1.

Cc phng php nh v trong mng 3G (UMTS/WCDMA)

KS. Nguyn Th Thanh Thy PHN LOI CC PHNG PHP NH V Nu phng php nh v GPS ang l phng php nh v c nhng u im vt tri, c trin khai trong cc mng di ng th h 2G th nay trong th h 3G c thm nhiu ty chn h tr cho cc dch v nh v vi nhng u im nh gim tr, n gin ha h thng, gim gi thnh v tng chnh xc Cc phng php nh v trong th h 3G:
- Cc phng php da trn t bo (cell). Theo mt cch n gin nht, v tr ca mc tiu tng ng vi ta ca mt trm gc gn . Nu c yu cu, d liu nh v c tinh chnh bng cch thc hin tnh ton khong cch gia u cui v trm gc, c th c ly t tham s lch thi gian kh hi (RTT- Round Trip Time), gc tn hiu n (AoA-Angle of Arrival) t u cui ti trm gc, hoc c hai. - Chnh lch thi gian quan st c ca tn hiu n vi chu k ri ng xung (OTDoA-IPD- Observed Time Difference of Arrival with Idle Period Downlink). V c bn, phng php ny da trn UTRAN, v l phng php o khong cch da trn u cui. - H tr t GPS (A-GPS - Assisted GPS). Cc u cui phi c trang b mt b thu GPS v c cung cp cc d liu h tr t mng, cho php gim thi gian bt v tng chnh xc ca v tr c xc nh.

CC PHNG PHP DA TRN T BO Tng t nh phng php nhn dng t bo (Cell-ID) trong GSM, phng php ny a ra v tr ca mt u cui t ta ca trm gc ang phc v. V tr c nh x s nh danh cell sang cc ta ca trm gc ang phc v. Hnh 1 minh ha tng quan cc la chn khc nhau cho phng php nh v da trn cell.

Hnh 1: Cc phng php nh v da trn cell [1]

Nh Hnh 1, u cui c th c nhiu nhnh tn hiu ti mt vi sector ca mt trm gc hoc ti mt vi trm gc ng thi. Kt qu l, cn la chn mt trm gc tham chiu ph hp nht vi v tr hin ti ca u cui. Cc tiu chun la chn:
- Cc tham s m t cht lng tn hiu nhn c ti trm gc, v d nh, cng tn hiu, tc li,

- Trm gc c s dng trong qu trnh thit lp kt ni vi u cui, trm gc m u cui c kt hp ti thi im gn nht, trm gc vi khong cch ngn nht ti u cui, v trm gc m u cui c mt kt ni ti thi im yu cu nh v ti RNC phc v (SRNC).

CHNH LC THI GIAN QUAN ST C CA TN HIU N VI CHU K RI CA TN HIU N VI CHU K RI NG XUNG (OTDOA-IPDL)

OTDoA-IPDL l mt trong s cc phng php nh v da trn k thut s dng s chnh lch thi gian ng xung. i vi k thut ny, cc u cui quan st chnh lch thi gian ca tn hiu t mt vi trm gc. Cc tn hiu ny thng l cc tn hiu knh iu khin v v vy, cc u cui c th thc hin cc o c ch ri cng nh cc ch dnh ring. Cc chnh lch ng h ca cc trm gc c th c gii quyt thng qua mt b thu tham chiu c t ti v tr xc nh, lin tc o cc chnh lch thi gian quan st c. iu ny thc hin n gin v kinh t hn so vi vic ng b truyn dn cc trm gc.

Hnh 2: Phng php o OTDoA- IPDL [2] chnh xc ca cc k thut da trn chnh lch thi gian ph thuc vo mt s nhn t. chnh xc ca o chnh lch thi gian ring bit ph thuc bng thng tn hiu v knh a ng. A-GPS Vi kh nng nh v chnh xc cao v ph sng ton cu, GPS l la chn tt nht so vi cc phng php nh v di ng. Tuy nhin, GPS cng c mt s hn ch nh tiu tn nhiu nng lng ca b thu GPS, thi gian thc hin nh v hay thi gian ti v tr u tin cn nh v (TTFF- Time To First Fix) ln, v kh nng phc v trong nh km. Hn na, GPS l mt h thng nh v c lp v khng cung cp bt k tnh nng truyn thng no, v vy vic s dng n ngy nay hu ht b gii hn ti cc ng dng c ci t cc b ti b thu GPS. gii quyt cc vn ny, cn tch hp GPS vo mng di ng. V vy, nh v GPS h tr cc trm tham chiu (DGPS- Differential GPS), b sung nh mt phn trn vn ca h tng mng di ng v bi cc th tc bo hiu b sung gia mng v u cui. Kt qu l, c phng php nh v c h tr t GPS gi l A-GPS v c s dng cho hu ht cc h thng di ng. So vi phng php GPS, A-GPS cung cp cc ci thin chnh xc, gim thi gian bt v tr, tiu tn nng lng t hn b thu, v tng nhy ca b thu.

 s dng c A-GPS, u cui phi c trang b module GPS thu cc tn hiu hoa tiu v d liu h tr t v tinh. Module ny c h tr thng tin iu khin v d liu h tr b sung t mng di ng. Bn cnh phi c cc trm tham chiu bn trong h tng mng di ng, cho vic tnh ton d liu v dch d liu th thnh d liu h tr. Trm tham chiu c kt ni ti mt trung tm phc v nh v thu bao di ng (SMLC- Serving Mobile Location Center) (c lp hoc kt hp vi mt BSC/RNC). Hnh 3 m t khi qut kin trc A-GPS v bo hiu gia cc thnh phn.

Hnh 3: C s h tng A-GPS [2]

Nh Hnh 3, bo hiu b sung c yu cu gia trm tham chiu vi SMLC, v gia SMLC vi u cui mc tiu.
KT LUN

Vi tnh n gin v chi ph thp, Cell-ID s l s la chn tt nht bt u a dch v nh v (LBS - Location-based Service) vo mng mc d chnh xc v tr v tnh n nh khng cao v ch h tr s lng dch v rt hn ch. Khi s lng thu bao s dng dch v tng, ng thi yu cu cung cp nhiu dch v hn th cc k thut nh v c chnh xc cao s c xem xt (OTDoA hoc A-GPS). OTDoA cn mt khon chi ph u t ban u rt ln vo khi o c v tr (LMU - Location Measurement Unit), thm ch sau khi u t ln nh vy vn cn trin khai b sung A-GPS nhng ni m cht lng ca OTDoA km h tr cho cc dch v tin tin hn. Vi A-GPS th nh khai thc cn t chi ph hn cng nh vic trin khai cng n gin hn so vi OTDoA. Ngoi ra, A-GPS cho cc ch tiu tt hn vi chi ph thp hn so vi trin khai din rng OTDoA.