Presented by Date

: Mr. Che Sokunth : 17.Sept.2012

Contents
I. GSM Basic Channel Type Logical Channel Physical Channel - FDMA & TDMA II. Evolution of Packet Data Speed Introduction CSD HSCSD GPRS (2.5G) EDGE (2.75G) UMTS (3G/WCDMA) HSPA
1-HSDPA (3.5G) 2-HSUPA (3.75G)
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Logical Channel

Logical channels
Logical channels divided in to following two categories:
Traffic Channels Signaling Channels

Two types of traffic channels used:

Full Rate Speech TCH (TCHF) - 13 kbps 2. Half Rate Speech TCH (TCHH) - 5.6 kbps
1.

Three type of Signaling Channels

Broadcast Channel BCH 2. Common Control Channel CCCH 3. Dedicate Control Channel - DCCH
1.
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Logical Channel

Logical Channel

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Traffic Channel (TCH)

Traffic channels are Bi-directional logical channel that transfer the user

speech or data. Full Rate TCH ( TCH/F) :

This channel carries information at a gross rate at 13Kbit/s Now it is 22.8 Kbit/s with latest R9.1

Half Rate TCH (TCH/H) : This Channel carried information at a gross rate at 6.5Kbit/s Now it is 11.4 Kbit/s with latest R9.1

Enhance Full Rate :

The speech coding in EFR is still done at 13Kbit/s, but the coding

mechanism is different that is used for normal FR. EFR gives better speech quality at the same bit rate than normal FR.

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Logical Channel

I- Broadcast Channel BCH

Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH) Synchronization Channel (SCH) Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

Cell Broadcast Channel (CBCH)

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Logical Channel

1- Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH)

Downlink Direction This channel contains frequency correction bursts, used by the mobiles

for frequency correction

Help the mobile station find a frequency for downlink reception

Adjust its frequency oscillator for the uplink transmission

RNP/O - By Mr. Che Sokunth

Logical Channel

2- Synchronization Channel (SCH)

Downlink Direction This channel is used by the MS to decode the BSIC
NCC: To identify the BTS for which measurement is made BCC: Used for a better transmission in case of interference

TDMA Frame and Frame Number

Lets the MS know what TDMA frame they are on within the hyperframe.

SCH bursts are located at slot 0 of some specific carriers The 64 bit frame synchronization is put in the synchronization field in

synchronization burst

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Logical Channel

3- Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

Broadcasts Network and Cell specific information required to identify:
Mobile Network Code (MNC) Mobile Country Code (MCC) Location Area Code (LAC) Cell identity Frequencies of neighboring cells Minimum received signal strength Max output power allowed in the cell

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Logical Channel

4- CELL BROADCAST CONTROL CHANNEL (CBCH)

Downlink Direction Broadcasting specific information to network subscribers, such as:
Weather Traffic Sports stocks, etc.

It is used to carry Short Message Service Cell Broadcast (SMSCB) and

uses the same physical channel as the SDCCH

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Logical Channel

II. Common Control Channels (CCCH)

Paging Channel (PCH) Downlink Random Access Channel (RACH) - Uplink Access Grant Channel (AGCH) - Downlink

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Logical Channel

1. Paging Channel (PCH)

Broadcast in the downlink by all base stations within a Location Area Every MS in a cell periodically listen to this channel. Used for alerting to Mobile Subscribers for: Incoming calls

SMS and other mobility services.

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Logical Channel

2. Random Access Channel (RACH)

Uplink direction only MS send request to the network for a dedicated resource MS sends an Access Burst on this channel (FN and TA)

Random number and an establishment cause

68.25-bit time is used as guard time. This guard time corresponds to a

propagation distance of 75 km, or a maximum cell radius of 37.5km

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Logical Channel

3. Access Grant Channel (AGCH)

Downlink direction Initiate Immediate assignment procedure Network allocates a specific dedicated signaling channel

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Logical Channel

III. Dedicated Control Channels (DCCH)

Standalone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH) Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH) Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)

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Logical Channel

1. Standalone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH)

Assigned to the mobile station to exchange the requested signaling

with the network:

Authentication Ciphering Call set-up Location Update Assignment of Traffic Channel SMS

Established by using RACH and before the allocation of a TCH (traffic

channel). Uses 4 slots within the 51-frame control multiframe

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Logical Channel

2. Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)

transmitted in both Uplink and Downlink directions Associated with a TCH or an SDCCH for control and supervision of

signals associated with the traffic channels. Uplink : MS Sends the averaged measurement on its own BTS and neighboring BTSs Downlink: MS receives information regarding information concerning

Transmit power to use

Instructions on Timing Advance

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Logical Channel

3. Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH)

Both Uplink and Downlink Direction While Calls in progress and HO is required FACCH is used It steals- 2 bits flag to convert the TCH or SDCCH burst and inserts

its own information. It used to send urgent signaling control messages such as: User authentication
Handover

Call release

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Physical Channel

FDMA : Frequency Division Multiple Access

Different frequency channels are assigned to each BTS ARFCN Carrier separation: 200kHz Carrier Frequency GSM 900 : 124
GSM 1800

: 374 GSM 1900 : 299

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Physical Channel

TDMA: Times Division Multiple Access

A method where several subscribers share one frequency Each Timeslots are used to transmit voice data, or information on signaling

and synchronization There are four main types of bursts and 4 multiframes Structure in TDMA: I. TDMA Burst 1. Normal Burst (NB)
2. Frequency Correction Burst (FB) 3. Synchronization Burst (SB) 4. Access Burst (AB)

II. TDMA Frame

1. Control Channel Multiframes 2.Traffic Channel Multiframes 3. Superframe 4. Hyperframe
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Physical Channel

Normal Burst (NB)

Tail Bits: (3-Bits) Compensate the power to Increase and Decrease Data Bits: (57 Bits) Data Payload Stealing Flags: 0 for Voice/Data, 1 For signaling (Stolen By FACCH)

Training Sequence: used to overcome multi-path fading and

propagation effects through a method called equalization.

TDMA Bust
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Physical Channel

Frequency Correction Burst (FB)

Frequency synchronization The same guard time as a normal bit (8.25 bits) Broadcasting on the logical channel FCCH.

TDMA Bust
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Physical Channel

Synchronization Burst
Timing for synchronization of the mobile Data payload carries the TDMA Frame Number (FN) and (BSIC) Broadcasting with the frequency correction burst

Broadcasting on the Synchronization Channel (SCH).

TDMA Bust
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Physical Channel

Access Burst
Use for random access It has a much longer guard period (delay for Unknown Distance) It takes 252 s for expectation distance without interfere

Single bit equal to 3.69 s

TDMA Bust
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Physical Channel

Control Channel Multiframes

Composed of 51 TDMA frames within duration 235.4 ms The beacon frequency in TS0 and it may also occur within TS2, 4 and 6

logical channels as below function: BCCH, FCCH, SCH, CCCH (RACH, PCH, AGCH), SDCCH, SACCH, FACCH

TDMA Frame
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Physical Channel

Traffic Channel Multiframe

Composed of 26 TDMA frames within duration = 120 ms 24 bursts are used for traffic channel (TCH) 2 Burst are used for measurement report (SACCH)

TDMA Frame
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Physical Channel

Superframe & Hyperframe

I. Superframe Combines the period of a 51 multiframe with 26 multiframes (6.12 sec) Allows all mobile devices to scan all the different time frame types II. Hyperframe Composed of 2048 superframes (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds) The unique sequential number comprising the FN and TN Synchronize frequency hopping Encryption processes for voice privacy of subscribers' conversations

TDMA Frame
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Physical Channel

GSM Frame Structure Summary

TDMA Frame
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II. Evolution of Packet Data Speed Introduction

CSD HSCSD GPRS (2.5G) EDGE (2.75G) 3G/UMTS (WCDMA)

HSPA
1-HSDPA (3.5G) 2-HSUPA (3.75G)

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CSD- Circuit Switched Data

Developed in 1980, deployment in 1990 Data transmission developed for TDMA-based mobile phone systems

like GSM. Data Rate 9.6kbps as a single time slot IS-136 added a number of features to the original IS-54 specification to improved compression protocol. It takes up to 30 sec for connection to the network

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HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data

Enhancement to Circuit Switched Data (CSD) Full allocated bandwidth of the connection is available Use multiple time slots to increase data throughput

Quality of the radio link archived data rate 14.4Kbps

Achieved speed up to 57.6Kbps Charged by period of time, just a short time, now dead !

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GPRS- General Packet Radio Service

It use packet-switched instead of circuit-switched (CSD or HSCSD) In theory, GPRS data transfer speeds can reach up to 115.2kbps Practical high speeds: typically 32 - 48 kbps

Use the same TDMA Frame, modulation, channel coding and time slot

structure like GSM (GMSK) It is considered as 2.5G, between the 2nd and 3rd generation The data rate can achieved up to 171.2 kbps New network elements in Core network (SGSN and GGSN)

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GPRS Channel Encoding and Devices Support

Coding Scheme CS-1 CS-2 Speed (kbit/s) 9.05 13.4 8 time-slots 72.4 kb/s 107.2 kb/s

CS-3
CS-4

15.6
21.4

124.8 kb/s
171.2 kb/s

Devices supporting GPRS Class A Class B Class C The MS is attached to both GSM and GPRS simultaneously The MS is attached to both but can operate in only one at a time The MS is attached to GPRS or other GSM services

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The multi-slot classes are as follows:

Multi-slot Class 1 2 3 Downlink TS 1 2 2 Uplink TS 1 1 2 Max. Slot 2 3 3

4
5 6 7 8 9 10

3
2 3 3 4 3 4

1
2 2 3 1 2 2

4
4 4 5 5 5 5

11
12
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4
4

3
4

5
5
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EDGE- Enhance Data for Global Evolution

Provides data transfer rates significantly than GPRS Throughput per timeslot from 8.8kbps59.2 kbps Data Rate achieved up to 474kbps EDGE almost 3G as part of Release 7 It meets the requirements for a 3G network but is usually classified as

2.75G. EDGE supported 384kbps theoretically (The delay of delivery of 3G/UMTS network)

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GSM EDGE evolution specification overview

PARAMETER Multiple Access Technology Duplex Technique Channel Spacing Modulation Slots per channel Frame duration Overall symbol rate Radio data rate per time slot Max user data rate per time slot Max user data rate when using 8 time slots DETAILS FDMA / TDMA FDD 200 kHz GMSK, 8PSK 8 4.615 ms 270 k symbols / s 69.2 kbps 59.2 kbps (MCS-9) 473.6 kbps **

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UMTS/3G
First commercial deployments in 2002 UMTS is a component of the International Telecommunications

Union IMT-2000 standard set RF channel bandwidth5 MHz High data rates expected:
2 Mbps for indoor 384 kbps for pedestrians

144 kbps for vehicles

Used wideband CDMA, time division CDMA The radio access specifications provide: FDD and TDD It supports Circuit and Packet Service

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GSM Development Evolution

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HSPA - High Speed Packet Access

Extends and improves the performance of existing 3rd generation

mobile telecommunication networks Release 5 and Release 6 is commercially deployed. Adaptive modulation: : QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM WCDMA Technology The theoretical data rate:
HSDPA : Release 5 E-DL - 14.4 Mbps

HSUPA : Release 6 E-UL- 5.76Mbps

Note: About HSPA will held with next session training or self-study through the attached handout !
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Acronyms and Terms

FDMA TDMA CSD HSCSD GPRS EDGE UMTS WCDMA HSPA HSDPA HSUPA GGSN SGSN

: Frequency Division Multiple Access : Times Division Multiple Access : Circuit Switched Data : High Speed Circuit Switched Data : General Packet Radio Service : Enhance Data for Global Evolution : Universal Mobile Telecommunications System : Wideband Code Division Multiple Access : High Speed Packet Access : High-Speed Downlink Packet Access : High-Speed Uplink Packet Access : Gateway GPRS Service Node : Serving GPRS Service Node
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GSM Frequency Band & Measurement Scale

System T-GSM-380 T-GSM-410 GSM-450 GSM-480 GSM-710 GSM-750 T-GSM-810 GSM-850 P-GSM-900 E-GSM-900 R-GSM-900 T-GSM-900 DCS-1800 PCS-1900 Band 380 410 450 480 710 750 810 850 900 900 900 900 1800 1900 Uplink (MHz) 380.2389.8 410.2419.8 450.6457.6 479.0486.0 698.2716.2 747.2762.2 806.2821.2 824.2849.2 890.0915.0 880.0915.0 876.0915.0 870.4876.0 1,710.21,784.8 1,850.21,909.8 Downlink (MHz) 390.2399.8 420.2429.8 460.6467.6 489.0496.0 728.2746.2 777.2792.2 851.2866.2 869.2894.2 935.0960.0 925.0960.0 921.0960.0 915.4921.0 1,805.21,879.8 1,930.21,989.8 Channel number dynamic dynamic 259293 306340 dynamic 438511 dynamic 128251 1124 9751023, 0-124 9551023, 0-124 dynamic 512885 512810

Tims Scale 1h = 60min 1min = 60s 1s = 1000 ms 1ms = 1000 us 1us = 1000 ns 1ns = 1000 ps

1 TBite 1 GBite 1 MBite 1 KBite 1 Bite

Capacity Scale = 1000 GBite = 1000 MBite = 1000 KBite = 1000 Bite = 8 bit

1 Gbps 1 Mbps 1 kbps

Speed Scale = 1000 Mbps = 1000 Kbps = 1000 bps

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Thanks
Q&A

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