Μαθήματα 1 έως το 13 στον Διαφορικό λογισμό - νέο 3

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Athens 2012 13
:
2 |
:
-
2
1
1
) f x 0 . f
x 0 ; x 0 ; ;
) f x 0 ; (3 )
) f x 0 ;
) f x 0 .
1
2 2
x
f (x) =
x
, x0
f 0=0 .
, x=0
f (x) = g(x) x
0
3
, x 0 g(0) = g(0) = 0 . f x0 = 0
, x=0
f (x)
, x x0
f x0, g (x) =
x0.
f
'(x
).(x
x
)
+
f
(x
)
,
x > x0
0
0
0
4
f :R R
) x0 = 0
x x2 f(x) x + x2 x R . f(x)
) x0 = 0 .
5
x : f 2 ( x ) + g 2 ( x ) = x 6 + 2x 3 + 1, (1) f, g x0= - 1 ,
:
) f ( 1) = g ( 1) = 0
f ( 1) + g ( 1) = 9
2
6
f, g R x 0 =0. xR
f(x) g(x) f(0) = g(0),
)
f ( x ) f ( 0)
x0
g ( x ) g ( 0)
x0
x > 0
f ( x ) f ( 0)
x0
g ( x ) g ( 0)
x0
x < 0
) f ( 0 ) = g ( 0 )
7
, f x 0 , :
2 |
:
lim
h 0
lim
f ( x0 + h ) f ( x0 )
= f ( x0 )
h
f ( x0 + h ) f ( x0 h )
h 0
lim
f ( x0 h ) f ( x0 )
h 0
= f ( x 0 )
= 2f ( x 0 )
2
) f x 0 x 0
) f ( x ) = x , x 0 = 0 .
; ( )
) f x 0 f x 0 .
) ; f x 0 x 0
8
x 2 + x + 1 , x < 0
:
3
x + x + 1 , x 0
f ( x ) =
) f x 0 = 0
) f x 0 = 0
x 1
x2
f ( x ) =
x + 1 e x
2
10
,x < 0
x 0 = 0
,x 0
x , x <
, . f
x + , x
f ( x ) =
x 0 = , , .
f
. f.
11
f (x) 2x
= 4 :
x2
f x0 = 0 lim
x 0
) f(0) = 0
) f ( 0 ) = 2
lim
x 0
f ( x ) 2x
x
=0
) lim
f ( x )
x
x0
12
f : R R x R :
2x x xf ( x ) 2 x + x 2
:
) f .
)
f ( 0) = 2
2 |
:
3 C f
) C f x 0 ,f ( x 0 ) ;
) f x 0
f ( C f ) ;
13

xx

Cf
x 0
( ) : y = x +

( ) : y = x +

x x

(, )

( ) : y = x +

Cf , Cg
(x0, f(x0))
(
)
Cf , Cg
A ( x1 , f ( x1 ) ) , B ( x 2 , g ( x 2 ) )
Cf ,Cg
2 |
:
14
g 1, f 1
f (x) = | x 1| g(x), x R ,
) g ( 1) f x0 = 1.
) 1
15
f (x) + x 2
= 3 , ,
x 2
x2
f(x) x 0 = 2 lim
) f (2)
) f x 0 = 2
) () f x 0 = 2
) () x x.

1. ) y = x 2
.
) f ( x ) = x 3 ;
2. f ( x ) =
( , f ()) , 0 f.
( , f()) ( , 0) Cf .
3. f ( x ) = x 3 ( , 3
) , 0 .
Cf
.
4. f ( x ) =
( )
1
, 1 .
, x x y y ,
i) To M
ii) , R
5. ,
x.
) f(x) = x +
4
x
) f ( x ) =
x
ex
) f ( x ) =
x2 + 1
x
6. f ( x ) = x 2
g(x) =
1 1
+
(1, 1), .
2x 2
7. f ( x ) =
x +
, R . , Cf
x+
(0, 1)
1.
2
2 |
:
8. f ( x ) = x 3 3x + 5
:
i) y = 9x + 1
ii) y = x
9. f ( x ) = x 2
(0, 1).
10. f ( x ) = x 2 + x + , ,, R . , ,
Cf (1, 2) y = x .
11. f ( x ) =
1
g(x) = x 2 x + 1
x
, .
12. y = 3x 2 , f ( x ) = x 3
.
1
. , R ,
x
x 0 = 1.
13. f ( x ) = x 2 + x + 2 g ( x ) =
14. f ,
y = x + 1 y = 3x 1 (0, 1) (1, 2) .
15. f ( x ) = 2x 2 2 x , x [0, 2] ,
x.
16. f
R , f (1) = 1 g
g ( x ) = f x 2 + x + 1 1, x R . Cf
A
(1 , f (1 ) )
Cg (0, g(0)) .
17. f (1, 1),

f ( x ) = e x x (x) x ,
2 2
i)
f ( 0 )
ii)
Cf A
( 0 , f ( 0 ) )
2 |
:
2
4
) f ;
) f (, );
) f [, ];
5 , , ,
) f;
f;
) , f ;
6
)
x v , v N, v > 1
x
x
x
ex
ln x
) .
16
,
( 5) = ................. ( ln 2) = ......................
0
= ...................... 1 = ...................
4
( x ) = ........................ ( x ) = .........................
2
11
17
ex 1
= 1 ( De l Hospital)
x 0
x
e 2x 1
) : lim
x 0
x
ln x
) : lim
x 1 x 1
) : lim
2 |
:
18
f , :
x3 , x < 0
f (x) =
x , x 0
ex , x 0
f (x) =
ln x , x > 0
ex , x 0
f (x) =
ln x , x 1
19
f ( > 2).
( v) ( v+1)
f ,f ,f ,f
20
, f ( x ) = e x , g ( x ) = x
h ( x ) = x
21
x 2
f ( x ) = 3
x
,x <1
f .
,x 1
2 |
:
3
7
) f, g
f+g
fg
f g
f
g
x v , v Z {0,1}
x
x
) 1, 4, 6, 7, 8
8
) f o g f g ;
;
) , h
h (x)
h(x)
h ( x )
h ( x )
h( x )
ln h ( x )
h ( x )
2 |
10
:
h ( x )
x , R Z
x , > 0
ln x
) .
22
(A) ,
( 2x 3)
, e x + 1, x 2 + x , ( x + 3) ,e2x ,ln ( x ) , ( x ) , n x, n x
, n
(n >1)
(B)
,
f ( ln x ) , g ( 2x + 3) , f x 2 + x + 1 , f ( x )
23
f R, :
) f f
) f f
) f > 0, f .
24
v
( f ( x ) )
( f ( x ) )
, f R.
25
,
) m ( x ) =
x3
) f ( x ) =
x2
) g ( x ) = x x , x > 0
) h ( x ) = ( ln x ) , x > 1
x
) k ( x ) = 25x 3
26
f : f (ln x) = x ln x x , x > 0
) f (0) f (1)
) : f ( 0 ) = 0 f (1) = e
)
Cf
0 1.
) C f x 0 = 1
x ' x y ' y .
27
f ( x ) = 2 x, x R
) f.
) : f ( x ) + 4f ( x ) = 2
28
f ( x ) = e x , x R .
) , f
2 |
11
:
) ( > 3) f
29
f : R R f ( x ) = x + 1 + x 2
) f ( x ) =
1 + x2
, x R
f ( x ) , x R
) f f.
) 1 + x 2 f ( x ) + x f ( x ) = 4f ( x ) , x R
30
x 2 + x + 1 , x < 0
, f
3
x + x + 1 , x 0
f ( x ) =
) ( ,0 )
) ( 0, + )
) f
) x 0 = 0
31
2
2
x
f (x) =
x
0
, x0
, x=0
f x .
32
x 1
x2
f ( x ) =
x + 1 e x
,x < 0
f .
,x 0
33
f ( x ) =
x x, x 0
( 0, + )
) f [ 0, + )
) f
f [ 0, + )
2 |
12
:
4
9
) x, y y = f ( x ) .
y x, x = x 0 ;
) f ( x 0 ) ; , ;
) ; f ( x 0 )
f (x), x = x 0
34

t0
t0
x0
x0
x0

U, t
s
35
xOy 10m
Oy ,Ox . U=2m/sec
x s (t) = U (t) , t sec, 0 < t < 5 . :
1. E(t) .
2. E(t) 6m
:
.
.
2 |
13
:
5 Rolle
10 Rolle
) Rolle .
) Rolle.
) ; .
36
f , :
) f
f
) f
f.
)
37
f
R f ( x ) 0 x R .
f .
38

Rolle.
Rolle
,

f xx.
a) f (x) = 1 x 2
c) f (x) = x
x [-1,1]
x [-2,2]
b) f (x) = x 3
x [-2,1]
x + 2, 1 x 0
, x [ 1,1]
0 < x 1
3x,
d) f (x) =
39
x 2 + x + x 0

2x
e + x + 1 x > 0
, , R f (x) =
Rolle [-1,2]
2 |
14
:
40
f ()
=
f ( )
f :[, ] f ( x ) > 0 , x [ , ] : ln
:
x
) g(x) = e f (x) . Rolle [, ]
) x 0
( , ) : f '(x o ) = f (x o )
41
f, g [, ] (, ). g(x) 0 x[, ]
g(x) 0 x ( , ) ,
f () f ()
f '( ) f ( )
=
=
. ( , ) :
g() g()
g '( ) g( )
42
f : [ , ] R 0 < < , (, ()) (, ())
C f . :
)
f () f ()
=
) [, ] f ''(x) 0 , x [ , ]
C f
43
f ,g : R R g(0) = g(1) = 0 . :
a) h(x) = g(x)e f (x) . Rolle [0, 1]
b)
x 0 ( 0,1) g '(x o ) = g(x o )f '(x o )
44
f, g [, ] (, ), g '(x) 0
x (, )
a) : g( )
g()
b) R F(x) = f (x) kg(x)

Rolle [, ]
c) x 0 ( , ) :
f '(x o ) f () f ()
=
g '(x o ) g() g()
2 |
15
:
11
) ;
(: , )
) Rolle (
Bolzano);
45

0
1
c
xv
x
x
1
2 x
1
2 x
ex
1
x
f v ( x ) f ( x )
f ( x )
2 f (x)
2 |
16
:
f ( x )
f (x)
e
f (x)
f ( x )
f (x)
f ( x )
f ( x ) f ( x )
f ( x ) f ( x )
f ( x )
2 f ( x )
f ( x )
2 f ( x )
f ( x ) + g ( x )
f ( x ) g ( x )
f ( x )
f ( x ) g ( x ) + f ( x ) g ( x )
f ( x ) g ( x ) f ( x ) g ( x )
g2 ( x )
46
3x 2 + 2x ( + 1) = 0, R* (0, 1).
47
4x 3 4x + 1 = 0 (0, 1)
48
3x 2 + 2 x ( + ) = 0 , ,
(0, 1)
49
1 x
1 + x = e1+ x (0, 1)
[: : ln (1 + x ) + x 1 = 0 ( x 1) ln (1 + x ) + ( x 1) ( ln (1 + x ) ) = 0 ]
1+ x
2 |
17
:
12
) Rolle, f (x) = 0
(, );
) : ;
50
x 3 12x + a = 0, a R ( -2 , 2).
51
f : R R x R f ( x ) + e
f (x)
= x 3 + x 2011 .
C f x x .
52
x 2 + x + = e x , , , R 0 , .
13
f (x) = 0 (, )
53 (Rolle )
2
x + x + ln x = 2 ( 0, + )
54 (Rolle Bolzano)
x 5 + x 3 + 2x + = 0 , R > 0 2 < < 0 .
0,
55 ( ) ( Bolzano Rolle )
f : [ , ] R f ( x ) = x 2 xx x f ( x ) = 0
( , ) .
56 ( ) (Rolle )
f : R R [1, 7] f (1) + f ( 3) = f ( 4 ) + f ( 7 ) .
(1,7 ) f ( ) = 0
: , Rolle.
, .
2 |
18
:
6 (..)
14
) ( ..)
(: Langrange)
)
) .. Rolle;
57
.. [-1,1]
)
2x 2 + x x < 0
3
x +x x0
f (x) =| x 2 x |
4 x 3 | x | 1
| x |= 1
3
) f (x) =
) f (x) =
58
2x 2 + 5
1 x 1
.
3
2
x + 4x x + 5 1 < x 2
f (x) =
.. [-1, 2] (-1, 2) : f '() =
f (2) f (1)
2 ( 1)
59
x 2 3x 0 x 1
2
x + x + 1 1 < x 3
f (x) =
) , R .. [0, 3].
= - 1 = - 3,
) (0, 3) f '() =
f (3) f (0)
3
)
(3, 1) (2,- 2).
60
[, ] (, ) () = 2 () = 2.
(, ) f (, ())
: y + 2x = e 2
15
) () Bolzano ;
) x1 x2 f ( x1 ) ,f ( x 2 )
- , ;
61 (.. + Bolzano)

:
)
f : [ , ] R , f ( ) = f ( ) = , 0 < < .
x 0 ( , ) f ( x 0 ) = + x 0
1 ( , x 0 ) 2 ( x 0 , ) f ( 1 ) f ( 2 ) = 1
62 (.. + )
[, ] (, ) () = ()
2 |
19
:
x1, x2(, ) : f '(x1 ) + f '(x 2 ) = 0

63 ( 2001) (Bolzano ..)
f :[, ] R [, ] (, ) f () = 2 f ( ) = 2 .
) f (x) = 2x (, )
) 1, 2 (, ) : f '(1 ) f '(2 ) = 4
64 (.. + Rolle)
[1, 3]. 2f (2) = f (1) + f (3)
) [1, 2] [2, 3]
) x0 (1, 3) : f ''(x o ) = 0
65 (.. + ..)

)
f : [ 0,1] R f ( 0 ) = 0 f (1) = 1 . :
x 0 ( 0,1) , f ( x 0 ) =
1
2
1 , 2 ( 0,1) ,
1
1
+
=2
f ( 1 ) f ( 2 )
16 ( )
.. ;
66 (.. )
():
) ,
x
x
) x + 1 e xe + 1 , x
1
x + 1 1
< ln
<
x +1
x x
, x *+
) v v 1 ( ) < a v v < v v 1 ( ) 0 < <
) x y x y , x, y
) e x <
ex e y
< e y ,x, y x y
xy
> 1
)
0 < <

2
2
2
67
:
)
x 1
ln x x 1 x (0, + )
x
2
ln 3 2
3
ln x
=1
x 1
) lim
x 1
68 ( + Rolle + )
f : [ , ] R [ , ] x1 , x 2 , x 3 [ , ] .
x1 , x 2 , x 3 f ( x1 ) , f ( x 2 ) , f ( x 3 ) ,
( , ) f ( ) = 0 .
2 |
20
:
69 ( , , Rolle Bolzano)
f : [ , ] R f () > 0 , f ( ) > 0 f ( ) < 0
( , ) . :
) f (x) =0 (, )
) x 0 ( , ) C f x0 x x.
)
( , ) f ( ) > 0
(: f f )
: , .
, .
2 |
21
:
7
17
) ,
) ; f ( x ) = c , c , f ( x ) = 0
) ;
) ;
70 1:

f : ( 0, + ) R f (1) = 2 xf ( x ) = f ( x ) x > 0.
) g ( x ) =
f (x)
x
( 0, + )
) f g.
71
f : ( 0, + ) R xf ( x ) = 2 f ( x ) x > 0.
f ( x )
2
= 0 x > 0.
x
) f (1) = 2013 f.
72 2 : c
f : R R : f ( x ) + f ( x ) = 0 x R .
) c R + f ( x )
) + (f ( x ))
2
= c.
) f f ( 99 ) = f ( 99 ) = 0 ;
73 ( )
f f ( x ) = f ( x ) x R , c R :
f ( x ) = c ex
74 ( )
f f ( x ) = f ( x ) R* , x R , c R
:
f ( x ) = c e x
75
f f ( x ) =
f f ( x ) =
( ln x )
x ln x f ( x )
2
x ( 0,1) (1, + ) .
, cR .
76 73
f ,g : R R f ( x ) f ( x ) = g ( x ) g ( x ) x R .
h ( x ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) :
) : h = h
) f ( 2013) = g ( 2013) f ,g .
2 |
22
:
77 ...
f R f ( 0 ) = 2 f ( y + x ) = f ( y ) f ( x ) e 2 yx f ( x ) 0
x, yR , :
) f ( 0 ) = 1
) f .
) f ( x ) = 2f ( x )( x + 1) x R
) g ( x ) =
f (x)
ex
+ 2x
R. ( , )
) f.
78 ...
f g R :
) f ( x ) 0 g ( x ) 0 x R
) f ( 0 ) = g ( 0 ) = 1
) f ( x ) =
1
1
g ( x ) =
g (x)
f (x)
:
1. f ( x ) g ( x ) = 1 x R
(: c 1 )
2. f, g
79 ( 1992 ) 73

2 2
f ,
f ( x ) x + f ( x ) x = f ( x ) x f (0) = 1992
2 |
23
:
8 ( f = g )
18
) f, g .
) : f, g R f = g f = g
) (); .
) (x) = (x),
; .
) f, g ,
, ;
) f ( x ) = g ( x ) f, g R ,
f, g;
: 5 / . 12 13 Rolle,
!
80
() f (1) =1 f :
) f ( x ) =
1
, x>0
x
) xf ( x ) + f ( x ) = 3x 2 + 2x + 1, x > 0
) e x f ( x ) f ( x ) =
) e x f ( x ) e x f ( x ) =
x +1
, x>0
x
ex
, x > 0 ) f ( x ) + f ( x ) = 2e x , x R f (1) = 2e 1
ex + 1
() f (), (), () ()
R* ( ).
81 ( 2001)
f f ( x ) = 6x + 4 x R
(0,3) 2.
82 ( 2002)
f : ( 0, + ) R f (1) = 0 xf ( x ) 2f ( x ) = x
x ( 0, + ) . f.
83 ( 2005)
f R, 2f ( x ) = e
x f ( x )
x R ,
1 + ex
f ( 0 ) = 0 . : f ( x ) = ln
2
84
f ( 0, + ) f (1) = 2, f (1) = 3
x 2 f ( x ) x f ( x ) + f ( x ) = 0 x > 0 .
f ( x )
x x > 0 .
) : f ( x ) =
) f.
2 |
24
:
85 (1 1998)
f : ( 0, + ) R f ( x ) > 0 f ( x ) + 2xf ( x ) = 0
x > 0 (1, 1).
f ( 0, + ) f.

f : R R x f ( x ) f ( x ) = x, x R f (1) = 1 ,
;
.

:
x f ( x ) f ( x ) = x x 2 0
x f ( x ) ( x ) f ( x )
x
x
, x0
x2
f ( x )

= ( ln x ) , x 0
x
f (x)
= ln x + c, x 0
x
f ( x ) = x ln x + cx , x 0
f (1) = 1 c = 1 f ( x ) = x ln x + x, x 0
; 80 () .
2 |
25
:
9
19
) ,
. ; f(x)=0;
) f, .
f f ; .
) ()
) ; ;
. ( )
) .
.
;
i. f (a, b),
( a, x 0 ) ( x 0 , b ) , f ( )
,
( a, x 0 ) ( x 0 , b )
ii. f (a, b), ( a, x 0 )

( x 0 , b ) , x 0 , f (
) ,
( a, x 0 ) ( x 0 , b )
86

) f ( x ) = 2x 3 3x 2 12x
) f ( x ) =
e
x
4 x 2
) f ( x ) =
x+2
x 2 3x
) f ( x ) =
x2
, x 1
, x >1
87

f f. f
.
88
f R f f ( x ) = 7 ( x 1) ( x + 2 ) ( x 3)
2
x R . f.
89
f R f ( x ) < 0 x R .
lim
x 1
f ( x ) + x2 1
x 1
= 1 :
) : f (1) = 0
) f
90
( )
) f ( x ) = ln x + x 2
1
x
) f ( x ) =
x
x2 + 1
) f ( x ) = ln x ln (1 x )
2 |
26
:
) f ( x ) =
x
1+ x
) f ( x ) = e x ln x 1
) f ( x ) = x +
1
x 3
91
f (x) =0 .
) f ( x ) = x 3 + 2x 1 2x, x ( 0,1)
f ( x ) = 1 + ln (1 + x )
1
x +1
) f ( x ) = x 3 + 5x + 1, x ( 1, 0 )
92
f : R R .
f .
) f 3 ( x ) + f ( x ) = x, x [ 0, ]
) 2f 3 ( x ) + 6f ( x ) = 2x 3 + 3x 2 + x 3
93

x2
> x + 1, x > 0
2
x
) ln ( x + 1)
, x 0
1+ x
) 2x + x 3x, x R
)
) e x +
4 3 4 3
, 1
4
3
4 3
94

f : ( 1, + ) R : f ( x ) = 2 ln ( x + 1) + x 2 2x
) f ( x ) 0
) f
95

f : [ 0, + ) R f ( x ) = x + x + 8
) f
) f (1)
x + x+4 2 >4
96 ( 2006)

f (x) =
1 + ex
, xR
1 + e x +1
) f
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
) x < 0 : f 5 x + f 7 x < f 6 x + f 8x
97
.
f ( x ) = x 1 ln x x [1, + ) . :
) f [1, + )
) x 1 ln x > 0, x > 1
. g : (1, + ) R : g ( x ) =
x ln x
x 1
) g
) 1 < < , :
( 1)
< ( 1)
2 |
27
:
10
20
) x0
) f x 0 A
1. x0
2. x 0
3.
4.
98
;
)
) f
) f
) ,
) ,
) (, ) ( )
) [, ] ( )
) f (, ) .
) f [, ] .
)
21 Fermat
) Fermat
) . ;
.
) x0 f ( x 0 ) 0 f x0
( ); .
)
;
: Fermat ,
, .
1:
99
f : R R 2f 3 ( x ) + 6f ( x ) = 2x 3 + x + 1 x R .
f , ) ) Fermat
100
f : R R 2f ( x ) f ( x ) f ( x )
2012
= 2x 2 + x + 1 x R .
101 ( 2001)
f : R R f 3 ( x ) + f 2 ( x ) + f ( x ) = x 3 2x 2 + 6x 1 x R
, R . f
2 |
28
:
2:
102
x R x x + 1 ,
= e.
103
, >0 x + x 2 x R , : = 1
104
f : R R f ( 0 ) = 0 x 0 = 0
f ( x ) + f ( 2x ) + f ( 3x ) 4 ( 3x ) x R , f ( 0 ) = 2
105
f : R R x 0 = 0 x f ( x ) x x R ,
f yy 1.
106
f : R R
f ( 0 ) = 0 ( fof )( x ) ( x 1) x R .
2
f x = 1
) : f f (1) f (1) = 0
) f (1)
3: Fermat
107
f : R R f ( x ) = x 3 + x 2 3x + 1
x1 = 1 x 2 = 1 .
) = 1 =0
) f.
108
f : R R f ( x ) = x 3 + x + 2
x1 = 1 (2, 4).
) = 1 = - 3.
) f.
( 21)
f : [ 0, 2] R , (0, 2)
f ( 0 ) > f ( 2 ) > f (1)

x 0 ( 0, 2 ) f ( x 0 ) = 0
2 |
29
:
22
) f ;
) f ;
109
x 3
f ( x ) =
2
( x 2 )
,0 x <1
,1 x 3
) f;
) f.
23
) f (, ) x0, f .
f (x0 ) f ; .
) f (x) (, x 0 ) ( x 0 , ) , ,
i. f ( x 0 )
ii. f (, ) . ( )
1:
110
:
) f ( x ) =
ln x
x
) f ( x ) = x e x
) f ( x ) =
x
ex
) f ( x ) =
ln x
, v N ( v > 1)
xv
) f ( x ) = x v e x , v N ( v > 1)
) f ( x ) =
) f ( x ) = x ln x
) f ( x ) =
ex
x
) f ( x ) = x v ln x, v N ( v > 1)
) f ( x ) =
ex
, v N ( v > 1)
xv
xv
, v N ( v > 1)
ex
111
, :
) f ( x ) = x 3 6x 2 + 9x 2
x 2 + 2x , x 0
) f ( x ) =
x
xe
2
x +1
) f ( x ) = ln
) f ( x ) = x 2 ln x
f x
) f ( x ) = 1 e x e ( ) , x R
,x > 0
) f ( x ) = ln ( x + 1)
112
x
x +1
f : R R f ( x ) = x 2 + x e x , R
) f .
) x1 , x 2 f, :
e x1 f ( x1 ) + e x 2 f ( x 2 ) .
113
f : R R f 3 ( x ) + f ( x ) = e x + e x x R .
f.
2:
114

1
3
x ( 0, )
2
2
) ln x = x 2 ( 0, + )
) x =
) x 2 = x [ , ]
3
2
) x 6x + 9x 2 = 0 (0, 1)
) x 3 3x + 2 = 0 R
) x 2 = 2eln x ( 0, + )
2 |
30
:
115
f : ( 0, + ) R : f ( x ) = 2x ln x + x 2 4x + 3
) f ( 0, + )
) f
1
2
) g ( x ) = x ln x h ( x ) = x 2 + 2x
.
116 ( 2002)
f ,g : R R fog 1 1, :
) g 1 1
) (
) g f ( x ) + x 3 x = g f ( x ) + 2x 1 .
117 ( 2007)
, k Z .
2
f : R R : f ( x ) = x 3 3x 2 2 R 2k +
) f .
) f ( x ) = 0 .
3: ( 3 )
118
x > 0 :
) e ln x x
1
+ ln x 1
x
) 1 + ln x
e 2
x
2
119
f : ( 0,1) R : f ( x ) = x x (1 x )
1 x
) : f ( x ) = f ( x ) ln x ln (1 x )
) , > 0
x ( 0,1)
+ = 1 :
1
2
120
f : ( 0, e ) R f (1) = 0 f ( x ) = ln x f ( x )
x ( 0,e )
.
) f (0, e).
) f
) f
) : (1 ln x ) e = 1, R
4:
:
2 |
31
:

x2
f ( x ) = 1
,x 0
,x > 0
. .
2x
f R R . x R , f ( x ) = 1
x 2
*
,x < 0
,x > 0
<
>
f ,
A(0, f(0))= (0, 0).
: ;
f.
2 |
32
:
11
24
) f, .
f ; ;
: ,
, .
) .
) f = [, ]
<
>
) (. 136 139 . )
. ; , ;
121
) f R ,
f.
) f R ,
f.
:
( ).
122
f . , < , :
+
f ( ) + f ( ) > 2 f
2
123
f . , < , :
+
f ( ) + f ( ) < 2 f
2
124
) f . , , < < :
f () f ( ) f ( ) f ()
<

) f .
125
f, g R. f R g R
:
) Cf ,
Cg .
) Cf Cg , Cf Cg
.
2 |
33
:
25
) f, .
f f ;
) .
;
) ,
, ; .
) ().
, ( f ) ;
, ;
126
f, :
i) f ( x ) = x ln
1
iv)
f(x) = x e x
iii) f(x) =
x3 + x 2 1
x2 1
vi) f(x) =
x5 x4
3x + 1
20 12
ii) f(x) = x e x
v) f(x) =
x2
3
ln x x 2
2
4
129
R f(x) = - x4+ 2x3- 6x2 + 3x - 1 R.
130
f : R->R f
g(x)
= f(x) e-x R.
(x) <
f (x) + f (x)
x R. N
2
131
f : RR f(x) > 0 x R
R. g(x) = ln f(x) g(x) > 0 x R,
h(x) = ex f(x) R, R.
132
f: (0,+ ) R f(x)
< x f ( x ) =
x
x > 0.
x f (x)
N :
) f (0, + )
) f
2 |
34
:
) f (0, + )
133
f R f(x) > 0 x R.
g(x) = lnf(x) R g(x) 0, x R, f R.
26
) ;
) f : ( , ) R . f;
) , .
: ,
.
134
x 3
f ( x ) =
4
( x 2)
, x <1
, x 1
) f x 0 = 1
) f ,
)
135
f ( )
Cf ,:
i) f(x) =
x ln x
iv) f(x) = x e
vii) f(x) =
x2
1 x2
ii) f(x) =
x5 x3
20 6
v) f(x) = x2lnx
viii) f(x) = x4-6xlnx2-12
iii) f(x) = 2x+
x2

, x 0,
2
2
vi) f(x) = ln(lnx)

ix) f(x) =
1 2x
e 3e x + 2
4
x) f(x) = (1+x2)e-x
136 ( 2004)
2
f f(x)=x lnx.
) f,
) f .
) f.
137
N f ( x ) =
2 + 1 x2
x 4 x3
+
+ x 2, R
12
3
2
.
138
N f(x)
.
= x3+x2+x+ 0 2 = 3
139
f [1,8] .
2 |
35
:
y
y = f (x )
2
-1
10
4
,
) f,
) f
) f ;
27
) A x 0 , f ( x 0 ) f f
, f ( x 0 ) ;
1) ; 2) ;
. 3) ;
) ;
) ;
) ( ) f, x0
. f x0;
140 (. 5 /. 279)
f, (- 2, 2), :
f 2 ( x ) 2f ( x ) = 3 x 2 (1)
) f
) (-2, 2) ;
) f x ( 2, 2 ) (1)
[: f ( x ) 1
= 4 x 2 ]
141
2
g R (g(x))
= 5g(x) - ex - x + 2013
x R 1 > 0. g
.
142
f(x) = x 4 + x3 + x2 + x +1 , > 6 , , R.
f xo = 1 (1,f(1)) f
,
) f
) f
) + + < -2
) f(x)=0 R
2 |
36
:
28 4:
f , C f
x 0 ; ;
143
) f (, ) ( )
( , ) : f ( x ) f ( )( x ) + f ( ) x ( , )
) f (, ) ( )
( , ) : f ( x ) f ( )( x ) + f ( ) x ( , )
144
f(x) = x + ln x + x .
() , R, (1,3) Cf.
() = 4 = -1:
a) Cf .
b) Cf .
c) 4 x ln x x + 3 x 1 .
145
f:
RR
f (x) 2x
= 3 f (3) = 4
x2
lim
x 2
a) Cf x0 = 2.
b) f R :
i) f ( x ) 5x + 6 0
ii) (2,3) f .
146
f : ( 0, + ) R f ( x ) = e x ln x .
) f ( 0, + )
) C f 1,f (1)
) x > 0 : e ( e 1) x + ln x + 1
x
147
f (x) = e x g(x) = ln x
) , g .
)
Cf
(0,1)
Cg
(1,0)
) : e x + 1 , x ln x x 1 , x(0,+) . ;
x
) f
g.
2 |
37
:
:: (
):
x
) e x 1 > 0 e x x > 0 x R
) ln x x 1 < 0 ln x x < 0 x ( 0, + ) , : ln x < x < e x .

.
x x 0
) x x x x x x x x
x + x 0

x, y= x y = x.
2 |
38
:
12 De l Hospital
: Hospital (
)
29
) 3 .
: , ,
f x =1,
.
) ;
) : .
.
148

.
149

(. 1 2)
(. 1)
(. 2)
(. 3)
150
f, g, h,
z, 3.
) .
) ;
)
;
2 |
39
:
30
) x = x 0 f.
) yy f, ;
) ;
R , ; .
) ;
) ;
: (: 7/ 10 ,
: 1.6 / . 176)
151
) .
) ;
) R ;
152
:
,x 0
,x > 0
) f ( x ) = 1
) f ( x ) =
x2 + x + 1 1
x
) f ( x ) =
ln x
x
153
f : ( ,1)
(1, + ) R f ( x ) =
x 2 + x 2
.
x 1
) ; f x = 1.
) f ;
31
) y = y 0 f.
) xx f, ;
) ;
) ;
) R;
:
( : 8 / 1 ,
1.7 . 182)
154
) f R ( ) +
y = , Cf .
) .
2 |
40
:
155
.
156
:
2
) f ( x ) = x + 1 x
2
) f ( x ) = x + x + 1 + x
) f ( x ) =
ln x
x
157

f :R R
2
f ( x ) = x + 2x + 3 + x ,
Cf +
158
f: (0,+ ) R e x xf (x) 1 x > 0.
Cf.
32
) y = x + f.
) ;
) ;
) ( );
) R;
) :
lim
x +
f (x)
x
= R lim ( f ( x ) x ) = R Cf
x +
+ ; ; . ; = 0 ;
)
; ;
159
;
) Cf + , +
)
Cf + , +
) R, 4
) R, 2
) .
160
f : R R f ( x ) = x + 2x + 2
2
) y = x 1 f
)
Cf +
2 |
41
:
161
2
f ( x ) = x x x
)
)
C f
)
162 ( 2005)
f ( x ) =
( 2 ) x 2 x + 2
x3
, R x 3 . y = x
f + , : = 1 =3.
163
f , g : R R :
lim ( f ( x ) + 2g ( x ) ) = 3 y = x + 3
x +
Cg + .
)
lim
x
f (x)
= 2
) Cf +
164
lim
x +
2x 2 + 4x + 3 (x + ) = 0 , , . , .
[: ]
165
f x + y =x+ 2, R ,
:
lim
9x 2 + 1 f (x) + 3 x 2 + 4
x 2 f (x) + x 4 + 1 x 3 + 2
= 10
166 2000
f , g : R R f ( x ) g ( x ) = x 4 x R .
y = 3x 7 f + .
) :
i) lim
x +
g (x)
x
ii) lim
x +
g ( x ) + 3x + 2x
xf ( x ) 3x 2 + 1
) y = 2x 3
g x +
167
f: (0,+ ) R f ( x ) =
2
x > 0. : y = x 1
x3
f f.
2 |
42
:
33 De L Hospital
) () De L Hospital (: ) ( D L)
: De L Hospital Johann Bernoulli (16671748) !
) D L ; ;
.
168
) f, g (, ) g ( x ) 0 ( , ) f ( ) = g ( ) = 0
g ( ) 0 :
lim
x
f (x)
g(x)
f ()
. ) ;
g ( )
169
f ( x ) = x 2
1
, x 0 g ( x ) = x, x R .
x
) :
)
lim f ( x ) = lim g ( x ) = 0
x 0
lim
x 0
x 0
f (x)
g (x)
lim
x 0
f (x)
g ( x )
) ;
170 0 /0
:
x 3 5x 2 + 8x 4
x 1
x3 1
x x
x 0 1 x
i) lim
ii) lim
e x e x 2x
x 0
x x
iii) lim
171 /
:
e x + 2x + 1
x 4e x + x + 3
3x + ln x
x + x + ln x
i) lim
i) lim
ln(1 + x 3 )
x + ln(2 + x 2 )
iii) lim
172 0 ( )
:
2
i) lim+ x ln x
x 0
ii) lim x e x 1
x
iii) lim+ [ ln x ln(x + 1)]

x 0
173 1 , 00 , 0
:
i) lim 1 +
x +
x +1
ii) lim x x
x +
iii) lim+
x 0
174
: lim
x 1
x 7 6x + 5
7x 6 6
42x 5
= lim
= lim
= 21 .
2
x 1
x 1
x 1
2x
2
.
175
f ,
: lim
h 0
f ( x + h ) 2f ( x ) + f ( x h )
h2
= f ( x )
2 |
43
:
12 + 1 :
34 Cf
) : ;
( 1
2 );
;
) :

;
,
( , , , , , , )
)
;
175

) f ( x ) =
) f ( x ) = x 3 3x 2 9x + 11
ex
ex 1
) f ( x ) =
1 + ln x
x
176
f (),
.
..
f ( x )
..
..
f (x)
f (x)
, ,
)
)
) f
)
)
) f ( x ) = 0
) f ( x ) > 0
) f;;
) , lim+ f ( x ) = ....... lim f ( x ) = .......
x 0
x0
lim f ( x ) = ........ lim f ( x ) = ....... lim f ( x ) x = .......

x
x +
x +
) ;
2 |
44

Μαθήματα 1 έως το 13 στον Διαφορικό λογισμό - νέο 3

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Μαθήματα 1 έως το 13 στον Διαφορικό λογισμό - νέο 3

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17. f (1, 1),

x 0 ( 0,1) g '(x o ) = g(x o )f '(x o )

b) R F(x) = f (x) kg(x)

.. [-1, 2] (-1, 2) : f '() =

x1, x2(, ) : f '(x1 ) + f '(x 2 ) = 0

) v v 1 ( ) < a v v < v v 1 ( ) 0 < <

ii. f (a, b), ( a, x 0 )

f ( 0 ) > f ( 2 ) > f (1)

A(0, f(0))= (0, 0).

iii) f(x) = 2x+

vi) f(x) = ln(lnx)

) ln x x 1 < 0 ln x x < 0 x ( 0, + ) , : ln x < x < e x .

iii) lim+ [ ln x ln(x + 1)]

lim f ( x ) = ........ lim f ( x ) = ....... lim f ( x ) x = .......

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