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8.4 8.

5 case study 5 : fuel optimal trajectories of a racing FCEV The problem discussed in this section consists of determining the trajectories of an ultra light, threewheeler FCEV that minimize the hydrogen consumption over a given race circuit. The latter is characterized by the total length and road slope versus distance covered. Moreover, the particular case analyzed here imposes a lower limit to the everage speed in such a way that the time to cover the circuit is also problem constraint. The problem is solved using optimal control theory. This requires a mathematical model of the vehicle powertain that is developed and validated in the first section. Then the optimal control law is analytically determined. Finally, the results presented are compared with those yielded by a conventional PID controller

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