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: 2013

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0.5.
Hidayat Inayat Khan (1932- )

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. - - -
.1. (2 - 5 .)
.2.
.3.
.4.
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.1.
.2.
IV.
IV.1.
IV.2.
IV.3.
IV.4.
IV.5.
IV.5.1.
IV.5.2.
IV.5.2.
IV.5.3.
IV.5.4. -
IV.5.5.
IV.6.

IV.7.
IV.8.
V. ( 19 )
V.1-21:
V.1.
V.2.
V.2.1.
V.3.
V.4.
V.5.
V.6.
V.7.
V.8.
V.9.
V.10.
V.11.
V.12. -
V.13.
V.14.
V.15. ,
V.16.
V.17. -
V. 18.
V.19. ( , )
V.20.
V.21.
V.22. ( )
V.23. ( )
:
1) .
2) : .
3) : .

:

.

0.
01.
:
Vyasa ( Veda Vyasa Badarayana, 8 . ..)
Mahavira ( Vardhamana, 599-527 ..)
Kautilya (4 . ..)
Valmiki ( 400 ..)
Kapila (= Maharishi Kapila)
Jaimini (3 . ..)
Patanjali (2 . ..)
Acharya Nagarjuna (150-250 ..)

Bhartrhari (5 . ..)
Markandeya (;)
Nyaya:
) :
Aksapada Gautama ( 6-2 . ..)
Vatsyayana ( 450 ..)
Uddyotakara ( 450 ..)
Jayanta ( 875 ..)
Vacaspati ( 960 ..)
Udayana ( 975-1050 ..)
) :
Gangesa Upadhyaya ( 1325 ..)
Raghunatha Siromani ( 1500 ..)
Gadadhara Bhattacarya ( 1650 ..)
Vaisesika (= ):
Kanada ( 100 ..)
Prasastapada ( 575 ..)
Sridhara ( 990 ..)
Sankara Misra ( 1425 ..)
:
Jayarasi ( 750 ..)
Sriharsa ( 1150 ..)
Jainas:
Siddhasena Divakara ( 700 ..)
Haribhadra Suri ( 750 ..)
Hemacamdra ( 1150 ..)
Mallisena ( 1290 ..)
- (6-4 . ..):
Makkhali Gosala ( Ajinika)
Purana Kassapa ( -)
Ajita Kesakambalin ()
Pakudha Kaccayana ( 7 )
Buddha (= Siddhartha Gautama = , 6 5 . ..)
Mallanaga Vatsyayana (= , 5-4 . ..)
Sri Shankaracarya (= , 788-820 ..)
Rumi Jalaluddin (= , 1207-1273 ..)
:
1. Madhyamaka:
Nagarjuna ( 150 ..)
Candrakirti ( 600 ..)
2. Dinnaga Yogakara:
Dinnaga ( 500 ..)
Dharmakirti ( 625 ..)
Vasubandhu (5 . ..)
:
Adi Shankara (788-820 .X.)
Abhinavagupta (10-11 . ..)

Ramanuja (1017-1137)
Madhva (1238-1317)
Vedanta Desika (1269-1370)
Namdeva (1270-1350)
Nimbarka (13 .)
Dnyaneshwar (1275-1296)
Kabir (1398-1518)
Vallabha (1479-1531)
Chaitanya Mahaprabgu ( Caitanya, 1486-1534)
Tulsidas (1532-1623)
Madhusudana (1540-1640)
Tukaram (1577-1650)
:
Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa (= , 1836-1886)
Rabindranath Tagore (= , 1861-1941)
Swami Vivekananda (= , 1863-1902)
Sri Aurobindo (= , 1872-1950)
Paramahansa Yogananda (= , 1893-1952)
Jiddu Krishnamurti (= , 1895-1986)
Swami Satyananda Saraswati (= , 1923-2009)
Idries Shah (1924-1996)
Sri Sathya Sai Baba (= , 1926- )
Osho (= = , 1931-1990)
Robert Nagemy ( Najemy) (= )
Talavane Krishna
Haris Johari (= )
Sri Ramanasramam (= )
Swami Jyotirmayananda Saraswati (= )
Rajinder Singh (= )
Ramesh S. Balsekar (= . )
0.2. -
:
Huang Ti (= Huang-di = , " ")
Confucius (= = , 551-479 ..)
Lao Tzu (= Lao Tse = , 6 . ..)
Mo Tzu ( 470-391 ..)
Mencius (= Mengzi = , 4 . ..)
Chuang Tzu ( Chuang Tse = , 4 . ..)
Hunzi (= Hsn Tzu, 300-230 ..)
Hanfeizi (= Han Fei Tzu, 280-233 ..)
-:
Zhou Dunyi (1017-1073)
Zhang Zai (1020-1077)
Cheng Hao (1032-1083)
Cheng Yi (1033-1108)
Zhu Xi (1130-1200)
Lu Jiuyuan (1139-1193)
Wang Yangming (1472-1529)

 :
Liang Qichao (1873-1929)
Xiong Shili (1885-1968)
Feng Youlan (1895-1990)
Zhang Dongsun (1886-1973)
Hu Shi (1891-1962)
Liang Shuming (1893-1988)
Jin Yuelin (1895-1984)
Fang Dongmei (1899-1977)
He Lin (1902-1992)
Cheng Man-ching (= -, 1902-1975)
Zhang Dainian (1909-2004)
Tang Junyi (1909-1978)
Mou Zongsan (1909-1995)
Feng Qi (1915-1995)
Hao Wang (1921-1995)
Li Zehou (1930- )
Chung-ying Cheng (1935- )
Jiyuan Yu (1964- )

HEIAN (794-1185):
Saicho (767-822)
Kukai (774-835)
KAMAKURA (1185-1333):
Honen (1133-1212)
Shinran (1173-1262)
Yosai (1141-1215)
Dogen (1200-1253)
Nichiren (1222-1282)
-:
Fujiwara Seika (1561-1617)
Hayasi Razan (1583-1657)
Makae Toju (1608-1648)
Yamazaki Ansai (1619-1682)
Kumazawa Banzan (1619-1691)
. TOKUGAWA (1603-1868):
Yamaga Soko (1622-1685)
Ito Jinsai (1627-1705)
Ogyu Sorai (1666-1728)
Miura Baien (1723-1789)
KOKUGAKU (= ):
Keichu (1640-1701)
Kada no Azumamaro (1669-1736)
Kamo no Mabuchi (1697-1769)
Motoori Norinaga (1730-1801)
Hirata Atsutane (1776-1843)
Ueda Akinari (1734-1809)
Kato Chikage (1735-1808)
,
:

Kitaro Nishida (1870-1945)

Tanabe Hajime (1885-1962)
:
Hisamatsu Shin ichi (1889-1980)
Nishitani Keiji (1900-1990)
Kosaka Masaaki (1900-1969)
Shimomura Torataro (1900-1995)
Koyama Iwao (1905-1993)
Suzuki Shigetaka (1907-1988)
:
Takeuchi Yoshinori
Tsujimura Koichi (1922-2010)
Shizuteru Ueda (1926- )
Bin Kimura (1931- )
:
Shoto Hase (1937- )
Horio Tsutomu
Omine Akira
Fujita Masakatsu
Mori Tetsuro
Kawamura Eiko
Matsumura Hideo
Nakaoka Narifumi
Okada Katsuaki
Keta Masako
:
Kuki Shuzo (1888-1941)
Watsuji Tetsuro (1889-1960)
Miki Kiyoshi (1897-1945)
:
Sa Skya Pandita (1182-1251 ..)
Tsong Kha Pa Blo Bzang Pa (1357-1419)
Rgyal Tshab Dar Ma Rin Chen (1364-1432)
Mkhas Grub Dge Legs Dpal Bzang Po (1385-1438)
Mi Bskyod Rdo Rje (1507-1554)
Rinpoche Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso (1934- )
Dalai Lama (= XIV, 1935- )
( Choson, 1392-1910):
Chong To-jon (1342-1398)
Yangch' on Kwon Kun (1352-1409)
Maewoldang Kim Sisup (1435-1493)
Cho Kwangjo Jo Gwangjo (1482-1519)
Hwadam So Kyongdok (1489-1546)
T' oegye Yi Hwang (1501-1570)
Haso Kim Inhu (1511-1560)
Kobog Ki Taesung (1527-1572)
Ugye Song Hon (1535-1598)
Yi Yulbok (1536-1584)
Yohon chang Hyon' gwang (1554-1637)
Ch' oe Myonggil (1586-1647)
Uam Song Siyol (1607-1689)
Paekho Yun Hyu (1617-1680)

Pan' gye Yu Hyongwon (1622-1673)

Udam chong Sihan (1625-1707)
Sogye Pak Sedang (1629-1703)
Hagok chong chedu (1649-1737)
Songo Yi Ik (1681-1763)
Namdang Wonjin (1682-1751)
Tamhon Hong Taeyong (1731-1783)
Yonam Pak chiwon (1737-1805)
Tasan chong Yagyong (1762-1836)
Hwaso Yi Hangno (1792-1868)
Nosa Ki chongjin (1798-1876)
Hanju Yi chinsang (1818-1885)
0.3.

0.4.

0.5.
Zoroaster (= Zarathustra = )
Osthanes (= Ostanes)
Mani (= , 216-276 ..)
Mazdak (6 .)
Abu Al-Kindi (= -, 801-873 ..)
Abu al-Abbas Muhammad Iranshahri (9 .)
Abu Hatim Razi (. 811-891)
Abu Nasr al-Farabi (= -, 872-950)
Abu Ya qub al-Sijistani (. 970)
Muhammad Zakariyya Razi (= , 865-925)
Abu al-Hasan al-Amiri (10 .)
Abu Sulaiman al-Sijistani (932-1000)
Abu Ali ibn Miskawayh (932-1030)
Abu Raihan al-Biruni (973-1048)
Avicenna (= = Abu Ali Sina = , 980-1037)
Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani (996-1021)
Bahmanyar ibn Marzuban (11 .)
Nasir-I Khusraw (1004-1072)
Omar Khayyam (= , 1048-1123)
Muhammad al-Ghazali (= -, 1058-111)
Abu Muhammad ibn Rushd (= = Averroes = ,
1126-1198)
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149-1209)
Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi (1154-1191)
Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201-1274)
Qotb al-Din al-Shirazi (1236-1311)
Mulla Sadra (1571-1636)

Khalil Gibran (= Kahil Gibran = , 1883-1931)

Hidayat Inayat Khan (1932- )

.
.1.
:
, , , , , , . 7-6 . ..
:
.1.1. : , , , , ,
,
.1.2. : , ,

.1.3. : ,
-
(639-559 ..)
(625-546 ..)
(610-545 ..)
(6 . ..)
(585-525 ..)
(580-500 ..)
: , , () .
(570-; ..)
(545-480 ..)
(540-; ..)
(500-428 ..)
(490-430 ..)
(490-430 ..)
(5 . ..)
(5 . ..)
(5-4 . ..)
(5-4 . ..)
(5 . ..)
(5-4 . ..)
(5 . ..)
(444-368 ..)
( 460 ..)
(460-370 ..)
, ..
:
(400-350 ..)
( , 2 . ..) .
.2.
(5 . ..)
(483-375 ..)
(480-410 ..)
(5 . ..)
(5 . ..)
(5 . ..)
(5 . ..)

.3.
(469-399 ..)
(460-370 ..)
(460-400 ..)
(430-354 ..)
:
(412-323 ..)
(444-368 ..)
(= , 40-120 ..)
(4/3 . ..)
(= , 3 . ..)
:
/ (435-360 ..)
(4/3 . ..)
(330-270 ..)
:
(450-380 ..)
(4 . ..)
(5/4 . ..)
(427-347 ..)
( , 384-322 ..)

.4. -
:
(407-355 ..)
(390-310 ..)
(4 . ..)
(4 . ..)
:
(384-322 ..)
:
(371-287 ..)
(4 . ..)
(3 . ..)
(. 200 ..)
(2 . ..)
(3 . ..)

(336-264 ..)
(331-233 ..),
(280-209 ..)
(270-180 ..)
(185-110 ..)
(135-51 ..),
arcus Tullius Cicero (= = , 105-43 ..)
Lucius Seneca (= , 1-65 ..)

 ( 50-120 ..)
(50-138 ..)
Marcus Aurelius (= , 121-180 ..)

Poplius Cornelius Tacitus (= , 55-116 ..)

(341-270 ..)
(4 . ..)
(2/1 . ..)
(= Titus Carus Lucretius, 96-55 ..)
(2 . ..)

(365-275 ..)
(320-230 ..)
(315-241 ..)
(214-128 ..),
(1 . ..)
(200-250 ..)

(285-212 ..)

(1 . ..)
( , 1 . ..)
(45-125 ..)
(2 . ..)
(2 . ..)
(2 . ..)
(2 . ..)
(1-4 . ..)
(129-189 199 ..)
(314-392 ..)

(1 . ..)
(2 . ..)
(2 . ..)
(2 . ..)

(20 .. - 50 ..)
(10-70 ..)
(129-199 ..)
(150-215 ..)
(2 . ..)
(= , 2-3 . ..)
(3 . ..)
, (4/5 . ..)

10

 (1 . ..)
(1 . ..)
(2 . ..)
(2 . ..)
(2/3 . ..)

- (1 . ..)
(175-242)
(205-270)
(232-304)
(= Julius Firmicus Maternus, 4 . ..)
(= Flavius Claudius Iulianus, 331-363)
(4 .)
Gaius Sallustius Crispus (= , 4 .)
(370-415)
(410-485)
( , 5 .)
(5 .)
(5 .)
(458-538 ..)
(6 .)
. - - -
.1. (2 - 5 .)
(= Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, 160-230)
(185-254)
(= , 326-390),
(330-379)
(335-394)
(344-407)
(= Sanctus Aurelius Augustinus, 354-430)
- (5 .)
(= Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, 480-524)
II.1.1.
(2 .)
(2 .)
(2 .)
(2 .)
(2 .)
(2 .)
(2 .)
(3 .)
.2.
(475-543)
(580-662)
(674-749)
[] (860-932)
(1018-1096)
(11 .)

11

 (11 .)
(1197-1272)
(1242-1310)
(1260-1310)
(1290-1348)
(1295-1360)
(1296-1359)
(14 .)
(14 .)
(14 .)
.3.
:
Johannes Scotus Eriugena (810-877)
Saint Anselm of Canterbury (= Anselmus = , 10331109)
Roscelin de Compigne (= , 1050-1123)
:
Petrus Abaelardus (= , 1079-1142)
Petrus Lombardus (= , 1095-1160)
Averros (= , 1126-1198)
Moses Maimonides (= , 1135-1204)
(1182-1227)
Albertus Magnus (= , 1193 1207-1280)
Roger Bacon (= , 1214-1293)
San Bonaventura (= , 1217-1274)
Thomas de Aquino (= , 1225-1274)
:
Raymundus Lullus Ramn Llull (= , 1232-1316)
Dante Alighieri (= , 1265-1321)
John Duns Scotus (= , 1266-1308)
William of Ockham (= Guilelmus de Ockham = , . 1285-1349)
.4.
Meister Eckhart (= , 1260-1327)
Johannes Tauler (= , 1300-1361)
(1379-1471)
.
.1.
- (1360-1452)
(1395-1472)
(1403-1472)
- (1405-1472)
(1498-1584)
(1544-1607)

12

.2.
Francesco Petrarca (= , 1304-1374)
Nikolaus von Kues (=Nicolaus Cusanus = , 1401-1464)
Niccol Machiavelli (= , 1469-1527)
Nicolas Copernicus (= , 1473-1543)
Thomas More (= , 1477-1535)
Martin Luther (= , 1483-1546)
Ignatius Loyola (= , 1491-1556)
Paracelsus (= = Philippus A. T. B. von Hohenheim, 1493-1541)
Giordano Bruno (= , 1548-1600)
Galileo Galilei (= , 1564-1642)
Tommaso Campanella (= , 1568-1639)
Jacob Bhme (= , 1575-1624)
IV.
IV.1.
Francis Bacon (= , 1561-1626)
Robert Fludd (= = Robertus de Fluctibus, 1574-1637)
Robert Burton (1577-1640)
Thomas Hobbes (= , 1588-1679)
John Locke (= , 1632-1704)
George Berkeley (= , 1685-1753)
David Hume (= , 1711-1776)
Joseph Priestley (= , 1733-1804)
Steward Dugald (= = , 1753-1828)
IV.2.
Ren Descartes (= , 1596-1650)
Blaise Pascal (= , 1623-1662)
Benedictus Spinoza (= , 1632-1677)
Gottfried W. Leibniz (1646-1716)
John Toland (1670-1722)
Christian Wolff (1679-1754)
Edmund Burke (= , 1729-1797)
IV.3.
Nicolas Malebranche (= , 1635-1715)
IV.4.
Etienne de la Boetie (= tienne de la Botie, 1530-1563)
Michel de Montaigne (= , 1533-1592)
Antoine Arnauld (= , 1612-1694)
Pierre Bayle (1647-1706)
Edmond Purchot (= Edmundus Purchotius, 1651-1734)
Jean Meslier (1664-1729)
Charles de Secondat Montesquieu (= , 1689-1755)
Franois Voltaire (= , 1694-1778)
Julien Lamettrie (= , 1709-1751)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (= - , 1712-1778)
Denis Diderot ( , 1713-1784)
Etienne B. de Condillac (= , 1715-1780)
Luc Vauvenargues (= , 1715-1747)
Claude A. Helvetius (= , 1715-1771)

13

Jean le Rond d' Alembert (= , , 1717-1783)

Paul Holbach (= Baron d Holbach = , 1721-1789)
Marquis de Sade (= , 1740-1814)
Nicolas de Chamfort (= , 1741-1794)
Marquis de Condorcet (= Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat = , 17431794)
Maine de Biran (1766-1824)
Charles Fourier (= , 1772-1837)
IV.5.
Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717-1768)
Johann Gottfried Herder (= , 1744-1803)
Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)
IV.5.1.
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
IV.5.2.
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (= , 1743-1819)
Friedrich von Schiller (= , 1759-1805)
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (= , 1762-1814)
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (= , 17701831)
Friedrich W. J. Schelling (= , 1775-1854)
IV.5.3.
Wilhelm von Humboldt (= , 1767-1835)
Friedrich Schleiermacher (= , 1768-1834)
Novalis (= = Friedrich von Hardenberg = , 17721801)
Friedrich von Schlegel (= , 1772-1829)
Johann Friedrich Herbart (= , 1776-1841)
IV.5.4. -
Carl von Clausewitz (= Karl von Klausewitz, 1780-1831)
Arthur Schopenhauer (= , 1788-1860)
IV.5.5.

Max Stirner (= , 1806-1856)

IV.6.
Jonathan Swift (= , 1667-1745)
William Hazlitt (1778-1830)
Thomas de Quincey (1785-1859)
Giacomo Leopardi (1798-1837)
IV.7.
Bernard Mandeville (= , 1670-1733)
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
Adam Smith (= , 1723-1790)
Robert Owen (= , 1771-1858)
David Ricardo (1772-1823)

14

IV.8.
(1570-1646)
(1579-1659)
( , 1641-1709)
(1700-1754)
(1716-1806)
(1725-1800)
(1730-1807)
(1745/47-1825)
(1748-1835)
- (1750-1832)
(1757-1798)
(1758-1828)
(1759-1824)
(1767-1829)
- - (1772-1853)
(1776-1855)
. (1777-1836)
(1784-1853)
(1792-1863)
V. ( 19 )
V.1.
Auguste Comte (= , 1798-1857)
John Stuart Mill (= , 1806-1873)
Herbert Spencer (= , 1820-1903)
Ernst Haeckel (= , 1834-1919)
Ernst Mach (= , 1838-1915)
Richard Avenarius (= , 1843-1896)
V.2.
Ludwig Feuerbach (= , 1804-1872)
Karl Marx (= , 1818-1883)
Friedrich Engels (= , 1820-1895)
Rosa Luxemburg (= , 1870-1919)
Vladimir Ilyic Lenin (= , 1870-1924)
Leon Trotsky (= Lev D. Trockij = , 1879-1940)

Antonio Gramsci (= , 1891-1937)

V.2.1.
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (= - , 1809-1865)
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (= , 1814-1876)
Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin (= , 1842-1921)
V.3.
Gustav Th. Fechner (= , 1801-1887)
Rudolf H. Lotze (= , 1817-1881)
Max Wundt (= , 1832-1920)
V.4.
Eduard von Hartmann (= , 1842-1906)

15

V.5.
Friedrich A. Lange (= , 1828-1875)
Hermann Cohen (= , 1842-1918)
Wilhelm Windelband (= , 1848-1915)
Paul Natorp (= , 1854-1924)
Heinrich Rickert (= , 1863-1936)
Ernst Cassirer (= , 1874-1945)
V.6.
Wilhelm Dilthey (= , 1833-1911)
Theodor Litt (= , 1880-1962)
Eduard Spranger (= , 1882-1963)
V.7.
Friedrich Nietzsche (= , 1844-1900)
Georg Simmel (= , 1858-1918)
Henri Bergson (= , 1859-1941)
Miguel de Unamuno (= , 1864-1936)
Ludwig Klages (= , 1872-1956)
V.8.
Alexis de Tocqueville (= , 1805-1859)
Karl Lamprecht (= , 1856-1915)
Max Weber (= , 1864-1920)
Oswald Spengler (= , 1880-1936)
Jos Ortega y Gasset (= , 1883-1955)
V.9.
Nicolai Hartmann (= , 1882-1950)
Hilary Putnam (= , 1926- )
V.10.
Edmund Husserl (= , 1859-1938)
Max Scheler (= , 1874-1928)
Emmanuel Levinas (= Lvinas = , 1906-1995)
V.11.
Helmuth Plessner (= , 1892-1985)
Arnold Gehlen (= , 1904-1976)
V.12. -
Sren Kierkegaard (= , 1813-1855)
Leon Shestov (= , 1866-1938)
Nicolai Berdiaeff Berdyaev (= ,
1874-1948)
Martin Buber (= , 1878-1965)
Karl Jaspers (= , 1883-1969)
Paul Tillich (= , 1886-1965)
Martin Heidegger (= , 1889-1976)
Gabriel Marcel (= , 1889-1973)
Otto Fr. Bollnow (= , 1903-1991)
Jean-Paul Sartre (= - , 1905-1980)
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (= -, 1908-1961)

16

Albert Camus (= , 1913-1960)

V.13.
Moritz Schlick (= , 1882-1936)
Otto Neurath (= , 1882-1945)
Hans Reichenbach (= , 1891-1953)
Rudolf Carnap (= , 1891-1970)
Karl Mannheim (= , 1893-1947)
Karl R. Popper (= , 1902-1994)
V.14.
Alfred N. Whitehead (= , 1861-1947)
George Moore (= , 1873-1958)
Ludwig Wittgenstein (= , 1889-1951)

Gilbert Ryle (= , 1900-1976)

Alfred Jules Ayer (= , 1910-1989)
John Austin (= , 1911-1960)
Peter Frederick Strawson (= , 1919-2006)
Richard Mervyn Hare (= , 1919-2002)
John Rawls (= , 1921-2002)
V.15. ,
Giuseppe Peano (= , 1858-1932)
David Hilbert (= , 1862-1943)
Bertrand Russell (= , 1872-1970)
Gottlob Frege (= , 1884-1925)
Alfred Tarski (= , 1901-1983)
Wilhelm Kamlah (= , 1905-1976)
Willard V. Quine (= , 1908-2000)
V.16.
Charles S. Peirce (= , 1839-1914)
William James (= , 1842-1910)
John Dewey (= , 1859-1952)
Richard Rorty (= , 1931-2007)
V.17. -
Georg Lukacs (= Gyrgy Lukcs = , 1885-1971)
Ernst Bloch (= , 1885-1977)
Walter Benjamin (= , 1892-1940)
Max Horkheimer (= , 1895-1973)
Herbert Marcuse (= , 1898-1979)
Erich Fromm (= , 1900-1980)
Theodor Adorno (= , 1903-1969)
Louis Althusser (= , 1918-1990)
Jrgen Habermas (= , 1929-)
V. 18.
Hans-Georg Gadamer (= - , 1900-2002)
Paul Ricoeur (= , 1913-2005)
V.19. ( , )
Gaston Bachelard (= , 1884-1962)

17

Imre Lakatos (= , 1922-1974)

Thomas S. Kuhn (= , 1922-1996)
Paul Feyerabend (= , 1924-1995)
Alexandre Koyr (= , 1892-1964)
V.20.
Jacques Lacan (= , 1901-1981)
Claude Lvi-Strauss (= Claude Levi-Strauss = -, 1908-2009)
Michel Foucault (= , 1926-1984)
Avram Noam Chomsky (= , 1928- )
V.21.
(1952- )
(1946-2009)
(1961- )
. (1952- )
(1962- )
(1904-2004)

. (1923-1994)
.
(1930-1985)

. (1946- )
. (1921-2000)


(1917-1993)
. (1919-1996)
.
.


(1921-2006)
.

(1944-2004)
Jean Baby (1897-1969)
Roger E. Backhouse (1951- )
Daniel Cohen
Robert Gibbons
Friedrich A. Hayek (= , 1899-1992)
Robert Heilbroner (1919-2005)
John Maynard Keynes (= , 1883-1946)
Paul R. Krugman (= , 1953- )
David Landes (1924- )
John Nash (1928- )
Martin J. Osborne
Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950)
Amartya Sen (1933- )
Stefano Zamagni (1943- )
V.22. ( )
[: V.1-21]

18

A
Johnson M. L. Abercrombie
Meyer Howard Abrams (1912- )
Arthur Adkins
Sylviane Agacinski (= , 1945- )
Giorgio Agamben (1942- )
Omraam Mikhael Aivanhov (= , 1900-1986)
Franco Alessio (= )
Matthew Alper (= )
Nathaniel Altman (= )
Gnther Anders (1902-1992)
Elizabeth Anscombe (= )
Philippe Anthonioz (= )
Hannah Arendt (= , 1906-1975)
Karen Armstrong (= , 1944- )
Matthew Arnold (1822-1888)
Vladimir Igorevich Arnold (1937- )
Raymond Aron (1905-1983)
Philippe Askenazy (1971- )
Rifat as-Said (= -)
R. F. Atkinson (= . )
William W. Atkinson (= Joghi Ramacharaka, 1862-1932)
Jacques Attali (= , 1943- )
Marc Aug (1935- )
Sri Aurobindo (= , 1872-1950)
Francisco J. Ayala (1906-2009)
B
Alain Badiou (= , 1937- )
Julian Baggini (= , 1968- )
Alice . Bailey (= , 1880-1949)
Per Bak (1948-2002)
Stephen Baker
Mikhail Bakhtin (= , 1895-1975)
Etienne Balibar (= tienne Balibar = , 1942- )
Natalie Banks (= )
Benjamin Barber (1939- )
John D. Barrow
Roland Barthes (= , 1915-1980)
Georges Bataille (= , 1897-1962)
Diderik Batens (1944- )
Jean Baudrillard (= , 1929-2007)
Zygmunt Bauman (= , 1925- )
Monroe C. Beardsley (= , 1915-1985)
Tom L. Beauchamp
Jean Beaufret (1907-1982)
Simone de Beauvoir (= , 1908-1986)
Ulrich Beck (= , 1944- )
Julien Benda
Robert Benewick
Gottfried Benn (= , 1886-1956)
Peter J. Bentley
Franco Berardi (= Bifo, 1949- )
Barbara Berger (= )

19

John Berger (= , 1926- )

Peter L. Berger (= )
Arnold Berleant
Isaiah Berlin (= , 1909-1997)
David Berlinski (1942- )
Amedeo Bertolo
Jean-Michel Besnier (= - )
Bertrand Binoche (= )
Guy Biola (= )
Arnaldo Biscardi (= )
Brian Bix
Simon Blackburn (1944- )
Brand Blanshard (1892-1987)
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (= , 18311891)
Norberto Bobbio (= , 1909-2004)
I. M. Bochenski (= = Jzef Maria Bocheski, 1902-1995)
Murray Bookchin (= , 1921-2006)
Jean-Baptiste Botul (1896-1947)
Pierre Bourdieu (= , 1930-2002)
Dominique Bourdin (1949- )
Bernard Bourgeois (= )
Jacques Bouveresse (1940- )
Pierre Bouvier
Pascal Boyer
Fernand Braudel (1902-1985)
Jean-Franois Braunstein
Bertold Brecht (= , 1898-1956)
Oscar Brenifier (= )
Alain Bresson
Stanislas Breton (1912-2005)
John Hedley Brooke (1944- )
Harold I. Brown
Peter Robert Lamont Brown (1935- )
Pascal Bruckner (= , 1948- )
Micha Brumlik (1947- )
Jean Brun (1919-1994)
Susan Buck-Morss
Richard W. Bulliet
Rudolf Bultmann (1884-1976)
James Burnham (1905-1987)
Judith Butler (= , 1956- )
C
Massimo Cacciari (= )
Alex Callinicos (= Alexander Theodore Callinicos, 1950- )
Pierre Campion (= )
Luciano Canfora (= , 1942- )
Georges Canguilhem (1904-1995)
Patrice Canivez (= )
Fritjof Capra (= , 1939-)
Ernesto Cardenal
Lee Carroll (= )
Paul Cartledge
Roberto Casati (1961- )

20

Sabino Cassere
Carlos Castaneda (= , 1925-1998)
Manuel Castells (1942- )
John L. Casti
Thomas Cathcart
Michel de Certeau (= , 1925-1986)
Gregory Chaitin (= )
Alan F. Chalmers
Jean-Pierre Changeux (= - )
Chen Chao-Hsiu
Franois Chtelet ( Chatelet = , 1925-1985)
Axel Cherniavsky (= , 1980- )
Lon Chestov (= , 1866-1938)
Ricardo Chiaberge
Nicholas A. Christakis
Paul M. Churchland (1942- )
Emile Michel Cioran (= , 1911-1995)
Michael L. Clarke (= )
Paul Claudel (= , 1868-1955)
Martin Cohen
Daniel Cohn-Bendit
Janet Coleman (1945- )
Rodney Collin (= )
Robin George Collingwood (= , 1889-1943)
Eduardo Colombo
Jean-Pierre Cometti
Andr Comte-Sponville (= -, 1952- )
Michael Clark (= )
Francis MacDonald Cornford
Maurice Cornforth (1909-1980)
Frederic Cossutta (1949- )
Ian Craib (1945-2003)
Edward Craig (1872-1966)
Bernard Crick (1929- )
Simon Critchley (= , 1960- )
Michel Crubellier (= , 1948- )
Patrick Curry
James T. Cushing (1937-2002)
oris Cyrulnik (1937- )
D
Roger Dadoun
Stig Dagerman (= , 1923-1954)
Franois Dagognet (1924- )
Stefano Elio D Anna (= )
Arthur Danto (1924- )
Charles R. Darwin (= , 1809-1882)
Franoise Dastur (= )
Ren Daumal (1908-1944)
Donald Davidson (1917-2003)
J. D. Davies
Paul Davies (1946- )
Ahmet Davutoglu (= )
Richard Dawkins (1941- )
Edward de Bono (1933- )

21

Alain de Botton (= , 1969- )

Richard J. F. Day (1964- )
Christian Delacampagne (= , 1949-2007)
Gilles Deleuze (= , 1925-1995)
Donatella della Porta (1956- )
Daniel Dennett (1942- )
Petar Denov (= Peter Deunov = = Beinsa Douno = ,
1864-1944)
Jacques Derrida (= , 1930-2004 )
Marcel Detienne
Penelope Deutscher
John Dewey (= , 1859-1952)
Carlo Diano (1902-1974)
Emiliano Di Marco
Lothar Dhn (= Dohn)
Jean Doresse
Fedor Michajlovic Dostojevskij (= , 1821-1881)
Gilles Dowek
William H. Dray
Hubert L. Dreyfus (1929- )
Julia Driver
Roger-Paul Droit (= - , 1949- )
Johann Gustav Droysen (1808-1884)
Adam Drozdek
Oswald Ducrot (1930- )
Pierre Duhem (= , 1861-1916)
Jean-Jol Duhot
Jean-Pierre Dupuy
mile Durkheim (= , 1858-1917)
Grard Durozoi
Ronald Dworkin (1931-2013)
E
Catherine Eagleton
Terry Eagleton (= , 1943- )
Umberto Eco (= , 1932- )
David Edmonds (1944- )
Albert Einstein (= , 1879-1955)
Ivar Ekeland (= )
Linda Elder
Mircea Eliade (= , 1907-1986)
Norbert Elias (1897-1990)
Jacques Ellul (= , 1912-1994)
Ralf Waldo Emerson (= , 1803-1882)
Pascal Engel (1954- )
Eugne Enriquez (= , 1931- )
Joseph Epstein (1937- )
Thomas Hylland Eriksen
Michael Evans
Julius Evola (1898-1974)
Amitai Etzioni (= )
F
Paolo Fabbri (1939- )
Nayla Farouki (= )

22

Cynthia Farrar
Nicholas Fearn
Ferenc Feher (1933-1994)
Joseph-Grim Feinberg
Sandor Ferenczi
Kitty Ferguson
Niall Ferguson (= , 1964- )
Franco Ferrarotti
Luc Ferry (= , 1951-)
Egidio Festa (= )
Nicola Festa
Richard P. Feynman (1918-1988)
Alain Finkielkraut (= , 1949- )
Paul Florensky (= , 1882-1937)
Vilm Flusser (= Vilem Flusser, 1920-1991)
Dominique Folscheid (1944- )
David Fontana
Dominique Foray
Georgi Fotev Fotef (= , 1941- )
Paul Foulque
Dennis Fox
Bas C. van Fraassen
S. L. Frank (1877-1950)
Viktor E. Frankl (1905-1997)
Michael Frede (1940-2007)
Sigmund Freud (= , 1856-1939)
Hans Freyer (= , 1887-1969)
Milton Friedman (1912-2006)
David Frisby (1944-2010)
Ronald H. Fritze (1951- )
Franoise Frontisi-Ducroux (= -)
Francis Fukuyama (1952- )
G
Eduardo Galeano (= , 1940- )
Roger Garaudy (= , 1913-2012)
Alfonso Gatto (= , 1909-1976)
Marcel Gauchet (1946- )
Peter Gay (1923- )
Andrs Ged (= )
Clifford Geertz (1926-2006)
Alexander George (= )
Patrick D. Georges
Ludovico Geymonat
Les Giblin
Anthony Giddens (= , 1938- )
Olof Gigon (= , 1912-1998)
Michael Allen Gillespie (1951- )
Etienne Gilson (= , 1884-1978)
Ren Girard (= , 1923- )
Jonathan Glover (= )
Andr Glucksmann (= , 1937- )
Maurice Godelier (1934- )
Kurt F. Gdel (= , 1906-1978)
Lydia Goehr (= , 1960- )

23

Erving Goffman (1922-1982)

Alvin L. Goldman (1938- )
Emma Goldman (= , 1869-1940)
Lucien Goldmann (= , 1913-1970)
Ernst Hans Gombrich (= , 1909-2001)
Witold Gombrowicz (= , 1904-1969)
Nelson Goodman (= , 1906-1998)
Anthony Gottlieb (= )
Sylvain Gouguenheim (= )
Jean-Baptiste Gourinat
David Graeber
Anthony Grafton (1950- )
John Gray (= , 1948- )
Emily Greenwood
Justina Gregory (= )
J. Greisch
David Gross (1941- )
Flix Guattari (= , 1930-1992)
Stephen Gudeman
Ren Gunon (= Guenon, , 1886-1951)
Michel Gurin (= Guerin, , 1946- )
Georges Th. Guilbaud (1912-2008)
Jean-Claude Guillebaud (= - , 1944- )
Torben Guldberg (= , 1975- )
George Ivanovich Gurdjieff (= , 1866 (;) - 1949)
Georges Gurvitch (= , 1894-1965)
Patrick Guyomard
H
Knud Haakonssen
Michel Haar (1937-2003)
Bruce Haddock
Pierre Hadot (= , 1922-2010)
John R. Hale (= , 1951- )
Thomas L. Hankins
Norwood R. Hanson
Richard Harder (1896-1957)
Michael Hardt (1960- )
Chris Harman (1942-2009)
David Harvey
Stephen Hawking
Gary Hayden (= )
Joanna Haynes (= )
John Heider
Heinz Heimsoeth (1886-1975)
Robert Heiss (= , 1903-1974)
David Held (= )
Agnes Heller (= , 1929- )
Joy Hendry
Jean Herbert (= , 1897-1990)
Arnold Hermann
Stphane Hessel (1917- )
Boris Hessen (1893-1936)
Andrew Heywood
Jonathan Hill (= )

24

Dan Hind
Christopher Hitchens (= )
Eric J. Hobsbawm (= , 1917-2012)
Douglas R. Hofstadter
Martin Hollis
Robert C. Holub
Ted Honderich ( , 1933- )
Axel Honneth (= , 1949- )
Jane Hope
David Hopkins
Martin Hose (1961- )
Michel Houellebecq (= , 1956- )
David Howarth (1958- )
Ole Martin Hoystad
Gerard J. Hughes
Michael Hughes
Johan Huizinga (= , 1872-1945)
Michel Humbert
Samuel P. Huntinton (= . , 1927-2008)
I
Michael Ignatieff (= , 1947- )
Don Ihde (1934- )
Frdrique Ildefonse (= , 1964- )
Ivan Ilyine
Georgia L. Irby-Massie (= . -)
Luce Irigaray (= , 1932- )
Terence Irwin (1947-)
Jonathan Israel (1946- )
J
Russell Jacoby (= , 1945- )
Paul Jacopin (= )
Albert Jacquard (= , 1925- )
Fredric R. Jameson (1934- )
Max Jammer
Claude Janin (1945- )
Vladimir Jankelevitch (= Janklevitch = , 1903-1985)
Martin Jay (1944- )
James Jeans
Laurent Jezequel (= Laurent Jzquel)
Coruppumulagge Jinarajadasa
Alexandre Jollien (1975- )
Hans Jonas (= , 1903-1993)
Aurelia Louise Jones (= )
Franois Julien (= , 1951- )
Philippe Julien (= )
George Julius
Carl G. Jung (= , 1875-1961)
K
Robert Kagan (= , 1958- )
Charles H. Kahn (= )
Robert Kanigel
Richard Kannicht

25

Robert M. Kaplan
George Katsiaficas
John Keane
Richard Kearney (1954- )
Anthony Kenny (1931- )
Bruno Karsenti (= , 1966- )
Manfred F. R. Kets de Vries (= )
Jaegwon Kim (1934- )
Peter J. King
Peter Kingsley (1953- )
Morris Kline
Fedor Vasilevich Konstantinov (= . , 1901-1991)
Pierre Klossowski (1905-2001)
Avraam Koen
Arthur Koestler
Alexandre Kojve (= = Aleksandr V. Koevnikov, 1902-1968)
Karl Korsch (= , 1886-1961)
Helge Kragh (1944- )
Lawrence M. Krauss (1954- )
Julia Kristeva (1941- )
Federico Carlos Krutwig-Sagredo (= -, 1921-1998)
Elisabeth Kbler-Ross (= Kubler-Ross, 1926-2004)
Friedrich Kmmel (= Kummel = , 1933- )
Hans Kng (= Kung, 1928- )
Adam Kuper (= , 1941- )
Will Kymlicka (= )
L
Brigitte Labb (= )
Jacques Lacarriere (= Lacarrire, 1925-2005)
Ernesto Laclau
Andr LaCocque (= )
Paul Lafargue (= , 1842-1911)
Jacqueline Lagre (= Lagree = )
Jacques Lagroye
Michel Lallement
Aude Lancelin (1973- )
Yitzhak Laor
Patricia Laporte (= )
Charles Larmore (= , 1950- )
Catherine Larrere (= )
Stieg Larsson (= , 1954-2004)
Christopher Lasch (= , 1932-1994)
Serge Latouche (= , 1940- )
Bruno Latour (1947- )
Robert Layton
Sergey Nikolayevich Lazarev (= . . )
Charles Webster Leadbeater (= , 1847-1934)
Sharon Lebell
Le Corbusier (= = Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, 1887-1965)
Henri Lefebvre (= , 1901-1991)
Mary Lefkowitz (= )
Lehman- (1905- )
Mario Leis (1963- )
Brian Leiter (1963- )

26

Frdric Lenoir (= , 1962- )

Miriam Leonard
Theodor Lessing (1872-1933)
Bernard-Henri Lvy (= - = Levy, 1948- )
Pierre Lvy (= = Levy, 1956- )
David C. Lindberg
Matthew Lipman (= , 1922-2010)
Gilles Lipovetsky (= Jules Lipovetsky = , 1944- )
Geoffrey E. R. Lloyd (1933- )
Barry Loewer
Karl Lwith (= Lowith = Loewith, , 1897-1973)
Michael Lwy (= Lowy = , 1938- )
Cesare Lombroso (= , 1835-1909)
Eugenio Lo Sardo (= )
Domenico Losurdo (= , 1941- )
Virginie Lou (= , 1954- )
Niklas Luhmann (= , 1927-1998)
Carlo Lucarelli (= , 1960- )
William G. Lycan (1945- )
Jean-Franois Lyotard (= - , 1924-1998)
M
Douglas MacDowell (= , 1931-2010)

Pierre Macherey (= , 1938- )

Alasdair MacIntyre (1929- )
John Leslie Mackie (= , 1917-1981)
Crawford Brough MacPherson (= )
Maurice Maeterlinck (= , 1862-1949)
Bryan Magee (1930- )
J. L. Maki (= . . )
Zap Mangusta
Gregory N. Mankiw
Michael Mann (= , 1942- )
Thomas Mann (= , 1875-1955)
Maud Mannoni (1923-1998)
Mihailo Marcovic (= , 1924-2010)
Lou Marinoff (= )
Jean-Luc Marion (= - , 1946- )
Gottfried Martin (= )
Ehsan Massod
Jean Mathiot (= )
Jean-Franois Mattei (= Matti, 1941- )
Marcel Mauss (= , 1872-1950)
Todd May
Ernst Mayr (1904-2005)
Barry Mazur
Ward McAfee (= )
Darrin M. McMahon
Phoebe McNaughton
John Mearsheimer
Martine Mheut (= Meheut = )
Grard Mendel (= , 1930-2004)
Philip Merlan (= , 1897-1968)
Sylvie Mesure

27

Istvn Mszros (= Meszaros, 1930- )

John Meyendorff (= , 1926- )
Thomas Meyer (= )
Yves Michaud (= , 1930- )
Jean-Claude Micha (= Michea = - , 1950- )
John Micklethwait (= )
Mary Midgley (1919- )
David Miller
Georges Minois (= , 1945- )
Marvin Minsky (1927- )
Robert Misrahi
Carl Mitcham
Steven Mithen
Leonard Mlodinow
Jean-Pierre Moisset (1965- )
John Molyneux
John Monaghan
Jacques Monod (= , 1910-1976)
Franco Montanari
Raymond A. Moody (1944- )
Donald R. Moor
Charles Moraz (= Moraze, 1913-2003)
Hans Morgenthau (= , 1904-1980)
Edgar Morin (= , 1921- )
Ian Morris
Serge Moscovici (= , 1925- )
Chantal Mouffe (= , 1943- )
Jan-Werner Mller (= Muller)
Jan Mukarovsky (= Mukaovsk = , 1891-1975)
Wolfgang Muller-Wiener (1923-1991)
Lewis Mumford (= , 1895-1990)
Herfried Munkler (= , 1951- )
N
Arne Naess (= , 1912-2009)
Ernest Nagel
Thomas Nagel (= , 1937- )
Luciano Nanni (1939- )
Juan-David Nasio
Jacob Needleman
Antonio Negri (= , 1933- )
Julie A. Nelson
Reviel Netz (= , 1968- )
Otto E. Neugebauer (1899-1990)
Franz Neumann (1900-1954)
Erik Neveu
Maurice Nicoll (= , 1884-1953)
Julian Nida-Rmelin (1954- )
Kai Nielsen (= )
Paul Nizan (= , 1905-1940)
Charles Stanley Nott (= . , 1887-1978)
Rebecca Nottingham
Ronald L. Numbers
Martha C. Nussbaum (= , 1947- )

28

O
Piergiorgio Odifreddi (1950- )
Klaus Oehler
Doris Olin
Alberto Oliverio
Claude Olivienstein (1933-2008)
Scott Olsen
Onora O Neill (1941- )
Michel Onfray (1959- )
Patrick Jake ORourke (= O Rourke, 1947- )
Peter D. Ouspensky (= )
Robert Owen (= )
P
Arnold Pacey
Maggie Paley (= )
Bryan Palmer
Anton Pannekoek (= , 1873-1960)
David Papineau (1947- )
Giovanni Papini (= , 1881-1957)
Thierry Paquot
Paul Parsons
Talcott Parsons (= , 1902-1979)
Walter Pater (= , 1839-1894)
Cesare Pavese (= , 1908-1950)
Roger Penrose (= , 1931- )
Charles Ppin (= )
Allan Percy (= )
Mario Perniola (= )
Fernando Pessoa (= , 1888-1935)
Adam Phillips (1954- )
Christopher Phillips (= )
Jean Piaget (= , 1896-1980)
Michael Picard (= )
Michel Piquemal (= , 1954- )
Luigi Pirandello (1867-1936)
Max Planck (1858-1947)
Burkard Polster
Neil Postman (= )
Paul Poupard (= )
Jonathan Powers (= )
Jean-Louis Prat (1944- )
Richard David Precht (= , 1964- )
Costanzo Preve (= , 1943- )
Graham Priest
Ilya Prigogine (= , 1917-2003)
Francine Prose
Dominique Proust (= )
Walter Puchner (= , 1947- )
Q
Yvon Quiniou (= )
R
James Rachels (1941-2003)

29

Luis Racionero (= )
C. P. Ragland (= . . )
Yoghi Ramacharaka (= = William W. Atkinson, 1862-1932)
Jacques Ranciere (= Rancire, 1940- )
Christof Rapp
Giovanni Reale (1931- )
James Redfield (= )
Michael Redhead
srael Regardie (= = Israel Regudy = , 1907-1985)
Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957)
Ernest Renan (= , 1823-1892)
Alain Renaut (= , 1948- )
Colin Renfrew
Pierre Rey (= , 1930-2006)
Byrne Rhonda (= )
Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926)
Walter Riso (= , 1951- )
George Ritzer
Corey Robin
Dave Robinson
Colin Robson
Nigel Rodgers
Maxime Rodinson (1915-2004)
Hermann Rhrs (= Rohrs)
Gilbert Romeyer Dherbey
Jacqueline de Romilly (= , 1913-2010)
Pierre Rosanvallon (= )
Seraphim Rose (= , , 1934-1982)
Steven Rose (= )
Clment Rosset (= , 1939- )
Mark Rowlands
Hazel Rowley (= , 1951-2011)
Michael Ruiz (= )
Bede Rundle
Jacqueline Russ
Lucio Russo
S
William S. Sahakian (= , 1922-1986)
Marshall Sahlins
Richard Mark Sainsbury (= , 1943- )
Zo Sallis
Merilee H. Salmon
Lou Andreas Salom (= Salome = , 1861-1937)
Victor Sanchez
Shlomo Sand
Michael J. Sandel (= , 1953- )
Torkom Saraydarian (= )
Saskia Sassen (= )
Donald Sassoon (= )
Fernando Savater (= , 1947- )
Patrick Savidan
Gottfried Schatz (1936- )
Heinrich Schmidt (= )
Manfred G. Schmidt

30

Carl Schmitt (= , 1888-1985)

Pauline Schmitt Pantel
Manuel Schoch (= , 1946-2008)
Erwin Schrdinger (= Schrodinger = , 1887-1961)
Carole Seymour-Jones (= -)
John Schwarz
John Schwarzmantel
Roger-Gerard Schwartzenberg
Eugenie Scott
John R. Searle
Michel Senellart (= )
Richard Sennett (= , 1943- )
Aleksandr Petrovic Septulin
Michel Serres (= , 1930- )
Carole Seymour-Jones (= -)
Stuart G. Shanker (1952- )
Stewart Shapiro (1951-)
Ann Margaret Sharp (1942-2010)
Eric J. Sharpe (= . , 1933-2000)
Robert W. Sharples (1949-2010)
Philip Sherrard (1922-1995)
Edouard Shur (= Shure = , 1841-1929)
Georg Simmel (1858-1918)
Raffaele Simone (= , 1944- )
Peter Singer
Gilbert Sinou (= Sinoue = , 1947- )
Robert Skidelsky
Quentin Skinner (= )
Henryk Skolimowski (= )
Peter Sloterdijk (1947- )
Hans Sluga (= , 1939- )
Philip Smith
Robert Rowland Smith (= )
Bruno Snell (1896-1986)
Charles Percy Snow (1905-1980)
Rebecca Solnit
Robert C. Solomon (= , 1942-2007)
Werner Sombart (= , 1863-1941)
Susan Sontag (= , 1933-2004)
Richard Sorabji
Georges Sorel (= , 1847-1922)
Roy Sorensen
Ernesto Spinelli
Jeremy Stangroom
Rodney Stark
Jean Starobinski (= , 1920- )
George Steiner (= , 1929- )
Rudolf Steiner (= , 1861-1925
Lawrence Stepelevich (1930- )
Zeev Sternhell (= , 1935- )
Robert Luis Stevenson (1850-1894)
Ian N. Stewart (1945- )
Neil A. Stillings
William Stirling-Maxwell (= -, 1818-1878)
Gerry Stoker (= )

31

Philip Stokes
Leo Strauss (= , 1899-1973)
Joseph R. Strayer (= . , 1904-1987)
Patrick Sskind (= , 1949-)
Susan Rubin Suleiman
Lars Svendsen (1970- )
Arpad Szabo (= rpd Szab, 1913-2001)
Thomas Alexander Szlezk (= Szlezak, 1940- )
T
Pierre-Andr Taguieff (= - , 1946- )
Charles Taylor (= , 1931-)
Paul Beekman Taylor (= )
Richard Templar
Paul Thagard
Philip Thody (1928-1999)
George Thomson (1903-1987)
Henry David Thoreau (= , 1817-1862)
Bruce S. Thornton
Pierre Thuillier (1927-1998)
Robert A. F. Thurman (= )
Phyllis A. Tickle
Paul Tillich (= , 1886-1965)
Charles Tilly ( , 1929-2008)
Sergio Tischler
Tzvetan Todorov (= , 1939- )
Ferdinand Tnnies (= Tonnies = )
Roberto Torretti (1930- )
Alain Touraine (1925- )
Eric Toussaint (= )
Joan C. Tronto
Richard Turner (1932-2011)
U
Nicola Ubaldo (= )
George Uscatescu (= , 1919-1995)
V
Paul Valry (= Valery = , 1871-1945)
Pierre M. van Hiele
Franois Vatin (= )
Jean Vaysse
Viktor Alekseevich Vazioulin (= , 1932-2012)
Bertrand Vergely
Jean-Pierre Vernant (= - , 1914-2007)
Paul Veyne (= , 1930- )
Pierre Vidal-Naquet ( -, 1930-2006)
Luc Vincenti (= )
Paul Virilio (= , 1932- )
Paolo Virno
V. N. Voloshinov
Michel Vovelle (= , 1933- )
Predrag Vranicki (= , 1922-2002)
Lev Semyonovitch Vygotsky ( Vygotskii = , 1896-1934)

32

W
Raymond Wacks
Bartel Leentert van der Waerden (1903-1996)
Hans Wagner (= )
John A. Walker
Immanuel Wallerstein (= , 1930- )
Neale Donald Walsch (= )
W. H. Walsh
Bruno Walter (= , 1876-1962)
Michael Walzer (= , 1935- )
Nigel Warburton (1962- )
Wendy Wasserstein
Robin Waterfield (= , 1952- )
Lyall Watson (= , 1939-2008)
Alan W. Watts
Alexander Waugh (= , 1963- )
Simone Weil (= , 1909-1943)
Albrecht Wellmer (= , 1933- )
Nicholas P. White
Harvey Whitehouse
Lancelot Law Whyte (= , 1896-1972)
Frank Wilczek (= , 1951- )
Oscar Wilde (= , 1854-1900)
Walter Wili
Bernard Williams ( , 1929-2003)
Helmut Willke
Colin Wilson (= , 1931- )
Edward-Osborne Wilson
Emily Wilson
Peter Lamborn Wilson (= Hakim Bey, 1945- )
Richard Wolin (= )
Rupert Woodfin
Paul Woodruff (= )
M. R. Wright
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Marilyn Yalom (= )
Frances Yates (1899-1981)
Shing-Tung Yau
Palle Yourgrau
Yu Dan (1965- )
Z
Ernest Zebrowski Jr.
Eduard Zeller (= )
John Ziman
Robert Zimmer (= , 1953- )
Howard Zinn (= , 1922-2010)
Reinhold Zippelius (1928- )
Slavoj iek (1949- )
Luigi Zoja (= )

33

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40

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46

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47

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48

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49

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50

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51


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52

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53

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54

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55