Bi 1:

a, Phn tch a thc sau thnh nhn t a

3
+ b
3
+ c
3
-3abc
b, Chng minh rng : Nu a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
=3abc th a =b= c hoc a+b+c =0
c , Chng minh bt ng thc cosi cho 3 s khng m : x,y,z ta c :
x+y+z 3
3
xyz
Gii : a,Ta c : a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
-3abc =(a+b+c)(a
2
+b
2
+ c
2
- ab-ac-bc)
b,Kt qu suy ra t phn a
c,Suy ra t phn a
Bi 2 : Cho a+b+c =0 Chng minh rng :
a,2(a
5
+ b
5
+ c
5
) =5abc(a
2
+ b
2
+c
2
)
b, 2(a
7
+ b
7
+ c
7
) =7abc(a
2
b
2
+ b
2
c
2
+c
2
a
2
)
Hng dn : p dng phn a bi 1
Bi 3 : Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh nhn t :
a,(x
2
-x+2 )
2
+ (x-2)
2
b,6x
5
+ 5x
4
+20x
3
+15x
2
+6x+1
c,(x-y)
3
+(y-z)
3
+(z-x)
3
d,x
8
+ x
4
+1
e,x
12
+1
( Hs v nh t trnh by )
Bai 4 : Cho 0; 0. x y z xy yz zx + + + + Chng minh rang
. x y z
Hng dn :Tnh ( x+y + z)
2
Bi 5 : Cho cc s a,b c tho mn iu kin :
2 2 2
0
14
a b c
a b c
+ +
'
+ +

Tnh
4 4 4
14 a b c + +
H ng dn : Vit
4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) 2( ) a b c a b c a b b c c a + + + + + +
Tm cch tnh
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b b c c a + +
nh gt
Bi 6 : Cho cc s a, b c tho mn cc h thc :a
3
- 3a
2
+5a -17=0 , b
3
-3b
2
+5b+11= 0
Hy tnh a+b
Gii : Ta c : t a
3
- 3a
2
+5a -17=0 a
3
- 3a
2
+3a -1 +2a -2-14 =0
GV: Phm Vn m 45 Tr ng
THCS Tn Vit
(a-1)
3
+2(a-1)-14 =0 (1)
Tng t : b
3
-3b
2
+5b+11= 0(b-1)
3
+2(b-1)+14 =0 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c : (a-1)
3
+2(a-1)-14 + (b-1)
3
+2(b-1)+14 = 0
(a+b-2){ (a-1)
2
-(a-1) (b-1) +(b-1)
2
}+2(a+b-2) =0
(a+b-2){ (a-1)
2
-(a-1) (b-1) +(b-1)
2
+2}= 0
a+b-2 = 0 hay a+b =2
Bi 7 : Cho cc s a b , tho mn : a
3
- 3ab
2
=19 , b
3
-3a
2
b = 98
Hy tnh a
2
+ b
2
Hng dn : Tnh bnh phng cc v ca cc h thc cho v cng li
Bi 8 :Cho cc s a,b c tho mn iu kin :
2 2 2
1 a b c + +
v
3 3 3
1 a b c + +
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc : S =a
2
+ b
4
+ c
1945

Gii : Ta c :
[ ]
2 2 2
2 3 2 3 2 3
1 , , 1,1
; ;
a b c a b c
a a b b c c
+ +

T gt :

2 2 2
3 3 3
2 3 2 3 2 3
2 2 2
2
2
2
1
1
0
(1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 0
(1 ) 0
(1 ) 0
(1 ) 0
a b c
a b c
a a b b c c
a a b b c c
a a
b b
c c
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +

Trong 3 s a, b ,c lun c 2 s bng 0 v 1 s = 1 . Gi s cc s l : a =0 , b=0 , c =1 . Vy tng S

=1
Bi 9
a,: Cho cc s a , b ,c d tho mn :a
2
+ b
2
+ (a+b)
2
= c
2
+d
2
+ (c+d)
2
. Chng minh rng : a
4
+ b
4
+
(a+b)
4
= c
4
+d
4
+ (c+d)
4
b,: Cho cc s a , b ,c d tho mn :a
2
+ b
2
+ (a-b)
2
= c
2
+d
2
+ (c-d)
2
. Chng minh rng : a
4
+ b
4
+ (a-
b)
4
= c
4
+d
4
+ (c-d)
4
Bai 10 : a) Cho ( )
2 2 2
3 2 a b c a b c + + + + + . Chng minh rang: a = b = c = 1.
b) Cho
( ) ( )
2
3 a b c ab ac bc + + + + . Chng minh rang: a = b = c.
c) Cho
2 2 2
a b c ab ac bc + + + +
. Chng minh rang: a = b = c.
GV: Phm Vn m 46 Tr ng
THCS Tn Vit
Bai 1 1 : Cho
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 a b b c c a a b c b c a c a b + + + + + + + .
Chng minh rang: a = b = c.
Bai 12: Cho a,b,c,d la cac so khac 0 va ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d + + + + + + .
Chng minh rang:
a b
c d
.
Bi 1 3 . Cho ba s x, y, z tho mn ng thi :
2 2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1 0 x y y z z x + + + + + +
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc :
2007 2007 2007
A x y z + + .
( Gv hng dn ,hc sinh v nh t trnh by cc bi tp 9,10,11,12,13 )
Tn Vit,ngy .... thng .... nm 2009
Bui 7 : Bin i ng nht biu thc hu t
A. Mc tiu:
- Hc sinh vn dng cc kin thc hc bin i tng ng mt biu thc t cc iu
kin cho trc
- Bit vn dng kin thc vo lm cc bi tp
- Rn luyn cho HS cc k nng suy ngh, trnh by, din t cc dng ton.
- Gio dc tnh cn thn, tnh linh hot, sng to cho HS.
B. Chun b:
- GV: + Gio n.
+ Bng ph.
- HS: n tp cc quy tc cng , tr , nhn chia phn thc
C. tin trnh dy hc:
I. L thuyt :
(GV nu tng cu hi, HS ln lt tr li, HS nhn xt, b sung, GV un nn, cng c v h thng li
kin thc)
- Cc quy tc cng , tr , nhn chia phn thc
II.Bi tp :
i vi mi bi tp, dng mi th GV cha mu, nu khng, HS lm ti ch, (nu bi no khng
c HS no lm c th GV gi dn cho HS suy ngh), HS khc nhn xt, b sung, sau GV cha
bi, cht cch lm.
Bi 1:
GV: Phm Vn m 47 Tr ng
THCS Tn Vit
Cho 3 s thc a, b c khc khng tho mn a+b+c 0 v
1 1 1 1
a b c a b c
+ +
+ +
. Chng minh rng
trong 3 s a , b c lun c hai s i nhau. T suy ra : Vi mi s nguyn n le th
1 1 1 1
n n n n n n
a b c a b c
+ +
+ +
Gii : Ta c :

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0
0
( )
0
( )
1 1
( ) 0
( )
( )( )( ) 0
a b c a b c a b c a b c
a b a b
ab c a b c
a b a b
ab c a b c
a b
ab c a b c
a b b c c a
a b
b c
c a
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
1
+ +
1
+ +
]
+ + +

Vy trong 3 s a , b c lun c hai s i nhau.

...........................
Bi 2 :
Cho 3 s thc a, b c khc khng tho mn a+b+c =2001 v
1 1 1 1
2001 a b c
+ + .
Chng minh rng trong 3 s a , b c c t nht mt s bng 2001
Hng dn : Suy ra t bi tp 1
Bi 3 :Cho cc s a, b , c khc 0 tho mn
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
x y z x y z
a b c a b c
+ +
+ +
+ +
. Tnh g tr ca biu thc :
2008 2008 2008
A x y z + +
Gii : T gt ta c :
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0
. . . 0(1)
x y z x y z
a b c a b c
x y z x y z
a b c a b c a b c a b c
b c a c a b
x y y
a b c a b c a b c
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+ + + + + +
Do a,b,c 0 nn t (1) a =b =c =0. Vy A=0
GV: Phm Vn m 48 Tr ng
THCS Tn Vit
Bai 4 : Cho cc s a,b,c,x,y,z tho mn :
x by cz
y cz ax
z ax by
+

+
'

Bit a, b,c khc -1. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc

1 1 1
A
1 1 1 a b c
+ +
+ + +
Gi : T gt ta c :
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 ( 1)
1 2
1
1 2 1 2
: ;
1 1
x
y cz ax x y z ax by cz
z ax by
x y z ax by cz
x y z z cz z c
z
c x y z
x y
Tuong tu
a x y z b x y z

+ + + + +
'

+ + + +
+ + + +

+ + +

+ + + + + +
T thay vo biu thc ta tnh c : A = 2
Bi 5 : Cho x,y,z tho mn : xy + yz + zx = 0 v x + y + z = -1004
Hy tnh gi tr ca: B =
xy zx yz
z y x
+ +
Hng dn : Ta c : ( 0)
xy yz xz
x y Do xy yz zx
z z

+ +
Tng t : ( 0)
yz xz xy
z y Do xy yz zx
x x

+ +
( 0)
zx xz zy
x z Do xy yz zx
y y

+ +
T tnh c B = 2008
Bi 6 :
Cho ba s a, b , c khc 0 tho mn:
0
1 1 1
+ +
c b a . Hy tnh P =
2 2 2
b
ac
a
bc
c
ac
+ +
Hng dn :T :
3 3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 3
0
a b c a b c abc
+ + + +
Ta c : P =
2 2 2 3 3 3
1 1 1 3
( ) . 3
ac bc ac
abc abc
c a b a b c abc
+ + + +
Bi 7 :
Cho s x > 0 tho mn:
2
2
1
7 x
x
+ . Hy tnh P =
5
5
1
x
x
+
Hng dn : T
GV: Phm Vn m 49 Tr ng
THCS Tn Vit
2
2
2
2
1 1
7 2 7
1 1
9 3 ( 0)
x x
x x
x x do x
x x
_
+ +

,
_
+ + >

,
Ta c : P =
5 3 2
5 3 2
1 1 1 1
( )( ) ( ) x x x x
x x x x
+ + + +
P =
2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1
( )( 1)( ) ( ) x x x x
x x x x
+ + + +
P =3.(7-1).7-3 =123
Bi 7 :
Cho ba s a,b,c khc nhau v : 0
a b c
b c c a b a
+ +

Chng minh rng :
2 2 2
0
( ) ( ) ( )
a b c
b c c a b a
+ +

Hng dn :
2
2 2
2
0
( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )( )( )
a b c a b c
b c c a a b b c c a a b
a b c
b c c a b c a b b c
a b ab c ca
b c c a b c a b

+ + +


+

+


T
Tng t ta c :
2 2
2
2 2
2
( ) ( )( )( )
( ) ( )( )( )
b c ab a bc
c a c a b c a b
c a ac c bc
a b c a b c a b
+

Cng cc v ca ng thc ta c iu phi chng minh
Bi 8 : Cho a,c,b l 3 s khc nhau v a+b+c =0
CMR :
2
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
a b c a b c
_
+ + + +

,
Hng dn : Bin i VP = VT da v HT th nht cho 3 s
Bi 9 : Cho a,c,b l 3 s khc nhau v a+b+c =0
Chng minh rng :
_ _

, ,
a- b b- c c-a c a b
+ + + + =9
c a b a- b b-c c-a
( Gv hng dn , hc sinh v nh t cm)
Tn Vit,ngy .... thng .... nm 2009
GV: Phm Vn m 50 Tr ng
THCS Tn Vit