Chng 4: PHAN TCH & THIET KE MACH TN HIEU NHO TAN SO THAP

4.1 Gii thieu 4.2 Cac thong so Hybrid 4.3 Cau hnh E chung (Common Emitter CE) 4.4 Cau hnh B chung (Common Base CB) 4.5 Cau hnh C chung (Common Collector CC) 4.6 Tom tat cac thong so c ban trong ba cach mac BJT

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4.1 Gii thieu

9 Phng phap o th 9 Tn hieu nho 9 Mo hnh mach tng ng tn hieu nho

4.2 Cac thong so Hybrid

Mang hai ca: v1, i1, v2, i2 Cac thong so ac trng: Tr khang (impedance); dan nap (admittance), hybrid, Cac thong so hybrid:

v1 = h11i1 + h12 v 2 i2 = h21i1 + h22 v 2

Vi TST:

v1 = hi i1 + hr v 2 i2 = h f i1 + ho v 2

nh ngha:

hi =
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v1 i1 v 2 = 0

= Tr khang ngo vao khi ngo ra ngan mach

v1 = o li ien ap ngc (reverse voltage gain) khi ngo vao h mach v 2 i1 = 0 i = o li dong thuan (forward current gain) khi ngo ra ngan mach hf = 2 i1 v 2 = 0 i ho = 2 = Dan nap ngo ra khi ngo vao h mach v 2 i1 = 0 hr =
Lu y: - v1, i1, v2, i2, la cac ai lng tn hieu nho - Cac thong so hybrid h phu thuoc vao tnh iem Q cua TST - Cac thong so hybrid h cho cac cau hnh khac nhau (CE, CB, CC) c ky hieu bang cach them vao cac ch so thch hp (e, b, c): V du: hfe la hf cho cau hnh CE,

4.3 Cau hnh E chung (Common Emitter CE)

S dung nguyen ly xep chong (Superposition): - DC: Chng 2 - AC: Tn hieu nho: Bien oi mach tng ng

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Xac nh cac he so hybrid cho cau hnh CE: o li ien ap ngc hre : Thng rat nho, bo qua. Dan nap ngo ra hoe : hoe

Thng hoe 10- 4 S, va (1/hoe) // RL ( 1 2K) Bo qua hoe.

i ic = C : He so goc cua ac tuyen (iC,vCE) tai Q. v ce ib = 0 i B Q

ic i = C h FE = i b Q i B Q v be v v V = BE h fe BE mh fe T Tr khang ngo vao hie : hie = ib Q i B Q i E Q I CQ

o li dong thuan hfe :

h fe =

Mach tng ng cua TST:

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Mach tng ng cua cau hnh CE:

Xac nh cac tham so cua cau hnh CE: o li dong:

Rb i L i L ib = = ( h fe ) Rb + hie ii i b ii Tr khang ngo vao: Z i = Rb // hie 1 Tr khang ngo ra: Z o = (Neu bo qua hoe, Zo ) hoe Ai =

V du 1: Cho mach sau, gia s hfe = hFE = 50. Xac nh: a) Tnh iem Q b) Mach tng ng tn hieu nho, gia s bo qua hoe va hre c) o li dong Ai = iL / ii d) Tr khang ngo vao nhn t nguon dong e) Tr khang ngo ra nhn t tai 1K

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a) Tnh iem Q:

V BB = I CQ

b) Mach tng ng tn hieu nho:

10 50 10 = 8.3K 24 = 4 V; Rb = 10 + 50 10 + 50 V V BE V BB V BE 4 .7 = BB = = 1.5mA; VCEQ = VCC ( Rc + Re ) I CQ = 15V R e + Rb / Re 2.2

25mV 25 = 833 = 50 I CQ 1. 5

hie = h fe

Bo qua hoe va hre, mach tng ng tn hieu nho: c) o li dong Ai:

e) Tr khang ngo ra: Zo = RC = 3.8K Chng 4

d) Tr khang ngo vao: Z i = ri // Rb // hie = 700

i L i L ib ; = ii ib ii Rc iL = - 39.6; = ( 50) ib Rc + R L Ai =

ib ( Rb // ri ) = 0.85 = ii ( Rb // ri ) + hie

Ai = (0.85)(-39.6) = - 34

V du 2: Tm o li dong cua mach khuech ai trong v du 1, gia s: hre = 10-4 va h0e = 10-4 mho Mach tng ng:

Ngo ra: i L

= h fe

vce = RLiL = - 36.7103 ib S dung KVL ngo vao: vb = 830ib + 10-4 vce = (830 3.67)ib 830ib Nhan xet 1: Anh hng cua hre la khong ang ke S dung KCL ngo vao: ii Suy ra:

[(1 / hoe ) // Rc ] ib = - 36.7ib [(1 / hoe ) // Rc ] + R L

1 1 1 1 = vb + + + ib = 1.183ib + ib = 830ib 10 K 8 . 3 K 10000 8300

Ai =

Nhan xet 2: So sanh vi v du 1 (Ai = -34), anh hng cua hoe len Ai la khong ang ke.

i L i L ib = = ( 36.7)(1 / 1.183) = -31 ii i b ii

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4.4 Cau hnh B chung (Common Base CB)

Cac thong so hybrid: veb = hib(-ie) + hrbvcb ic = hfbie + hoevcb Lu y: Chieu qui c cua ie, ic.

Xac nh cac thong so hybrid: Dung mach tng ng CE

ie = ib + ic = (1 + h fe )ib = (1 + h fe )

v eb , suy ra: hie

v eb v eb hie V 9 Tr khang ngo vao hib: hib = = = = T ii ie v cb = 0 h fe + 1 I EQ

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9 o li ien ap ngc hrb : hrb 10 4 : Thng bo qua. 9 o li dong thuan hfb :

h fb =

h fe ic = ie v cb = 0 h fe + 1

9 Dan nap ngo ra hob : S dung mach tng ng CE co hoe : T mach CE: ic = - ib; ihoe = (hfe +1)ib vcb = vce + veb = (-ib)(hfe + 1)(1/hoe) + (-ib)(hie) vcb (-ib)(hfe + 1)(1/hoe) = (ic)(hfe + 1)(1/hoe)

Theo nh ngha:

hob =

ic v cb ie = 0

hob

ic h = oe vcb ie = 0 1 + h fe

Nhan xet: i) hrb va hob thng rat nho: Bo qua ii) Cac thong so hybrid CB (hib, hfb, hob) co c bang cach lay cac thong so CE tng ng chia cho (1+hfe) V du 3: a) Xac nh cac thong so CB cua v du 1, cho 1/hoe = 10K. b) TST tren c s dung trong cau hnh CB vi ri = 100; RL = 5K. Xac nh o li dong Ai ; ap Av , tr khang vao Zi; ra Zo a) T v du 1: hfe = 50; hie = 0.83K; hoe = 10 4 mho; hre = 0. Suy ra:

h fb =

h fe

1 + h fe

= 0.98 ; hib =

hie hoe = 16; hob = = 210-6; hrb = 0. 1 + h fe 1 + h fe

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b) Mach tng ng:

Ai =

Zi = 16 Z0 = 500K

iL 500 100 = ( 0.98) = 0.83 ii 500 + 5 100 + 16 v R i Av = L = L L = 41.5 vi ri ii

4.5 Cau hnh C chung (Common Collector CC) (Mach Emitter Follower - EF)
Tnh chat: - o li ap Av 1 - Tr khang ngo vao ln, tr khang ngo ra nho: Impedance transformer Phan tch: - Mach tng ng dung thong so hybrid cau hnh CC. - Bien oi tng ng s dung thong so hybrid cau hnh CE. Thay TST bang mach tng ng cau hnh CE:

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v e (1 + h fe ) Re Rb //[hie + (1 + h fe ) Re ] Av = = vi hie + (1 + h fe ) Re ri + Rb //[hie + (1 + h fe ) Re ] va Z i = hie + ( h fe + 1) Re

9 Nhn t cc E: Bien oi tng ng Thevenin ngo vao: Thay TST bang mach tng ng cau hnh CE:

9 Nhn t cc B: vb = vbe + ieRe. Do vbe = ibhie va ieRe = (hfe + 1)ibRe vb = ib hie + ib ( h fe + 1) Re Mach tng ng (chuan ib)

= ri, ib + v be + v e ie ie Do ib = va v be = hie ib = hie = hib ie h fe + 1 h fe + 1

KVL: v i
,
, vi

ri, i + hib ie + v e Mach tng ng (chuan ie) = h fe + 1 e

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ri, Z o = hib + h fe + 1
Phan anh tr khang: Phan anh t Emitter Base (chuan ib) Dong / (hfe + 1) (V du: ie ie/(hfe + 1)) Tr khang (hfe + 1) (V du: Re Re(hfe + 1)) Ap: Khong oi (V du: ve ve) V du 4: Phan tch mach sau dung phan anh tr khang Bien oi mach tng ng: Phan anh t Base Emitter (chuan ie) Dong (hfe + 1) (V du: ib ib(hfe + 1)) Tr khang / (hfe + 1) (V du: ri ri / (hfe + 1)) Ap: Khong oi

Ai = h fe

ri, Rc Rc + R L ri, + [hie + ( h fe + 1) Re ]

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V du 5: Tnh v1 va v2 cua mach ao pha (phase inverter) sau:

Re ( h fe + 1) Rb v1 = v i Rb + ri ( ri // Rb ) + hie + Re ( h fe + 1) v1 v1 Dong ie : ie = ic = h fb ie = h fb Re Re Rc v1 Ngo ra cc C: v 2 = ic Rc = h fb Re

<Xem TLTK [1], [2]> Chng 4

Phan anh tr khang cc E len mach cc B Mach tng ng (b)

4.6 Tom tat cac thong so c ban trong ba cach mac BJT

Neu chon hfbRc ( Rc) = Re v2 = - v1 : ao pha.

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