8.

4 THE PH SCALE
PG 216
1. 2. B: This is because is because the concentration of H ions is decreasing by 10 and therefore it will increase the pH by only one unit B: This is because the other two values 10, and 13 would mean that ethanoic acid were basic, therefore they are excluded. An acid with a pH of one is very strong and therefore excluded as ethanoic acid is a weak inorganic acid. Therefore 3 is relatively weak and therefore the appropriate pH unit that ethanoic acid could be. D: I would expect a purple color as it is a strong basic solution (dissociates completely) therefore red and orange are colors shown when a solution is acidic and therefore excluded, green is the color for a neutral solution and therefore excluded. Whilst purple is a color that would show for a basic solution. a. b. c. 5. a. 4 b. 2 c. 7 + This is because HCl acid has been diluted substantially and therefore less H ions in the solution. Even though it is not dissociated completely the ethanoic acid is of a higher concentration and therefor there + are H ions present similar to the amount in the diluted HCl acid. a. Molar mass of HNO3 = 63.012 10 mol dm -11 -3 10 mol dm -3 1 mol dm
-3 -3 +

3.

4.

6.

7.

8.

The pH of the solution is 1 -13 -3 10 mol dm + HNO2(aq) + H2O(l) H3O + NO2 The pH of the nictrous acid would be greater unit as it is a weaker acid therefore nitric acid would have a higher pH. This is because nitric acid dissociates completely whilste nictrous acid does not. This is because hydrocholoric acid dissociates completely making it have a low pH value, however sulfutric acid also dissociates completely and there it too has a low pH value. However, ehtanoic acid does not dissociate completely and therefore higher pH value. Consequently if there is more dissociation there will + be more H ions and therefore the concentration of hydrogen ions will be greater with more dissociation, + therefore with a lower pH there is more dissociation and more H ions present, a higher pH means there is + less H ions present.

b. c. d. e.