Motor formulas

Efficiency: Motor Efficiency = Pout/Pin, Pout = (Vin - Iin * Rm) * (Iin - Io)
Motor Kv: Kv = RPM / (Vin - Vloss), Vloss = Iin * Rm
Motor RPM: RPM = Kv * (V - Vloss), Vloss = Iin * Rm
Watts: Watts = V * Iin, Alternately P=IR (P = I x I x Rm)
Stalled Motor: Istall = Vin / Rm
Torque constant: Torque constant: Kt=Kb x 1.345, Kb = Voltage constant (Volt/1000 RPM)
Torque Loss: Torque = Kt * (Iin - Io)
Termination: Wye = the number of winds you have performed, Delta = divide the number of turns by 1.73
Watts per Horsepower: 1 horsepower = 746 watts
Kv-Rpm constant: Kv * turns = motor constant, (ex. Kv=1090 * 32T ~= 35000 so, 35000/28T ~= 1250Kv)
Acronyms:
Rm = Resistance value of the motor, derived from the guage of wire used.
Pout = Power Out of the Motor expressed in Watts
Pin = Power In of the Motor expressed in Watts
Vin = Voltage Into the Motor
Iin = Current Into the Motor
Io = Noload Current of the Motor, derived from running a motor WOT without a prop at varying voltages. Io can be expressed with an associated Voltage and should be.
Kv = K value or voltage constant, the expressed value where the rpm can be surmised by a given voltage. For a 2000 Kv motor an input voltage of 10V would net 20000RPM.
Istall = The load current of a motor which is purposely stalled, hence not turning.
Kt = Torque constant (oz-In/A)
Kb = Voltage constant (Volt/1000 RPM)
Doubling the number of winds halves Kv (rpm/volt) and doubles Kt (torque/Ampere),
Doubling stator height halves Kv, doubles Kt and (roughly) doubles maximum power.
PI*(dia./2)^2) = sectional area of wire
~ Delta > Star = .578 (.562 - .526)
~ Star > Delta = 1.73 (1.78 - 1.9)
Kv-Rpm Constant:
Example: The 3008-32 motor has a Kv of 1090. If you take 1090 x 32 you get 34,880. If you look at the 3008-28 motor, it has a Kv of 1253.
If you take 1253 x 28 you get 35,084. Based on these 2 numbers, you can see that the constant for the 3008 size motor is right arounf 35,000.
If you take 35,000 and divie that by the number of turns, you will get the approximate Kv of the motor.
Max power (with acceptable efficiency) of the motor is about :
Pin[W]=1600*Vmagnet[inch^3]
Pin[W]=0.1*Vmagnet[mm^3]
This formula is based on practice, and work well on neodym magnet.
It is very usefull to calculate an appropriate max. supply voltage, rpm, proppeler etc.
(based on the motor resistance and expecting efficiency or simply optimal motor current)

Motor constant formulas

Motor Kv =
Turns =
Motor Const.

1095
30

Motor const. =
Desired Kv =

32850

Req. Turns =

32850
1095
30

Scorpion 3008-28 - 1253Kv

Wire
Gauge

3008-28

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32.5
33
34

Size

(in) Size (mm) # strands

0.032
0.0285
0.0253
0.0226
0.0201
0.0179
0.0159
0.0142
0.0126
0.0113
0.01
0.0089
0.008
0.0075
0.0071
0.0063

0.8128
0.7239
0.6426
0.574
0.5106
0.4547
0.4038
0.3606
0.32
0.287
0.254
0.2261
0.2032
0.19
0.1803
0.1601

1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
4
6
7
9
10
11
14

# turns
DLRK
(Delta)
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14

# turns
DLRK
(Star)
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

0.5188685
0.4115731
0.3243182
0.2587698
0.204763
0.1623827
0.1280627
0.1021272
0.0804248
0.0646925
0.0506707
0.0401505
0.0324293
0.0283529
0.0255318
0.0201313

Total wire
area
(mm2)
7.264158
5.762024
4.540455
3.622778
5.733364
4.546716
3.585754
4.289341
4.503787
3.622778
4.256343
3.934749
4.086089
3.969402
3.931896
3.945741

# turns
DLRK
(Delta)
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16

# turns
DLRK
(Star)
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

0.5188685
0.4115731
0.3243182
0.2587698
0.204763
0.1623827
0.1280627
0.1021272
0.0804248
0.0646925
0.0506707
0.0401505
0.0324293
0.0283529
0.0255318
0.0201313

8.301895
6.58517
5.189091
4.140318
3.276208
5.196247
4.098005
4.902104
3.860389
4.140318
4.05366
4.496856
4.150948
4.082814
4.085087
4.187317

50.82%
38.00%
21.32%
1.39%
-24.62%
21.43%
0.37%
16.71%
-5.76%
1.39%
-0.72%
9.21%
1.64%
0.00%
0.06%
2.50%

# turns
DLRK
(Delta)
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16

# turns
DLRK
(Star)
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

0.5188685
0.4115731
0.3243182
0.2587698
0.204763
0.1623827
0.1280627
0.1021272
0.0804248
0.0646925
0.0506707
0.0401505
0.0324293
0.0255318
0.022698
0.0201313

8.301895
6.58517
5.189091
4.140318
3.276208
2.598123
2.049003
1.634035
2.573593
2.070159
1.621464
1.927224
2.075474
2.042544
1.815841
1.932608

78.13%
72.43%
65.01%
56.14%
44.57%
30.11%
11.38%
-11.13%
29.44%
12.28%
-11.99%
5.78%
12.51%
11.10%
0.00%
6.04%

# turns
DLRK
(Delta)
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18

# turns
DLRK
(Star)
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

0.5188685
0.4115731
0.3243182
0.2587698
0.204763
0.1623827
0.1280627
0.1021272
0.0804248
0.0646925
0.0506707
0.0401505
0.0324293
0.0255318
0.0201313
0.0176715

9.339632
7.408317
5.837728
4.657857
3.685734
2.922889
2.305128
1.838289
2.895292
2.328929
2.73622
2.168127
2.334908
2.297861
2.174184
1.908518

79.57%
74.24%
67.31%
59.03%
48.22%
34.70%
17.21%
-3.82%
34.08%
18.05%
30.25%
11.97%
18.26%
16.94%
12.22%
0.00%

# turns
DLRK
(Delta)
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20

# turns
DLRK
(Star)
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12

0.5188685
0.4115731
0.3243182
0.2587698
0.204763
0.1623827
0.1280627
0.1021272
0.0804248
0.0646925
0.0506707
0.0401505
0.0324293
0.0255318
0.0201313
0.0176715

10.37737
8.231463
6.486364
5.175397
4.09526
3.247654
2.561253
2.042544
1.608495
2.587698
2.02683
1.60602
1.945757
2.042544
1.610507
1.767146

82.97%
78.53%
72.76%
65.85%
56.85%
45.59%
31.00%
13.48%
-9.86%
31.71%
12.81%
-10.03%
9.18%
13.48%
-9.73%
0.00%

Area for 1
wire (mm2)

45.36%
31.11%
12.58%
-9.57%
30.77%
12.70%
-10.70%
7.46%
11.87%
-9.57%
6.74%
-0.88%
2.86%
0.00%
-0.95%
-0.60%

Scorpion 3008-32 - 1090Kv

Wire
Gauge

Ultra Stik

3008-32

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32.5
33
34

Size

(in) Size (mm) # strands

0.032
0.0285
0.0253
0.0226
0.0201
0.0179
0.0159
0.0142
0.0126
0.0113
0.01
0.0089
0.008
0.0075
0.0071
0.0063

0.8128
0.7239
0.6426
0.574
0.5106
0.4547
0.4038
0.3606
0.32
0.287
0.254
0.2261
0.2032
0.19
0.1803
0.1601

1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
13

Scorpion 2205-32
Wire
Gauge

2205-32

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
33.5
34

Size

(in) Size (mm) # strands

0.032
0.0285
0.0253
0.0226
0.0201
0.0179
0.0159
0.0142
0.0126
0.0113
0.01
0.0089
0.008
0.0071
0.0067
0.0063

0.8128
0.7239
0.6426
0.574
0.5106
0.4547
0.4038
0.3606
0.32
0.287
0.254
0.2261
0.2032
0.1803
0.17
0.1601

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
5
5
6

Scorpion 2205-36
Wire
Gauge

2205-36

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
34.5

Size

(in) Size (mm) # strands

0.032
0.0285
0.0253
0.0226
0.0201
0.0179
0.0159
0.0142
0.0126
0.0113
0.01
0.0089
0.008
0.0071
0.0063
0.0059

0.8128
0.7239
0.6426
0.574
0.5106
0.4547
0.4038
0.3606
0.32
0.287
0.254
0.2261
0.2032
0.1803
0.1601
0.15

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
6
6

Scorpion 2205-40
Wire
Gauge

2205-40

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
34.5

Size

(in) Size (mm) # strands

0.032
0.0285
0.0253
0.0226
0.0201
0.0179
0.0159
0.0142
0.0126
0.0113
0.01
0.0089
0.008
0.0071
0.0063
0.0059

0.8128
0.7239
0.6426
0.574
0.5106
0.4547
0.4038
0.3606
0.32
0.287
0.254
0.2261
0.2032
0.1803
0.1601
0.15

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
4
5

Alfa - 5000Kv
Wire
Gauge
Alfa

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32.5
33
34

Size

(in) Size (mm) # strands

0.032
0.0285
0.0253
0.0226
0.0201
0.0179
0.0159
0.0142
0.0126
0.0113
0.01
0.0089
0.008
0.0075
0.0071
0.0063

0.8128
0.7239
0.6426
0.574
0.5106
0.4547
0.4038
0.3606
0.32
0.287
0.254
0.2261
0.2032
0.19
0.1803
0.1601

1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
6
8
10
13
16
19
20
26

# turns
DLRK
(Delta)

# turns
DLRK
(Star)
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

Area for 1
wire (mm2)
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

0.5188685
0.4115731
0.3243182
0.2587698
0.204763
0.1623827
0.1280627
0.1021272
0.0804248
0.0646925
0.0506707
0.0401505
0.0324293
0.0283529
0.0255318
0.0201313

Total wire
area
(mm2)
2.594342
2.057866
3.243182
2.587698
3.071445
2.435741
2.561253
2.042544
2.412743
2.587698
2.533537
2.609783
2.594342
2.693523
2.553179
2.617073

0.00%
-26.07%
20.01%
-0.26%
15.53%
-6.51%
-1.29%
-27.02%
-7.53%
-0.26%
-2.40%
0.59%
0.00%
3.68%
-1.61%
0.87%