rang ny l tt c v lm th no nylon. Chng ti ang ni vi bn iu ny, nu nh bn khng th c c tn cho chnh mnh.

. bt u, nylon c thc hin bi mt phn ng m l mt trng hp bc tng trng , v trng hp ngng t . Nylons c lm t diaxit v diamin. Nu bn mun xem nhng g adipic acid v hexamethylene diamine trng ging nh trong 3-D, nhp vo y .

Tt nhin, c mt vi chi tit phn ng hn m bn nhn thy trong hnh nh nh. lm nylon 6,6 trn khng cn mt cht xc tc, nhng axit lm xc tc phn ng, v bn s khng bit iu , mt trong nhng n phn l chnh n l mt axit. Mt phn ng t xy ra gia hai phn t axit adipic. Mt s tng mt proton mt lng oxy cacbonyl ca ngi khc.

Bm vo y xem mt b phim ca phn ng ny. Khi oxy ny c proton oxy cacbonyl tr nn nhiu hn na d b tn cng bi cc nit ca diamin ca chng ti. iu ny xy ra bi v oxy proton ca chng ti mang in tch dng. xy khng mun c mt in tch dng. V vy, n ko cc electron n chia s vi cc cacbonyl i vi chnh n. iu ny lm cc carbon carbonyl thiu in t, v sn sng cho nit amin tng mt i cho n:

Bm vo y xem mt b phim ca phn ng ny. Sau cc electron chi gh m nhc. Mt trong nhng cp electron hnh thnh lin kt i cacbonyl thay i hon ton vi Oxy, chm sc cc vn ca in tch dng nguyn t, nhng by gi nit ca chng ti c mt in tch dng.

Bm vo y xem mt b phim ca phn ng ny. V vy, sau chng ti nhn c mt tr chi thm ch cn phc tp hn ca gh m nhc in t. Cc in t t cc lin kt oxy hydro tr li xy, gii phng proton, ti sinh cht xc tc axit. Sau , oxy cacbonyl chia s in t mi ly li ca n vi cc nguyn t carbon, kh nng ti to cc lin kt i cacbonyl. Tt nhin, iu ny l khng . Oxy ca nhm hydroxyl quyt nh lm mt cht xo trn in t ca ring n. N c i c chung vi carbon v ln h vi chnh n, ct t mi quan h gia n v cc-bon. Sau n tng mt cp in t to ra hydro kt ni vi nit. M c suy ngh hydro ny. Nh by gi chia s mt cp electron vi oxy, n thy khng cn phi gi cho i n chia s vi nit, v vy n cho php i

ca cp , cho n qua cho ngi nit. S thay i ny ca cc electron ph v s lin kt gia hydro v nit, v c thot khi nhng in tch dng trn nit. N tch ra H 2 O, v to ra cc dimer amide cha. V vy, iu dimer ny lm g? Nhn gn, v bn s thy rng n c mt nhm axit mt u, v mt nhm amin u kia. iu ny c ngha rng n c th phn ng vi mt phn t ca diaxit, hoc mt phn t ca diamin. D bng cch no, bn s c c mt cht tam phn.

Mun bit mt b mt nh? Dimer ca chng ti cng c th phn ng vi cc cht nh trng khc, thc hin mt tetramer nu mun. Hoc n c th phn ng vi mt cht tam phn to thnh mt pentamer, v n cng c th phn ng vi cc oligomer ln hn. Cui cng, khi iu ny xy ra, cht nh trng s pht trin thnh trimers, tetramers, v oligome ln hn, v nhng oligome ln s phn ng vi nhau, to thnh cc oligomer thm ch cn ln hn. Ny c xy ra cho n khi chng tr thnh ln c gi l polyme.

i vi cc phn t pht trin ln c gi l polyme, chng ta phi lm phn ng ny di chn khng. Khi chng ta lm iu ny, tt c nhng nc sn phm ph s bc hi v b ht i. Chng ta cn phi thot khi nc v mt nguyn tc nh c gi l Nguyn tc ca Le Chatelier . By gi nh lm th no khi bt u bi hc ny t ti cho rng, phn ng khng cn mt cht xc tc axit s din ra? L do chng ti bit iu ny l gn cui ca s trng hp, khi khng c nhiu nhm axit cn li c cht xc tc, phn ng vn i v. Bn thy y, cc amin c th phn ng vi axit cacboxylic unprotonated. Nu iu ny khng c nh vy, trng lng phn t cao nylon 66 c th khng c thc hin m khng c mt cht xc tc bn ngoi, v phn ng s dng li chuyn i cao hn, khi khng c nhiu nhm axit cn li c cht xc tc. Mun bit ci g khc? Nylons cng c th c lm t mt diamin v clorua diaxit:

Phn ng ny i theo c ch tng t, nhng bn cn phi thm mt t axit hot ng nh mt cht xc tc. (Khi bn thc hin nylon cch khc, adipic acid ng vai tr nh cht xc tc.) Ngoi ra, n to ra kh HCl nh mt sn phm ph hn l nc. Nu bn mun xem mt b phim ca phng php ny, nhp vo y . Tr li trang Nylon

Tr v Cp Bn mc

Tr li Macrogalleria mc