmifh-unfhcdkif;ygap? vlom;jzpfay:vmEdkifonfh tajc
taerSefor#udkvnf; olwdk‹pdwful;&Edkifoavmuf qufvufI vGwfvGwfvyfvyfjznfhpGuf
ygap?
olwdk‹u xdktdk;-uD;udk rnfodk‹yifjyKpk-uaomfvnf;/ xdktdk;rS vlom;wpfOD; = Oyrm tD
vufx&GefrSefbDvl;udktokH;jyKI qJvfwnfaqmufr+udk ppfaq;okawoejyKaeaom ygarm
uQwpfOD;OD;ay:xGufvmatmif xkwfvkyfEdkifrnfr[kwfacs? opfukvm;tkyfwpfaumif/ jc
aoFhwpfaumif/ ysm;wpfaumif/ pmuav;wpfaumif/ jrif;wpfaumif/ vif;ydkifwpfaumif/
ESif;qDyef;wpfyGifh/ opfcGyef;wpfyGifh/ z&JoD;wpfvkH;/ pyspfoD;wpfvkH;/ yef;oD;wpfvkH;/
pGefyvGefoD;wpfvkH;/ vSyonfh &pfiSuf Oa'gif;wpfaumifaumif/ a&mifpkHvdyfjymaumifwpf
aumif/ odk‹r[kwftjcm;oef;csDI&Sdaomouf&Sdtaumifrsm;rS wpfaumifaumifudkvnf; xkwf
vkyfEdkif-urnfr[kwfacs? xdkowW0grsm;udk rqdkxm;bd/ xdkowW0grsm;udk wnfaqmufaom
qJvfwpfckr#udkyif xkwfvkyfEdkif-urnf r[kwfacs?
twdkcsKH;Iajymygu/ todOm%fr&Sdaom oufrJhtwrftEkjrLwdk‹ pkaygif;aejcif;jzifh
ouf&SdqJvfwpfck jzpfay:vmEdkifjcif;r&Sdacs? qJvfrsm; xyfrHjydKuGJI yGm;rsm;vm&efvnf;
qkH;jzwfEdkifpGrf;r&Sdacs? xyfrHyGm;rsm;vmaomqJvfrsm;rS ygarmuQwpfOD; jzpfay:vmEdkif&ef
vnf;wwfEdkifpGrf;r&Sd-uacs? j'yf[lonf todOm%fuif;rJhaom oufrJhypPnf;omjzpf.?
xdkoufrJhypPnf;rsm;onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. wefcdk;tmEkabmftrdef‹awmfjzifhomv#if t
ouf &SifvmEdkifayonf?
TtcsufESifhqef‹usifonhf tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Donf usdK;a-umif;qifjcifwkHw&m;uif;
rJhaom vkH;0rSm;,Gif;onfhtqdkomv#ifjzpfayonf? txufuaz:jycJhonfhOyrmtwdkif;
tenf;i,favmuf awG;awmqifjcifjcif;jzifh olwdk‹.rSm;,Gif;csufudk ay:vGifapEdkif.?

85
 rsufpdESifh em;twGif;&Sd enf;ynmrsm;?
tDAdkvl;&Sif;0g'Drsm;u r&Sif;jyEdkifao;aomaemufxyfta-umif;&yfrSm/ rsufpdESifh
em;wdk‹. xl;uJajymifajrmufaom t&nftaoG;jzpfayonf?
tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&DESifhrsufpdta-umif;udk qufpyfIraqG;aEG;rD u|Ekfyfwdk‹rnfuJhodk‹jrif
Edkif-uonfudk OD;pGmtusOf;csKyf ajz-uygpdk‹? t&m0wˆKwpfckrSvmaom a&mifjcnfwef;rsm;
onf/ rsufvkH;aemufydkif;wGif&Sdaom &ufwDemac:um;csyfay:odk‹usa&muf.? xdkum;csyf
wGif ,if;a&mifjcnfwef;rsm;udk v#yfppftcsufjyvd+if;rsm;tjzpfodk‹ ajymif;vJvdkufjyD; OD;
aESmuf.aemufydkif;wGif&Sdonfh “puQKtuGuf”[kac:onfh jrifjcif;qdkif&mtuGufuav;odk‹
ydk‹aqmifvdkufonf? OD;aESmuf&Sd tvGefao;i,faom xdkpuQKtuGufwGif &kyfykHtjzpfodk‹
ajymif;ay;vdkuf.? TtajccHoabmw&m;rsm;twdkif; aemufwpfqifhxyfrH awG;-unfh-u
ygpdk‹?
OD;aESmufonf tvif;a&mifrSumuG,fxm;onf? qdkvdk&if;rSm OD;aESmufwnf&Sd&m ae
&mwGif vkH;0ydef;ydwfatmif arSmifaeonf? xdk‹a-umifh ,if;“puQKtuGuf”wGif tvif;a&mif
vkH;0ra&mufEdkif rxdEdkifaomtuGufjzpfayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; xdktarSmifqkH; tuGufwGif
oifonf vif;xdefaeaomurBmudk awG‹jrifae&ayonf?
rsufpdwGifay:aomykH&dyfonf tvGefxif&Sm;jywfom;vSojzifh/ ESpfq,f&mpkESpf&Sd rnf
onfh enf;ynmur# xdkodk‹jywfom;aomykH&dyfudk az:xkwfEdkifjcif;r&Sdao;acs? Oyrm/ toif
zwfaeaompmtkyfudk wpfzefjyef-unfhyg? xdkpmtkyfudk udkifxm;aomtoifhvufudkvnf;
xyfrH-unfhyg? toifhywf0ef;usifudkvnf;xyfI vSnfh-unfhyg? toifawG‹jrif&aomt&m
rsm;(toifhOD;aESmufrSjrif&onfhykH&dyfrsm;)avmuf xif&Sm;jywfom;aom ykH&dyfrsm;udk tjcm;
b,fae&mY awG‹bl;ygoenf;? tausmf-um;qkH; tawmfqkH;puf&kHrSxkwfvkyfonfh taumif;
qkH; &kyfjrifoH-um;w,fvDAD;&Sif;pufuyif toifhrsufpdESifh-unfhIjrif&aomykH&dyfrsm;avmuf
jywfom;aom ykH&dyfudk rxkwfjyEdkifao;acs? toifawG‹&aomykH&dyfrsm;onf okH;bufwef t
wdkif;twmjzpfI/ tvGefjywfom;xif&Sm;onfh a&mifpkHykH&dyfjzpfonf? ESpfaygif;wpf&mtwGif;
axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaomtif*sifeD,mwdk‹onf xdkuJhodk‹xif&Sm;jywfom;aom ykH&dyfudk &&Sdaz:
xkwfEdkifatmif -udK;yrf;cJh-uavjyD? tifrwef-uD;rm;onfhtaqmufttkHrsm;jzifhjynfheuf
aom puf&kH-uD;rsm;udk aqmufvkyfcJh-uavjyD? okawoeaygif;tajrmuftjrm;vnf; jyKcJh
-uavjyD? TudpPwpfckwnf;twGuf pDrHudef;trsdK;rsdK;/ ykHpHtrsdK;rsdK;vnf; a&;qGJcJh-uav
jyD? &kyfjrifoH-um;um;csyfrSefudk jyef-unfhyg? wzeftoifhvufwGif udkifxm;aompmtkyfudk
vnf; jyef-unfhyg? xdkESpfck.jywfom;xif&Sm;r+ tvGefuGmjcm;aeonfudk toifawG‹jrif&
vdrfhrnf? xdk‹xufru &kyfjrifoH-um;onf toifhtm; ESpfbufweftwdkif;twmykH&dyfukdom
az:ay;.? odk‹aomfvnf; toifhrsufpdjzifh okH;bufweftwdkif;twmjzifh jrif&ayonf?
urBmay:&Sd odef;ESifhcsDaomtif*sifeD,mrsm;u rsufpdjzifhjrif&ouJhodk‹jywfom;I
okH;bufwefyHk&dyfudkjyoay;Edkifonfh &kyfjrifoH-um;pufxkwfvkyfEdkif&ef -udK;pm;cJh-uayonf?
okH;bufwefykH&dyftwdkif;jrif&aom wDADpufudkawmhxkwfvkyfEdkif-uygonf? okd‹aomfvnf;
3-D rsufrSefjzifhom-unfhEdkifI xdkykH&dyfonfvnf; ykH&dyfwkomv#ifjzpff.? uifr&mESifh &kyf

86
jrifoH-um; ESpfrsdK;pvkH;wGif ykH&dyf.t&nftaoG;avsmhenf;r+&Sdaeonf? ,QKxd rnfolur#
rsufpdjzifhjrif&aomykHtwdkif; xif&Sm;jywfom;atmif rvkyfEdkifao;acs?
tDAdkvl;&Sif;0g'Dwdk‹onf/ tqdkyg&Sif;vif;jywfom;aomykH&dyfudk xkwfaz:ay;Edkif
onfh,EW&m;onf rawmfwq-uHKIjzpfay:vmcJhonf[k qdk-uonf? tu,fI vlwpf
a,mufonf/ toif.&kyfjrifoH-um;pufudk ‚if;.twGif;rStwrftEkjrLrsm;onf tvdkt
avsmufvma&mufpkaygif;jyD; ol‹tvdktavsmufwDADpufjzpfvmonf[k ajymv#if toifrnf
odk‹ pOf;pm;ygrnfenf;? odef;ESifhcsDaomtif*sifeD,mynm±Sifwdk‹u tywfwukwf -udK;pm;
xkwfvkyfaompufwpfvkH; rnfodk‹ol‹tvdktavsmuf-uHK-udKufI jzpfay:vmEdkifrnfenf;?
rsufpdavmufraumif;bJ/ acwfrrSDaomud&d,mwefqmyvmwpfckonf ol‹tvdkt
avsmuf -uHK-udufI jzpfay:vmEdkifjcif;r&Sdv#if/ xdkud&d,mrsm;xufydkrdkxif&Sm;jywfom;aom
ykH&dyfudkxkwfaz:ay;Edkifaom rsufpdonf tb,fha-umifh tvdktavsmuf-uHK-udKufI jzpfvm
EdkifcJhrnfenf;? em;ESifhywfoufIvnf; xdkenf;ESifESifjzpf.? jyifyrSvmaomtoHudk em;
u tv,fydkif;odk‹ ydk‹vdkuf&m/ xdkem;.tv,fydkif;wGif toHudkxyfrHcsJŒay;jyD; twGif;ydkif;odk‹
ydk‹vdkufonf? em;.twGif;ydkif;wGif xdktoHvd+if;udk v#yfppftcsufjyv+dif;tjzpfajymif;vJ
ay;jyD; OD;aESmuf. -um;jcif;(aomwm&kH)tydkif;odk‹xyfrHydk‹ay;onf? puQKtm&kHjrifjcif;uJhodk‹
OD;aESmuf. -um;jcif;tydkif;wGif xdktoHudk cGJjcm;ay;onf?
OD;aESmufwGif;Y toH-um;&mae&monfvnf;/ jrifjcif;ESifhwykHpHwnf;jzpf.? em;rS
wqifha&mufvmonfh toHqdkif&mv#yfppftcsufjyvd+if;rsm;udkt"dy`g,faz:aomae&mwGif
OD;acgif;cGHu umuG,fxm;ojzifh jyifytoHvd+if;rsm;ra&muf&SdEdkifacs? jyifywGif rnfr#yif
qlnHaeapumrl OD;aESmufwGif;Y wdwfqdwfvsufom&Sdayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; xdkwdwf
qdwfvsuf&SdaomOD;aESmufwGif;Y aw;*DwoHrsm;ESifhtwl jyifywGif&Sdor#qlnHoHrsm;udkyg
toifem;qifvsuf&Sdayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; xdktcgor,wGif oif.OD;aESmufwGif;Y
tvGefwdusonfh ud&d,mjzifh toHudkwdkif;-unfhygu vkH;0wdwfqdwfaeonfudkom awG‹&Sd
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jywfom;r+&Sdatmif ESpfaygif;ajrmufjrm;pGm-udK;yef;cJh-uaomfvnf; r&Edkif-uao;acs? toH
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aomif;ruwdk‹u tpOfwpdkuf -udK;yef;ae-uaomfvnf; em;rSvufcH&&SdaomtoH-um;jcif;
avmuf jywfom;&Sif;vif;atmif zrf;,lEdkifaompuf wDxGifxkwfvkyfEdkifjcif; r&Sd-uao;acs?
aw;*Dwwl&d,mypPnf;rsm;xkwfvkyfaomt-uD;qkH;ukr`%DrS xkwfvkyfonfh [dkifzdkifpHepfud&d
,mudk pOf;pm;-unfhyg? xdktaumif;qkH;toHzrf;pufrS toHzrf;vdkufaomtcg toHtcsKdŒ
tydkif;aysmufoGm;onfudk awG‹&ayrnf? zrf;xm;aomtoHudk jyefvnfzGifhaomtcg toHydk
±SL;±SL;±SJ±SJtoHrsm;ygvmwwfonf? odk‹aomfvnf; u|Efkyfwdk‹.em;rSzrf;,laomtoHwGif xdk
uJhodk‹r[kwfbJ t&Sif;qkH;tjywfom;qkH;-um;&ayonf? vlom;rsm;udk pwif zefqif;csdef
uwnf;u xdktwdkif;yif tpOfwpdkufjzpfvmcJhayonf?

87
 ,QKtcsdefxd vlom;rsm;. rsufpdESifhem;avmuf xif[yfwkef‹jyefr+wdusjywfom;aom
ud&d,mrsm;udk vlwdk‹urvkyfEdkifao;acs? odk‹aomfvnf;/ xdkjrifjcif;ESifh -um;jcif;.aemuf
uG,fwGif xdk‹xufruydkrdk-uD;us,faom trSefw&m;&Sdaeayonf?

OD;aESmufwGif;Y jrifjcif;ESifh-um;jcif;wnf;[laom tm&kHonf

rnfolESifh oufqdkifygoenf;?
OD;aESmufwGif;rSnd‡KŒ"gwftjynfhjzifh qGJaqmifr+&SdaomurBmudk rnfolu-unfhaeygo
enf;? rnfoluaw;*DwoHrsm;/ wDwDwmwmjrnfaeaomiSufuav;rsm;.toH ponfwdk‹
udk em;axmifaeygoenf;? rnfolu ESif;qDyef;teH‹udk ±SLaeygoenf;?
vlwpfa,muf. rsufpd/ em;/ ESmacgif; ponfwdk‹rSvmaom E+d;qGr+rsm;u OD;aESmuf
qDodk‹ v#yfppf="gwktm&kHtjzpf a&muf&SdoGm;onf? ZD0aA'/ ZD0urRaA'/ ZD0"gwkaA' p
onfhodyH`ynmpmtkyfrsm;wGif OD;aESmufwGif;Y rnfodk‹ykH&dyfjzpfay:onf[laomta-umif;t
ao;pdwfudk &SmazGzwf±+Edkifygonf? odk‹aomfvnf; xdkpmtkyfrsm;wGif ,if;ykH&dyfrsm;/ toH
rsm;/ teH‹rsm;ponfh tm&kHrsm;. v#yfppf"gwktm&kHaphaqmfr+wdk‹udk rnfolu vufcHoenf;
[laomta&;-uD;qkH;tcsufudkjzifh toifzwfrdrnfr[kwfyg? OD;aESmufwGif tm&kHaphaqmfr+
rsm;udk vufcH&ef rsufpd/ em;/ ESmacgif;ponfwdk‹yif rvdktyfbJ tvdkvdkvufcHEdkifonfh tod
w&m;&Sdaeonf? xdktodw&m;onf rnfolESifh oufqdkifaeygoenf;? tm&kHa-umrsm;/
OD;aESmuf&SdtqDxkrsm;/ tm&kHqJvfrsm;ESifh roufqdkifa-umif; xif&Sm;aeygonf? xdk‹a-umifh
t&mcyfodrf;wdk‹onf j'yf0wˆKrsm;jzifhom wnfaqmufxm;onf[k ,kH-unf-uol 'g0ifoDtdk
&Dorm;rsm;u/ Tar;cGef;rsm;udk rajzEdkif-uacs?
tb,hfa-umifhqdkaomf/ xdktodw&m;onfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfzefqif;xm;aom
0dnmOfjzpfaoma-umifhwnf;? xdk0dnmOfonf ykH&dyfrsm;udk -unfh±+&efrsufpdrvdktyfacs? t
oHudk-um;&ef em;vnf;rvdktyfacs? xdk‹xufru pOf;pm;awG;awm&ef OD;aESmufvnf;rvdk
tyfacs?
Twdusjywfom;I odyH`enf;usaomtcsufudk awG;awmqifjcifI tv†m[ft&Sif
jrwfudk a-umuf&GHŒ-uavmh? xdkt&Sifjrwf.umuG,fr+wGif cdkvkH-uavmh? tb,fha-umifhqdk
aomf/ xdkt&Sifjrwfonf xkxnftm;jzifh ukApifwDrDwmtenf;i,fr#om&SdI ydef;ydwfatmif
arSmifaeaom ae&mwGif p-um0VmwpfckvkH;udk xif&Sm;aom okH;bufwefa&mifpkHykH&dyftjzpf
odk‹ zspfn‡pfay;xm;Edkifaomt&Sifjrwf jzpfaoma-umifhyif?
&kyf0g' ,kH-unfcsuf?
u|Ekfyfwdk‹az:jycJhaomtcsuftvufrsm;onf/ tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Donf odyH`ynmawG‹&Sd
csufrsm;ESifh tH0if*Gifusrjzpfa-umif; jyqdkvsuf&Sdayonf? touf.tprlvblwESifh ywf
oufaom xdkoDtdk&D.tqdkonf odyH`ynmESifh vdkufzufoifhavsmfjcif;r&Sdacs? ‚if;u wifjy
aom tDAdkvl;&Sif;,EW&m;onfvnf; tDAdkvl;&Sif;twGuf tiftm;r&Sdacs? -um;umvowW0g
rsm;&SdcJhrnfhtcsufudk axmufcHonfh ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rsm;onfvnf; wpfckr#r&Sday? xdk‹

88
a-umifh tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Donf odyH`enf;rusaom tawG;tac:tjzpf ypfy,f&efom usef
awmhonf? odyH`ynmavmurS xkwfy,fypfaomtawG;tac:tajrmuftjrm;uJhodk‹omv#if
jzpfayonf? Oyrm/ urBmajr-uD;onf p-um0Vm.A[dktjzpfowfrSwfcJhaom t,ltqudk
odyH`ynmordkif;rS tjyD;ydkifxkwfy,fypfonfhenf;twdkif; jzpfayonf?
odk‹aomfvnf; tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Donf odyH`ynmavmuwGif qufvuf oufqdk;&Snf
vsuf&Sdaeonf? tcsdKŒu xdkuJhodk‹tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Dudk a0zefjcif;udkyif “odyH`ynmudk wdkuf
zsufonf”[k pGyfpGJjyefonf? tb,fha-umifhenf;?
ta-umif;rSm/ ToDtdk&Donf tcsKdŒvl‹todkif;t0dkif;. wpf,loef,kH-unfcsuf
twGuf r&Sdrjzpfaom tawG;tac:jzpfaeaoma-umifh jzpf.? xdktodkif;t0dkif;wdk‹onf &kyf
0g'tawG;tac:udk rsufpdrSdwf vdkufem-u&mwGif olwdk‹twGuf 'g0ifoDtdk&Donf obm0.
aqmif&GufcsufESifh ywfoufI &Sif;vif;csufay;onfh wpfckwnf;aomoDtdk&Djzpfaeonf?
xdk&kyf0g'Dwdk‹onf/ tcsdeftcgtm;avsmfpGm tqdkygtcsufudk0efcHavh&Sd-uonfrSm
pdwf0ifpm;zG,fwpf&yfjzpfayonf? tvGefausmf-um;aom [m;AwfwuUodkvfrS rsdK;&dk;ADZ
ynm±Sifjzpfol &pfcsm'f pD vD0efwif onf/ xdyfxdyf-uJtDAdkvl;&Sif;orm;jzpfaomfvnf;/ ol
onf wjydKifwnf;wGif “yxrqkH;aom a&SŒajy;&kyf0g'DodyH`ynm±Sif”jzpfonf[k 0efcHxm;.?
odyH`ynmxkH;wrf;"avhrsm;ESifh enf;vrf;rsm;u tHhzG,fxl;uJaomurBmta-umif;
&kyfydkif;qdkif&m&Sif;vif;csufrsm;udk twif;vufcHapjcif;r[kwfrlbJ/ u|Efkyfwdk‹.
&Sd&if;pGJ ,kH-unfcsufrsm;u &kyf0g'udk&Sif;jyEdkifonfh tawG;tac:enf;ynmrsm;udk
&SmazG&ef twif;t-uyfjyKaejcif;jzpfonf? xdkodk‹&SmazG&mwGif/ rdrdwdk‹tvdkvdk
odEdkifaom todw&m;ESifhyif qef‹usifaejcif;ESifh/ rnfr#yif pdwful;,Ofqefaejcif;
&Sdaomfvnf;/ ta&;r-uD;yg? &kyf0g'uomv#if vkH;0O\kHrSefuefonf[k cH,lxm;
ygonf? “zefqif;&Sifbk&m;ocif &Sdonf[laom tawG;tac:onf u|Efkyfwdk‹.
wHcg;0odk‹ a&mufrvm&ef”om ta&;-uD;qkH; jzpfygonf?19
T0efcHcsufwdk‹onf/ 'g0iftawG; tac:udk wpf,loefvufcHxm;jcif;onf &kyf0g'
udk wG,fzufxm;Edkif&eftwGufomv#ifjzpfa-umif; tjywfom;qkH;az:jycsufyif jzpfayonf?
Twpf,loef,kH-unfcsufonf/ j'yfypPnf;uvGJI tjcm;rnfonfht&mr#r&Sd[laom tcsuf
jzpfayonf? xdk‹a-umifh todw&m;uif;rJhaom oufrJhj'yfypPnf;u toufudkzefwD;ay;
onf[laomtcsufudk wdkufwGef;aqmf-oae-uayonf? odef;oef;csDaom rsdK;EG,fpdwftrsdK;
rsdK;(Oyrm/ iSuf/ ig;/ opfukvm;tkyf/ usm;/ ydk;r$m;/ opfyif/ yef;rmvf/ a0vig; ESifh vlom;
rsm;)wdk‹onf/ rdk;&Gmcsjcif;/ v#yfpD;vufjcif;/ ponfwdk‹rS tpysdK;jzpfay:vmonf[k qdkonf?
Ttqdkonf usdK;a-umif;qDavsmfjcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif odyH`ynmESifh qef‹usifvsuf&Sdayonf?
odk‹aomfvnf;/ 'g0iftawG;tac:orm;rsm;u olwdk‹.tawG;tac:udk “twif;umuG,f
vsuf&Sd-uonf? “zefqif;&Sifbk&m;ocif&Sdonf [laomtawG;tac:onf olwdk‹.wHcg;0
odk‹ a&mufrvm&ef”omv#if t"dujzpfonf?
&kyf0g'Dwdk‹. bufvdkuftawG;tac:udk ab;z,fxm;jyD; touf.rlvblwESifh ywf
oufaomtcsuftvufrsm;udk -unhfolonf/ ouf&SdoufrJhypPnf;rsm;tm;vkH;wdk‹onf wef

89
cdk;tmEkabmfÁ'd<yg'fESifhjynfhpkHaom/ tvkH;pkHudkodjrifawmfrlaom zefqif;&Sif. vkyfaqmif
csufjzpfa-umif; trSefw&m;udk awG‹jrifrnfomjzpf.? xdkzefqif;&Sifonf p-um0Vmwpfck
vkH;udk ouf&SdypPnf;rsm;tm;vkH;ESifhtwl r&Sd&mrS&Sdatmif/ taumif;qkH;ykHpHjzifh zefqif;ol
tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfyifjzpf.?

tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Donf
urBmay:wGif tjyif;xefqkH;aom ya,m*jyKpm;r+jzpf.?
bufvdkufjcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif/ tawG;tac:wpfrsdK;rsdK;.-oZmanmif;jcif;r&Sdol/ rdrd
. udk,fydkifOm%ftajrmftjrifjzifh awG;awmqifjcifokH;oyfoltwGuf/ odyH`ynmA[kokw
uif;rJhI ,Ofaus;r+r&Sdonfh vl‹todkif;t0dkif;vl‹tzGJ‹tpnf;rsm;udkom t,kHoGif;Edkifaom
tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Dudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;oabmaygufonfomru ,kH-unf&efvnf; rjzpfEdkif
acs?
txufu &Sif;jycJhonfhtwdkif;/ tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Dudk ,kH-unfolwdk‹onf/ tdk;-uD;wpf
vkH;xJodk‹ tEkjrLtwrftcsdKŒESifh armfvD-uLtcsdKŒudk xnfhI a&maESmvdkufojzifh/ awG;awm
qifjcifOm%f&Sdonfh ygarmuQrsm;/ wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;/ tdkifpwdkif; ESifh *vDvDtdkuJh
odk‹aom odyH`ynm±Sif-uD;rsm;/ z&ifhqDaex&mESifh vlqD,mEdk ygAga&mhwWD uJhodk‹aomtqdk
awmftEkynmonfrsm;/ orif'&,faumifrsm;/ vdarRmfoD;rsm;/ ESif;qDyef;rsm; tvdkvdk ay:
xGufvmonf[k ,kH-unf-uonf? ,if;uJhodk‹aom t"dy`g,fuif;rJhonfhtawG;tac:udk
vufcH,kH-unfoltajrmuftjrm;wdk‹onfvnf;/ odyH`ynm±Sifrsm;/ ygarmuQrsm;jzpfaejyef
onf? xdk‹a-umifh/ ToDtdk&DtawG;tac:onf/ “ordkif;wGif tjyif;xefqkH;aomya,m*
jyKpm;r+-uD;”[kqdkv#if rSm;rnfr[kwfyg? urBmhordkif;wav#mufwGif/ vlwdk‹. awG;awm
qifjcifEdkifjcif;tpGrf;r&Sdatmif nd‡KŒxm;Edkifjcif;/ Om%ftajrmftjrif&Sd&SdpOf;pm;qifjcifvdkpdwf
udk ypfy,fxm;apjcif;/ rsufpdudkydwfxm;ouJhodk‹ trSefw&m;udk rjrifEdkifatmifjyKpm;xm;
Edkifjcif;ESifh jynfhpkHonfh tawG;tac: b,faomtcgurS r±SdcJhbl;acs? tD*spfjynfom;rsm;
aerif;bk&m;“&m”udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;/ tmz&duESifhajrmuftar&duwdkuf wdkif;&if;
om;tcsdKΠudk,fpm;jyK&kyfrsm; xkvkyfxm;aomwdkifudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;/ qbmu|ef;
om;rsm; aerif;udkudk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;/ wrefawmftdA&m[ifrf(tmA&m[rf).vufxuf
wGif &kyfxkrsm;udk xkvkyfI udk;uG,f-ujcif;/ odk‹r[kwf wrefawmfrlqm(arm&S,f).
vufxufwGif a&$jzifhoGef;avmif;xm;aom EGm;odk;&kyfxkuav;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyf-u
jcif;/ ponfwdk‹xuf r,kH-unfEdkifavmufatmif ydkrdkqdk;&Gm;ayonf?
TuJhodk‹ awG;awmqifjcifEdkifpGrf;uif;rJhjcif;ESifh ywfoufI uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf
wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu jyqdkxm;awmfrl.? tm,wfawmftajrmuftjrm;wGif/ tcsdKŒvl
wdk‹. pdwfESvkH;om;rsm;udk trSefw&m;rsm;udkjrifEdkifpGrf;r&Sdatmif ydwfxm;awmfrlonf[k xdk
t&Sifjrwfu jyqdkxm;awmfrl.? ‚if;tm,wfawmfrsm;teuf tcsKdŒudk az:jytyfygonf?

90
{uefrkcs toifonf aoGznfjiif;qefaom “umzd&f”rdpm>'d@drsm;tm; owday; E+d;aqmfonf
jzpfap/ rE+d;aqmfonfjzpfap xdkolwdk‹tbdk‹ ta-umif;rxl;/ xdkolwdk‹wrlum; ,kH-unf-u
rnfr[kwfay?
tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdkolwdk‹. pdwfESvkH;rsm;ESifh aomwm&kHtay:Y wHqdyfcwfESdyfawmf
rlvdkufjyD/ xdk‹jyif xdkolwdk‹. puQKtm±kHrsm;tay:Yvnf; tumtuG,f&Sdaeavonf? xdk‹
aemuf xdkolwdk‹tbdk‹ -uD;av;aom tjypf'%fonfvnf; toifh&SdacsjyD?
(pl&mtvfbuU&m[f 2;6=7)
=== xdkolwdk‹Y pdwfESvkH;rsm;um;&Sd.? odk‹aomf ,if;pdwfESvkH;rsm;jzifh xdkolwdk‹onf (pOf;
pm;qifjcif em;vnfjcif; r±Sd-uacs?) xdkolwdk‹Y puQKtm&kHrsm;um;&Sd.? odk‹aomf xdkolwdk‹
onf rjrif-uacs? xdkolwdk‹Y aomwm&kHrsm;&Sd.? odk‹aomf xdkolwdk‹onf ,if;aomwm&kH
rsm;jzifh r-um;-uacs? xdkolrsm;onf wd&dpm>efrsm;ESifh wl-uonfomru wd&dpm>efxufyif
vGefpGmrdkufrJvrf;vGJolrsm;jzpf-u.? pifppfxdkolrsm;onf (rdrdwdk‹. wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk)
arhavsmholrsm;om jzpf-uukefownf;? (pl&mtvfttf&mzf 7;179)
tu,fI igt&Sifjrwfonf ‚if;wdk‹tay:0,f rdk;aumif;uifY wHcg;aygufwpfckckudk zGifhay;
awmfrlcJhygv#if xdk‹aemuf ‚if;wdk‹onf ae‹a-umifawmifyif xdkwHcg;aygufrS qif;wuf oGm;
vmcJh-uaomfvnf;/
‚if;wdk‹u u|Ekfyf.rsufpdrsm;onf (vSnfhpm;)ydwfyifxm;jcif;udk cHcJh-u&ayonf? xdlr#ru
u|Efkyfwdk‹onf pkef;jyKpm;jcif;udk cHcJh-u&aom vlpkyifjzpf-uayonf[k ajymqdk-urnfrSm t
rSefyif? (pl&mtvf[*s&f 15;14=15)
TjyKpm;r+onf tawmfus,fjyef‹aom vl‹tzGJ‹tpnf;udk ESpfaygif;150 avmuf-um
onfwdkifatmif trSefw&m;rSa±SmifuGif;aeapcJhonfrSm pum;vkH;rsm;jzifh az:jyEdkifjcif; r&Sd
avmufatmif tHhzG,faumif;ayonf? rjzpfEdkifonfh Zmwfvrf;rsm;udk vlwpfa,muf odk‹r
[kwf tcsdKŒu ,kH-unf-ujcif;ESifh qifjcifwkHw&m;r&Sd-ujcif; &SdEdkifayonf? odk‹aomfvnf;
csKdŒ,Gif;csufuif;rJhI pnf;urf;wuspDrHcef‹cGJxm;aom Tp-um0VmwpfckvkH;ESifhtwl
touf&Sifjcif;twGuf txl;oifhavsmfavsmufywfatmifwduspGmpDpOfxm;aom urBmajr-uD;
udk oufrJhypPnf;tEkjrLtwrfrsm; tvdkvdkvma&mufpkpnf;aygif;pyfI jzpfay:vmonf[k vl
tkyfvdkuf,kH-unf-ujcif;rSm/ “ya,m*arSmftwwf yOPvufynm“vSnfhpm;jyKpm;jcif;jzpf
onf[k omv#if &Sif;jyEdkifawmhonf?
trSefrSm bmomrJhtawG;tac:udk axmufcHusifhokH;oltcsdKŒonf ya,m*arSmftwwf
yOPvufynmjzifh tjcm;vltrsm;tay: -oZmanmif;atmifvkyf-ua-umif; uk&ftmefusrf;
awmfjrwfwGif wrefawmfrlpm(arm&S,f)ESifhzg&dk;bk&ifta-umif;udk jyqdkxm;ayonf? wref
awmfrlpmu zg&dk;bk&ifudk w&m;vrf;rSefa[m-um;aomtcg/ zg±dk;bk&ifu ol.ya,m*
arSmftwwfyOPvufq&mrsm;ESifh awG‹qkHjydKifqdkifcdkif;avonf? wrefawmfrlpmu xdkarSmf
q&mrsm;ESifh awG‹qkHaomtcg olwdk‹.ya,m*yOPvuftwwfynmudk OD;pGmjyoap onf?
xdktjzpftysufESifh ywfoufaom uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,mwfawmfwGif atmufyg
twdkif; qdkxm;ayonf?

91
xdkwrefawmf(rlpm)u/ toifwdk‹onfyifv#if ypfcsavukef[k ajym-um;av.? xdk‹aemuf
‚if;(yOPvufq&m)wdk‹onf (rdrdwdk‹. vSifuefrsm;ESifh -udK;rsm;udk) ypfcs-uI vlwdk‹. rsuf
pdrsm;udk vSnfhpm;-uavonf? ‚if;jyif xdkolwdk‹tm; a-umufvef‹apcJh-uavonf? pif
ppfaomfum; ‚if;wdk‹onf -uD;us,faom pkef;ya,m*arSmftwwfudk aqmif,lcJh-u
avownf;? (pl&mtvfttf&mzf 7;116)
zg&dk;bk&if. ya,m*yOPvufq&mwdk‹onf wrefawmfrlpmESifh ol‹tm;,kH-unfaom
aemufvdkufom;wdk‹rSty/ usefvltm;vkH;wdk‹udk rsufpdvSnfhpm;EdkifcJh-uonf? odk‹aomfvnf;
uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwftqdkt& wrefawmfrlpm.rSefuefr+w&m;awmfu xdkya,m*jyKpm;
jcif; arSmftwwfudk acszsuf0g;rsdKvdkufEdkifcJhavonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif atmuf
ygtwdkif; rdef‹qdkxm;.?
xdktcg igt&Sifjrwfonf (eADwrefawmf)rlpmxH toifonf rdrdvSifuefawmifa0S;udk ypfcs
avmh [lItrdef‹awmfxkwfjyefawmfrlcJhavonf? odk‹jzpf&m eADwrefawmf(rlpm)onf
rdrdvSifuefawmifa0S;udk ypfcsav&m xdkvSifuefawmifa0S;onf &kwfw&uf(ajrGe*g;-uD;
jzpfvmjyD;) xdkrsufvSnfhq&mrsm;vSnfhpm;-uonfh t&mrsm;udk rsKdavawmhonf?
odk‹jzpfay&m trSefonfxif±Sm;cJhjyD/ ‚if;jyif xdk(yOPvufq&m)wdk‹ jyKvkyfxm;aom tr+udpP
wdk‹onf tcsnf;ESD; ysufpD;oGm;acsjyD? (pl&mtvfttf&mzf 7;117=118)
txufu az:jycJhonfhtwdkif;/ vlwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹tm; ya,m*jyKpm;jcif;cH&onfudk
owd&onfESifhwjydKifwnf;/ olwdk‹awG‹jrifcJh-uonfht&mrsm;onfvnf; wHvSyfomv#ifjzpf
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92
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93
NOTES
1 Sydney Fox, Klaus Dose, Molecular
Evolution and The Origin of Life, W.H.
Freeman and Company, San Francisco,
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2. Alexander I. Oparin, Origin of Life,
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(reprint), p.196.
3. "New Evidence on Evolution of Early
Atmosphere and Life", Bulletin of the
American Meteorological Society, vol
63, November 1982, p.1328-1330.
4 Stanley Miller, Molecular Evolution
of Life: Current Status of the Prebiotic
Synthesis of Small Molecules, 1986, p.7.
5 Jeffrey Bada, Earth, February 1998,
p.40.
6 Leslie E. Orgel, "The Origin of Life
on Earth", Scientific American, vol 271,
October 1994, p.78.
7 Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species
by Means of Natural Selection, The
Modern Library, New York, p. 127.
8 Charles Darwin, The Origin of
Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition,
Harvard University Press, 1964, p.184.
9 B.G.Ranganathan, Origins?,
Pennsylvania: The Banner of Truth
Trust, 1988, p.7.
10 Charles Darwin, The Origin of
Species: A Facimile of the First Edition,
Harward University Press, 1964, p.179.
11 Derek A. Ager, "The Nature of the
Fossil Record", Proceedings of the
British Geological Association, vol 87,
1976, p.133.
12 Douglas J. Futuyama, Science of
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13 Solly Zuckerman, Beyond The Ivory
Tower, Toplinger Publications, New
York, 1970, pp.75-14; Charles E.
Oxnard, "The Place of
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14 "Could science be brought to an end
by scientists' belief that they have final
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the bills?" Scientific American,
December 1992, p.20.
15 Allan Walker, Science, vol.207, 7
March 1980, p.1103; A.J.Kelso, Physical
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16. Jeffrey Kluger, "Not So Extinct
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May Have Survived Long Enough To
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23 December 1996.
17 S.J.Gould, Natural History, vol.85,
1976, p.30.
18 Solly Zuckerman, Beyond The Ivory
Tower, p.19.
19 Richard Lewontin, "The Demon-
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20 Malcolm Muggeridge, The End of
Christendom, Gran Rapids: Eerndmans,
1980, p.43.