BI TP AMRSTRONG

Bi tp:
Cu 1: Cho lc quan h R ( A, B, C, D, E, F, G ) v tp ph thuc hm F xc nh trn R: F ={ A B, D F, BF E, EF G, A C, BC D } Chng minh: AF G c suy dn logic t F da vo h tin Armstrong. Gii: Ta c: A C (f5) A B (f1) AF BF (tng trng) BF E (f3) AF E (bc cu 3,4) D F (f2) BF F (phn x) BF EF (4, 7 hp) EF G (f4) BF G (bc cu 8,9) AF G (bc cu 3, 10 ) Cu 2: Cho lc quan h R ( A, B, E, I, G, H ) v tp ph thuc hm F xc nh trn R: F = { AB E, AG I, E G, GI H } Chng minh: AB GH c suy dn logic t F da vo h tin Armstrong. Gii: Ta c: AB E (f1) E G (f3) AB G (bc cu 1,2)

AG I (f2) AB I( ta bc cu) GI H (f4) AB H AB GH (hp 3,7) Cu 3: Cho lc quan h R (A, B, C, D, E, G, H} v tp ph thuc hm F xc nh trn R: F={ AB C, B D, DC GH, HC E } Chng minh: BC G v AB E c suy dn logic t F da vo h tin Armstrong. Gii: Ta c: B D (f2) BC DC (lut tng trng) DC GH (f3) DC G (phn r) BC G (2,4 bc cu) Ta c: AB C (f1) AB B (phn x) B D (f2) AB D (2,3 bc cu) AB DC (hp 1,3) DC GH (f3) AB GH (bc cu 5,6) AB H (phn r 6) AB HC (1, 8 hp) HC E (f4) AB E (bc cu 9,10) AB E

Cu 4: Cho lc quan h: Q(ABCDEGH) vi: F= { AB C, B D, CD E, CE GH, GA}

Chng minh: AB E v AB G c suy dn logic t F da vo h tin Armstrong. Gii: Ta c: AB C (f1) AB B (phn x) B D (f2) AB D (bc cu 2,3) CD E (f3) AB CD (hp 1,4) AB E (bc cu 4,5) * AB G Ta c: AB E (cmt) AB C (f1) AB CE (hp 1,2) CE GH (f4) AB GH (bc cu 3,4) AB G ( phn r) Cu 5: Cho ph thuc hm F= { A B, BC D, AB E, CE G}. Dng lut suy din Armstrong chng minh: AC DG, AC E thuc F. Gii: AC DG Ta c: A B (f1) AC BC (tng trng) BC D (f3) AC D (2, 3 bc cu)

AC C (phn x) CE G (f4) AE G (5,6 ta bc cu) Cu 6: Cho G={ AB C, B DE, CD EK, CE GH, G AC}. Chng minh: AB EG bng lut tin Armstrong. Gii: Ta c: B DE (f2) B E ( 1 phn x) AB C (f1) AB CE (3,4 ta bc cu) CE GH (f4) AB GH (bc cu 4,5) AB G (phn r) AB B (phn x) B DE (f2) AB DE (Bc cu 8,9) AB E (phn r) AB EG (hp 7,11) Cu 7: Cho lc quan h R (A,B,C,D,E,G,H,I,J) v tp cc ph thuc hm: F = {AB E, AG J, BE I, E G, GI H }. Tm chui suy din AB GH bng h tin Armstrong. Gii: Ta c: AB E (f1) E G (f4) AB G (Bc cu 1,2) AB B (phn x) AB BE (1,4 hp) BE I (f3) BE E (phn x)

BE G ( bc cu 2, 7) BE GI ( 6,8 hp) GI H (f5) BE H (9, 10 bc cu) AB H (5, 11 bc cu) AB GH (3,12 hp) Cu 8: Vi F = { X Y, X Z, Y T } Th ta c cc ph thuc hm X YZ v X T. Gii: Ta c: X Y (f1) X Z (f2) X YZ (1,2 hp) Y T (f3)

X T (1,3 suy ra) Cu 9: Cho R = { A,B,C,D,E,G,H,I} F= { A B, BH I, B D , D BE}. Chng minh: A E. Gii: Ta c: A B (f1) B D ( f3) A D ( bc cu 1,2) D BE (f4) D E ( f4 phn r) A E (dpcm) {bc cu 1,3) Cu 10: Cho lc quan h p= (U,F) vi U= ABCDEGH, F= { B AC, HD E, ACBE, E H, A D, G E}. Kim tra tnh ng n ca cc suy din ca h tin Armstrong: F|= CG EH. Gii: Tnh ng n ca h tin Armstrong lun ng: F|= CG EH: ng, v (CG) = CGEH cha EH.
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Cu 11: Cho lc quan h LQH) P= (U,F), trong U= ABCDE, F= { A B, B E, D CE). Chng minh: AD BE bng lut suy dn Armstrong. Gii: Ta c: A B (f1) AD BD (tng trng) B E (f2) A E ( 1,3 bc cu) AD DE (tng trng) AD BDE (hp 2,5) AD BE (phn r) Cu 12: Cho R = { A, B, C, D, E, G } v F= { AB C , D EG , BE C , BC D , CG BD, CE AG}. Chng minh: AB CG da vo tin Armstrong. Gii: Ta c: AB C (f1) AB B (phn x) AB BC (hp 1,2) BC D (f4) D EG (f2) BC EG (bc cu 4,5) AB EG (3, 6 bc cu) AB G (phn r) AB CG (hp 1,8) Cu 13: Cho F={AB, CD} vi C B, hy chng minh AD suy dn c t F. Gii: Ta c: B C (v C B ) A B (f1) A C (bc cu 1,2) C D (f2) A D (bc cu 3,4)

Cu 14: Cho lc quan h R(ABCD) v F={AB, BCD} hy cho bit cc ph thuc hm no di y c th suy dn c t F: a. ACD b. BD c. ADB Gii: Cu a. A B (f1) AC BC (tng trng) BC D (f2) AC D (bc cu 2,3) Cu b: Khng th suy dn t F Cu c: Gii: A B (f1) AD BD (tng trng) AD B (phn x) Cu 15: F={XYW, YZ, WZP, WPQR } Chng minh rng XYP suy dn c t F. Gii: Ta c: XY W (f1) XY Y (phn x) XY WY (hp 1,2) WY Y (phn x) Y Z (f2) WY Z (bc cu 4,5) XY Z (bc cu 3,6) XY WZ (hp 1,7) WZ P (f3) XY P Cu 16: Cho lc quan h (=(U, F) vi U=ABCDEGHIJ v tp ph thc hm F={AB E, AGJ, BEI, EG, GI H} f=ABGH, Chng minh rng f suy dn c t F Gii: Ta c: AB E (f1) E G (f4) AB G (Bc cu 1,2) AB B (phn x) AB BE (1,4 hp)

BE I (f3) BE E (phn x) BE G ( bc cu 2, 7) BE GI ( 6,8 hp) GI H (f5) BE H (bc cu) AB H (5, 11 bc cu) AB GH (3,12 hp) Cu 17: Cho lc quan h (=(u, F) vi U=ABCDEGH v tp ph thc hm F={ABC, B D, CDE, CEGH, GA} Hy chng minh: a. ABE b. BGC c. ABG Gii: Cu a Gii: Ta c: AB C (f1) AB B (phn x) B D (f2) AB D (bc cu 2,3) CD E (f3) AB CD (hp 1,4) AB E (bc cu 4,5) Cu b: Gii: Ta c: G A (f5) BG AB (tng trng) AB C (f1) BG C (bc cu 2,3) Cu c: AB G Ta c:

AB E (cmt) AB C (f1) AB CE (hp 1,2) CE GH (f4) AB GH (bc cu 3,4) AB G ( phn x) Cu 18: Cho lc quan h =(U, F) vi U=ABCDEG v F={BC, ACD, DG, AGE} hy cho bit: a. ABG b. BDAD ( t cc lut suy dn ca tin Armstrong). Gii: a. Ta c: B C (f1) AB AC (tng trng) AC D (f2) AB D (2, 3 bc cu) D G (f3) AB G b. Ta c: B C (f1) Cu 19: Gia s ta co lc o quan he Q(C,D,E,G,H,K) va tap phu thuoc ham F nh sau; F = {CK H; C D; EC; E G; CK E} T tap F, hay chng minh EK DH Gii: Ta c: E C (f3) EK CK (Tng trng) CK H (f1) EK H (2,3 bc cu) E C (f4) C D (f2) E D (bc cu 5,6) EK DH (4,7 hp) Cu 20: Cho lc o quan he Q(A,B,C,D,E,G,H,K) va tap phu thuoc ham F nh sau; F = {C AD; E BH; B K; CE G} hy cho bit cc ph thuc hm no di y c th suy dn c t F khong? a. E K b. EG

a. Gii: Ta c: E BH (f2) E B (1 phn r) B K (f3) E K (2,3 bc cu) b. Gii: E G khng suy dn t F Cu 21: Cho lc quan h = (U, F) vi U = ABCDEGH v F = { B AEG , ABE CH , ACD BEG } . Bng cc lut ca h tin Armstrong hy chng t ph thuc hm f = BD CGH suy dn c t tp cc ph thuc hm F. Gii: Ta c: B AEG (f1) ABE CH (f2) ACD BEG (f3) Cu 22: Cho lc quan h = (U,F) vi U = ABCDEGH v F = { AE BEG , CEH BD , DG BCD, ABC DE} v mt ph thuc hm f = ACE DEG. Hy ch ra rng f c th dn c t tp F theo cc lut ca h tin Armstrong. Cu 23: Cho lc quan h = (U,F) vi U = ABCDEGH v F = { AE BEG , CEH BD , DG BCD, ABC DE} v mt ph thuc hm f = ACE DEG. Hy ch ra rng f dn c t tp F bng vic ng dng cc lut ca h tin Armstrong.