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Hin tng
Tm ln a Pt, Ngn la ta ri t trn n Tm kh khng mu Vng ti Dd NaOH, KOH Kh mi khai NH3 un nh ( Kh lm xanh qu tm m) Quy tim Hoa o
Ba2++ SO2 4 BaSO 4 2 Ba2++ CO3 BaCO 3 Ba2+ +CrO2 4 BaCrO4 2 2Ba2+ + Cr2O7 +H2 O 2BaCrO4 + 2H+ Mg2+ +2OH Mg( OH ) 2 2 Mg2++ CO3 MgCO 3 2 Ca2++ CO3 CaCO 3
NH+ 4
Ba
2+
Dd
hoc
Kt ta mu vng ti
Dd OHMg
2+
Kt ta trng Kt ta trng tan trong axit Kt ta trng tan trong axit Kt ta xanh Kt ta xanh tan trong NH3 d
2 CO3
Dd Ca2+ Dd
2 CO3
Dd OHCu2+ Dd NH3
Ni2+
Dd OH-, dd NH3
Kt tua mau xanh luc tan trong NH3 tao phc mau xanh Kt ta trng, khng tan trong axit nhng tan trong dd NH3
2+
+ 2OH + 2OH
2+
Dd Cl Ag+
Dd S2Zn2+ Dd NH3
2+ Kt tua trng, tan trong dung dich 2+ + +2NH + 23H (Zn OH (3 Zn( OH NH ) 4 ) 2 + 2NH OH4 ) 2 +43NH 2OZn NH3 d
Dd NaOH
Kt tua trng, tan trong dung dich NaOH d Kt tua trng, khng tan trong dung dich NH3 d Kt ta trng xut hin v tan trong OH- d Kt ta vang chuyn thanh mau xanh trong khng khi Kt ta xanh xut hin v tan trong OH- d Kt ta trng xanh, chuyn dn sang mu nu (Fe(OH)3 ) Lm mt mu dd thuc tm Tao kt tua mau xanh
2 2+ + 2OH ( (OH Zn(Zn OH ) 2 + 2OH [Zn Zn OH))24 ] + OH ) 3 + NH Al3+ +3NHAl Al3( OH ) 3 + 3NH4 3 +( 3H 2O
Dd NH3 Al3+ Dd OH
-
Al3+ +3OH Al ( OH ) 3
Al ( OH +OH [ Al(OH)4 ] 2+ ) 3 Cr +2OH Cr ( OH ) 2
Cr2+
Dd OH-
Cr3+
Dd OH-
Dd OH Fe2+
Dd KMnO4/ H+ Dd K3[Fe(CN)6]
MnO 8H+ Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O 4 +5Fe+ 3Fe2+ + 2K 3[Fe(CN)6 ] Fe3[Fe(CN)6 ]2 + 6K + Fe3+ + 3OH Fe( OH ) 3 Fe3+ + 3SCN Fe( SCN ) 3 Pb2+ + S2 PbS
Fe3+
Pb
2+
I-
Pb2+ + I PbI 2
Thuc th
Dd AgNO3
Ag+ + Cl AgCl
NO3
Kh khng mu ha 3Cu + 2NO3 nu ngoi khng kh, dung H2SO4 long, vun Cu dch mu xanh Quy tim Dd H+ Dd Ba2+, Ca2+ Hoa xanh Co khi khng mau thoat ra lam uc nc vi trong Kt tua trng Co khi khng mau thoat ra lam uc nc vi trong Kt tua trng khng tan trong axit Hoa o Co khi khng mau thoat ra lam uc nc vi trong, mt mau dd Br2 Kt tua trng
2 CO3
2 CO3 + 2H+ CO2 + H2 O 2 Ba2+ + CO3 BaCO3 HCO3 + H+ CO2 + H2O 2 Ba2+ + SO4 BaSO4
HCO3 SO2 4
HSO 4
2 SO3
Dd Ba2+
3) Nhn bit 1 s cht khi Cht cn Thuc th nhn bit F2 Nc Br2 (mu nu) Dd KI+ h tinh bt Kh SO2 un nng Dd d tinh bt O2 Que m tn Nc brom (mu nu)
Hin tng Kh mu vng nht Nc brom nht mu Xut hin mu xanh m Cht lng mu nu Nc brom nht mu Tinh th thng hoa hi mu tm Ko mu mu Bng chy Nc brom nht mu
Cl2
Br2
I2
xanh SO2+ Br2 + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4 SO2 + Ca( OH ) 2 CaSO3+H2O SO3+H2O + BaCl 2 BaSO4 + 2HCl H2S + Pb( NO3 ) 2 PbS + HNO3 H2S + Cu( NO3 ) 2 CuS + HNO3 NH3 + HCl NH4Cl NO + O2 2NO2
SO2
Nc vi trong d Tao kt tua trng SO3 H2S Dd BaCl2 Dd Pb(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2 AgNO3 Qu tm m HCl c Khng kh Lm lnh H2O, quy tim CO CO2 H2 CuO en, un Kt ta trng Kt ta en, khng tan trong axit ha xanh To khi trng Ha nu Kh mu nu Mu nu khng Hoa o Cu mu
NH3 NO NO2
mu
2NO2 N2O4
4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4HNO3 CO + CuO Cu + CO2 CO2 + Ca( OH ) 2 CaCO3+H2O CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3 ) 2 H2 + CuO Cu + H2 O