M0h h06.kY Th0kT Th0Y L06 Vk kh hEh.

hguoI bIan soan.Ths.Fhung rhan Thanh

8o mon 6ha Iao may, khoa ro kh.
(6huong Irnh gIang day rho Iop ky su IaI nang ).





040 0Y0 00Y0
MY P THY
LC








GII THIU MN HC.
MN HC K THUT THU LC V KH NN
( FLUID POWER )
Ffluid power = Hydraulic power + Pneumatic.
-Hydraulic power:Truyn ng thu lc
-Pneumatic : Truyn ng kh nn.
I. Ni dung mn hc:Trnh by kin thc c bn v cc
phn t, linh kin,thit b thu lc v kh nn.
Phng php tnh ton,thit k cc mch thu lc
,kh nn c bn.
Mn hc gm c 3 phn c l thuyt v th nghim
thc hnh.:
-Phn I: Truyn ng thu lc (l thuyt).
-Phn II: Truyn ng kh nn (l thuyt).
-Phn th nghim thc hnh :Ti phng th
nghim.
II.Yu cu: Hon thnh phn th nghim l iu kin tin
quyt c d thi cui hc k.
III.Ti liu tham kho:
1.MICHAEL J.PINCHES JOHN.ASHBY.
POWER HYDRAULICS.
2.KH NN. Dch gi Phan nh Hun, dch t
nguyn bn ting Php .Trung tm bo dng
cng nghip.
3.Nguyn Ngc Cn.Truyn ng du p trong my
ct Kim loi. i hc Bch khoa TP.H Ch Minh.








040 0Y0 00Y0
MY P THY
LC






040 0Y0 00Y0 004 kF Ik0Y0
0IF0 #kIFY Ik07 l00
THIT B NGOM




PHN I: TRUYN NG THU LC.
CHNG1:
I CNG V TRUYN NG THU LC
(INTRODUCTION)
1.1.Cc nguyn l thu lc.
1.1.1.Cc tnh cht ca lu cht.
1-T trng ca cht lng thay i rt t khi
thay i p sut v nhit nn c th coi
l khng b nn.
2- nht l thng s lm vic rt quan
trng:
- nht ng lc: k hiu , n v
l:Poad P
1P =
m
s N
2
.
.
10
1

- nht ng:k hiu :
Vi : =

Th nguyn l :
S
m
2
. Gi :
S
m
2
4
10

l stc
k hiu l St v 1/100 ca Stc l centi stc k
hiu l : cSt.
U 1.1.2U.Cc h thng n v dng trong thu lc.
-H mt:n v c s : mt,kg ,sec.
-H Anh: foot,pound,second
-H SI: mt,Newton,sec.
-Khi lng : 1 kg = 2.2 lb(hay 1 lb = 0.456 kg)-
(pound mass)
-Lc : (pound force) : 1 lbf = 4.45 N.
-Cng sut : 1 hp = 745,7 W .

U1.1.3.Up sut ca cht lng :
-p sut thu tnh Hnh 1.1





- nh lut Pascal: p sut bng Lc/ din tch:
Hinh 1.1b

a
F
A
W
p = = .
-Cng sinh ra: Cng = W.L = p.A.L.

-Ct p tnh: Bng tch t trng cht lng v
chiu cao ct cht lng: p
t
= w.h.
Bi tp 1.1.(trang 5).
Ca ht ca bm t thp hn mt thong ca b cha
0.6m .Bit t trng ca du l 0.86 ,Xc nh ct p tnh ti
ca ht ca bm ?
Bi gii :
p d ng c ng thc: p
t
= w.h
p
t
= 0.86.1000.0.6 = 516 kg/m
2

=0.0516 kg/cm
2

=0.0506 bar.(Ch 1kg/cm
2
=0.981 bar)




Hnh 1.1b.
1.1.4.Dng lu cht. Hnh 1.2
.Chiu dng chy: T ni c p sut cao n
ni p sut thp.
.Tn hao p sut trong ng ng:Ph thuc vo s
Rynl :
10
3 .

D v
Re
= ,vi :
V (m/s), D(mm), : nht ng (cst).
1.Chy tng (steamline flow): Re < 2300
a.T l thun vi l,d ca ng.
b.T l thun vi lu lng Q
c.Khng ph thuc vo p sut
d.Khng ph thuc nhm thnh ng.
e.Ph thuc rt nhiu vo nht ca
cht lng , nht ph thuc vo nhit
.
2-Chy ri(turbulent flow): Re > 2300
a.T l thun vi l,d ca ng.
b.T l bc hai vi lu lng Q
c.Khng ph thucvo p sut
d Ph thuc rt nhiu vo nhm
thnh ng.
e.Khng thuc vo nht ca cht lng







Hnh 1.2 : Quan h gia tn tht p sut v lu lng

Bi tp 1.2.(Trang 7)
T nh ton ng knh ng ht v ng
y ca bm c lu lng 40l/ph,vn tc ln nht c a ht
l 1.2 m/s, c a y l 3.5 m/s.
-Lu lng : Q = A. v
-Kt qu tnh ra : d
h
= 26.6 mm v d

= 15.6mm,phi lm
trn v ly theo tiu chun :d
h
= 29mm,d

= 20mm.
1.1.5.Cng v cng sut thu lc.
1.Cng thu lc:
Cng = Lc Qung ng =p sut th tch.
Cng = p.A.L = p.V.
2.Cng sut:
Cng sut =p sut lu lng.

KW
Q p
P
600

=

Bi tp 1.3.( trang 9)
Mt bm c lu lng 12 l/ph, lm vic vi p sut 200 bar.
1.Hy tnh cng sut thu lc ca bm.
2.Cho bit hiu sut chung ca bm l 60%,hy xc nh
cng sut ng c in quay bm?

1.2.Cc loi mch thu lc(Hydraulic circuitd):
Hnh 1.3
1.Mch thu lc h (Open-circuit
transmission)
2.Mch thu lc kn(Closed-circuit
transmission)




Hnh 1.3.Cc loi mch thu lc







3.S dt bm( Hnh 1.4)


Hinh.1.4.S t bm






Hinh.1.5.B d

1.3. K hiu tiu chun ho cc linh kin ca h thng
thu lc (hydraulic symbols).




CHNG 2:
BM TRONG H THNG THU LC
(PUMPS).
2.1 PHN LOI BM (TYPES OF PUMP)
Trong h thng thu lc bm cung cp cho cht
lng mt p sut cn thit khc phc cc tr lc v
mt lu lng yu cu m bo tc lm vic.C
hai nhm bm chnh:
1-Nhm bm ng hc hay cn gi l bm cnh
dn(non-positive displacement):
Hnh 2.1.



Hnh 2.1.Bm ng hc










Hinh2.1b. Bm ly tm






Hnh 2.1c,Bm hng trc

Hnh 2.1d.Cnh bm hng trc

2-Nhm bm th tch(positive displacement).
Ch ng c tnh ca 2 nhm .
Ta ch quan tm n nhm bm th tch.
Kho st 1 bm piston n :
Hnh 2.2 .



Cc thng s lm vic ca bm:
a.Lu lng ring ca bm: D
p
[cm
3
/vng)
b.Lu lng l thuyt : Q
lt
[lt/pht]
c.Lu lng thc t ca bm: Q
p
[lt/pht]
d.Hiu sut th tch ca bm: p
v
%

n D
Q
p p
p
v
p

e.Hiu sut m men xon : p
t
%

T
P D
p
p p
T
p
. 2

=
f.Hiu sut chung ca bm: p
o
%
) ( ) (
0

T v
p p p =




Bi tp 2.1: (Example 2.1) - Trang 17.
Mt bm c Dp=0.14 cm
3
/v quay n
p
=1440 v/ph, p sut lm
vic 150 bar.Hi u sut th tch 0.9,hi u sut chung 0.8.
1.H y x c nh l u l ng thc ca bm.
2.Cng sut vo trn trc bm.
3.M men xon trn trc bm.
Bi tp 2.2: Trang 18.
M t bm th tch c lu lng 1 l/ph . tr vo mt ng c
th tch l 1 l t.
Nu cui ng b chn t ngt .Hy tnh p su t tng ln sau
1 giy?
Cho bit m un n hi c a du l B = 20.000 bar.

V
B
V
P

=
Xuy ra:
V
B
V
P

=
.
.Tnh ra 333 bar.
Nhn xt.
2.1.1.Bm quay.
Cc loi bm quay(Rotary pumps) gm:
1.Bm bnh rng n khp ngoi.
H nh 2.3: Bm bnh rng


Hinh2.3.Bm bnh rng











Bm banh rang an khp ngoai



2.Bm bnh rng n khp trong.



Bm banh rang trong


H nh2.4:Gerotor pump.



H nh2.4:Gerotor pump.


Bm bnh rng cho p sut cung cp 200 bar,
loi chnh xc c th n 300 bar.
3.Bm cnh gt.






H nh 2.5: Bm cnh gt
-Bm cnh gt n (simple vane pump): p sut
cung cp: 70 bar.
-Bm cnh gt kp(balanced vane pump): p
sut : 175 bar.

















2.1.2.Bm piston(Reciprocating pumps).
C 3 loi bm piston: Bm piston dc trc,bm
piston hng knh v bm kiu dy .
c im chung: Nhm bm ny cho p sut lm
vic cao hn nhm bm quay do vic ch to t
chnh xc cao, kn kht cao.
1.Bm piston dc trc.(Axial piston pump).
Hnh 2.6 v hnh 2.7
















Hnh 2.7a.b
- p sut lm vic: p= 350-700 bar(Thng p=350-400
bar)
-Qp: 200-3500 l/pht.



Hnh 2.7c



2.Bm piston hng knh (Radial piston pump).






Bm piston hng knh




He thong bm- ong c ien

Hnh . 2.8. v hnh 2.8 b




Hnh.2.8b

Hnh 2.8 c
-p sut lm vic: p=350-750 bar v cao hn na.
-Lu lng: Qp=200-1000 l/pht.
3.Bm piston dy(Plunger pump).
Hnh 2.9.


-p sut : p=1000 bar.
-Lu lng: Qp = 600l/pht.

2.1.3.Cc h thng iu khin bm c lu lng ring
thay i(Variable-displacement pump- control
systems).
-Phn ny cp n cc bm c lu lng ring
iu chnh c.(Dp thay i ).
1.Kiu iu khin tr ng bng tay(Manual
servocontrol).
Hnh 2.10 v hnh 2.11.
Dng tay iu khin van tr ng.












2.iu khin kiu b tr p sut(Presure-
compensated control).
Hnh 2.12 v hnh 2.13.






Dng mt van gii hn p sut v mt xy lanh tc
ng n.



3.iu khin c cng sut khng i (Constant power
control).
Hnh 2.14, hnh 2.15 v hnh 2.16.










4.iu khin c lu lng khng i(Constant-flow
control).
Hnh 2.17.
Theo nh lut Toricelli .



2.1.4.La chn bm.
1. Cc thng s chnh khi la chn bm thu lc.Trang 30.
2. Cc bng tiu chun :
- Bng2.1:H thng p sut max cho cc ng dng.
-Bng 2.2: Phm vi p sut v lu lng ca mt
s loi bm.
- Bng 2.3:Hiu sut ca bm.








2.2.MCH BM.
C mt s mch bm thng dng trong h thng
thu lc:
1.Mch dng 1 bm c lu lng c nh(Mch h)
2.Mch kt hp 1 bm c lu lng c nh v bnh
tch p(Mch h).
3.Mch kt hp nhiu bm c lu lng c
nh(Mch h).
4.Mch chuyn i thu tnh(Mch thu lc kn).
2.2.1.Mch dng 1 bm c lu lng c nh.
Hnh 2.18 v hnh 2.19.


Ch n cc trng hp ng dng c hiu qu.
2.2.2.Mch kt hp 1 bm lu lng c nh v bnh
tch p (acumulator).
Hnh 2.20.





Bi tp ng dng 2.3: Trang 37 So snh hiu qu khi
dng bnh tch p.
Mt xilanh lm vic theo chu k p su t v lu lng nh :
Hnh 2.21 v hnh 2.22 v h nh 2.23.
T nh to n c ng su t tiu th trong hai trng hp dng
bm c lu lng c nh v h thng c bnh tch p.








2.2.3.Mch c nhiu bm(Multi-pump).
- Mch c 3 b m:
Bi tp 2.4 -H nh 2.24

- M ch c 2 bm : H nh 2.15.
Bi tp 2.5



2.2.4.Mch dng bm c lu lng ring thay i c.


2.3.DN NG CHO BM.
-ng c in.
-ng c t trong.
-ng c kh nn.
-ng c thu lc.
Hnh 2.26.Mch gim ti cho bm bng van
thot(Vent valve).


Hnh 2.27.Mch bm dng van thot khng
kh.(airbleed valve).

Hnh 2.28.Mch dng ng c kh nn.






2.4.THIT K MCH BM.
(Pump circuit design stady).
Bi tp 2.6:Bi tp tp tng hp.
D liu thit k: H thng thu lc cp du bi 1 bm , yu
cu c ng c tnh lm vic v lu lng v p sut nh
hnh 2.29. Thi gian ton b chu k l 30 giy.H thng yu
cu lu lng mt na chu k,cn p sut cn thit trong
2/3 chu k.S dng du khong v khng c yu cu g c
bit. Vi cng d liu trn c 4 gii php thc hin :

1.Dng 1 bm c lu lng c nh.
2.Dng kt hp 2 bm c lu lng c nh.
3.Dng mch c kt hp vi bnh tch p.
4.Dng mch bm c b tr p sut.